Hydrogen internal combustion engine hydrogen concentration control system, engine and hydrogen concentration control method

Abstract

The present invention relates to the technical field of hydrogen engines, and in particular to a hydrogen concentration control system, an engine and a hydrogen concentration control method for a hydrogen internal combustion engine. The hydrogen concentration control system for a hydrogen internal combustion engine includes an air intake, at least two air storage units, at least two detection components, an air outlet and a control device, wherein the air intake includes a gas diverter, the gas diverter includes an air inlet and at least two diverter ports, and the inlets of at least two air storage units are connected to the at least two diverter ports in a one-to-one correspondence, each air storage unit is connected to a detection component, and the detection component is used to detect the storage capacity of the air storage unit, the air outlet includes an oxidation catalyst, and the outlets of at least two air storage units are connected to the inlet of the oxidation catalyst, and the control device is electrically connected to the gas diverter and the detection component, respectively. In this embodiment, the control device automatically adjusts the opening of the gas diverter according to the detection results, so that the gas distribution is more accurate, thereby achieving efficient control of the hydrogen concentration.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of hydrogen engines, and in particular to a hydrogen concentration control system, an engine and a hydrogen concentration control method for a hydrogen internal combustion engine. Background Art

[0002] The Hydrogen-Internal Combustion Engine (H2-ICE) is an internal combustion engine that uses hydrogen as fuel. Since it does not use carbon-containing fuels, theoretically, it does not produce greenhouse gases and pollutants such as carbon dioxide, particulate matter, and carbon monoxide during the combustion process. Therefore, it is considered a clean power system. However, hydrogen internal combustion engines have significant challenges in combustion stability, and their combustion is not as stable as traditional diesel or gasoline. In the case of incomplete combustion or misfire, the risk of hydrogen deflagration is extremely high, especially when the hydrogen concentration in the air reaches 4-70%, it is very easy to explode.

[0003] The use of hydrogen in engines faces many safety risks, especially the flammable, explosive and diffusible properties of hydrogen, which makes it very easy for hydrogen to enter the crankcase through the gaps in the engine cylinder or the piston rings, thereby increasing the risk of deflagration. For this reason, the design of hydrogen internal combustion engines must pay special attention to the leakage and enrichment of hydrogen, and take effective control measures to avoid the risk of external deflagration caused by hydrogen leakage to the outside, and to prevent the risk of internal deflagration during the hydrogen purification or dilution process.

[0004] In the existing technologies, the safety control measures for hydrogen are mostly concentration monitoring, dilution and alarm, but these measures often have certain limitations, such as the dilution system is complex and has restrictions on application scenarios, and it is impossible to completely remove hydrogen. These problems have a certain impact on the safety of hydrogen internal combustion engines in practical applications. Summary of the invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to at least solve the problem that the hydrogen concentration cannot be effectively controlled, and this purpose is achieved through the following technical solutions:

[0006] The first aspect of the present invention provides a hydrogen concentration control system for a hydrogen internal combustion engine, comprising:

[0007] An air inlet, the air inlet comprising a gas diverter device, the gas diverter device comprising an air inlet and at least two diverter ports;

[0008] At least two gas storage parts, the number of the gas storage parts is the same as the number of the diversion ports, and the inlets of at least two of the gas storage parts are connected to the at least two of the diversion ports in a one-to-one correspondence, and the gas storage parts are used to store hydrogen and oxygen;

[0009] At least two detection components, each gas storage unit is connected to one detection component, and the detection component is used to detect the storage capacity of the gas storage unit;

[0010] An air outlet portion, the air outlet portion comprising an oxidation catalyst, and outlets of at least two of the air storage portions are both connected to an inlet of the oxidation catalyst;

[0011] A control device, wherein the control device is electrically connected to the gas diversion device and the detection component respectively, and the control device is used to adjust the opening of the diversion port corresponding to the gas storage part according to the storage capacity of each gas storage part.

[0012] According to the hydrogen concentration control system of the hydrogen internal combustion engine of the present invention, the gas containing hydrogen first enters the air intake part of the system. The gas diverter device of the air intake part guides the gas to at least two diverter ports, and each diverter port guides the gas to the corresponding gas storage part respectively. The gas enters at least two gas storage parts through the diverter ports, and the gas storage parts are used to store hydrogen and oxygen. Each gas storage part is equipped with a detection component to monitor the storage capacity of the gas storage part (i.e., the concentration of hydrogen and oxygen) in real time. The detection component transmits the storage capacity information of each gas storage part to the control device. The control device automatically adjusts the diverter port opening of the gas diverter device according to the detected storage capacity data to ensure that the storage capacity of each gas storage part remains within the set range. This stage ensures the effective management of the hydrogen concentration by the system to prevent the hydrogen concentration in the gas storage part from being too high or too low. When the gas is discharged from the gas storage part, it enters the gas outlet part through the outlet. The gas outlet includes an oxidation catalyst, and the discharged gas first enters the oxidation catalyst. In the oxidation catalyst, hydrogen and oxygen undergo an oxidation catalytic reaction to generate harmless water, thereby purifying the gas, reducing the hydrogen concentration, and avoiding safety risks. The hydrogen concentration of the gas treated by the oxidation catalyst has dropped to a safe range, and the system can safely discharge the gas to the external environment, or import it into the next-level processing device according to specific needs. The present invention uses a gas diversion device to introduce the gas containing hydrogen into multiple gas storage parts respectively, and monitors the storage amount of hydrogen and oxygen in the gas storage part in real time through a detection component. According to the detection results, the control device automatically adjusts the opening of the gas diversion device to make the gas distribution more accurate, thereby achieving efficient control of the hydrogen concentration, avoiding excessive accumulation or leakage of hydrogen, and reducing the risk of deflagration. At the same time, the control device can dynamically adjust the opening of the diversion port according to the actual storage amount in the gas storage part through electrical connection with the gas diversion device and the detection component, ensuring that the gas storage part can be in the best working state under different working conditions. This intelligent control method not only improves the response speed and work efficiency of the system, but also ensures the safety and stability of the system during long-term operation. In addition, the present invention uses multiple gas storage units to work in parallel, and connects the diversion ports to the gas storage units in a one-to-one correspondence, thereby realizing a multi-channel parallel gas processing solution. Even if a problem occurs in a gas storage unit, the system can still continue to work through other gas storage units, thereby improving the reliability and fault tolerance of the system.

[0013] In addition, the hydrogen concentration control system for a hydrogen internal combustion engine according to the present invention may also have the following additional technical features:

[0014] In some embodiments of the present invention, the hydrogen concentration control system of the hydrogen internal combustion engine also includes at least two heating parts, at least two of the heating parts are connected to at least two of the gas storage parts in a one-to-one correspondence, at least two of the heating parts are electrically connected to the control device, and the heating parts are used to increase the temperature of the gas storage parts.

[0015] In some embodiments of the present invention, the air storage unit includes an air intake pump, an oxygen storage device and a hydrogen storage device connected in sequence, the inlet of the air intake pump is connected to the diversion port, and the outlet of the air intake pump is connected to the oxygen storage device.

[0016] In some embodiments of the present invention, the detection assembly includes a front oxygen concentration sensor and a rear oxygen concentration sensor, along the direction from the air intake pump to the hydrogen storage, the front oxygen concentration sensor is arranged before the oxygen storage, and the rear oxygen concentration sensor is arranged between the oxygen storage and the hydrogen storage;

[0017] And / or, the detection component includes a front hydrogen concentration sensor and a rear hydrogen concentration sensor, along the direction from the air intake pump to the hydrogen storage, the front hydrogen concentration sensor is arranged between the oxygen storage and the hydrogen storage, and the rear hydrogen concentration sensor is arranged after the hydrogen storage.

[0018] In some embodiments of the present invention, the gas outlet portion further includes a terminal hydrogen concentration sensor, and the terminal hydrogen concentration sensor is connected to the outlet of the oxidation catalyst.

[0019] In some embodiments of the present invention, the hydrogen concentration control system of the hydrogen internal combustion engine further includes a first temperature sensor and a second temperature sensor, wherein the first temperature sensor is disposed at the inlet of the gas storage portion, and the second temperature sensor is disposed at the outlet of the oxidation catalyst.

[0020] A second aspect of the present invention provides a hydrogen concentration control method, which is implemented according to the above-mentioned hydrogen concentration control system for a hydrogen internal combustion engine, and comprises the following steps:

[0021] Obtaining the storage capacity of the gas storage unit;

[0022] determining whether the storage amount is greater than a regeneration limit value;

[0023] According to the storage amount being greater than the regeneration limit value, the opening degree of the diverter port is reduced.

[0024] In some embodiments of the present invention, the step of adjusting the opening of the diverter port according to the storage amount being greater than the regeneration limit value further includes:

[0025] The heating unit is controlled to operate so as to increase the temperature of the gas storage unit.

[0026] In some embodiments of the present invention, obtaining the storage capacity of the gas storage unit includes:

[0027] respectively obtaining the oxygen storage capacity of the oxygen storage device and the hydrogen storage capacity of the hydrogen storage device;

[0028] Further, determining whether the storage amount is greater than a regeneration limit value includes:

[0029] determining whether the oxygen storage amount is greater than the first regeneration limit value or determining whether the hydrogen storage amount is greater than the second regeneration limit value;

[0030] and reducing the opening of the diverter port according to the oxygen storage amount being greater than a first regeneration limit value or the hydrogen storage amount being greater than the second regeneration limit value.

[0031] A third aspect of the present invention provides an engine, comprising:

[0032] Crankcase;

[0033] According to the above-mentioned hydrogen concentration control system for a hydrogen internal combustion engine, the air intake port of the hydrogen concentration control system for a hydrogen internal combustion engine is communicated with the crankcase. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0034] Various other advantages and benefits will become apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art by reading the detailed description of the preferred embodiments below. The accompanying drawings are only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments and are not to be considered as limiting the present invention. Moreover, the same reference numerals are used throughout the accompanying drawings to represent the same components. In the accompanying drawings:

[0035] Figure 1 The structure diagram of the hydrogen concentration control system of a hydrogen internal combustion engine according to an embodiment of the present invention is schematically shown;

[0036] Figure 2 is a flow chart of the hydrogen concentration control method of this embodiment;

[0037] Figure 3 Flow chart of branch control of the hydrogen concentration control method of this embodiment;

[0038] Figure 4 This is a flow chart of the trunk control of the hydrogen concentration control method according to the present embodiment.

[0039] The reference numerals are as follows:

[0040] 100. Hydrogen concentration control system for hydrogen internal combustion engines;

[0041] 10. Gas storage unit; 11. Oxygen storage device; 12. Hydrogen storage device; 13. Air intake pump;

[0042] 20. Gas diversion device; 21. First diversion port; 22. Second diversion port;

[0043] 30. Detection component; 31. Front oxygen concentration sensor; 32. Rear oxygen concentration sensor; 33. Front hydrogen concentration sensor; 34. Rear hydrogen concentration sensor;

[0044] 40. oxidation catalyst; 50. heating unit; 51. first electric heating layer; 52. second electric heating layer; 60. terminal hydrogen concentration sensor; 70. first filter; 80. air supply pump; 81. second filter; 90. first temperature sensor; 91. second temperature sensor;

[0045] 201. Hydrogen-containing gas; 202. Air. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0046] The exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Although the exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure are shown in the accompanying drawings, it should be understood that the present disclosure can be implemented in various forms and should not be limited by the embodiments described herein. On the contrary, these embodiments are provided in order to enable a more thorough understanding of the present disclosure and to fully convey the scope of the present disclosure to those skilled in the art.

[0047] It should be understood that the terms used herein are only for the purpose of describing specific example embodiments and are not intended to be limiting. Unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, the singular forms "one", "an" and "said" as used herein may also be meant to include plural forms. The terms "include", "comprise", "contain", and "have" are inclusive, and therefore specify the existence of stated features, steps, operations, elements and / or parts, but do not exclude the existence or addition of one or more other features, steps, operations, elements, parts, and / or combinations thereof. The method steps, processes, and operations described herein are not interpreted as necessarily requiring them to be performed in the specific order described or illustrated, unless the execution order is clearly indicated. It should also be understood that additional or alternative steps may be used.

[0048] Although the terms first, second, third, etc. can be used in the text to describe multiple elements, components, regions, layers and / or sections, these elements, components, regions, layers and / or sections should not be limited by these terms. These terms can only be used to distinguish an element, component, region, layer or section from another region, layer or section. Unless the context clearly indicates, terms such as "first", "second" and other numerical terms do not imply order or sequence when used in the text. Therefore, the first element, component, region, layer or section discussed below can be referred to as the second element, component, region, layer or section without departing from the teaching of the example embodiments.

[0049] For ease of description, spatial relative terms may be used herein to describe the relationship of one element or feature relative to another element or feature as shown in the figure, such as "inside", "outside", "inner side", "outer side", "below", "below", "above", "above", etc. Such spatial relative terms are intended to include different orientations of the device in use or operation in addition to the orientation depicted in the figure. For example, if the device in the figure is turned over, then the element described as "below other elements or features" or "below other elements or features" will subsequently be oriented as "above other elements or features" or "above other elements or features". Therefore, the example term "below..." can include both above and below orientations.

[0050] like Figure 1 As shown, according to an embodiment of the present invention, a hydrogen concentration control system 100 for a hydrogen internal combustion engine is proposed, comprising an air intake, at least two air storages 10, at least two detection components 30, an air outlet and a control device, wherein the air intake comprises a gas diverter 20, the gas diverter 20 comprises an air inlet and at least two diverter ports, the number of the air storages 10 is the same as the number of the diverter ports, and the inlets of at least two air storages 10 are connected to the at least two diverter ports in a one-to-one correspondence, the air storages 10 are used to store hydrogen and oxygen, each air storage 10 is connected to a detection component 30, the detection component 30 is used to detect the storage capacity of the air storage 10 (including the hydrogen storage capacity and the oxygen storage capacity, respectively), the air outlet comprises an oxidation catalyst 40, the outlets of at least two air storages 10 are connected to the inlet of the oxidation catalyst 40, the control device is electrically connected to the gas diverter 20 and the detection component 30, respectively, and the control device is used to adjust the opening of the diverter port corresponding to the air storage 10 according to the storage capacity of each air storage 10.

[0051] According to the hydrogen concentration control system 100 of the hydrogen internal combustion engine of the present embodiment, the gas containing hydrogen first enters the air intake of the system. The gas diverter 20 of the air intake guides the gas to at least two diverter ports, and each diverter port introduces the gas into the corresponding gas storage portion 10 respectively. The gas enters at least two gas storage portions 10 through the diverter ports, and the gas storage portions 10 are used to store hydrogen and oxygen. Each gas storage portion 10 is equipped with a detection component 30 to monitor the storage capacity of the gas storage portion 10 (i.e., the concentration of hydrogen and oxygen) in real time. The detection component 30 transmits the storage capacity information of each gas storage portion 10 to the control device. The control device automatically adjusts the diverter port opening of the gas diverter 20 according to the detected storage capacity data to ensure that the storage capacity of each gas storage portion 10 remains within the set range. This stage ensures the effective management of the hydrogen concentration by the system to prevent the hydrogen concentration in the gas storage portion 10 from being too high or too low. When the gas is discharged from the gas storage portion 10, it enters the gas outlet through the outlet. The gas outlet includes an oxidation catalyst 40, and the exhausted gas first enters the oxidation catalyst 40. In the oxidation catalyst 40, hydrogen and oxygen undergo an oxidation catalytic reaction to generate harmless water, thereby purifying the gas, reducing the hydrogen concentration, and avoiding safety risks. The hydrogen concentration of the gas treated by the oxidation catalyst 40 has dropped to a safe range, and the system can safely discharge the gas to the external environment, or import it into the next-level processing device according to specific needs. The present invention uses a gas diversion device 20 to introduce the gas containing hydrogen into multiple gas storage parts 10 respectively, and monitors the storage amount of hydrogen and oxygen in the gas storage part 10 in real time through a detection component 30. According to the detection results, the control device automatically adjusts the opening of the gas diversion device 20 to make the gas distribution more accurate, thereby achieving efficient control of the hydrogen concentration, avoiding excessive accumulation or leakage of hydrogen, and reducing the risk of deflagration. At the same time, the control device can dynamically adjust the opening of the diversion port according to the actual storage capacity in the gas storage section 10 through electrical connection with the gas diversion device 20 and the detection component 30, thereby ensuring that the gas storage section 10 is in the best working state under different working conditions. This intelligent control method not only improves the response speed and work efficiency of the system, but also ensures the safety and stability of the system during long-term operation. In addition, the present invention adopts multiple gas storage sections 10 to work in parallel, and realizes a multi-channel parallel gas processing solution through a one-to-one connection between the diversion port and the gas storage section 10. Even if a problem occurs in a certain gas storage section 10, the system can still continue to work through other gas storage sections 10, thereby improving the reliability and fault tolerance of the system.

[0052] In some embodiments, the gas outlet further includes an air supply pump 80, and the outlet of the air supply pump 80 is connected to the inlet of the oxidation catalyst 40, and the air supply pump 80 is used to provide oxygen to the oxidation catalyst 40. Specifically, when hydrogen is discharged from the gas storage unit 10 and enters the oxidation catalyst 40, the air supply pump 80 will simultaneously inject an appropriate amount of oxygen into the oxidation catalyst 40. This design can pre-adjust the supply of oxygen before the gas enters the oxidation catalyst 40, ensure that hydrogen and oxygen are mixed in the oxidation catalyst 40 in an optimal ratio, and perform a sufficient oxidation reaction to convert hydrogen into harmless water. By configuring the air supply pump 80 at the gas outlet, this embodiment can dynamically adjust the supply of oxygen according to the flow rate and concentration of hydrogen, ensuring that there is enough oxygen in the oxidation catalyst 40 for reaction. This can effectively improve the efficiency of the oxidation reaction, ensure that hydrogen can be completely converted, reduce the emission of unburned hydrogen, and further reduce safety risks. At the same time, since the concentration and flow rate of hydrogen may change in actual applications, the design of the air supply pump 80 enables this embodiment to flexibly respond to the hydrogen processing requirements under different working conditions. Regardless of whether the hydrogen concentration is high or low, the air supply pump 80 can control the supply of oxygen to ensure that the oxidation catalyst 40 is always in the best working state, thereby improving the adaptability and stability of the system.

[0053] In some embodiments, the hydrogen concentration control system 100 of the hydrogen internal combustion engine also includes at least two heating parts 50, at least two heating parts 50 are connected to at least two gas storage parts 10 in a one-to-one correspondence, and at least two heating parts 50 are electrically connected to the control device, and the heating part 50 is used to increase the temperature of the gas storage part 10 to release the stored oxygen and hydrogen. Specifically, when the detection component 30 detects that the oxygen or hydrogen storage amount in the gas storage part 10 reaches a preset limit, the control device will issue an instruction to activate the corresponding heating part 50. The heating part 50 heats the gas storage part 10 to promote the release of oxygen and hydrogen adsorbed therein. These gases can be processed by the oxidation catalyst 40 or safely discharged. This process enables the gas storage part 10 to restore its storage capacity, ensuring that the present embodiment can operate continuously and safely. By configuring the heating part 50, the hydrogen concentration control system 100 of the hydrogen internal combustion engine can release the saturated oxygen and hydrogen in the gas storage part 10 without stopping work. This design ensures that the gas storage unit 10 can be used continuously, and avoids system shutdown or efficiency reduction due to saturation of the gas storage unit 10.

[0054] In some embodiments, the gas storage unit 10 includes an air intake pump 13, an oxygen storage device 11, and a hydrogen storage device 12 that are connected in sequence, the inlet of the air intake pump 13 is connected to the diverter port, and the outlet of the air intake pump 13 is connected to the oxygen storage device 11. Specifically, when the gas enters the air intake pump 13 through the diverter port, the air intake pump 13 is responsible for transporting the gas to the oxygen storage device 11. In the oxygen storage device 11, the oxygen in the gas is adsorbed and stored, reducing the oxygen content of the gas. The gas treated by the oxygen storage device 11 then enters the hydrogen storage device 12, and the hydrogen is adsorbed and stored in the hydrogen storage device 12. In this way, the hydrogen and oxygen contents of the gas treated by the oxygen storage device 11 and the hydrogen storage device 12 are effectively controlled, thereby greatly reducing the risk of deflagration. By sequentially configuring the air intake pump 13, the oxygen storage device 11, and the hydrogen storage device 12 in the gas storage unit 10, the gas can be processed sequentially along a predetermined path, ensuring the effective separation and adsorption of oxygen and hydrogen in the gas. Such a design enables each component to focus on processing specific components, thereby improving the gas processing efficiency of the entire hydrogen internal combustion engine hydrogen concentration control system 100. At the same time, the combined action of the intake pump 13, the oxygen storage 11 and the hydrogen storage 12 can effectively reduce the content of oxygen and hydrogen in the gas, reducing the possibility of these gases accumulating to dangerous concentrations in the gas storage unit 10, thereby significantly reducing the risk of deflagration. In particular, the sequential configuration of the oxygen storage 11 and the hydrogen storage 12 enables the system to better control the concentrations of the two gases.

[0055] It is understood that the heating part 50 includes a first electric heating layer 51 and a second electric heating layer 52, wherein the first electric heating layer 51 is connected to the oxygen storage tank 11, and the second electric heating layer 52 is connected to the hydrogen storage tank 12. The first electric heating layer 51 and the second electric heating layer 52 have the same structure, so the first electric heating layer 51 is used as an example. The first electric heating layer 51 is designed to surround the outer wall of the oxygen storage tank 11 to form a tightly fitting heating structure. The electric heating layer can use an efficient thin film resistor material, such as polyimide (PI) or polyester film (PET) as a substrate, and its surface is plated with a metal heating wire or conductive ink. The electric heating layer is fixed to the outside of the oxygen storage tank 11 by laminating or winding. Specifically, the first electric heating layer 51 is composed of multiple layers of materials, and the innermost layer is a high thermal conductivity material, such as aluminum foil or copper foil, which is used to evenly conduct heat to the surface of the oxygen storage tank 11. The middle layer is a resistance heating layer, which is composed of a heating wire or conductive ink, and can generate heat after power is turned on. The outermost layer is an insulating layer, which is usually made of a high temperature resistant and corrosion resistant polymer material, such as polyimide, to ensure the safety and stability of the heating process. The electric heating layer is electrically connected to the control device through a cable. The control device adjusts the power-on time and current intensity of the electric heating layer according to the oxygen storage in the oxygen reservoir 11 to control the heating process. The electric heating layer can also integrate a temperature sensor to monitor the heating temperature in real time to prevent overheating. The electric heating layer is in the form of a thin film, and the thickness is usually between 0.1 mm and 1 mm, which will not significantly increase the volume of the oxygen reservoir 11. Its flexible material enables the electric heating layer to fit the various geometric shapes of the oxygen reservoir 11 tightly, thereby improving the heating efficiency. By directly attaching the first electric heating layer 51 to the outer wall of the oxygen reservoir 11, efficient heat conduction can be achieved, so that the temperature in the oxygen reservoir 11 rises rapidly, thereby quickly releasing the stored oxygen. This design ensures that oxygen can be released in time when needed, restores the adsorption capacity of the oxygen reservoir 11, and ensures the continuous operation of the system.

[0056] It is understandable that the oxygen storage device 11 is a cerium-based oxide oxygen storage device 11, a zirconium-based oxide oxygen storage device 11 or an adsorbent material oxygen storage device 11. Taking the adsorbent material oxygen storage device 11 as an example, the commonly used molecular sieve material is a zeolite molecular sieve, such as a NaX type or a CaA type molecular sieve. These materials have a large pore size and specific surface area, and can effectively adsorb oxygen molecules. The pore size of the molecular sieve can be controlled by adjusting the ion exchange or synthesis conditions to meet the oxygen adsorption requirements of different molecular sizes. The oxygen storage device 11 is usually designed as a multi-layer adsorption bed structure, and each layer of the adsorption bed is filled with a molecular sieve material. The adsorption bed can be a fixed bed or a moving bed, and a suitable form is selected according to the oxygen flow rate and system requirements. The gas inlet is usually located at one end of the oxygen storage device 11. When oxygen passes through the adsorption bed, the oxygen molecules are adsorbed by the molecular sieve, and the purified gas is discharged from the outlet. In order to improve the oxygen adsorption efficiency, the oxygen storage device 11 usually works under a certain pressure. By adjusting the gas pressure at the inlet, the adsorption amount of oxygen can be optimized. The regeneration method of the oxygen storage device 11 is temperature separation adsorption (TSA), that is, the molecular sieve material is heated to release the oxygen molecules adsorbed therein, thereby achieving the regeneration of the molecular sieve.

[0057] It is understandable that the hydrogen storage device 12 is a metal hydride hydrogen storage device 12, a carbon nanotube / graphene hydrogen storage device 12 or a metal-organic framework (MOF) hydrogen storage device 12. Taking the graphene hydrogen storage device 12 as an example, the hydrogen storage device 12 has a plurality of hydrogen storage modules, each of which is filled with graphene materials. These modules can be configured in parallel or in series to meet different hydrogen storage requirements. The interior of the graphene hydrogen storage device 12 is usually designed as a porous support structure to ensure that the hydrogen can be evenly distributed and fully contact the graphene material, thereby improving the hydrogen storage efficiency. The hydrogen storage device 12 is provided with a special gas introduction channel and a release channel, the introduction channel is used to introduce hydrogen, and the release channel is used to release the stored hydrogen after heating. To release the hydrogen, the graphene material is heated to promote hydrogen desorption.

[0058] In some embodiments, the detection assembly 30 includes a front oxygen concentration sensor 31 and a rear oxygen concentration sensor 32. Along the direction from the air intake pump 13 to the hydrogen storage 12 (i.e., the gas flow direction), the front oxygen concentration sensor 31 is arranged before the oxygen storage 11, and the rear oxygen concentration sensor 32 is arranged between the oxygen storage 11 and the hydrogen storage 12. Along the direction of gas flow, the front oxygen concentration sensor 31 is installed between the air intake pump 13 and the oxygen storage 11, usually at the inlet of the oxygen storage 11. This position allows the sensor to measure the oxygen concentration in the gas entering the oxygen storage 11. The rear oxygen concentration sensor 32 is installed between the oxygen storage 11 and the hydrogen storage 12, usually at the outlet of the oxygen storage 11. This sensor is used to measure the remaining oxygen concentration in the gas after being processed by the oxygen storage 11. The front and rear oxygen concentration sensors 32 measure the oxygen concentration entering and leaving the oxygen storage 11, respectively. By comparing the readings of the two sensors, the control device can evaluate the adsorption effect of the oxygen storage 11. If the rear sensor detects that the oxygen concentration is still high, the control device can determine that the adsorption capacity of the oxygen storage device 11 may be close to saturation and needs to be regenerated. By setting the front and rear oxygen concentration sensors 32, the control device can monitor the adsorption efficiency of the oxygen storage device 11 in real time. Any decrease in oxygen adsorption efficiency can be quickly detected and trigger corresponding regeneration or maintenance measures.

[0059] In some embodiments, the detection assembly 30 includes a front hydrogen concentration sensor 33 and a rear hydrogen concentration sensor 34. Along the direction from the intake pump 13 to the hydrogen storage 12, the front hydrogen concentration sensor 33 is arranged between the oxygen storage 11 and the hydrogen storage 12, and the rear oxygen concentration sensor 32 is arranged after the hydrogen storage 12. The front hydrogen concentration sensor 33 is installed between the oxygen storage 11 and the hydrogen storage 12, usually at the entrance of the hydrogen storage 12. The sensor is used to measure the hydrogen concentration in the gas entering the hydrogen storage 12. The rear hydrogen concentration sensor 34 is installed at the outlet of the hydrogen storage 12, usually between the hydrogen storage 12 and the oxidation catalyst 40. This sensor is used to measure the remaining hydrogen concentration in the gas after being processed by the hydrogen storage 12. The front and rear hydrogen concentration sensors 34 measure the hydrogen concentration entering and leaving the hydrogen storage 12 respectively. By comparing the readings of the two sensors, the control device can evaluate the adsorption effect of the hydrogen storage 12. If the rear sensor detects that the hydrogen concentration is still high, the control device can determine that the adsorption capacity of the hydrogen storage device 12 is close to saturation and needs to start regeneration. The configuration of the front and rear hydrogen concentration sensors 34 enables the control device to monitor the working state of the hydrogen storage device 12 in real time to ensure the efficient operation of the hydrogen adsorption process.

[0060] It can be understood that the calculation method of the oxygen storage capacity or hydrogen storage capacity is that, for a certain oxygen storage / hydrogen storage material, through its front or rear oxygen concentration / hydrogen concentration sensor, the oxygen storage capacity / hydrogen storage capacity of the material within a certain period of time can be calculated by the integration method, and the method is as follows:

[0061]

[0062] Where i represents the substance being stored, which in this proposal is hydrogen or oxygen; m i is the storage amount of the substance in the material from t0 to t; c 前 is the measured value of the pre-concentration sensor for substance i (generally the molecular ratio, i.e. the ratio of the number of molecules i to the total number of molecules in the airflow); c 后 is the measured value of the post-concentration sensor; Qm is the total mass flow rate of the airflow; is the average molar mass of the gas flow; M i is the molar mass of substance i.

[0063] In some embodiments, the gas outlet further includes a terminal hydrogen concentration sensor 60, which is connected to the outlet of the oxidation catalyst 40. The terminal hydrogen concentration sensor 60 is used to detect the control and purification effect of the hydrogen concentration control system 100 on hydrogen in the hydrogen internal combustion engine. Specifically, the terminal hydrogen concentration sensor 60 is installed between the outlet of the oxidation catalyst 40 and the final exhaust pipe of the hydrogen concentration control system 100 of the hydrogen internal combustion engine. The terminal hydrogen sensor can accurately detect the hydrogen concentration and feed back the data to the control device in real time. The control device evaluates the effect of hydrogen purification based on the measurement results of the terminal hydrogen concentration sensor 60. If the hydrogen concentration detected by the terminal hydrogen concentration sensor 60 is higher than the safety threshold, the hydrogen concentration control system 100 of the hydrogen internal combustion engine can automatically adjust the working state of the oxidation catalyst 40 or start other safety measures to ensure the safety of the exhaust gas. The terminal hydrogen concentration sensor 60 can provide hydrogen concentration data after being processed by the oxidation catalyst 40 to help the system monitor the purification effect in real time. By monitoring the final concentration of hydrogen, the system can ensure that the treatment of hydrogen meets the expected standards, thereby ensuring the safety of the exhaust gas.

[0064] In some embodiments, the hydrogen concentration control system 100 of the hydrogen internal combustion engine also includes a first temperature sensor 90 and a second temperature sensor 91. The first temperature sensor 90 is arranged at the inlet of the gas storage part 10, and the second temperature sensor 91 is arranged at the outlet of the oxidation catalyst 40. By setting the first temperature sensor 90 and the second temperature sensor 91, it can be determined whether there is a gas leakage fault in the hydrogen concentration control system 100 of the hydrogen internal combustion engine.

[0065] In some embodiments, a first filter 70 is further provided before the gas diversion device 20. The first filter 70 is used to filter the hydrogen-containing gas 201. The first filter 70 is installed before the gas diversion device 20, that is, before the hydrogen-containing gas 201 enters the gas diversion device 20, it first passes through the first filter 70. The filter is used to remove impurities, particulate matter or other pollutants in the gas that may affect subsequent treatment. The first filter 70 can adopt a multi-layer filter material, such as glass fiber, polyester fiber or high-efficiency particulate air 202 filter, which can effectively intercept tiny particles and impurities. By adding the first filter 70 before the gas diversion device 20, the system can effectively remove impurities in the airflow, avoid the adsorption material contamination or equipment clogging problems that may be caused by these impurities entering the gas storage part 10, thereby improving the long-term operation stability and reliability of the system.

[0066] In some embodiments, a second filter 81 is provided between the air supply pump 80 and the oxidation catalyst 40, and the second filter 81 is used to filter the air 202. The second filter 81 is installed between the air supply pump 80 and the oxidation catalyst 40, and is used to filter the air 202 delivered to the oxidation catalyst 40 by the air supply pump 80. This filter ensures that the air 202 received by the oxidation catalyst 40 does not contain particulate matter or other impurities that may affect the catalytic reaction. By providing the second filter 81 between the air supply pump 80 and the oxidation catalyst 40, the hydrogen concentration control system 100 of the hydrogen internal combustion engine can effectively filter the particulate matter and impurities in the air 202, ensuring that the air 202 entering the oxidation catalyst 40 is pure, thereby improving the efficiency and stability of the catalytic reaction. At the same time, since the catalyst in the oxidation catalyst 40 is very sensitive to impurities and particulate matter, the presence of the second filter 81 can prevent these harmful substances from contaminating the catalyst, extend the service life of the catalyst, and reduce the maintenance frequency and cost.

[0067] It is understandable that the gas diversion device 20 is an electrically controlled multi-way valve, which has multiple channels, each of which corresponds to a diversion port of the gas storage unit 10. A rotating or sliding valve core is provided inside the valve body, and the opening of each channel can be controlled separately by adjusting the angle or position of the valve core. The multi-way valve is driven by an electric actuator, and the electric actuator adjusts the angle or position of the valve core by receiving an electrical signal from the control device. The control device sends a corresponding electrical signal according to the storage capacity of each gas storage unit 10 to accurately adjust the opening of the multi-way valve.

[0068] In a specific embodiment, the gas diversion device 20 has two diversion ports, namely a first diversion port 21 and a second diversion port 22 , and each diversion port can be connected to a gas storage portion 10 .

[0069] like Figure 2As shown, this embodiment also provides a hydrogen concentration control method, which is implemented according to the above-mentioned hydrogen concentration control system 100 of the hydrogen internal combustion engine, and includes the following steps:

[0070] Obtaining the storage capacity of the gas storage unit 10;

[0071] Determine whether the storage capacity is greater than the regeneration limit;

[0072] According to the storage amount being greater than the regeneration limit value, the opening degree of the diverter port is reduced.

[0073] In this embodiment, by acquiring the storage capacity of the gas storage unit 10 in real time, the hydrogen concentration control system 100 of the hydrogen internal combustion engine can dynamically monitor the adsorption state of the gas storage unit 10. When the storage capacity approaches or exceeds the regeneration limit, the control device can timely adjust the opening of the diversion port, thereby reducing the amount of gas entering the gas storage unit 10 and preventing the gas storage unit 10 from being oversaturated. This process optimizes the working efficiency of the gas storage unit 10 and ensures that it operates in the best state.

[0074] It should be understood that in the hydrogen concentration control method of this embodiment, the hydrogen concentration control system 100 of the hydrogen internal combustion engine can independently control each gas storage unit 10, and the control device can adjust the opening of the corresponding diversion port according to the storage capacity of each gas storage unit 10.

[0075] Specifically, according to the storage amount being greater than the regeneration limit, the step of adjusting the opening of the diverter port also includes controlling the heating unit 50 to operate so that the heating unit 50 increases the temperature of the gas storage unit 10. By controlling the heating unit 50 to operate when the storage amount exceeds the regeneration limit, the hydrogen concentration control system 100 of the hydrogen internal combustion engine can quickly increase the temperature of the gas storage unit 10, thereby prompting the adsorbed oxygen or hydrogen to be released quickly. This method speeds up the regeneration process, shortens the time it takes for the gas storage unit 10 to return to a usable state, and ensures that the system can operate continuously and efficiently.

[0076] Specifically, obtaining the storage capacity of the gas storage unit 10 includes respectively obtaining the oxygen storage capacity of the oxygen storage device 11 and the hydrogen storage capacity of the hydrogen storage device 12;

[0077] Therefore, further, judging whether the storage amount is greater than the regeneration limit includes judging whether the oxygen storage amount is greater than the first regeneration limit or judging whether the hydrogen storage amount is greater than the second regeneration limit; and reducing the opening of the diversion port according to the oxygen storage amount being greater than the first regeneration limit or the hydrogen storage amount being greater than the second regeneration limit.

[0078] like Figure 3As shown, in a specific embodiment, there is a trunk (i.e., the portion from the inlet of the hydrogen-containing gas 201 to the multi-way valve and the portion where the gas merged after passing through each gas storage unit 10 enters the oxidation catalyst 40) and multiple branches (i.e., the portion between a diversion port and the oxidation catalyst 40). For a branch, when there is a need to purify the hydrogen-containing gas 201, the multi-way valve (i.e., the gas diversion device 20) provides a larger opening for the branch, and turns on the intake pump 13 of the branch to allow the hydrogen-containing gas 201 to fully enter the branch. At this time, it is necessary to start detecting the measured values ​​of the front oxygen concentration sensor 31 and the rear oxygen concentration sensor 32, so as to calculate the oxygen storage capacity of the oxygen storage device 11. If the oxygen storage capacity is normal (lower than the first regeneration limit m1), the hydrogen storage capacity is calculated based on the front hydrogen concentration sensor 33 and the rear hydrogen concentration sensor 34 in the same way and compared with the second regeneration limit m2.

[0079] In addition, a diagnosis is added here to determine whether the measurement value of the post-mounted hydrogen concentration sensor 34 is lower than the branch hydrogen concentration safety limit c1. If the measurement value of the post-mounted hydrogen concentration sensor 34 is greater than c1, it means that the hydrogen storage device 12 cannot effectively control the hydrogen concentration of the branch from the beginning, and a fault in the hydrogen storage device 12 should be reported at this time.

[0080] When the oxygen storage amount is lower than the first regeneration limit m1, the hydrogen storage amount is lower than the second regeneration limit m2, and the measurement value of the post-mounted hydrogen concentration sensor 34 is lower than the branch hydrogen concentration safety limit c1, it means that all components of the branch are normal, and monitoring can be continued at this time.

[0081] When the condition "the oxygen storage is lower than the first regeneration limit m1, and the hydrogen storage is lower than the limit m2" is not met, it means that at least one of the oxygen storage device 11 or the hydrogen storage device 12 is close to saturation and needs to be regenerated. At this time, the first electric heating layer 51 and the second electric heating layer 52 should be started to work, and the temperature of the oxygen storage device 11 and the hydrogen storage device 12 should be increased to release the oxygen and hydrogen stored in them, so as to restore the state where oxygen / hydrogen can continue to be stored. At the same time, the opening of the multi-way valve to the corresponding branch should be reduced to avoid excessive hydrogen-containing gas 201 flowing into the branch and causing explosion under high temperature conditions.

[0082] A regeneration time t is set. Under normal circumstances, after the regeneration time t, the oxygen storage should be lower than the limit m3, and the hydrogen storage should be lower than the limit m4. If this condition cannot be met, it means that the high temperature release function of the oxygen storage device 11 or the hydrogen storage device 12 is abnormal, and a corresponding fault should be reported; if this condition can be met, it means that the branch has been regenerated successfully and can continue to perform the oxygen and hydrogen storage functions normally.

[0083] like Figure 4As shown, the control method of the trunk is that when the hydrogen concentration control system 100 of the hydrogen internal combustion engine is running, under normal circumstances, the measurement value of the terminal hydrogen concentration sensor 60 should always be kept lower than the hydrogen concentration safety limit c3. If this condition is not met, it means that there is a fault. If it is Figure 2 If there is a fault in the branch shown, the corresponding fault should be reported; if the branch fault has been eliminated, it means that there is a problem with the ability of the oxidation catalyst 40 to oxidize hydrogen, and a fault in the oxidation catalyst 40 should be reported.

[0084] On the premise that the measurement value of the terminal hydrogen concentration sensor 60 is lower than the safety limit c3, the measurement value of the post-temperature sensor is detected again. If it reaches or exceeds the temperature limit T1, it means that the oxidation catalyst 40 is overheated and its performance may have deteriorated, and a fault should also be reported.

[0085] If the terminal hydrogen concentration sensor 60 is lower than the temperature limit T1, heat balance is performed again. If there is a large deviation between the theoretical combustion enthalpy obtained based on the pre-hydrogen concentration and the actual calculated heat release, it means that there is a leak in the hydrogen concentration control system 100 of the hydrogen internal combustion engine, and a leak fault should be reported.

[0086] It is understandable that from the perspective of energy conservation, if hydrogen storage is ignored, all energy losses are ignored, and it is assumed that the purification efficiency of the oxidation catalyst 40 for hydrogen is 100%, then the heat released by the final oxidation of the hydrogen flowing into each branch within a certain period of time will be completely used to heat the airflow, which is reflected in the difference between the temperature sensor (19) and the temperature sensor (6) of each branch. The formula is:

[0087]

[0088] Among them, Q1 is the heat released by the oxidation of all the hydrogen that theoretically flows through each branch (the subscript j indicates the situation of the jth branch among a total of n branches) from t1 to t2. This part of heat can be calculated based on the flow rate Q of each branch. mj , hydrogen concentration c j , and the molar combustion enthalpy of hydrogen ∆ c H m,H2 , the average molar mass of the gas flow Q2 is the total heat required to increase the temperature of each branch airflow calculated based on the temperature change, where T is the measured value of the post-temperature sensor, T j is the measured value of the front temperature sensor of each branch, C mj is the specific heat capacity of the airflow. According to the above simplified analysis, Q1=Q2.

[0089] But in fact, due to various energy losses (hydrogen storage, heat dissipation, etc.), Q1 is always greater than Q2. Therefore, when performing energy balance, a reasonable deviation between Q1 and Q2 should be set as a limit, for example, it is stipulated that the value of Q1-Q2 or Q1 / Q2 can exceed a certain value. If it exceeds a certain value, it is considered that there is abnormal energy loss, that is, there is a leak in a pipeline somewhere.

[0090] The above is only a preferred specific embodiment of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any changes or substitutions that can be easily thought of by a person skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A hydrogen concentration control system for a hydrogen internal combustion engine, characterized in that: include: An air inlet, the air inlet comprising a gas diverter device, the gas diverter device comprising an air inlet and at least two diverter ports; At least two gas storage parts, the number of the gas storage parts is the same as the number of the diversion ports, and the inlets of at least two of the gas storage parts are connected to the at least two of the diversion ports in a one-to-one correspondence, and the gas storage parts are used to store hydrogen and oxygen; At least two detection components, each gas storage unit is connected to one detection component, and the detection component is used to detect the storage capacity of the gas storage unit; An air outlet portion, the air outlet portion comprising an oxidation catalyst, and outlets of at least two of the air storage portions are both connected to an inlet of the oxidation catalyst; A control device, wherein the control device is electrically connected to the gas diversion device and the detection component respectively, and the control device is used to adjust the opening of the diversion port corresponding to the gas storage part according to the storage capacity of each gas storage part.

2. The hydrogen concentration control system for a hydrogen internal combustion engine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The hydrogen concentration control system of the hydrogen internal combustion engine also includes at least two heating parts, at least two of the heating parts are connected to at least two of the gas storage parts in a one-to-one correspondence, at least two of the heating parts are electrically connected to the control device, and the heating parts are used to increase the temperature of the gas storage parts.

3. The hydrogen concentration control system for a hydrogen internal combustion engine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The air storage unit includes an air intake pump, an oxygen storage device and a hydrogen storage device which are connected in sequence. The inlet of the air intake pump is connected to the diversion port, and the outlet of the air intake pump is connected to the oxygen storage device.

4. The hydrogen concentration control system for a hydrogen internal combustion engine according to claim 3, characterized in that: The detection assembly comprises a front oxygen concentration sensor and a rear oxygen concentration sensor, along the direction from the air intake pump to the hydrogen storage, the front oxygen concentration sensor is arranged before the oxygen storage, and the rear oxygen concentration sensor is arranged between the oxygen storage and the hydrogen storage; And / or, the detection component includes a front hydrogen concentration sensor and a rear hydrogen concentration sensor, along the direction from the air intake pump to the hydrogen storage, the front hydrogen concentration sensor is arranged between the oxygen storage and the hydrogen storage, and the rear hydrogen concentration sensor is arranged after the hydrogen storage.

5. The hydrogen concentration control system for a hydrogen internal combustion engine according to claim 4, characterized in that: The gas outlet portion further includes a terminal hydrogen concentration sensor, and the terminal hydrogen concentration sensor is connected to the outlet of the oxidation catalyst.

6. The hydrogen concentration control system for a hydrogen internal combustion engine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The hydrogen concentration control system for a hydrogen internal combustion engine further includes a first temperature sensor and a second temperature sensor, wherein the first temperature sensor is disposed at the inlet of the gas storage portion, and the second temperature sensor is disposed at the outlet of the oxidation catalyst.

7. A method for controlling hydrogen concentration, characterized in that: The method is used for implementing the hydrogen concentration control system of a hydrogen internal combustion engine according to any one of claims 1 to 6, comprising the following steps: Obtaining the storage capacity of the gas storage unit; determining whether the storage amount is greater than a regeneration limit value; According to the storage amount being greater than the regeneration limit value, the opening degree of the diverter port is reduced.

8. The method for controlling hydrogen concentration according to claim 7, characterized in that: The step of adjusting the opening of the diverter port according to the storage amount being greater than the regeneration limit value also includes: The heating unit is controlled to operate so as to increase the temperature of the gas storage unit.

9. The method for controlling hydrogen concentration according to claim 7, characterized in that: The gas storage unit includes an intake pump, an oxygen storage device and a hydrogen storage device which are connected in sequence, the inlet of the intake pump is connected to the diversion port, and the outlet of the intake pump is connected to the oxygen storage device. The storage capacity of the gas storage unit is obtained, including: Respectively obtaining the oxygen storage capacity of the oxygen storage device and the hydrogen storage capacity of the hydrogen storage device; Further, determining whether the storage amount is greater than a regeneration limit value includes: Determining whether the oxygen storage amount is greater than a first regeneration limit value or determining whether the hydrogen storage amount is greater than a second regeneration limit value; and reducing the opening of the diverter port according to the oxygen storage amount being greater than a first regeneration limit value or the hydrogen storage amount being greater than the second regeneration limit value.

10. An engine, characterized in that: include: Crankcase; According to the hydrogen concentration control system for a hydrogen internal combustion engine according to any one of claims 1 to 6, the air intake port of the hydrogen concentration control system for a hydrogen internal combustion engine is communicated with the crankcase.

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