A ventilation device for tunnel construction and use method thereof

Abstract

The present invention provides a ventilation device for tunnel construction and a method of using the device, which belongs to the technical field of tunnel construction. The ventilation device includes a base, a support frame is arranged on the base, an exhaust fan is arranged on the support frame, an extension seat is arranged at one end of the base facing the tunnel, a hollow shell is arranged on the extension seat in the vertical direction, an exhaust pipe of the exhaust fan is connected to the hollow shell, a suction mechanism and a spare suction piece are arranged on the side of the hollow shell away from the exhaust fan, a cleaning component is arranged on the suction mechanism, the suction mechanism is located above the spare suction piece, a first opening for connecting with the suction mechanism and a second opening for connecting with the spare suction piece are opened on the hollow shell, and a switching mechanism for closing the first opening or the second opening is arranged on the hollow shell. The present invention can intercept impurities during the exhaust process to prevent impurities from entering the exhaust fan, and at the same time, it is convenient to clean up the impurities to avoid reducing the exhaust area.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of tunnel construction, and in particular to a ventilation device for tunnel construction and a use method thereof. Background Art

[0002] During the tunnel construction process, the detonation of explosives generates a large amount of harmful gases and dust, the mechanical equipment in the tunnel emits a large amount of exhaust gas, and the stratum emits harmful gases during excavation, which makes the air in the tunnel very dirty. Therefore, ventilation devices are needed for mechanical ventilation. Exhaust ventilation is to place the exhaust fan at the tunnel face to suck the dirty air near the face and discharge it outside the tunnel. It has the advantages of fast smoke exhaust speed and low energy consumption.

[0003] The exhaust ventilation device mainly includes an exhaust fan, an exhaust duct and an exhaust duct. The exhaust duct directly sucks the dirty air near the palm face. Impurities in the dirty air can easily enter the exhaust fan through the exhaust duct, causing impurities to adhere to the blades of the exhaust fan, thereby affecting the exhaust efficiency; therefore, a filter frame is usually set on the exhaust duct to intercept impurities, but when more impurities adhere to the filter frame, the exhaust area will be reduced, which will also affect the exhaust efficiency. Summary of the invention

[0004] The object of the present invention is to provide a ventilation device for tunnel construction, which can intercept impurities during the exhaust process to prevent the impurities from entering the exhaust fan, and at the same time facilitate the cleaning of impurities to avoid a reduction in the exhaust area.

[0005] An embodiment of the present invention is achieved through the following technical scheme: a ventilation device for tunnel construction, comprising a base, a support frame is arranged on the base, an exhaust fan is arranged on the support frame, an extension seat is arranged on one end of the base facing the tunnel, a hollow shell is arranged on the extension seat in the vertical direction, an exhaust pipe of the exhaust fan is connected with the hollow shell, a suction mechanism and a spare suction piece are arranged on the side of the hollow shell away from the exhaust fan, a cleaning assembly is arranged on the suction mechanism, the suction mechanism is located above the spare suction piece, a first opening for communicating with the suction mechanism and a second opening for communicating with the spare suction piece are opened on the hollow shell, and a switching mechanism for closing the first opening or the second opening is arranged on the hollow shell.

[0006] Furthermore, the switching mechanism includes a switching plate and a driving member, the switching plate includes a horizontal part and a vertical part, the horizontal part is slidably arranged in the hollow shell along the height direction of the hollow shell, and the vertical part is arranged at the bottom of the horizontal part and fits with the inner cavity of the hollow shell; the driving member includes two driving electric cylinders, the cylinder barrels of the two driving electric cylinders are respectively fixedly arranged on both sides of the top of the hollow shell, and the piston rods of the driving electric cylinders are fixedly connected to the horizontal part.

[0007] Furthermore, the suction mechanism includes a connecting pipe, a flared suction hopper, a swinging member and a supporting seat, the connecting pipe is a telescopic bellows and one end of the connecting pipe is fixedly connected to the outside of the first opening, the flared suction hopper is arranged at the end of the connecting pipe away from the first opening, and a first filter frame is arranged on the side of the flared suction hopper facing the tunnel, the swinging member and the supporting seat are both arranged between the hollow shell and the flared suction hopper, the swinging member is used to drive the flared suction hopper to swing left and right, and the supporting seat includes a fixed seat and a rotating seat, the fixed seat is fixedly connected to the hollow shell, the rotating seat is rotatably connected to the fixed seat, and the end of the rotating seat away from the fixed seat is connected to the flared suction hopper.

[0008] Furthermore, a positioning rod is slidably arranged in the fixed seat along its own length direction, a positioning groove for inserting the positioning rod is provided in the rotating seat, one end of the positioning rod extends into the hollow shell, and an abutment joint is provided at one end of the positioning rod located in the hollow shell, an arc-shaped surface is provided on the abutment joint, an arc-shaped groove matching the arc-shaped surface is provided on the switching plate, and an elastic member for driving the positioning rod to move in a direction away from the positioning groove is provided on the fixed seat.

[0009] Furthermore, the cleaning assembly includes a cleaning sheet and a connecting seat for supporting the cleaning sheet, the connecting seat is fixedly connected to the bottom of the support seat, the cleaning sheet includes an inclined section for fitting with the inner wall of the expanding suction hopper and a vertical section for fitting with the first filter frame, and a collecting chamber for collecting impurities is provided on the connecting seat and below the expanding suction hopper; the expanding suction hopper is rotatably connected to the connecting pipe, and a support ring is fixedly provided at one end of the support seat facing the expanding suction hopper, the support ring is sleeved on the outside of the expanding suction hopper and cooperates with the expanding suction hopper for rotation, and a driving assembly for driving the expanding suction hopper to rotate is provided on the support seat.

[0010] Furthermore, a touch switch is provided in the positioning groove, and when the positioning rod is inserted into the positioning groove, it can abut against the touch switch and start the driving component.

[0011] Furthermore, the driving assembly includes a driving motor, a driving bevel gear and a driven bevel gear ring, the driving motor is fixedly arranged on a support seat, the driving bevel gear is arranged on an output shaft of the driving motor, and the driven bevel gear ring is fixedly arranged on the outer wall of the flared suction hopper and meshes with the driving bevel gear.

[0012] Furthermore, the swinging member includes a swinging electric cylinder, a first articulated seat, a second articulated seat and a drive ring, the first articulated seat is fixedly arranged on the hollow shell, the drive ring is sleeved on the outside of the flared suction hopper, the second articulated seat is fixedly arranged on the drive ring, the cylinder barrel of the swinging electric cylinder is articulated on the first articulated seat, and the piston rod of the swinging electric cylinder is articulated on the second articulated seat.

[0013] Furthermore, the spare suction component comprises a spare suction hopper, and a second filter screen frame is arranged on the side of the spare suction hopper facing the tunnel face.

[0014] The present invention also provides a method for using a ventilation device for tunnel construction, comprising the following steps:

[0015] S1. Move the base into the tunnel until it is close to the tunnel face, and make the suction mechanism and the spare suction piece face the tunnel face;

[0016] S2, closing the second opening through the switching mechanism, starting the exhaust fan so that the suction mechanism can suck the dirty air near the palm face;

[0017] S3, the first opening is closed by the switching mechanism, the suction mechanism stops working, and the standby suction member starts to suck the dirty air;

[0018] S4, start the cleaning component to clean the dust and impurities attached to the suction mechanism. After the cleaning is completed, the second opening is closed again through the switching mechanism, and the dirty air is continued to be sucked through the suction mechanism.

[0019] The technical solution of the embodiment of the present invention has at least the following advantages and beneficial effects:

[0020] 1. The present invention sets a hollow shell and configures a switching part in the hollow shell, sets a suction mechanism and a spare suction part on one side of the hollow shell, and the suction ends of the suction mechanism and the spare suction part can intercept impurities. When the switching part closes the second opening, the suction mechanism sucks the air, and when the switching mechanism closes the first opening, the spare suction part sucks the air, so that when the cleaning component cleans the suction mechanism, the air suction process can still be carried out synchronously without affecting the cleaning process.

[0021] 2. The present invention arranges a driving assembly on the support seat to drive the expanding suction bucket to rotate with its own axis as the rotation center, so as to facilitate the cleaning process of the expanding suction bucket and the first filter frame; and arranges a swinging member to facilitate driving the expanding suction bucket to swing left and right to increase the working range.

[0022] 3. The present invention arranges a positioning rod in the fixed seat, opens a positioning groove on the rotating seat, and arranges an abutment joint extending to the inside of the hollow shell at the end of the positioning rod. When the switching plate blocks the first opening, the positioning rod can be driven to insert into the positioning groove to fix the rotating seat, thereby ensuring the stability of the overall structure during the subsequent driving component driving the expanding suction bucket to rotate. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0023] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings required for use in the embodiments are briefly introduced below. It should be understood that the following drawings only show certain embodiments of the present invention and therefore should not be regarded as limiting the scope. For ordinary technicians in this field, other related drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative work.

[0024] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the overall structure of the ventilation device for tunnel construction provided by the present invention;

[0025] Figure 2 It is a schematic structural diagram of the suction mechanism, the spare suction member and the hollow shell when the switching mechanism of the present invention closes the second opening;

[0026] Figure 3 It is a structural schematic diagram of the suction mechanism, the spare suction member and the hollow shell when the switching mechanism of the present invention closes the first opening;

[0027] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the suction mechanism, cleaning assembly and switching mechanism of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the driving assembly, the supporting base and the expanding suction hopper of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 6 It is a structural schematic diagram of the swing member of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 7 It is a structural schematic diagram of the support base of the present invention;

[0031] Icon: 1-base, 11-support frame, 12-exhaust fan, 121-exhaust pipe, 13-extension seat, 2-hollow shell, 21-first port, 22-second port, 3-suction mechanism, 31-connecting pipe, 32-expanded suction bucket, 33-swinging member, 331-swinging electric cylinder, 332-first hinge seat, 333-second hinge seat, 334-driving ring, 34-support seat, 341-fixed seat, 3411-positioning rod, 3412-butt joint, 342-rotating seat, 3421-positioning groove, 3422-touch switch, 343-elastic member, 3431-movable Moving block, 3432-elastic sheet, 3433-fixed block, 344-support ring, 35-first filter frame, 36-driving assembly, 361-driving motor, 362-driving bevel gear, 363-driven bevel gear ring, 4-spare suction piece, 41-spare suction bucket, 42-second filter frame, 5-cleaning assembly, 51-cleaning sheet, 511-inclined section, 512-vertical section, 52-connecting seat, 521-collecting chamber, 6-switching mechanism, 61-switching plate, 611-horizontal part, 612-vertical part, 613-arc groove, 62-driving piece, 621-driving electric cylinder. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0032] In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Generally, the components of the embodiments of the present invention described and shown in the drawings here can be arranged and designed in various different configurations.

[0033] Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention provided in the accompanying drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the invention claimed for protection, but merely represents selected embodiments of the present invention. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0034] Example 1

[0035] The following reference Figure 1-Figure 7 As shown, further described in conjunction with specific embodiments, refer to Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3The present invention is a ventilation device for tunnel construction, comprising a base 1, a support frame 11 is arranged on the base 1, an exhaust fan 12 is installed on the support frame 11, an extension seat 13 is arranged at one end of the base 1 facing the tunnel, a hollow shell 2 is installed on the extension seat 13 in the vertical direction, an exhaust pipe 121 of the exhaust fan 12 is connected to the hollow shell 2, a suction mechanism 3 and a spare suction piece 4 are arranged on the side of the hollow shell 2 away from the exhaust fan 12, the suction mechanism 3 is located above the spare suction piece 4, a cleaning component 5 is arranged on the suction mechanism 3, a first opening 21 for communicating with the suction mechanism 3 and a second opening 22 for communicating with the spare suction piece 4 are opened on the hollow shell 2, and a switching mechanism 6 for closing the first opening 21 or the second opening 22 is arranged on the hollow shell 2.

[0036] When the switching mechanism 6 closes the second opening 22, the suction mechanism 3 sucks the dirty air; when there are many impurities attached to the suction mechanism 3, the state of the switching mechanism 6 is changed and the first opening 21 is closed, and then the impurities attached to the suction mechanism 3 are cleaned by the cleaning component 5. During the cleaning process, the suction mechanism 3 will not suck the surrounding air, so the impurities will not fly around in the suction mechanism 3; at the same time, since the standby suction component 4 can continue to suck the dirty air during the cleaning process, the efficiency of the entire ventilation process will not be affected.

[0037] Reference Figure 4 The switching mechanism 6 includes a switching plate 61 and a driving member 62. The switching plate 61 is formed by an integrally formed horizontal portion 611 and a vertical portion 612. The horizontal portion 611 is slidably arranged in the hollow shell 2 along the height direction of the hollow shell 2, and the width of the horizontal portion 611 is consistent with the width of the inner cavity of the hollow shell 2. The vertical portion 612 is located on one side of the bottom of the horizontal portion 611 and fits with the inner cavity of the hollow shell 2; the driving member 62 includes two driving electric cylinders 621. The cylinder barrels of the two driving electric cylinders 621 are respectively fixedly arranged on both sides of the top of the hollow shell 2, and the piston rods of the driving electric cylinders 621 are fixedly connected to the horizontal portion 611. In the initial state, the piston rod of the driving electric cylinder 621 extends to the outside of the cylinder, and the vertical portion 612 closes the second opening 22. At this time, only the suction mechanism 3 is in a working state; when it is necessary to clean the impurities attached to the suction mechanism 3, the driving electric cylinder 621 is started and the piston rod of the driving electric cylinder 621 is moved into the cylinder, driving the switching plate 61 to move upward as a whole to close the first opening 21. At this time, the second opening 22 is open, and the standby suction member 4 is in a working state.

[0038] Reference Figure 4 , Figure 5The suction mechanism 3 includes a connecting pipe 31, an expanding suction bucket 32, a swinging member 33 and a supporting seat 34. The connecting pipe 31 is a telescopic bellows and one end of the connecting pipe 31 is fixedly connected to the outside of the first through-port 21. The expanding suction bucket 32 ​​is installed at the end of the connecting pipe 31 away from the first through-port 21. A first filter screen frame 35 is provided on the side of the expanding suction bucket 32 ​​facing the tunnel. The swinging member 33 and the supporting seat 34 are both arranged between the hollow shell 2 and the expanding suction bucket 32. The swinging member 33 is used to drive the expanding suction bucket 32 ​​to swing left and right. The supporting seat 34 includes a fixed seat 341 and a rotating seat 342. The fixed seat 341 is fixedly connected to the hollow shell 2, and the rotating seat 342 is rotatably connected to the fixed seat 341. The end of the rotating seat 342 away from the fixed seat 341 is connected to the expanding suction bucket 32. Under the action of the swinging member 33, the expanded suction hopper 32 can swing left and right to change the suction position, thereby increasing the working range. The use of a telescopic bellows as the connecting pipe 31 can adapt to changes in the position of the expanded suction hopper 32. The support seat 34 can limit the position of the expanded suction hopper 32 during the swinging process of the expanded suction hopper 32, thereby improving the reliability of the overall structure.

[0039] Reference Figure 1 The standby suction member 4 includes a standby suction hopper 41, which is fixedly mounted on the hollow shell 2 and located outside the second opening 22. A second filter screen frame 42 is mounted on the side of the standby suction hopper 41 facing the tunnel face. It should be noted that the suction mechanism 3 is in working state most of the time during the operation, and the actual use time of the standby suction member 4 is not long. A lot of impurities will not accumulate on the second filter screen frame 42, so there is no need to clean it during the operation, and it only needs to be cleaned after the operation is completed.

[0040] Reference Figure 1 , Figure 4The cleaning assembly 5 includes a cleaning sheet 51 and a connecting seat 52 for supporting the cleaning sheet 51, the connecting seat 52 is welded to the bottom of the support seat 34, the cleaning sheet 51 includes an inclined section 511 for fitting with the inner wall of the expanded suction hopper 32 and a vertical section 512 for fitting with the first filter frame 35, and a collecting chamber 521 for collecting impurities is provided on the connecting seat 52 and below the expanded suction hopper 32; the expanded suction hopper 32 is rotatably connected to the connecting pipe 31, and a support ring 344 is fixedly provided at one end of the support seat 34 facing the expanded suction hopper 32, the support ring 344 is sleeved on the outside of the expanded suction hopper 32 and rotatably cooperates with the expanded suction hopper 32, and a driving assembly 36 for driving the expanded suction hopper 32 to rotate is provided on the support seat 34. During the operation of the suction mechanism 3, since the cleaning sheet 51 is in sheet shape, it will not affect the air suction process; when it is necessary to clean the impurities on the flared suction hopper 32 and the first filter screen frame 35, the driving component 36 drives the flared suction hopper 32 to rotate around its own axis, and a relative movement is generated between the flared suction hopper 32 and the cleaning sheet 51. The vertical section 512 of the cleaning sheet 51 can scrape off the impurities attached to the first filter screen frame 35, and the inclined section 511 can scrape off the impurities attached to the inner wall of the flared suction hopper 32. The scraped impurities fall out of the flared suction hopper 32 under the action of gravity, and the collecting chamber 521 opened on the connecting seat 52 can collect the fallen impurities.

[0041] Reference Figure 5 The driving assembly 36 includes a driving motor 361, a driving bevel gear 362 and a driven bevel gear ring 363. The driving motor 361 is fixedly arranged on the support seat 34, the driving bevel gear 362 is arranged on the output shaft of the driving motor 361, and the driven bevel gear ring 363 is fixedly arranged on the outer wall of the expanded suction bucket 32 ​​and meshes with the driving bevel gear 362. When the driving motor 361 is started to drive the driving bevel gear 362 to rotate, the driven bevel gear ring 363 can drive the expanded suction bucket 32 ​​to rotate with its own axis direction as the rotation center, so that the expanded suction bucket 32 ​​and the cleaning sheet 51 have relative movement, so that the cleaning sheet 51 can clean the impurities on the inner wall of the expanded suction bucket 32 ​​and the first filter frame 35.

[0042] Reference Figure 4 , Figure 6The swing member 33 includes a swing electric cylinder 331, a first hinge seat 332, a second hinge seat 333 and a drive ring 334. The first hinge seat 332 is welded on the hollow shell 2, the drive ring 334 is sleeved on the outside of the expanded suction bucket 32, the second hinge seat 333 is welded on the drive ring 334, the cylinder barrel of the swing electric cylinder 331 is hinged on the first hinge seat 332, and the piston rod of the swing electric cylinder 331 is hinged on the second hinge seat 333. Starting the swing electric cylinder 331 can drive the drive ring 334 to move. Since the drive ring 334 is sleeved on the expanded suction bucket 32, when the swing electric cylinder 331 applies a pulling force or a thrust force to the drive ring 334, the drive ring 334 can drive the expanded suction bucket 32 ​​to swing, thereby changing the position of the open end of the expanded suction bucket 32 ​​to increase the suction range of the surrounding air.

[0043] Reference Figure 5 , Figure 7 A positioning rod 3411 is slidably arranged in the fixed seat 341 along its length direction, a positioning groove 3421 for inserting the positioning rod 3411 is provided in the rotating seat 342, one end of the positioning rod 3411 extends into the hollow shell 2, and an abutment joint 3412 is provided at one end of the positioning rod 3411 located in the hollow shell 2, and an arc surface is provided on the abutment joint 3412, and an arc groove 613 adapted to the arc surface is provided on the switching plate 61 (refer to Figure 4 ), an elastic member 343 is provided on the fixed seat 341 for driving the positioning rod 3411 to move in a direction away from the positioning groove 3421. When the suction mechanism 3 needs to be cleaned, the expanding suction bucket 32 ​​is first moved back to the initial position by swinging the electric cylinder 331, that is, the position when the axial direction of the expanding suction bucket 32 ​​is consistent with the axial direction of the connecting pipe 31, and then the switching plate 61 is driven by the electric cylinder 621 to move upward and close the first opening 21. During the movement, the switching plate 61 can apply a thrust to the abutment 3412, so that the positioning rod 3411 is inserted into the positioning groove 3421 to position the rotating seat 342, thereby ensuring that the rotating seat 342 will not rotate, and to a certain extent, ensuring that the rotating seat 342 has high stability and will not shake during the process of the driving component 36 driving the expanding suction bucket 32 ​​to rotate. After the cleaning process is completed, the switching plate 61 is driven by the electric cylinder 621 to move downward and leave the first opening 21. When the switching plate 61 is separated from the abutment head 3412, the positioning rod 3411 moves out of the positioning groove 3421 under the action of the elastic member 343, thereby releasing the limiting effect on the rotating seat 342, so that the expanding suction bucket 32 ​​can swing under the action of the swinging member 33, and the rotating seat 342 can rotate accordingly to adapt to the change in the position of the expanding suction bucket 32.

[0044] Reference Figure 7The elastic member 343 includes a moving block 3431, an elastic sheet 3432 and a fixed block 3433. The moving block 3431 is welded on the positioning rod 3411 and extends out of the fixed seat 341. The fixed seat 341 is provided with a sliding groove for the moving block 3431 to slide. The fixed block 3433 is welded on one side of the fixed seat 341 outside the sliding groove. The elastic sheet 3432 is connected between the moving block 3431 and the fixed block 3433. When not affected by external force, the end of the positioning rod 3411 facing the positioning slot 3421 is located outside the positioning slot 3421. When the abutment joint 3412 is pressed by the switching plate 61, it drives the positioning rod 3411 to be inserted into the positioning slot 3421. When the switching plate 61 is separated from the abutment joint 3412, the elastic sheet 3432 can apply a pulling force to the moving block 3431 in the process of restoring the initial state under the action of its own elastic force, so that the moving block 3431 drives the positioning rod 3411 to move out of the positioning slot 3421.

[0045] Furthermore, a touch switch 3422 is provided in the positioning groove 3421. When the positioning rod 3411 is inserted into the positioning groove 3421, it can abut against the touch switch 3422 and turn on the driving motor 361, so that the driving motor 361 drives the active bevel gear 362 to rotate, so that the driven bevel gear ring 363 drives the flaring suction bucket 32 ​​to rotate around its own axis direction, thereby facilitating the cleaning component 5 to realize the cleaning process of the flaring suction bucket 32.

[0046] This embodiment also provides a method for using a ventilation device for tunnel construction, comprising the following steps:

[0047] S1, move the base 1 into the tunnel until it is close to the tunnel face, and make the suction mechanism 3 and the spare suction member 4 face the tunnel face;

[0048] S2, closing the second opening 22 through the switching mechanism 6, starting the exhaust fan 12 to allow the suction mechanism 3 to suck the dirty air near the palm face;

[0049] S3, the first opening 21 is closed by the switching mechanism 6, the suction mechanism 3 stops working, and the standby suction member 4 starts to suck the dirty air;

[0050] S4, start the cleaning component 5 to clean the dust and impurities attached to the suction mechanism 3. After the cleaning is completed, the second opening 22 is closed again through the switching mechanism 6, and the dirty air is continued to be sucked through the suction mechanism 3.

[0051] The above are only preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. For those skilled in the art, the present invention may have various modifications and variations. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A ventilation device for tunnel construction, characterized in that: The invention comprises a base (1), a support frame (11) being arranged on the base (1), an exhaust fan (12) being arranged on the support frame (11), an extension seat (13) being arranged at one end of the base (1) facing the tunnel, a hollow shell (2) being arranged on the extension seat (13) in a vertical direction, an exhaust pipe (121) of the exhaust fan (12) being connected to the hollow shell (2), and a suction mechanism (121) being arranged on a side of the hollow shell (2) away from the exhaust fan (12). 3) and a spare suction piece (4), the suction mechanism (3) being provided with a cleaning assembly (5), the suction mechanism (3) being located above the spare suction piece (4), the hollow shell (2) being provided with a first opening (21) for communicating with the suction mechanism (3) and a second opening (22) for communicating with the spare suction piece (4), the hollow shell (2) being provided with a switching mechanism (6) for closing the first opening (21) or the second opening (22); The switching mechanism (6) comprises a switching plate (61) and a driving member (62); the switching plate (61) comprises a horizontal portion (611) and a vertical portion (612); the horizontal portion (611) is slidably arranged in the hollow shell (2) along the height direction of the hollow shell (2); the vertical portion (612) is arranged at the bottom of the horizontal portion (611) and fits with the inner cavity of the hollow shell (2); the driving member (62) comprises two driving electric cylinders (621); the cylinder barrels of the two driving electric cylinders (621) are respectively fixedly arranged on both sides of the top of the hollow shell (2); and the piston rods of the driving electric cylinders (621) are both fixedly connected to the horizontal portion (611); The suction mechanism (3) comprises a connecting pipe (31), an expanded suction hopper (32), a swinging member (33) and a support seat (34); the connecting pipe (31) is a telescopic bellows and one end of the connecting pipe (31) is fixedly connected to the outside of the first through-port (21); the expanded suction hopper (32) is arranged at an end of the connecting pipe (31) away from the first through-port (21); a first filter screen frame (35) is arranged on the side of the expanded suction hopper (32) facing the tunnel; the swinging member (33) and the support seat (34) are arranged between the hollow shell (2) and the expanding suction hopper (32), the swinging member (33) is used to drive the expanding suction hopper (32) to swing left and right, the supporting seat (34) comprises a fixed seat (341) and a rotating seat (342), the fixed seat (341) is fixedly connected to the hollow shell (2), the rotating seat (342) is rotatably connected to the fixed seat (341), and one end of the rotating seat (342) away from the fixed seat (341) is connected to the expanding suction hopper (32); A positioning rod (3411) is slidably arranged in the fixed seat (341) along its length direction, a positioning groove (3421) for inserting the positioning rod (3411) is provided in the rotating seat (342), one end of the positioning rod (3411) extends into the hollow shell (2), an abutment joint (3412) is provided at one end of the positioning rod (3411) located in the hollow shell (2), an arc-shaped surface is provided on the abutment joint (3412), an arc-shaped groove (613) adapted to the arc-shaped surface is provided on the switching plate (61), and an elastic member (343) for driving the positioning rod (3411) to move in a direction away from the positioning groove (3421) is provided on the fixed seat (341); The cleaning assembly (5) comprises a cleaning sheet (51) and a connecting seat (52) for supporting the cleaning sheet (51); the connecting seat (52) is fixedly connected to the bottom of the supporting seat (34); the cleaning sheet (51) comprises an inclined section (511) for fitting with the inner side wall of the expanded suction hopper (32) and a vertical section (512) for fitting with the first filter screen frame (35); a connecting seat (52) is provided below the expanded suction hopper (32) A collecting chamber (521) is provided for collecting impurities; the flaring suction hopper (32) is rotatably connected to the connecting pipe (31); a support ring (344) is fixedly provided on one end of the support seat (34) facing the flaring suction hopper (32); the support ring (344) is sleeved on the outside of the flaring suction hopper (32) and rotatably cooperates with the flaring suction hopper (32); a driving component (36) for driving the flaring suction hopper (32) to rotate is provided on the support seat (34).

2. The ventilation device for tunnel construction according to claim 1, characterized in that: A touch switch (3422) is arranged in the positioning groove (3421), and when the positioning rod (3411) is inserted into the positioning groove (3421), it can abut against the touch switch (3422) and start the driving component (36).

3. The ventilation device for tunnel construction according to claim 1, characterized in that: The driving assembly (36) comprises a driving motor (361), a driving bevel gear (362) and a driven bevel gear ring (363); the driving motor (361) is fixedly arranged on a support seat (34); the driving bevel gear (362) is arranged on an output shaft of the driving motor (361); and the driven bevel gear ring (363) is fixedly arranged on an outer wall of the expanded suction hopper (32) and meshes with the driving bevel gear (362).

4. The ventilation device for tunnel construction according to claim 1, characterized in that: The swing member (33) comprises a swing electric cylinder (331), a first hinged seat (332), a second hinged seat (333) and a drive ring (334); the first hinged seat (332) is fixedly arranged on the hollow shell (2); the drive ring (334) is sleeved on the outside of the expanded suction bucket (32); the second hinged seat (333) is fixedly arranged on the drive ring (334); the cylinder barrel of the swing electric cylinder (331) is hingedly arranged on the first hinged seat (332); and the piston rod of the swing electric cylinder (331) is hingedly arranged on the second hinged seat (333).

5. The ventilation device for tunnel construction according to claim 1, characterized in that: The standby suction member (4) comprises a standby suction bucket (41), and a second filter screen frame (42) is arranged on the side of the standby suction bucket (41) facing the tunnel face.

6. The method for using the ventilation device for tunnel construction according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1, moving the base (1) into the tunnel until it is close to the tunnel face, and making the suction mechanism (3) and the spare suction member (4) face the tunnel face; S2, closing the second opening (22) through the switching mechanism (6), and starting the exhaust fan (12) so that the suction mechanism (3) can suck the dirty air near the palm face; S3, the first opening (21) is closed by the switching mechanism (6), the suction mechanism (3) stops working, and the standby suction member (4) starts to suck the dirty air; S4, starting the cleaning component (5) to clean the dust and impurities attached to the suction mechanism (3), and after the cleaning is completed, the second opening (22) is closed again through the switching mechanism (6), and the dirty air is continued to be sucked through the suction mechanism (3).

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