Multi-level redundant surge protector

Abstract

The present invention discloses a multi-stage redundant surge protector, which relates to the technical field of surge protectors, and includes: a mounting plate, the mounting plate is fixedly connected to the inside of a replaceable module, and a fixed cover is fixedly connected to one side of the mounting plate; a protection module, the protection module includes a plurality of first graphite sheets and first insulating rings equal in number to the first graphite sheets, the first insulating rings are all fixedly connected to the inner wall of the fixed cover, and the first insulating rings are arranged in a ring shape. The present invention transforms the existing graphite sheets and insulating rings in a linear staggered series connection into a ring-shaped series connection in which the graphite sheets and insulating rings are connected end to end, and a rotatable contact is provided. In actual application, the input position and the output position can be replaced between the graphite sheets of each level by rotating the contact, so that the load of the graphite sheets of each level can be shared, and the problem of repeated action of strong surge impact on the fixed graphite sheets can be avoided, thereby improving the service life of the surge protector.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of surge protectors, and in particular to a multi-stage redundant surge protector. Background Art

[0002] A surge protector, also known as a lightning arrester, is an electronic device that provides safety protection for various electronic equipment, instruments, and communication lines. When a spike current or voltage suddenly occurs in an electrical circuit or communication line due to external interference, the surge protector can conduct and shunt the current in a very short time, thereby preventing the surge from damaging other equipment in the circuit.

[0003] When a spike current or voltage suddenly occurs in an electrical circuit or communication line due to external interference, the surge protector can conduct and shunt in a very short time, thereby avoiding the damage of the surge to other equipment in the circuit. Backup protection refers to the protection used to cut off the fault when the main protection or circuit breaker fails to work. When a circuit fails, the protection on the circuit will instantly send a signal to disconnect the circuit's breaking element (such as a circuit breaker). This immediate protection is the main protection. When the main protection does not work for various reasons, after a very short delay (the delay time is based on the requirements of each circuit), another protection will start and work to trip the fault circuit. This protection is the backup protection; Near backup: When the main protection refuses to work, another set of protection of the power equipment or line is used to achieve backup protection. By setting up multiple sets of main protection and backup protection at the same time, surge protection of different voltage levels can be achieved on the same protection line, and the redundant design of multiple sets of protection can be used when one of the protection channels fails. However, most of the existing backup protectors use discharge tube design, which has a single protection level and will lose its function once damaged.

[0004] In this regard, a Chinese patent for a backup protector for a surge protector (Announcement No. CN213185505U) has been proposed in the prior art to solve the above-mentioned technical problems. The patent adopts the cooperation of multiple insulating sheets and graphene sheets. Through the series connection of multiple levels of graphite and insulating sheets, when an overcurrent occurs in the working circuit or the overcurrent lasts for a short period of time, the graphite protection component uses its own characteristics to discharge the overcurrent in the circuit to the ground, so that the transmission current in the circuit is normal and the normal operation of the equipment is ensured. The processing technology of the graphite protection component is simple and can well ensure the consistency of the product. It has multi-level overcurrent protection and reduces the impact on the equipment. For this graphite gap type surge protector, its principle is as follows: Fig.13As shown in the figure, b is a graphite sheet, c is an insulating ring, and 40 is a high-voltage capacitor. It uses the principle that the capacitor is short-circuited instantly under pulse current. When the lightning current invades from the lower end of the SPD as shown in the figure, the high-voltage capacitor is short-circuited, and the high potential of the lightning is instantly transmitted to the graphite electrode connected to it. At this time, a potential difference will be generated between the positive and negative electrodes of the gap d, breaking down the gap d, and at the same time, part of the energy will be discharged into the ground, and then the gaps from top to bottom will be started in sequence until all gaps are turned on. After the lightning current is discharged, the SPD returns to a high impedance state.

[0005] However, this type of protector uses the gaps between graphite sheets as conductive channels to resist transient overvoltage shocks in the power system. Whenever a surge occurs, the surge current will directly act on the graphite sheet at the front end of the sequence. Each surge current impact first acts on the graphite sheet at the front end, while the loss of the graphite sheet at the rear end is relatively small and its state is relatively well maintained. The overall loss of the front-end graphite sheet of the protector is unbalanced with the rear-end graphite sheet. When the front-end graphite sheet is damaged due to frequent surge currents, the function of the entire surge protector will be affected, and may even cause complete failure of the equipment. When damaged due to this reason, the graphite sheet at the rear end is still not fully utilized, which will cause waste. Summary of the invention

[0006] The object of the present invention is to provide a multi-stage redundant surge protector to solve the problem that the life of the device is affected by the unbalanced load of graphite sheets at each stage during the use of the multi-stage graphite gap surge protector.

[0007] In order to solve the above technical problems, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is:

[0008] A multi-level redundant surge protector includes a base, a plurality of slots are arranged on the base, replaceable modules are correspondingly inserted in the slots, the replaceable modules and the slots are connected at two elastic contacts, and the elastic contacts are used to realize the electrical connection between the replaceable modules and the base; and also includes: a mounting plate, the mounting plate is fixedly connected to the inside of the replaceable module, and a fixed cover is fixedly connected to one side of the mounting plate;

[0009] A protection module, the protection module includes a plurality of first graphite sheets and first insulating rings equal in number to the first graphite sheets, the first insulating rings are all fixedly connected to the inner wall of the fixed cover, the first insulating rings are arranged in a ring shape, the first graphite sheet is fixedly connected between the gaps of every two first insulating rings, and the first insulating rings and the first graphite sheets form a closed loop; an output contact is rotatably connected to one side of the fixed cover close to the first insulating ring, an insulating block is fixedly connected to the central axis of the output contact, an input contact is fixedly connected to one end of the insulating block away from the output contact, and the input contact and the output contact are arranged parallel to each other; two elastic contact sheets are electrically connected to the input contact and the output contact respectively in one-to-one correspondence, and the input contact and the output contact are respectively in contact with the two first graphite sheets farthest apart; a capacitor is arranged between the first graphite sheet not in contact with the input contact and the input contact; a transmission component, the transmission component is used to control the rotation of the output contact; an action component, the action component drives the transmission component to move by converting surge into magnetic force.

[0010] By adopting the above technical solution, the existing linear staggered series connection of graphite sheets and insulating rings is transformed into a ring-shaped series connection with end-to-end connection, and rotatable contacts (input contacts and output contacts) are provided. In actual application, the input position and the output position can be replaced between graphite sheets of various levels by rotating the contacts, thereby sharing the load of graphite sheets of various levels, avoiding the problem of strong surge impacts repeatedly acting on fixed graphite sheets, and thus improving the service life of the surge protector.

[0011] A further improvement of the technical solution of the present invention is that: the transmission component includes a first slide rail and a second slide rail, the first slide rail and the second slide rail are both fixedly connected to a side of the mounting plate away from the fixed cover, the outer side of the first slide rail is slidably connected to a first rack, the end of the output contact center axis away from the insulating block extends to the other side of the mounting plate and is connected to a first gear through a one-way bearing, the first gear is meshed with the first rack, and a first spring is sleeved on the outer side of the first slide rail; the outer side of the second slide rail is slidably connected to a second rack, one end of the second rack is fixedly connected to a push rod for pushing the first rack to move, the side of the mounting plate away from the fixed cover is also rotatably connected to a second gear, the second gear is meshed with the second rack, and a second spring is sleeved on the outer side of the second slide rail.

[0012] By adopting the above technical solution, the second gear is rotated to drive the second rack to make linear motion, compress the second spring, and further drive the ejector rod to be ejected; before the swing rod swings past the vertical center position, the ejector rod does not contact the first rack, and after exceeding the center position, the swing rod continues to swing so that the ejector rod pushes the first rack to move, compressing the first spring, thereby rotating the first gear. Since the central axis of the output contact is connected to the first gear through a one-way bearing, the output contact will not be driven to rotate during the rotation of the first gear.

[0013] Furthermore, when the second spring rebounds and pushes the second rack and the push rod to reset, the second gear is simultaneously driven to reset, so that the rocker arm is reset, and correspondingly, the sliding rod and the limit column are also reset; and the first rack loses the effect of the push rod, so it will reset under the elastic force of the first spring, thereby driving the first gear to rotate and reset, and driving the coaxial output contact, insulating block and input contact to rotate, and when the push rod pushes the first rack to the bottom, the corresponding flipping angle of the first gear is the arc angle of the inner side of the first graphite sheet.

[0014] A further improvement of the technical solution of the present invention is that: the action component includes a U-shaped frame, the U-shaped frame is fixedly connected to a side of the mounting plate away from the fixed cover, a sliding rod is slidably connected between the two sides of the U-shaped frame, the outer side of the sliding rod and located inside the U-shaped frame is fixedly connected to a limiting column, the outer side of the limiting column is fixedly connected to a first iron block; the inner side of the U-shaped frame is provided with an electromagnetism structure used in conjunction with the first iron block, the electromagnetism structure is used to generate magnetic force using surge current; a cross plate is fixedly connected between the inner sides of the U-shaped frame, one side of the cross plate is rotatably connected to a swing rod, the central axis of the swing rod extends to the other side of the cross plate and is fixedly connected to the central axis of the second gear, a tension spring is fixedly connected between the end of the swing rod and the limiting column; the top of the cross plate is fixedly connected to the limiting frame.

[0015] In this embodiment, the surge current flows out from the output contact and is output from the output terminal e after passing through the coil. When passing through the coil, the iron core generates magnetic force, thereby attracting the first iron block, causing the first iron block to move until it fits the positioning frame. During this process, the rocker arm swings and drives the second gear to rotate, thereby enabling the transmission component to move.

[0016] A further improvement of the technical solution of the present invention is that the electromagnetism structure includes a positioning frame fixedly connected to one side of the inner wall of the U-shaped frame, a coil is fixedly connected inside the positioning frame, the number of turns of the coil is one quarter of a turn, and the coil is connected in series between the output contact and the elastic contact piece; an iron core is arranged on one side of the inner wall of the U-shaped frame close to the positioning frame, and the iron core is a hollow structure.

[0017] By adopting the above technical solution, one end of the iron core is set to a hollow structure, and the number of turns of the coil is set to a quarter of a turn, so as to reduce the size of the electromagnetism.

[0018] A further improvement of the technical solution of the present invention is that: the iron core is slidably connected to the U-shaped frame, and one end of the iron core extends to the outside of the U-shaped frame and is fixedly connected to a pad, the end of the pad away from the iron core is fixedly connected to a guide rod, one side of the U-shaped frame is fixedly connected to a support frame, the guide rod passes through the outside of the support frame and is fixedly connected to a limited position head, the guide rod is slidably connected to the support frame, the side of the support frame away from the U-shaped frame is fixedly connected to a second iron block, and a third spring is sleeved on the outside of the guide rod; one end of the iron core away from the pad is fixedly connected to a flexible block.

[0019] With the above technical solution, when a surge current is generated and the first iron block is adsorbed by the iron core, the magnetic force of the iron core continues to increase, and the magnetic force increases. One end of the iron core is a hollow structure, and the other end is solid. The magnetic force of the solid end is greater than that of the hollow end. When the magnetic force reaches a certain value (enough to be adsorbed by the second iron block), the iron core will move toward the second iron block. During this process, the magnetic force of the iron core on the first iron block will also decrease (the pad will squeeze the third spring during the above process). A limiting structure is provided on the inner side of the support frame to prevent the iron core from being unable to adsorb the first iron block due to excessive activity. After the above action, the iron core and the coil will be partially offset. Since the current is large enough, even if they are partially offset, they are enough to adsorb the first iron block, and the offset degree of the iron core relative to the coil is affected by the current. Under this condition, the magnetic force does not change much, but the circuit is protected, thereby avoiding safety problems caused by overcurrent.

[0020] That is, the magnetic force on the iron core is in a relatively stable dynamic equilibrium state, that is, excessive current will increase the current, thereby being attracted by the second iron block and reducing the length in the coil, thereby reducing the magnetic force. When the current decreases and the magnetic force of the iron core decreases, the iron core's attraction to the second iron block will decrease, so it can be reset under the action of the third spring, thereby increasing the length in the coil and increasing the magnetic force.

[0021] A further improvement of the technical solution of the present invention is that: a rotating shell is fixedly connected to the outer side of the central axis of the input contact, a plurality of mounting plates are fixedly connected to the outer side of the rotating shell, the number of mounting plates is one less than the number of the first graphite plates, the capacitor is welded on the mounting plate, and the inner wall of the rotating shell is provided with a contact plate corresponding to the mounting plate one by one, the contact plate is electrically connected to one of the pins of the capacitor, and the other pins of the plurality of capacitors are electrically connected to the input contact in common.

[0022] By adopting the above technical solution, a rotating shell is fixedly connected to the outside of the input contact so that the rotating shell can rotate and switch accordingly. At the same time, a capacitor is installed outside the rotating shell so that the capacitor can flip accordingly and contact the first graphite sheet through the corresponding contact sheet to achieve electrical connection. No capacitor is set in the direction of the input contact, so that there is always a first graphite sheet that is not connected to the capacitor, and the first graphite sheet is in contact with the input contact.

[0023] A further improvement of the technical solution of the present invention is that the first graphite sheet is fan-shaped, the two surfaces connecting the first insulating ring and the first graphite sheet are parallel to each other, and the first insulating ring and the first graphite sheet together form an annular structure with circular inner and outer circles.

[0024] By adopting the above technical solution, the first insulating ring is set to a structure with two surfaces parallel to each other, and the two surfaces are respectively connected to two adjacent first graphite sheets, so that the gap d inside the first insulating ring is equal everywhere; and the first graphite sheet is set to an annular structure, which can cooperate with the first insulating ring to form an annular structure that is easy to switch, and the influence of its shape as a conductor itself is smaller than that of the insulating structure.

[0025] A further improvement of the technical solution of the present invention is that: the output contact includes a conductive block, a mating groove is provided on one side of the conductive block, a metal contact wheel is rotatably connected between the inner walls of the mating groove, the metal contact wheel is in contact with the mating groove, a contact rail is fixedly connected to one side of the first graphite sheet, the contact rail and the metal contact wheel are in contact with each other; the input contact and the output contact have the same structure.

[0026] By adopting the above technical solution, by setting the contact points of the two contacts and the first graphite sheet in the form of rolling metal contact wheels, during the flipping process of the output contacts and the input contacts, the metal contact wheels roll, which can reduce wear while achieving flipping, thereby increasing the service life of the device; wherein, the contact rail can provide a certain degree of contact area.

[0027] A further improvement of the technical solution of the present invention is that heat dissipation holes are provided at the bottom of the replaceable module.

[0028] The above technical solution is adopted to facilitate the release of heat inside the replaceable module, thereby reducing the risk of component burnout.

[0029] Due to the adoption of the above technical solution, the present invention has the following technical advances compared with the prior art:

[0030] 1. The present invention transforms the existing linear staggered series connection of graphite sheets and insulating rings into a ring-shaped series connection that is connected end to end, and provides a rotatable contact. In actual application, the input position and the output position can be replaced between graphite sheets of various levels by rotating the contact, thereby sharing the load of graphite sheets of various levels, avoiding the problem of repeated strong surge impact on fixed graphite sheets, and thus improving the service life of the surge protector.

[0031] 2. The present invention operates by generating magnetic force through the surge current generated in the circuit, so that the switching of the graphite sheet can be driven without the help of additional power. When the surge current passes through the coil, the iron core will generate magnetic force, which can attract the first iron block, causing the first iron block to move until it fits the positioning frame. During this process, the rocker arm will swing and drive the second gear to rotate, so that the second rack will make linear motion, compressing the second spring, and further driving the ejector rod to be ejected, thereby providing power for the transmission component.

[0032] 3. The present invention sets one end of the iron core as a hollow structure and reduces the number of turns of the outer coil of the iron core to reduce the magnetic force generated by the iron core when a surge current is generated, thereby reducing the size of the electromagnetism and avoiding the problem of structural overload and subsequent damage due to uncontrollable surge current, while also reducing safety hazards.

[0033] 4. The present invention sets the iron core as a movable structure. When the surge current is large enough to make the magnetic force inside the iron core large, one end of the core will be attracted by the second iron block, so that the iron core and the coil are partially offset. Since the current is large enough, even if they are partially offset, it is enough to absorb the first iron block. The offset degree of the iron core relative to the coil is affected by the current. As a result, the magnetic force does not change much, and the magnetic force on the iron core is in a relatively stable dynamic equilibrium state, thereby avoiding safety problems caused by overcurrent.

[0034] 5. The present invention arranges the transmission component into two non-contact parts, that is, the top rod and the first rack are not in contact with each other, and the distance between the two is the requirement for measuring the switching action triggered by the surge. When a smaller surge is generated, the surge generated by the iron core is not enough to absorb the first iron block and make it pass the vertical center position, so the top rod cannot contact the first rack, avoiding false operation caused by smaller surges (such as plugging and unplugging the main line or switching on and off electrical appliances). The surge caused by lightning is generally larger, which can easily cause the first iron block to be absorbed and fit with the positioning frame, thereby avoiding false operation under small surges and improving the reliability of the device. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0035] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0036] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the split structure of the base and the replaceable modules of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 3 It is one of the cross-sectional structural schematic diagrams of the replaceable module of the present invention;

[0039] Figure 4 The second schematic cross-sectional structure diagram of the replaceable module of the present invention;

[0040] Figure 5 It is one of the structural schematic diagrams of the action components of the present invention;

[0041] Figure 6 This is the second schematic diagram of the structure of the action components of the present invention;

[0042] Figure 7 It is a schematic structural diagram of the first insulating ring and the first graphite sheet of the present invention;

[0043] Figure 8 It is a structural schematic diagram of the rotating shell of the present invention;

[0044] Fig. 9 It is a schematic diagram of the installation structure of the output contact and the input contact of the present invention;

[0045] Fig.10 It is a schematic cross-sectional structural diagram of the iron core of the present invention;

[0046] Fig.11 For the present invention Figure 4 Enlarged view of point A in the middle;

[0047] Fig.12 It is a partial structural schematic diagram of the transmission component of the present invention;

[0048] Fig.13 It is a schematic diagram of the principle of the prior art;

[0049] Fig.14 It is a schematic diagram of the principle of the present invention;

[0050] Fig.15 For the present invention Fig.14 Schematic diagram of the deformed schematic.

[0051] In the figure: 1, base; 2, replaceable module; 3, elastic contact piece; 4, fixed cover; 5, first insulating ring; 6, first graphite sheet; 7, output contact; 71, conductive block; 72, metal contact wheel; 8, insulating block; 9, input contact; 10, contact rail; 11, mounting plate; 12, U-shaped frame; 13, horizontal plate; 14, sliding rod; 15, limit column; 16, swing rod; 17, tension spring; 18, first iron block; 19, support frame; 20, positioning Frame; 21, coil; 22, iron core; 23, pad; 24, guide rod; 25, second iron block; 26, third spring; 27, limit frame; 28, flexible block; 29, first slide rail; 30, first rack; 31, first gear; 32, first spring; 33, second slide rail; 34, second rack; 35, second spring; 36, second gear; 37, push rod; 38, rotating shell; 39, mounting plate; 40, capacitor; 41, contact plate;

[0052] a, input end; b, graphite sheet structure; c, insulating ring structure; d, gap; e, output end; f, second insulating ring; g, second graphite sheet. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0053] The present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with embodiments:

[0054] Example 1

[0055] like Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 7 As shown, the present invention provides a multi-level redundant surge protector, including a base 1, a plurality of slots are provided on the base 1, and replaceable modules 2 are correspondingly plugged into the slots, and the plugging parts of the replaceable modules 2 and the slots are two elastic contacts 3, and the elastic contacts 3 are used to realize the electrical connection between the replaceable modules 2 and the base 1; and also includes: a mounting plate 11, the mounting plate 11 is fixedly connected to the inside of the replaceable module 2, and a fixed cover 4 is fixedly connected to one side of the mounting plate 11;

[0056] The protection module includes a plurality of first graphite sheets 6 and first insulating rings 5 ​​equal in number to the first graphite sheets 6. The first insulating rings 5 ​​are all fixedly connected to the inner wall of the fixed cover 4. The first insulating rings 5 ​​are arranged in a ring shape. The first graphite sheets 6 are fixedly connected between the gaps between every two first insulating rings 5, and the first insulating rings 5 ​​and the first graphite sheets 6 form a closed loop. The fixed cover 4 is rotatably connected to the output contact 7 on one side close to the first insulating ring 5. The central axis of the output contact 7 is fixedly connected to an insulating block 8, and the insulating block 8 is away from the output contact 7. One end of the lead is fixedly connected with an input contact 9, and the input contact 9 and the output contact 7 are arranged parallel to each other; two elastic contact pieces 3 are electrically connected with the input contact 9 and the output contact 7 respectively, and the input contact 9 and the output contact 7 are respectively in contact with two first graphite sheets 6 that are farthest apart; a capacitor 40 is arranged between the first graphite sheet 6 that is not in contact with the input contact 9 and the input contact 9; a transmission component, which is used to control the rotation of the output contact 7; an action component, which drives the transmission component to move by converting surge into magnetic force.

[0057] In this embodiment, the existing linear staggered series connection of graphite sheets and insulating rings is transformed into a ring-shaped series connection connected end to end, and rotatable contacts (input contact 9 and output contact 7) are provided. In actual application, the input position and the output position can be replaced between graphite sheets of various levels by rotating the contacts, so that the load of graphite sheets of various levels can be shared, and the problem of repeated strong surge impact on fixed graphite sheets can be avoided, thereby improving the service life of the surge protector;

[0058] Specifically, when a surge current is generated, the surge action component converts part of the surge current into magnetic force, generates action, and flips the output contact 7 through the transmission component. The flipping angle is controlled by the action component. Each flipping angle is the arc of the inner side of the first insulating ring 5, so that the working position of each level of the first graphite sheet 6 can be switched immediately after the surge impact.

[0059] Among them, an end module (used to make the entire protection circuit the same as the circuit principle of the traditional technology) is arranged between the output contact 7 and the elastic contact piece 3, which includes two second graphite sheets g, one of which is connected to the output contact 7 through a wire, and the other second graphite sheet g is connected to the elastic contact piece 3 through a wire, and a second insulating ring f is arranged between the two second graphite sheets g.

[0060] like Figure 4 and Figure 7 As shown, preferably, the transmission component includes a first slide rail 29 and a second slide rail 33, the first slide rail 29 and the second slide rail 33 are both fixedly connected to the side of the mounting plate 11 away from the fixed cover 4, the outer side of the first slide rail 29 is slidably connected with a first rack 30, the end of the central axis of the output contact 7 away from the insulating block 8 extends to the other side of the mounting plate 11 and is connected to a first gear 31 through a one-way bearing, the first gear 31 is meshed with the first rack 30, and the outer side of the first slide rail 29 is sleeved with a first spring 32; the outer side of the second slide rail 33 is slidably connected with a second rack 34, one end of the second rack 34 is fixedly connected with a push rod 37 for pushing the first rack 30 to move, the side of the mounting plate 11 away from the fixed cover 4 is also rotatably connected with a second gear 36, the second gear 36 is meshed with the second rack 34, and the outer side of the second slide rail 33 is sleeved with a second spring 35.

[0061] In this embodiment, the second gear 36 is rotated to drive the second rack 34 to perform linear motion, compressing the second spring 35, and further driving the ejector rod 37 to be ejected; before the swing rod 16 swings past the vertical center position, the ejector rod 37 is not in contact with the first rack 30, and after exceeding the center position, the swing rod 16 continues to swing so that the ejector rod 37 pushes the first rack 30 to move, compressing the first spring 32, thereby rotating the first gear 31. Since the central axis of the output contact 7 is connected to the first gear 31 via a one-way bearing, the output contact 7 will not be driven to rotate during the rotation of the first gear 31;

[0062] Furthermore, when the second spring 35 rebounds and pushes the second rack 34 and the push rod 37 to reset, the second gear 36 is synchronously driven to reset, so that the rocker arm 16 is reset, and correspondingly, the slide bar 14 and the limit column 15 are also reset accordingly; and the first rack 30 loses the effect of the push rod 37, so it will reset under the elastic force of the first spring 32, thereby driving the first gear 31 to rotate and reset, and driving the coaxial output contact 7, the insulating block 8 and the input contact 9 to rotate, and when the push rod 37 pushes the first rack 30 to the bottom, the corresponding flip angle of the first gear 31 is the arc angle of the inner side of the first graphite sheet 6.

[0063] Example 2

[0064] like Figure 4 , Figure 5 and Figure 6 As shown, on the basis of Example 1, the present invention provides a technical solution: preferably, the action component includes a U-shaped frame 12, the U-shaped frame 12 is fixedly connected to the side of the mounting plate 11 away from the fixed cover 4, a sliding rod 14 is slidably connected between the two sides of the U-shaped frame 12, a limiting column 15 is fixedly connected to the outside of the sliding rod 14 and located inside the U-shaped frame 12, and a first iron block 18 is fixedly connected to the outside of the limiting column 15; an electromagnetism structure used in conjunction with the first iron block 18 is provided on the inside of the U-shaped frame 12, and the electromagnetism structure is used to generate magnetic force using surge current; a cross plate 13 is fixedly connected between the inner sides of the U-shaped frame 12, a swing rod 16 is rotatably connected to one side of the cross plate 13, a central axis of the swing rod 16 extends to the other side of the cross plate 13 and is fixedly connected to the central axis of the second gear 36, and a tension spring 17 is fixedly connected between the end of the swing rod 16 and the limiting column 15; the top of the cross plate 13 is fixedly connected to the limiting frame 27.

[0065] In this embodiment, the surge current flows out from the output contact 7 and is output from the output terminal e after passing through the coil 21. When passing through the coil 21, the iron core 22 generates magnetic force, thereby attracting the first iron block 18, causing the first iron block 18 to move until it fits the positioning frame 20. During this process, the rocker arm 16 swings and drives the second gear 36 to rotate, thereby enabling the transmission component to move.

[0066] Example 3

[0067] like Figure 4 , Figure 6 and Fig.10 As shown, based on Example 2, the present invention provides a technical solution: preferably, the electromagnetism structure includes a positioning frame 20 fixedly connected to one side of the inner wall of the U-shaped frame 12, and a coil 21 is fixedly connected inside the positioning frame 20, the number of turns of the coil 21 is one-quarter of a turn, and the coil 21 is connected in series between the output contact 7 and the elastic contact piece 3; an iron core 22 is provided on one side of the inner wall of the U-shaped frame 12 close to the positioning frame 20, and the iron core 22 is a hollow structure.

[0068] However, in the above process, since the first iron block 18 is operated by the magnetic force generated by the surge current, and the surge current is usually large and uncontrollable, there may be an overload on the iron core 22, which poses a safety hazard;

[0069] In this embodiment, one end of the iron core 22 is set to a hollow structure, and the number of turns of the coil 21 is set to a quarter of a turn, so as to reduce the size of the electromagnetism.

[0070] Example 4

[0071] like Figure 4 , Figure 5 and Fig.11As shown, on the basis of Example 3, the present invention provides a technical solution: preferably, the iron core 22 is slidably connected to the U-shaped frame 12, and one end of the iron core 22 extends to the outside of the U-shaped frame 12 and is fixedly connected to a pad 23, the pad 23 is fixedly connected to the end away from the iron core 22 with a guide rod 24, one side of the U-shaped frame 12 is fixedly connected to a support frame 19, the guide rod 24 passes through to the outside of the support frame 19 and is fixedly connected to a limited position head, the guide rod 24 is slidably connected to the support frame 19, the side of the support frame 19 away from the U-shaped frame 12 is fixedly connected to a second iron block 25, and a third spring 26 is sleeved on the outer side of the guide rod 24; the end of the iron core 22 away from the pad 23 is fixedly connected to a flexible block 28.

[0072] Preferably, one end of the core 22 is hollow;

[0073] However, only by the above design, only setting the iron core 22 to be hollow and controlling the number of turns of the coil 21 can reduce the magnetic force to a certain extent, but because the magnetic force is also used to adsorb the first iron block 18, it cannot be too small. Therefore, if the magnetic force is simply reduced, it is difficult to coordinate the magnetic force to be just enough to adsorb the first iron block 18 without being overloaded.

[0074] In this embodiment, when a surge current is generated so that the first iron block 18 is adsorbed by the iron core 22, the magnetic force of the iron core 22 continues to increase, and the magnetic force increases. One end of the iron core 22 is a hollow structure, and the other end is solid. The magnetic force of the solid end is greater than that of the hollow end. When the magnetic force reaches a certain value (enough to be adsorbed by the second iron block 25), the iron core 22 will move toward the second iron block 25. During this process, the magnetic force of the iron core 22 on the first iron block 18 will also decrease (the pad 23 will squeeze the third spring 26 during the above process). A limiting structure is provided on the inner side of the support frame 19 to prevent the iron core 22 from being unable to adsorb the first iron block 18 due to excessive activity. After the above action, the iron core 22 and the coil 21 will be partially offset. Since the current is large enough, even if they are partially offset, they are sufficient to adsorb the first iron block 18, and the offset degree of the iron core 22 relative to the coil 21 is affected by the current. Under this condition, the magnetic force does not change much, but the circuit is protected, thereby avoiding the safety problem caused by overcurrent.

[0075] That is, the magnetic force on the iron core 22 is in a relatively stable dynamic equilibrium state, that is, an excessively large current will increase the current, thereby being attracted by the second iron block 25 and reducing the length in the coil 21, thereby reducing the magnetic force. When the current decreases and the magnetic force of the iron core 22 decreases, the attraction of the iron core 22 to the second iron block 25 will decrease, so it can be reset under the action of the third spring 26, thereby increasing the length in the coil 21 and increasing the magnetic force.

[0076] like Figure 3 , Figure 7 and Figure 8As shown, preferably, a rotating shell 38 is fixedly connected to the outer side of the central axis of the input contact 9, and a plurality of mounting plates 39 are fixedly connected to the outer side of the rotating shell 38. The number of mounting plates 39 is one less than the number of the first graphite sheet 6. The capacitor 40 is welded on the mounting plate 39. The inner wall of the rotating shell 38 is provided with a contact plate 41 corresponding to the mounting plate 39 one by one. The contact plate 41 is electrically connected to one of the pins of the capacitor 40, and the other pins of the plurality of capacitors 40 are electrically connected to the input contact 9 in common.

[0077] Since the output contact 7 and the input contact 9 need to be rotated for switching, and a plurality of capacitors 40 are connected in series in the circuit, they also need to be changed accordingly when the input position of the first graphite sheet 6 changes;

[0078] In this embodiment, the rotating shell 38 is fixedly connected to the outer side of the input contact 9 so that the rotating shell 38 can rotate and switch accordingly. At the same time, the capacitor 40 is installed outside the rotating shell 38 so that the capacitor 40 can flip accordingly and contact the first graphite sheet 6 through the corresponding contact sheet 41 to achieve electrical connection. The capacitor 40 is not arranged in the direction of the input contact 9, so that there is always a first graphite sheet 6 that is not connected to the capacitor 40, and the first graphite sheet 6 is in contact with the input contact 9.

[0079] like Figure 7 As shown, preferably, the first graphite sheet 6 is in a fan-shaped structure, the two surfaces connecting the first insulating ring 5 and the first graphite sheet 6 are parallel to each other, and the first insulating ring 5 and the first graphite sheet 6 together form an annular structure with circular inner and outer circles.

[0080] In this embodiment, the first insulating ring 5 is configured as a structure with two surfaces parallel to each other, and the two surfaces are respectively connected to two adjacent first graphite sheets 6, so that the gap d inside the first insulating ring 5 is equal everywhere; and the first graphite sheet 6 is configured as an annular structure, which can cooperate with the first insulating ring 5 to form an annular structure that is easy to switch, and the influence of the shape of the conductor itself is smaller than that of the insulating structure.

[0081] like Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 7 As shown, preferably, the output contact 7 includes a conductive block 71, one side of the conductive block 71 is provided with an engaging groove, a metal contact wheel 72 is rotatably connected between the inner walls of the engaging groove, the metal contact wheel 72 is in contact with the engaging groove, and a contact rail 10 is fixedly connected to one side of the first graphite sheet 6, the contact rail 10 and the metal contact wheel 72 are in contact with each other; the input contact 9 has the same structure as the output contact 7.

[0082] Since the output contact 7 and the input contact 9 need to be continuously rotated and switched, and at the same time they need to keep in contact with the first graphite sheet 6 to be energized, the relative movement of the contacts will inevitably cause great wear and tear, which will affect the service life;

[0083] In this embodiment, by setting the contact points of the two contacts and the first graphite sheet 6 in the form of rolling metal contact wheels 72, during the flipping process of the output contact 7 and the input contact 9, the metal contact wheels 72 roll, which can reduce wear while achieving flipping, thereby increasing the service life of the device; wherein, the contact rail 10 can provide a certain degree of contact area.

[0084] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, preferably, a heat dissipation hole is provided at the bottom of the replaceable module 2 .

[0085] In this embodiment, it is convenient to release the heat inside the replaceable module 2, thereby reducing the risk of burning out components.

[0086] Rotary joints are provided at locations where rotating structures such as the input contact 9 and the output contact 7 are connected to fixed locations for wire connection.

[0087] The following is a detailed description of the working principle of the multi-stage redundant surge protector.

[0088] like Figure 1-Figure 15 As shown, the improvement made in the present application is: the existing graphite sheet structure b and the insulating ring structure c are transformed from a linear staggered series connection to a ring series connection connected end to end, and the graphite sheet at the head end can be switched, so as to avoid the problem of repeated strong surge impact on the front graphite sheet. The principle diagram of the prior art is as shown in FIG. Fig.13 As shown, the structural diagram after deformation is as follows Fig.14 As shown, its schematic diagram can be expressed as follows Fig.15 As shown, after the deformation, the working principle and structure are not changed compared with the prior art, but only the shape and arrangement of the graphite sheet structure b and the insulating ring structure c are changed, so that the lightning protection effect is not affected;

[0089] When a surge occurs, the surge current enters the replaceable module 2 from the elastic contact piece 3 (input end a) located below, and first reaches the input contact 9. On the one hand, it can be directly connected to each capacitor 40, and on the other hand, it directly contacts one of the first graphite sheets 6. Among them, the capacitor 40 is short-circuited instantly under the pulse current, and the high potential of the lightning is instantly transmitted to the graphite sheet structure b connected to it. At this time, a potential difference will be generated between the positive and negative electrodes of the gap d to break down the gap d, and at the same time, a part of the energy will be discharged into the ground, and then the gaps from top to bottom will be started in sequence until all gaps are turned on. After the lightning current is discharged, the SPD returns to a high impedance state. However, since the gap d is broken down step by step, although the start time of the first gap d and the last gap d is very short, the action voltages between each level are quite different.

[0090] The surge current flows out from the output contact 7 and is output from the output terminal e after passing through the coil 21. When passing through the coil 21, the iron core 22 generates magnetic force, thereby attracting the first iron block 18, so that the first iron block 18 moves until it fits the positioning frame 20. During this process, the swing rod 16 swings and drives the second gear 36 to rotate, so that the second rack 34 makes linear motion, compresses the second spring 35, and further drives the ejector rod 37 to eject; before the swing rod 16 swings past the vertical center position, the ejector rod 37 does not contact the first rack 30, and after exceeding the center position, the swing rod 16 continues to swing so that the ejector rod 37 pushes the first rack 30 to move, compresses the first spring 32, and thus rotates the first gear 31. Since the central axis of the output contact 7 is connected to the first gear 31 through a one-way bearing, the output contact 7 will not be driven to rotate during the rotation of the first gear 31;

[0091] However, in the above process, since the action of the first iron block 18 depends on the magnetic force generated by the surge current, and the surge current is usually large and uncontrollable, in order to avoid risks, one end of the iron core 22 is set to a hollow structure, and the number of turns of the coil 21 is set to a quarter of a turn, so as to reduce the size of the electromagnetism; in addition, a protection mechanism is also set. When the surge current is generated and the first iron block 18 is adsorbed by the iron core 22, the magnetic force increases with the continued increase of the magnetic force of the iron core 22. One end of the first iron block 18 is a hollow structure, and the other end is solid. The magnetic force of the solid end is greater than that of the hollow end. When the magnetic force reaches a certain value (sufficient to be adsorbed by the second iron block 25), , the iron core 22 will move toward the second iron block 25, and in this process, the magnetic force of the iron core 22 on the first iron block 18 will also decrease (the pad 23 will squeeze the third spring 26 in the above process), and a limiting structure is set on the inner side of the support frame 19 to prevent the iron core 22 from being unable to absorb the first iron block 18 due to excessive movement; after the above action, the iron core 22 and the coil 21 will be partially offset, and because the current is large enough, even if they are partially offset, it is enough to absorb the first iron block 18, and the offset degree of the iron core 22 relative to the coil 21 is affected by the current. As a result, the magnetic force does not change much, but the circuit is protected, thereby avoiding safety problems caused by overcurrent.

[0092] When the surge disappears, there is no current in the coil 21. At this time, the iron core 22 loses its magnetism and resets under the rebound of the third spring 26; and the first iron block 18 loses its magnetic attraction, so it no longer applies a force to the rocker arm 16. At this time, the second rack 34 and the push rod 37 will be reset under the rebound of the second spring 35, and the second gear 36 will be reset, so that the rocker arm 16 is reset, and correspondingly, the slide bar 14 and the limit column 15 are also reset accordingly; and the first rack 30 loses the effect of the push rod 37, so it will be reset under the elastic force of the first spring 32, thereby driving the first gear 31 to rotate and reset, and driving the coaxial output contact 7, the insulating block 8 and the input contact 9 to rotate, and when the push rod 37 pushes the first rack 30 to the bottom, the corresponding flip angle of the first gear 31 is the arc angle on the inner side of the first graphite sheet 6. Correspondingly, when the rocker arm 16 moves under the action of the magnetic force generated by the surge current, the output contact 7 does not move; when the surge current disappears, the rocker arm 16 resets, and at the same time the output contact 7 flips the arc of a first graphite sheet 6, so that both the output contact 7 and the input contact 9 can switch to the next first graphite sheet 6, thereby completing the switching of the first end graphite sheet.

[0093] During the switching process, the rotating shell 38 will turn over synchronously, and the arc of rotation is the same, so that the capacitor 40 will change the contact target, that is, the capacitor 40 is not connected to the first graphite sheet 6 that is in direct contact with the input contact 9.

[0094] In addition, there will be smaller surges during the operation. The above design can effectively avoid the situation where the output contact 7 is deflected due to smaller surges. When a smaller surge occurs, the surge generated by the iron core 22 is not enough to absorb the first iron block 18 and make it pass the vertical center position, so the top rod 37 cannot contact the first rack 30, avoiding malfunctions caused by smaller surges (such as plugging and unplugging the main line or switching on and off electrical appliances). The surges caused by lightning are generally larger, which can easily cause the first iron block 18 to be absorbed and fit with the positioning frame 20.

[0095] The whole device is protected by a base 1 and a plurality of replaceable modules 2 connected in parallel, i.e., redundant protection, which avoids the problem of damage to the main circuit components when one of the protection structures is damaged.

[0096] The above generally describes the present invention in detail, but it is obvious to a person skilled in the art that some modifications or improvements can be made to the present invention. Therefore, modifications or improvements that do not depart from the spirit of the present invention are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A multi-level redundant surge protector, comprising a base (1), wherein the base (1) is provided with a plurality of slots, wherein each slot has a corresponding replaceable module (2) inserted therein, wherein the replaceable module (2) and the slot are connected at a portion where two elastic contacts (3) are inserted, and the elastic contacts (3) are used to realize an electrical connection between the replaceable module (2) and the base (1); characterized in that: Also includes: A mounting plate (11), the mounting plate (11) being fixedly connected to the interior of the replaceable module (2), and a fixed cover (4) being fixedly connected to one side of the mounting plate (11); A protection module, the protection module comprising a plurality of first graphite sheets (6) and first insulating rings (5) equal in number to the first graphite sheets (6), the first insulating rings (5) being fixedly connected to the inner wall of a fixed cover (4), the first insulating rings (5) being arranged in a ring shape, the first graphite sheet (6) being fixedly connected between the gaps between every two first insulating rings (5), and the first insulating rings (5) and the first graphite sheets (6) forming a closed loop; an output contact (7) being rotatably connected to a side of the fixed cover (4) close to the first insulating ring (5), the middle of the output contact (7) An insulating block (8) is fixedly connected to the spindle portion, and an input contact (9) is fixedly connected to one end of the insulating block (8) away from the output contact (7), and the input contact (9) and the output contact (7) are arranged parallel to each other; the two elastic contact sheets (3) are respectively electrically connected to the input contact (9) and the output contact (7) in a one-to-one correspondence, and the input contact (9) and the output contact (7) are respectively in contact with two first graphite sheets (6) that are farthest apart; a capacitor (40) is arranged between the first graphite sheet (6) that is not in contact with the input contact (9) and the input contact (9); A transmission component, the transmission component being used to control the rotation of the output contact (7); The action component converts the electric surge into magnetic force to drive the transmission component to move.

2. The multi-level redundant surge protector according to claim 1, characterized in that: The transmission component comprises a first slide rail (29) and a second slide rail (33), the first slide rail (29) and the second slide rail (33) are both fixedly connected to a side of the mounting plate (11) away from the fixed cover (4), the outer side of the first slide rail (29) is slidably connected to a first rack (30), an end of the central axis of the output contact (7) away from the insulating block (8) extends to the other side of the mounting plate (11) and is connected to a first gear (31) via a one-way bearing, and the first gear (31) is meshedly connected to the first rack (30). The first slide rail (29) is sleeved with a first spring (32); the second slide rail (33) is slidably connected to the outside of the second rack (34); one end of the second rack (34) is fixedly connected to a push rod (37) for pushing the first rack (30) to move; the side of the mounting plate (11) away from the fixed cover (4) is also rotatably connected to a second gear (36); the second gear (36) is meshingly connected to the second rack (34); and the second slide rail (33) is sleeved with a second spring (35).

3. The multi-level redundant surge protector according to claim 2, characterized in that: The action component comprises a U-shaped frame (12), the U-shaped frame (12) being fixedly connected to a side of the mounting plate (11) away from the fixed cover (4), a sliding rod (14) being slidably connected between the two sides of the U-shaped frame (12), a limiting column (15) being fixedly connected to the outside of the sliding rod (14) and located inside the U-shaped frame (12), and a first iron block (18) being fixedly connected to the outside of the limiting column (15); an electromagnetism structure for use with the first iron block (18) is provided on the inside of the U-shaped frame (12). The electromagnetism structure is used to generate magnetic force by using surge current; a horizontal plate (13) is fixedly connected between the inner sides of the U-shaped frame (12); a swing rod (16) is rotatably connected to one side of the horizontal plate (13); a central axis of the swing rod (16) extends to the other side of the horizontal plate (13) and is fixedly connected to the central axis of the second gear (36); a tension spring (17) is fixedly connected between the end of the swing rod (16) and the limit column (15); and a limit frame (27) is fixedly connected to the top of the horizontal plate (13).

4. The multi-level redundant surge protector according to claim 3, characterized in that: The electromagnetism structure comprises a positioning frame (20) fixedly connected to one side of the inner wall of the U-shaped frame (12), a coil (21) being fixedly connected inside the positioning frame (20), and the coil (21) being connected in series between the output contact (7) and the elastic contact piece (3); an iron core (22) is provided on one side of the inner wall of the U-shaped frame (12) close to the positioning frame (20), and one end of the iron core (22) is a hollow structure.

5. The multi-level redundant surge protector according to claim 4, characterized in that: The iron core (22) is slidably connected to the U-shaped frame (12), and one end of the iron core (22) extends to the outside of the U-shaped frame (12) and is fixedly connected to a pad (23), one end of the pad (23) away from the iron core (22) is fixedly connected to a guide rod (24), one side of the U-shaped frame (12) is fixedly connected to a support frame (19), the guide rod (24) passes through the outside of the support frame (19) and is fixedly connected to a limit head, the guide rod (24) is slidably connected to the support frame (19), one side of the support frame (19) away from the U-shaped frame (12) is fixedly connected to a second iron block (25), and a third spring (26) is sleeved on the outer side of the guide rod (24); one end of the iron core (22) away from the pad (23) is fixedly connected to a flexible block (28).

6. The multi-level redundant surge protector according to claim 5, characterized in that: A rotating shell (38) is fixedly connected to the outer side of the central axis of the input contact (9), and a plurality of mounting plates (39) are fixedly connected to the outer side of the rotating shell (38), the number of the mounting plates (39) being one less than the number of the first graphite plate (6), the capacitor (40) being welded to the mounting plate (39), and a contact plate (41) corresponding to the mounting plate (39) is provided on the inner wall of the rotating shell (38), the contact plate (41) being electrically connected to one of the pins of the capacitor (40), and the other pins of the plurality of capacitors (40) being electrically connected to the input contact (9) in common.

7. The multi-level redundant surge protector according to claim 6, characterized in that: The first graphite sheet (6) has a fan-shaped structure, and two surfaces connecting the first insulating ring (5) and the first graphite sheet (6) are parallel to each other.

8. The multi-level redundant surge protector according to claim 7, characterized in that: The output contact (7) comprises a conductive block (71), one side of the conductive block (71) is provided with an engaging groove, a metal contact wheel (72) is rotatably connected between the inner walls of the engaging groove, the metal contact wheel (72) is in contact with the engaging groove, and one side of the first graphite sheet (6) is fixedly connected with a contact rail (10), the contact rail (10) and the metal contact wheel (72) are in contact with each other; The input contact (9) has the same structure as the output contact (7).

9. The multi-level redundant surge protector according to claim 8, characterized in that: The bottom of the replaceable module (2) is provided with heat dissipation holes.

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