A method for controlling Spartina alterniflora by shading and covering with film

Abstract

The invention discloses a shading and film covering method for controlling Spartina alterniflora, comprising the following specific steps: S1, first mowing the Spartina alterniflora on a seashore during the growth peak period of the Spartina alterniflora, processing the mowing products, leaving no plants, and leveling the ground after mowing; S2, dividing the seashore after mowing the Spartina alterniflora into a plurality of regions, digging trenches in each region, and dividing the seashore in the region into a plurality of blocks; S3, covering each block with a light-shielding film, and then fixing the periphery of the light-shielding film; S4, the covering time of the light-shielding film is at least 75 days; S5, removing the light-shielding film after the film covering is completed; the advantages are that the actual environment is fully considered, regional classification is performed according to the degree of tidal influence, different shading and film covering methods for controlling Spartina alterniflora are formulated, the control effect of Spartina alterniflora is enhanced, the cost is low, and the recurrence rate is low.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of invasive plant prevention and control, and in particular to a shading and film-covering method for eliminating Spartina alterniflora. Background Art

[0002] Spartina alterniflora grows in tidal wetlands or estuaries. It is salt-tolerant, flood-tolerant, and wind-resistant. It is one of the invasive plants in the global coastal salt marsh ecosystem. Under the action of tides, some Spartina alterniflora plants and rhizomes are washed away and broken off, and drift with the tide along with the seeds. It also has a certain reproductive capacity. Spartina alterniflora grows rapidly, has high productivity, high population density, large community biomass, and strong ability to compete for environmental resources. In recent years, it has rapidly reproduced and occupied large areas of coastal tidal flats. It has become the most important alien invasive plant on the coastal tidal flats in southeastern my country, seriously affecting the coastal ecological environment and aquaculture industry, reducing the diversity of native plants, causing benthic animals and birds to lose their habitats and foraging space, and affecting the stability of coastal ecosystems.

[0003] The Chinese invention patent application with publication number CN112514713A and publication date 2021.03.19 discloses a method for comprehensive management of Spartina alterniflora by mowing and plowing, mainly by mowing the ground plants of Spartina alterniflora from the flowering stage to the early stage of booting; in winter, the Spartina alterniflora that sprouts again after mowing is plowed and broken roots are destroyed to destroy the rhizomes of Spartina alterniflora in the dormant period. Since Spartina alterniflora has strong survival ability, it is easy to regenerate after being managed in this way. The Chinese invention patent application with publication number CN111328493A and publication date 2020.06.26 discloses a method for removing Spartina alterniflora, cutting the surface Spartina alterniflora with a rotary tiller, then digging out the roots with a trenching and covering machine, and then covering the soil with a film for 7-14 days, and then planting seedlings on the film to achieve the management of Spartina alterniflora. However, due to the short covering time and the strong vitality of Spartina alterniflora, the effect of covering and controlling it is not strong. In addition, Spartina alterniflora mainly grows on the coast, and the covering will be affected by sea water and tides, resulting in poor effect of covering and controlling it. Summary of the invention

[0004] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a shading and film covering control method for Spartina alterniflora, which has low cost, low degree of damage to the ecological environment, high feasibility of control measures, good control effect and low recurrence rate of control.

[0005] The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve the above technical problems is: a method for controlling Spartina alterniflora by shading and covering with film, comprising the following specific steps:

[0006] S1, first in the growth period of Spartina alterniflora on the seashore to cut the Spartina alterniflora and process the cutting products, no plant remains, and the ground after cutting the Spartina alterniflora is processed and leveled;

[0007] S2, dividing the seashore after cutting Spartina alterniflora into multiple areas, and digging trenches in each area to divide the seashore in the area into multiple blocks;

[0008] S3. Cover each block with a shading film, make the shading film closely contact the ground to prevent light leakage, and then fix the periphery of the shading film;

[0009] S4. The covering time of the shading film is at least 75 days, and the integrity of the shading film must be ensured during the covering period;

[0010] S5. After lamination is completed, remove the light-shielding film on the block.

[0011] Preferably, in the step S1, when the Spartina alterniflora is mowed, the distance between the cutting position and the rhizosphere on the ground is less than 5 cm. After mowing with a lawn mower and / or a mowing knife and / or a mowing hoe, a small tiller or a small excavator is used to press the stubble and stones on the ground into the soil, so that the surface of the mowing area is smooth.

[0012] Preferably, in step S1, the peak growth period of Spartina alterniflora is from June to August every year.

[0013] Preferably, in step S2, the seashore is divided into low tide zone, mid tide zone and high tide zone according to the degree of tidal influence. In the low tide zone and mid tide zone, a shading film with a thickness of 2 mm is used; in the high tide zone, a shading film with a thickness of 0.3 mm is used.

[0014] Preferably, the climax zone is divided into large, medium, small and no areas according to the degree of influence of the typhoon. In the areas in the climax zone that are small and no influence of the typhoon, a shading film with a thickness of 0.3 mm is used, and in the areas in the climax zone that are medium and large influence of the typhoon, a shading film with a thickness of 2 mm is used.

[0015] Preferably, in step S2, the depth of the trench is at least 1.5 m to cut off the roots of Spartina alterniflora.

[0016] Preferably, in step S2, trenches are dug with an engineer shovel in the tidal flat area close to the river bank; and deep digging is performed with a small pontoon excavator in the open sea area far from the river channel.

[0017] Preferably, in step S2, the size of the block is 5m×10m.

[0018] Preferably, in the step S3, in areas close to coastal embankments and river channels, bamboo sticks with a length of 1m and a diameter of 15cm are inserted into the edge of the shading film, and then adjacent bamboo sticks are sequentially wrapped around the upper surface of the shading film with a special pull rope for fishing nets, so that the special pull rope for fishing nets compacts the four sides of the shading film to fix it; in areas close to the open sea, the four sides of the shading film are buried in the mud of the tidal flat to a depth of 0.5m-1m, and then the shading film is fixed by pressing stones around it.

[0019] Preferably, in step S3, the shading film is an anti-seepage geomembrane with a high shading rate.

[0020] Compared with the prior art, the advantages of the present invention are that the actual environment of the coastal area is fully considered, the regions are classified according to the degree of tidal influence, and different shading and film covering control methods for Spartina alterniflora are formulated for different regions, so that the control efficiency of Spartina alterniflora is maximized and the control effect is optimized under the premise of ensuring safety and saving costs; different methods are used to fix the shading film for different Spartina alterniflora regions, which can effectively prevent the shading film from shifting under the influence of tides and enhance the control effect of Spartina alterniflora; the method has low cost and low recurrence rate, and the survival rate of Spartina alterniflora with a shading rate of more than 70% is only 7%. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0021] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the division of the tidal flat area according to the present invention.

[0022] Among them: 1. River channel; 2. Gravel area 3. Coastal embankment; 4. High tide area; 5. Mid tide area; 6. Low tide area. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0023] The present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0024] As shown in the figure, a method for controlling Spartina alterniflora by shading and film covering includes the following specific steps:

[0025] S1. First, during the growth peak of Spartina alterniflora (i.e., June to August each year), the Spartina alterniflora on the seashore was mowed, and the distance between the cutting position and the ground rhizosphere was less than 5 cm. For the area with a larger growth area of ​​Spartina alterniflora (20 m × 20 m), a lawn mower was selected to mow, thereby improving work efficiency. For the area with a smaller growth area of ​​Spartina alterniflora (2 m × 2 m) and the gravel area, a mowing knife or a mowing hoe was selected to manually mow, and then a small-sized tillage machine or a small-sized excavator was used to press the stubble and stones on the ground into the soil, so that the surface of the mowing area was smoothed. The smooth surface of the mowing area was conducive to the subsequent film covering, making the film covering more firm. If the surface of the mowing area was uneven, when a typhoon hit, the shading film would be broken, affecting the control effect.

[0026] S2, the seashore after cutting Spartina alterniflora is divided into multiple regions, the seashore is divided into low tide area, medium tide area and high tide area according to the influence of tide, and the high tide area is further divided into large, medium, small and non-areas according to the influence of typhoon, and trenches are dug in each area, and the seashore in the area is divided into multiple blocks, and the specification of the block is 5m×10m; wherein: in the seashore area near the river bank, trenches are dug using an engineer shovel; in the offshore area far away from the river channel, a small pontoon excavator is used to dig deeply, and the depth of the trench is at least 1.5m, to cut off the root of Spartina alterniflora;

[0027] S3. Cover each block with a shading film. The shading film is an anti-seepage geomembrane with a high shading rate. The shading film has the effect of blocking sunlight and can inhibit the growth of Spartina alterniflora. In low-tide and medium-tide areas, a shading film with a thickness of 2 mm is used; in high-tide areas with little or no impact from typhoons, a shading film with a thickness of 0.3 mm is used; in high-tide areas with medium and large impact from typhoons, a shading film with a thickness of 2 mm is used. The shading film is in close contact with the ground to avoid light leakage. Then the periphery of the shading film is fixed, wherein: in the area near the coastal embankment and the river channel, a bamboo stick with a length of 1m and a diameter of 15cm is inserted into the edge of the shading film, and then the adjacent bamboo sticks are successively wrapped around the upper surface of the shading film with a special fishing net rope, so that the special fishing net rope compacts the periphery of the shading film to fix it; in the area near the open sea, the four sides of the shading film are buried in the mud of the beach to a depth of 0.5m-1m, and then the shading film is fixed by pressing the periphery with stones;

[0028] S4. The covering time of the shading film is at least 75 days, and the integrity of the shading film must be ensured during the covering period. The integrity of the shading film can be checked regularly, and timely repairs can be made when damage to the shading film is found;

[0029] S5. After lamination is completed, remove the light-shielding film on the block.

[0030] The following is the actual application of the above-mentioned shade and film treatment method for Spartina alterniflora on the mudflats outside the East China Sea dike in June 2023. The areas where the treatment had been completed were inspected and accepted on October 18, 2023. In this acceptance, two large sample plots (10m×10m) were randomly sampled and accepted. The large sample plots were numbered F1 and F2 respectively. Only 5 small sample plots (1m×1m) could be randomly selected from each large sample plot. The small sample plots were numbered F1-1~5 and F2-1~5.

[0031] Table 1 Acceptance evaluation table for the control effect of Spartina alterniflora

[0032] Evaluation content sample number Overall effect of the control area (percentage of area with good effect) Shade coverage Integrity of covering materials around the facility Number of new seedlings penetrating shade coverage in the coverage area F1-1 97% 98% 100% 0 strains F1-2 97% 100% 100% 0 strains F1-3 97% 100% 100% 0 strains F1-4 97% 100% 100% 0 strains F1-5 97% 98% 100% 0 strains F2-1 95% 100% 100% 0 strains F2-2 95% 98% 100% 0 strains F2-3 95% 100% 100% 0 strains F2-4 95% 100% 100% 0 strains F2-5 95% 100% 100% 0 strains

[0033] According to the data in Table 1 above, after the above-mentioned shading and film covering control method was used, the control effect of Spartina alterniflora on the beach outside the seawall was as high as 100%, which can effectively and thoroughly eliminate Spartina alterniflora.

[0034] The protection scope of the present invention includes but is not limited to the above embodiments. The protection scope of the present invention shall be based on the claims. Any replacement, deformation, and improvement of the technology that can be easily thought of by technicians in this field shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for controlling Spartina alterniflora by shading and film covering, characterized in that: The specific steps include: S1, first in the growth period of Spartina alterniflora on the seashore to cut the Spartina alterniflora and process the cutting products, no plant remains, and the ground after cutting the Spartina alterniflora is processed and leveled; S2, the seashore after mowing Spartina alterniflora is divided into multiple regions, the seashore is divided into low tide zone, mid-tide zone and high tide zone according to the tidal influence degree, in the low tide zone and the mid-tide zone, a light-shielding film with a thickness of 2mm is used; the described high tide zone is divided into large, medium, small and non-existent regions according to the degree of influence of typhoon, the degree of influence of typhoon in the high tide zone is small and non-existent region, and a light-shielding film with a thickness of 0.3mm is used, the degree of influence of typhoon in the high tide zone is medium and large region, and a light-shielding film with a thickness of 2mm is used, and trenches are excavated in each region, the depth of trench is at least 1.5m, to cut off the root of Spartina alterniflora, the seashore in the region is divided into multiple blocks; S3. Cover each block with a shading film, make the shading film closely contact the ground to prevent light leakage, and then fix the periphery of the shading film; S4. The covering time of the shading film is at least 75 days, and the integrity of the shading film must be ensured during the covering period; S5. After lamination is completed, remove the light-shielding film on the block.

2. The method for controlling Spartina alterniflora by shading and film covering as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: In the step S1, when the Spartina alterniflora is mowed, the distance between the cutting position and the rhizosphere of the ground is less than 5 cm. After mowing with a lawn mower and / or a mowing knife and / or a mowing hoe, a small tiller or a small excavator is used to press the stubble and stones on the ground into the soil, so that the surface of the mowing area is flat.

3. The method for controlling Spartina alterniflora by shading and film covering as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: In the step S1, the peak growth period of Spartina alterniflora is from June to August every year.

4. The method for controlling Spartina alterniflora by shading and film covering as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: In the step S2, trenches are dug with an engineer shovel in the tidal flat area close to the river bank; and deep digging is performed with a small pontoon excavator in the offshore area far from the river.

5. The method for controlling Spartina alterniflora by shading and film covering as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: In the step S2, the size of the block is 5m×10m.

6. The method for controlling Spartina alterniflora by shading and film covering as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: In the step S3, in areas close to coastal embankments and rivers, bamboo sticks with a length of 1m and a diameter of 15cm are inserted into the edge of the shading film, and then adjacent bamboo sticks are wrapped around the upper surface of the shading film in sequence with a special pull rope for fishing nets, so that the special pull rope for fishing nets compacts the four sides of the shading film to fix it; in areas close to the open sea, the four sides of the shading film are buried in the mud of the tidal flat to a depth of 0.5m-1m, and then the shading film is fixed by pressing stones around it.

7. The method for controlling Spartina alterniflora by shading and film covering as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: In the step S3, the shading film is an anti-seepage geomembrane with a high shading rate.

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