A soil conditioner for desertified vegetation and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The present invention belongs to the technical field of soil improvement, and relates to a soil conditioner for desertified vegetation and a preparation method thereof. The raw materials of the soil conditioner include: straw charcoal, humic acid, polyacrylamide, bentonite and composite bacterial agent, wherein the composite bacterial agent is composed of bacillus and mycorrhizal fungi. The prepared soil conditioner can be used for desertified soil to improve the structure of desertified soil, and has the effects of water retention, fertilizer retention and air permeability. In addition, the raw materials of the present invention are easy to obtain, the preparation method is simple, and it is suitable for large-scale production and application.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of soil improvement, and more particularly relates to a soil improver for desertified vegetation and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] The rapid economic development and people's increasing demand for improved quality of life, as well as the large-scale disordered and over-exploitation of natural resources, have caused more and more serious damage to the ecological environment. Soil is also affected by climate change and human activities, with rapid loss of soil organic matter, reduced fertility, reduced green plants, and reduced crop yields. With the increase of human activities and the intensification of climate change, soil desertification has shown an intensified development trend in recent decades. To control soil desertification, we must not only reduce excessive reclamation and grazing, but also take technical measures to change the trend of soil desertification and improve the performance and function of soil.

[0003] Applying soil conditioners to desertified soil is a good method for improving desertified soil. General soil conditioners can have a certain improvement effect in a short time after application. However, desertified soil is characterized by fine and non-porous particles, narrow particle size distribution, and a single component, mainly silicon dioxide, which cannot retain water and fertilizer. The effect of the applied soil conditioner lasts for a short time. Therefore, how to use low-cost materials to prepare an improver that can improve the performance and function of the soil for a long time is a problem that technicians in this field urgently need to solve. Summary of the invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a soil conditioner for desertified vegetation and a preparation method thereof, so as to solve the problems existing in the above-mentioned prior art.

[0005] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following solutions:

[0006] One of the technical solutions of the present invention is to provide a soil conditioner for desertified vegetation, wherein the raw materials include, by weight:

[0007] 50-80 parts of straw charcoal, 10-20 parts of humic acid, 2-5 parts of polyacrylamide, 20-25 parts of bentonite and 1-2 parts of compound bacterial agent.

[0008] Furthermore, the preparation step of the straw charcoal includes: subjecting the activated straw to pyrolysis treatment under low-oxygen conditions, washing it to neutrality and then drying it to obtain the straw charcoal.

[0009] Preferably, the straw is obtained by crushing at least one of corn straw, wheat straw and rice straw, wherein the crushed straw has a length of 1 to 2 cm and a length-to-diameter ratio of no more than 3.

[0010] Preferably, the activation is performed by soaking the straw in a mixed aqueous solution of potassium hydroxide and triethanolamine for 30 to 60 minutes, wherein the concentration of potassium hydroxide in the mixed solution is 5 to 10 mol / L, and the concentration of triethanolamine is 6 to 12 mol / L.

[0011] Preferably, the heating rate of the pyrolysis treatment is 3-6°C / min, the temperature is 300-400°C, and the insulation time is 2-3h.

[0012] Furthermore, the composite bacterial agent is formed by mixing Bacillus and mycorrhizal fungi in a volume ratio of 1:1.

[0013] Preferably, the Bacillus is Bacillus subtilis and / or Bacillus jelly, and the bacterial content is not less than 10 10 cfu / mL.

[0014] Preferably, the mycorrhizal fungi are surface diverse cysts and / or clear root cysts, and the fungus content is not less than 10 9 cfu / mL.

[0015] Furthermore, the particle size of the bentonite is passed through an 80-mesh sieve, and the sieve residue is taken.

[0016] The particle size of bentonite can affect its water retention capacity and physical adhesion, thus affecting the performance of the soil conditioner.

[0017] The second technical solution of the present invention is to provide a method for preparing the above-mentioned soil conditioner for desertified vegetation, the steps comprising:

[0018] Sterilize the straw charcoal, humic acid and bentonite and set them aside;

[0019] The soil improver is obtained by evenly mixing straw charcoal and bentonite and spraying the composite bacterial agent, drying the mixture, adding humic acid and polyacrylamide, and stirring the mixture evenly.

[0020] Furthermore, the temperature of the sterilization treatment is not higher than 140°C.

[0021] Furthermore, the drying method is room temperature drying or freeze drying.

[0022] The third technical solution of the present invention is to provide an application of the above-mentioned soil conditioner in the planting of vegetation in desertified soil.

[0023] Furthermore, the application method is specifically to use it alone or mix it with fertilizer and then scatter it on the soil surface, and then rotary tillage it, and the rotary tillage depth is 30 to 50 cm.

[0024] Preferably, the dosage for single use is 800-1500 kg / mu.

[0025] Preferably, the dosage after mixing with fertilizer is 200-300 kg / mu.

[0026] Preferably, the fertilizer is organic fertilizer or compound fertilizer.

[0027] The present invention discloses the following technical effects:

[0028] The present invention activates the straw and then uses a low-temperature pyrolysis treatment method to effectively improve the specific surface area of ​​the straw charcoal and the adsorption capacity for the bacterial agent, thereby providing excellent environmental conditions for the growth and reproduction of biological bacteria.

[0029] The soil conditioner prepared by the present invention can improve the structure of desertified soil and has the effects of water retention, fertilizer retention and air permeability. Polyacrylamide can bind soil particles together to form larger clumps, increase the viscosity of the soil, thereby reducing water loss and improving the water absorption capacity of the soil. At the same time, the formed clumps further protect the growth of microorganisms and provide an excellent condition basis for their metabolism.

[0030] The soil conditioner prepared by the present invention can improve the soil structure while the bacillus in the biological microbial agent can produce plant endogenous enzymes and plant growth regulators through metabolism, which can promote plant photosynthesis and plant growth after being absorbed by plants, and further promote the development of plant root systems. Mycorrhizal fungi can expand the root absorption surface and increase the absorption capacity of elements (especially phosphorus) and water outside the absorption range of original root hairs, thereby promoting plant growth. The two different biological bacteria can synergistically enhance the drought resistance of plants and enhance the survival ability of plants in desertified soils.

[0031] The raw materials of the invention are easily available, the preparation method is simple, and the invention is suitable for large-scale production and application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0032] Various exemplary embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail. This detailed description should not be considered as limiting the present invention, but should be understood as a more detailed description of certain aspects, features, and embodiments of the present invention.

[0033] It should be understood that the terms described in the present invention are only for describing a particular embodiment and are not intended to limit the present invention. In addition, for the numerical range in the present invention, it should be understood that each intermediate value between the upper and lower limits of the scope is also specifically disclosed. The intermediate value in any stated value or stated range, and each smaller range between any other stated value or intermediate value in the described range is also included in the present invention. The upper and lower limits of these smaller ranges can be independently included or excluded in the scope.

[0034] Unless otherwise indicated, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meanings as those generally understood by those skilled in the art. Although the present invention describes only preferred methods and materials, any methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein may also be used in the implementation or testing of the present invention. All documents mentioned in this specification are incorporated by reference to disclose and describe the methods and / or materials associated with the documents. In the event of a conflict with any incorporated document, the content of this specification shall prevail.

[0035] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations may be made to the specific embodiments of the present invention description without departing from the scope or spirit of the present invention. Other embodiments derived from the present invention description will be apparent to those skilled in the art. The present invention description and examples are exemplary only.

[0036] The words “include,” “including,” “have,” “contain,” etc. used in this document are open-ended terms, meaning including but not limited to.

[0037] If not otherwise specified, the room temperature in the specific implementation manner of the present invention is 25-30°C.

[0038] The bacterial content of Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus jelly in the specific embodiment of the present invention is not less than 10 10 cfu / mL, surface diverse cystic fungi and Minggen cystic fungi, the bacterial content is not less than 10 9 cfu / mL, all purchased from China General Microbiological Collection Center.

[0039] In a specific embodiment of the present invention, a product prepared by mixing Bacillus subtilis and Geocystis in a volume ratio of 1:1 is used as a composite bacterial agent. However, in the present invention, the type of Bacillus is selected as one or a mixture of two, and the type of mycorrhizal fungi is selected as one or a mixture of two, which has little effect on the effect of the technical solution. Therefore, they can be equally replaced under the conditions specified in the present invention.

[0040] The steps for preparing straw charcoal in the specific implementation manner of the present invention are as follows:

[0041] The corn stalks were crushed (length 1-2 cm, aspect ratio not higher than 3), soaked in a mixed aqueous solution of potassium hydroxide (10 mol / L) and triethanolamine (12 mol / L) for 30-60 min, then heated to 400°C at a heating rate of 5°C / min and kept warm for 3 h. After the insulation, they were washed with water until neutral and dried to obtain straw charcoal.

[0042] In the specific implementation manner of the present invention, bentonite is passed through an 80-mesh sieve, and the sieve residue is taken.

[0043] In the specific embodiment of the present invention, the total humic acid content in the humic acid is not less than 50%. In the present invention, the humic acid can interact with the microorganisms applied to the soil, provide a carbon source for them, promote the growth and metabolism of the microorganisms, and at the same time, improve the soil structure, increase the water retention capacity and air permeability of the soil, and provide a good living environment for the microorganisms.

[0044] Example 1

[0045] Preparation of soil conditioner for desertified vegetation:

[0046] Raw material preparation: 80 parts of straw charcoal, 20 parts of humic acid, 5 parts of polyacrylamide, 25 parts of bentonite and 2 parts of compound bacterial agent.

[0047] Preparation method:

[0048] Sterilize the straw charcoal, humic acid and bentonite for later use, and the sterilization temperature is not higher than 140°C;

[0049] The straw charcoal and bentonite are evenly mixed and then sprayed with the compound bacterial agent. After drying at room temperature, humic acid and polyacrylamide are added and stirred evenly to obtain the soil conditioner.

[0050] Example 2

[0051] Preparation of soil conditioner for desertified vegetation:

[0052] Raw material preparation: 50 parts of straw charcoal, 10 parts of humic acid, 2 parts of polyacrylamide, 20 parts of bentonite and 1 part of compound bacterial agent.

[0053] Preparation method:

[0054] Sterilize the straw charcoal, humic acid and bentonite for later use, and the sterilization temperature is not higher than 140°C;

[0055] The straw charcoal and bentonite are evenly mixed and then sprayed with the compound bacterial agent. After drying at room temperature, humic acid and polyacrylamide are added and stirred evenly to obtain the soil conditioner.

[0056] Example 3

[0057] Preparation of soil conditioner for desertified vegetation:

[0058] Raw material preparation: 65 parts of straw charcoal, 15 parts of humic acid, 3 parts of polyacrylamide, 25 parts of bentonite and 2 parts of compound bacterial agent.

[0059] Preparation method:

[0060] Sterilize the straw charcoal, humic acid and bentonite for later use, and the sterilization temperature is not higher than 140°C;

[0061] The straw charcoal and bentonite are evenly mixed and then the composite bacterial agent is sprayed on them. After freeze-drying, humic acid and polyacrylamide are added and stirred evenly to obtain the soil conditioner.

[0062] Comparative Example 1

[0063] Compared with Example 1, the only difference is that no polyacrylamide is added.

[0064] Comparative Example 2

[0065] Compared with Example 1, the only difference is that no composite bacterial agent is added.

[0066] Comparative Example 3

[0067] Compared with Example 1, the only difference is that the straw charcoal is replaced with an equal mass portion of decomposed straw.

[0068] Test example

[0069] The test plot is a desertification soil test field in Inner Mongolia, in which the soil organic matter content is 2.03%~2.75%, sand is 65.24%~75.33%, physical clay with a particle size less than 0.01mm is 4.21%~5.52%, and physical clay with a particle size less than 0.001mm is 0.25%~1.87%.

[0070] The soil conditioners prepared in Example 1 and Comparative Examples 1 to 3 were applied alone at an application rate of 1000 kg / mu. Three replicates were set for each soil conditioner, each with a size of 5 m×5 m. A blank control group (CK) was also set.

[0071] After applying soil conditioners, each plot was planted with ryegrass of the same specifications, and the same field management measures were adopted during the period. The first mowing was carried out 60 days after planting, and then mowing was carried out every 30 days, for a total of three mowings. The fresh weight of the grass was recorded after each mowing, and the average value was calculated. The collected grass was dried and recorded as the dry weight of the grass, and the average value was calculated. At the same time, after the third mowing, 1m 2 The above-ground part was cleaned, the depth of the excavation was 30 cm, the forage root system was screened out, dried, and the average value was calculated and recorded as the root dry weight. The results are shown in Table 1.

[0072] Table 1

[0073]

[0074] As can be seen from Table 1, after the soil conditioner of Example 1 was applied, forage was planted. Since the conditioner improved the water and fertilizer retention capacity of the soil, and the metabolites of the biological bacteria promoted the growth of forage, the fresh weight and dry weight were significantly higher than those of Comparative Examples 1 to 3, and the root dry weight was 1.84 times, 1.69 times and 1.39 times that of Comparative Examples 1 to 3, respectively. Among them, compared with Comparative Example 1, Example 1 increased soil viscosity and improved soil water retention capacity due to the addition of polyacrylamide, which provided a good metabolic environment for biological bacteria, thereby increasing the root dry weight by 83.7% relative to Comparative Example 1; compared with Comparative Example 2, Example 1 added a composite bacterial agent, whose metabolites promoted the growth of forage, and significantly developed the root system of forage, thereby increasing the root dry weight by 68.7% relative to Comparative Example 2; compared with Comparative Example 3, Example 1 obviously showed that straw charcoal was more conducive to the growth and metabolism of the biological bacterial agent than the decomposed straw, thereby increasing the root dry weight by 38.3% relative to Comparative Example 3.

[0075] The soil of Example 1 and the control group was tested after mowing three times, and the results are shown in Table 2 below.

[0076] Table 2

[0077]

[0078] Compared with the CK control group, it can be seen that the organic matter content of the plot in Example 1 is significantly increased compared with that of the CK group, and the water content is increased by 1.4 times. It can be seen from the EC value of the soil that the minerals in the plot treated in Example 1 are significantly increased compared with the CK group, and the soil compactness is significantly enhanced. This shows that after applying the soil conditioner of the present invention, the soil microenvironment can be improved, the soil structure can be improved, and the soil's water and fertilizer retention capacity can be improved, which is more suitable for crop growth.

[0079] The various embodiments in this specification are described in a progressive manner, and each embodiment focuses on the differences from other embodiments. The same or similar parts between the various embodiments can be referenced to each other.

[0080] The above description of the disclosed embodiments enables one skilled in the art to implement or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be apparent to one skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention will not be limited to the embodiments shown herein, but rather to the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A soil conditioner for desertified vegetation, characterized in that: By mass, the raw materials include: 50-80 parts of straw charcoal, 10-20 parts of humic acid, 2-5 parts of polyacrylamide, 20-25 parts of bentonite and 1-2 parts of composite bacterial agent; The preparation steps of the straw charcoal include: subjecting the activated straw to pyrolysis treatment under low-oxygen conditions, washing it to neutrality and then drying it to obtain the straw charcoal; The activation is to soak the straw in a mixed aqueous solution of potassium hydroxide and triethanolamine for 30 to 60 minutes; the heating rate of the pyrolysis treatment is 3 to 6°C / min, the temperature is 300 to 400°C, and the insulation time is 2 to 3 hours; The composite bacterial agent is formed by mixing Bacillus and mycorrhizal fungi in a volume ratio of 1:1; the particle size of the bentonite is passed through an 80-mesh sieve, and the sieve is taken; The bacillus is bacillus subtilis and / or bacillus jelly, and the bacterial content is not less than 10 10 cfu / mL; the mycorrhizal fungi are surface diverse cysts and / or clear root cysts, and the fungus content is not less than 10 9 cfu / mL.

2. A method for preparing a soil conditioner for desertified vegetation as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the steps include: Sterilize the straw charcoal, humic acid and bentonite and set them aside; The soil improver is obtained by evenly mixing straw charcoal and bentonite and spraying the composite bacterial agent, drying the mixture, adding humic acid and polyacrylamide, and stirring the mixture evenly.

3. The preparation method according to claim 2, characterized in that: The temperature of the sterilization treatment is no higher than 140° C.; the method of the drying treatment is room temperature drying or freeze drying.

4. Use of the soil conditioner as claimed in claim 1 in planting vegetation in desertified soil.

5. The use according to claim 4, characterized in that: The application method is specifically to use it alone or mix it with fertilizer and then scatter it on the soil surface, and then perform rotary tillage treatment, and the rotary tillage depth is 30 to 50 cm.

6. The use according to claim 5, characterized in that: The dosage for single use is 800-1500 kg / mu; the dosage for use after mixing with fertilizer is 200-300 kg / mu.

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