Ammonia plasma ignition burner

Abstract

The present invention relates to the technical field of energy conversion, and in particular to an ammonia plasma ignition burner and a combustion method, comprising an ammonia plasma igniter, an injection box, an ammonia supply device and a diverter, wherein the diverter comprises an injection module and a heat recovery channel; the injection module is connected to the front side of the injection box and communicated with the inner cavity of the injection box, and the ignition zone can preheat the injection module and ignite the ammonia output by the injection module to the combustion zone; the heat recovery channel communicates the inner cavity of the injection box and a first combustion chamber, so that the ammonia in the inner cavity of the injection box flows back to the first combustion chamber and is ignited, and the beneficial effect is that the ammonia plasma igniter plays an ignition role in the initial stage of combustion, and when the ammonia in the injection box can reach the temperature of autonomous combustion, it still maintains self-sustaining combustion after the ammonia plasma ignition burner is turned off, thereby ensuring the reliability of the ammonia plasma ignition burner.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of energy conversion, and in particular to an ammonia plasma ignition burner and a combustion method. Background Art

[0002] Green hydrogen produced from renewable energy has great potential as a renewable clean fuel, but its low energy density, low ignition energy, and low liquefaction temperature pose great challenges to the safety of transportation and storage. Using nitrogen and hydrogen in the air to further synthesize ammonia is a promising renewable energy source. The only products of complete combustion are gas and water. It can be liquefied at room temperature of 8.7 atmospheres or minus 33 degrees Celsius. The production and transportation process is already quite mature, and it has attracted widespread attention as a hydrogen storage medium.

[0003] Ammonia is a fuel. At room temperature, it is a gas with a pungent smell, no color, and high corrosiveness. In addition, ammonia has a low laminar combustion velocity and calorific value, a high ignition capacity, a high ignition temperature, and a narrow explosion limit, between 16% and 25%. Therefore, ammonia has poor combustion characteristics and is difficult to ignite. Ammonia is a hydrogen-containing fuel with a higher hydrogen storage density than liquid hydrogen, so ammonia can be directly burned after adjusting the burner. At present, the main domestic method is to mix ammonia with a fuel that can accelerate the combustion reaction of ammonia to achieve ignition and self-sustaining combustion performance requirements, such as ammonia-hydrogen, ammonia-diesel, ammonia-gasoline, ammonia-liquefied natural gas, ammonia-methane, etc. This adds two fuel supply systems, which increases the complexity and unreliability of the system, increases weight and volume, and also brings many risks. Therefore, how to quickly ignite under the condition of an ammonia fuel and maintain the requirements of efficient and sustainable combustion has become an urgent problem to be solved. Summary of the invention

[0004] 1. Technical issues to be resolved

[0005] In view of the above-mentioned shortcomings and deficiencies of the prior art, the present invention provides an ammonia plasma ignition burner, which solves the technical problem that the ammonia burner in the prior art cannot ignite quickly under the condition of an ammonia fuel and can maintain efficient and sustainable combustion.

[0006] (II) Technical solution

[0007] In order to achieve the above object, the main technical solutions adopted by the present invention include:

[0008] In the first aspect, the present invention provides an ammonia plasma ignition burner, comprising an ammonia plasma igniter, an injection box, an ammonia supply device and a diverter device, wherein a combustion zone is formed at the front side of the injection box; the ammonia plasma igniter comprises a first flame guide tube, and the inner cavity of the first flame guide tube forms a first combustion chamber of the ammonia plasma igniter; the first flame guide tube is located at the rear side of the injection box, and the front end thereof passes through the injection box to form a first preheating zone in the inner cavity of the injection box; the front end of the first flame guide tube forms an opening structure connected to the combustion zone to form an ignition zone; the outlet end of the ammonia supply device is connected to the inner cavity of the injection box; the diverter device comprises an injection module and a heat recovery channel; the injection module is connected to the front side of the injection box and is connected to the inner cavity of the injection box, and the ignition zone can preheat the injection module and ignite the ammonia output by the injection module to the combustion zone; the heat recovery channel connects the inner cavity of the injection box and the first combustion chamber, so that the ammonia in the inner cavity of the injection box flows back to the first combustion chamber and is ignited.

[0009] In a second aspect, the present invention provides a combustion method of an ammonia plasma ignition burner, which is applied to the ammonia plasma ignition burner in the above technical solution, and the combustion method comprises:

[0010] S1: Control the operation of the ammonia plasma igniter so that the first flame guide continuously outputs burning ammonia gas, so that the first preheating zone and the ignition zone preheat the inner cavity of the injection box and the injection module;

[0011] S2: Based on the inner cavity of the injection box and the injection module being heated to a specified temperature, controlling the ammonia supply device to input ammonia into the inner cavity of the injection box;

[0012] S3: Based on the continuous ignition of the ammonia burning in the first combustion chamber and the continuous output of ammonia by the heat recovery channel, the ammonia plasma igniter is controlled to stop working.

[0013] (III) Beneficial effects

[0014] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: the ammonia plasma ignition burner of the present invention utilizes only one fuel, namely ammonia gas, thus being beneficial to improving the integrity and consistency of the burner and reducing the cost.

[0015] A first combustion chamber is formed inside the first flame guide tube. This chamber is where the initial combustion of ammonia occurs. The front end of the first flame guide tube is designed as an open structure that penetrates the injection box, so that the high-temperature flame and heat generated by the plasma ignition can be directly radiated to the first preheating zone, which is convenient for heating the ammonia in the injection box, and under the flow of the burning mixed gas, an ignition zone can also be formed on the front side of the injection box to ignite the high-temperature ammonia output by the injection module. At the same time, the burning mixed gas output by the first combustion chamber can also preheat the injection module, thereby increasing the temperature of the ammonia output by the injection module, which is conducive to ensuring that the ammonia is ignited.

[0016] The injection module and the heat recovery channel divide the ammonia into two output directions. Most of the ammonia is output through the injection module and can be ignited by the first flame duct, and a small part is output to the inside of the first flame duct through the heat recovery channel. Before the ammonia plasma igniter stops working, this small part of ammonia can be ignited, and after ignition, it can still remain in the first combustion chamber for a period of time. In this way, even if the ammonia plasma igniter stops working, the ammonia output by the heat recovery channel can still be ignited.

[0017] In this way, the ammonia plasma igniter plays an ignition role in the initial stage of combustion. When the ammonia in the injection box can reach the temperature of autonomous combustion, it still maintains self-sustaining combustion after the ammonia plasma ignition burner is turned off, thereby ensuring the reliability of the use of the ammonia plasma ignition burner. The ammonia plasma igniter does not need to keep working all the time, thereby reducing the energy consumption of the ammonia plasma ignition burner.

[0018] In addition, the invention patent adopts an ammonia plasma igniter to form a high-temperature and highly active hydrogen-containing mixture, which can realize the combustion operation of ammonia in the ignition stage without the need to configure high-pressure air or adopt a blower air intake method, further reducing energy consumption and costs and improving ignition reliability. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] Figure 1 This is one of the structural schematic diagrams of the ammonia plasma ignition burner of the present invention;

[0020] Figure 2 This is the second structural schematic diagram of the ammonia plasma ignition burner of the present invention;

[0021] Figure 3 This is the third structural schematic diagram of the ammonia plasma ignition burner of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 4 This is the fourth structural schematic diagram of the ammonia plasma ignition burner of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 5 For the present invention Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the middle BB;

[0024] Figure 6 For the present invention Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of AA;

[0025] Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the injection module of the present invention.

[0026] [Description of Reference Numerals]

[0027] 1. Ammonia plasma igniter; 11. First flame duct; 12. Connecting part; 13. Plasma shell; 14. Air intake ceramic ring; 15. Electrode; 16. Ammonia air inlet; 2. Injection box; 3. Ammonia supply device; 31. Gas collecting box; 310. Air inlet hole; 32. Intermediate pipeline; 33. Ammonia injection device; 331. Jet tube; 332. Jet nozzle; 333. Air intake damper; 4. Diverter; 41. Injection module; 411. Nozzle; 412. Cover; 413. Turbine; 42. Heat recovery channel; 5. Intake pipe; 6. Second flame duct. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0028] In order to better explain the present invention, so as to facilitate understanding, the following Figure 1-7 , the present invention is described in detail through specific implementation methods. Figure 5 or Figure 6 The orientation is used as a reference.

[0029] Embodiment 1:

[0030] Reference Figure 1-Figure 7 The embodiment of the present invention provides an ammonia plasma ignition burner, comprising an ammonia plasma igniter 1, an injection box 2, an ammonia supply device 3 and a diverter 4, wherein the front side of the injection box 2 forms a combustion zone; the ammonia plasma igniter 1 comprises a first flame guide 11, the front end of the first flame guide 11 penetrates the injection box 2 and extends to the front side of the injection box 2 to form a first preheating zone in the inner cavity of the injection box 2, and the front end of the first flame guide 11 forms an opening structure connected with the combustion zone to form an ignition zone; the first flame guide 11 The inner cavity forms the first combustion cavity of the ammonia plasma igniter 1; the outlet end of the ammonia supply device 3 is connected to the inner cavity of the injection box 2; the diverter device 4 includes an injection module 41 and a heat recovery channel 42, the injection module 41 is connected to the front side of the injection box 2 and is connected to the inner cavity of the injection box 2, the ignition zone can preheat the injection module 41 and ignite the ammonia output by the injection module 41 to the combustion zone; the heat recovery channel 42 connects the inner cavity of the injection box 2 and the first combustion cavity, so that the ammonia in the inner cavity of the injection box 2 flows back to the first combustion cavity and is ignited.

[0031] The ammonia plasma ignition burner also includes an ammonia cracking catalyst arranged in the injection box 2; the ammonia cracking catalyst includes a combination of one or more nickel-based, ruthenium-based and iron-based ammonia cracking catalysts to promote the cracking of ammonia at high temperature, generate part of hydrogen to promote ammonia combustion, and thus help improve the combustion efficiency of ammonia.

[0032] The ammonia plasma ignition burner of the present invention utilizes only one fuel, namely ammonia, and thus is beneficial to improving the integrity and consistency of the burner.

[0033] In this embodiment, a first combustion chamber is formed inside the first flame guide 11. This chamber is where the initial combustion of ammonia occurs. The front end of the first flame guide 11 is designed as an open structure that penetrates the injection box 2, so that the high-temperature flame and heat generated by the plasma ignition can be directly radiated to the first preheating zone, which is convenient for heating the ammonia in the injection box 2, and under the flow of the burning mixed gas, an ignition zone can also be formed on the front side of the injection box 2 to ignite the high-temperature ammonia output by the injection module 41. At the same time, the burning mixed gas output by the first combustion chamber can also preheat the injection module 41, thereby increasing the temperature of the ammonia output by the injection module 41, which is conducive to ensuring that the ammonia is ignited.

[0034] The injection module 41 and the heat recovery channel 42 divide the ammonia into two output directions. Most of the ammonia is output through the injection module 41 and can be ignited by the first flame duct 11, and a small part is output to the inside of the first flame duct 11 through the heat recovery channel 42. Before the ammonia plasma igniter 1 stops working, this small part of ammonia can be ignited, and after ignition, it can still remain in the first combustion chamber for a period of time. In this way, even if the ammonia plasma igniter 1 stops working, the ammonia output by the heat recovery channel 42 can still be ignited.

[0035] In this way, the ammonia plasma igniter 1 plays an ignition role in the initial stage of combustion. When the ammonia in the injection box 2 can reach the temperature of autonomous combustion, it still maintains self-sustaining combustion after the ammonia plasma ignition burner is turned off, thereby ensuring the reliability of the use of the ammonia plasma ignition burner. The ammonia plasma igniter 1 does not need to keep working all the time, thereby reducing the energy consumption of the ammonia plasma ignition burner.

[0036] In addition, the invention patent adopts an ammonia plasma igniter 1 to form a high-temperature and highly active hydrogen-containing mixed gas, and can realize the combustion operation of ammonia in the ignition stage without the need to separately configure high-pressure air or adopt a blast air intake method, further reducing energy consumption and costs and improving ignition reliability.

[0037] Specifically, the injection box 2 is configured as a rotating box body, in the middle of which a through hole for penetrating the first flame guide tube 11 is reserved, and the two are configured in a coaxial form to ensure structural stability.

[0038] Through holes are distributed on the first flame duct 11 .

[0039] Embodiment 2:

[0040] Reference Figure 1-Figure 6 In addition to all the technical solutions of the above embodiments, the embodiments of the present invention further have the following technical solutions:

[0041] The ammonia supply device 3 includes an air collecting box 31 and an intermediate pipe 32. The inner cavity of the air collecting box 31 and the inner cavity of the injection box 2 are connected through the intermediate pipe 32. The first flame duct 11 is arranged between the air collecting box 31 and the injection box 2. The projection of the intermediate pipe 32 on the first plane falls within the contour of the projection of the air collecting box 31 and the injection box 2 on the first plane; the first plane is a plane perpendicular to the front and rear directions of the ammonia plasma ignition burner; the circumferential periphery of the first flame duct 11 forms a second preheating zone, and the intermediate pipes 32 can be arranged in multiple numbers and distributed in the second preheating zone along the circumference of the first flame duct 11.

[0042] In this embodiment, the gas collecting box 31 is used as a centralized storage and distribution device for ammonia gas, and its inner cavity is connected to the inner cavity of the injection box 2 through the intermediate pipe 32. This design helps to ensure that ammonia gas can be evenly and stably supplied to the injection box 2.

[0043] The intermediate pipes 32 may be provided in a plurality and circumferentially distributed on the periphery of the first flame conduit 11. This layout not only increases the number of channels for ammonia to enter the injection box 2, but also utilizes the high temperature generated by the first flame conduit 11 to preheat the gas flowing through the intermediate pipes 32. The preheated gas has a higher temperature when entering the injection box 2, which is conducive to the combustion process of ammonia.

[0044] The second preheating zone is formed at the circumferential periphery of the first flame duct 11. When plasma ignition and preliminary combustion occur in the first flame duct 11, the generated high temperature is radiated to the second preheating zone.

[0045] That is, the method of preheating the intermediate pipe 32 in this embodiment can exist simultaneously with the method of preheating the ammonia in the injection box 2 through the first preheating zone in Example 1, and the method of preheating the injection module 41 through the ignition zone, thereby further improving the combustion efficiency of the mixed gas, and helping to achieve more complete and efficient combustion of ammonia, thereby making it easier for the temperature of the mixed gas in the combustion zone to reach the required temperature threshold, further ensuring that the ammonia plasma ignition burner in this embodiment can achieve self-sustaining combustion.

[0046] Since the projection of the intermediate pipe 32 along the front-rear axis direction falls within the contours of the projections of the gas collecting box 31 and the injection box 2 along the front-rear direction, it is beneficial to the compactness of the structure of the ammonia plasma ignition burner and reduces its space occupancy.

[0047] Specifically, the gas collecting box 31 is also configured to be a rotating box-shaped, and is coaxial with the first flame duct 11 to ensure structural stability.

[0048] The two ends of the first flame duct 11 are connected to the gas collecting box 31 and the injection box 2 by welding.

[0049] Embodiment 3:

[0050] Reference Figure 1-Figure 6 In addition to all the technical solutions of any of the above embodiments, the embodiments of the present invention further have the following technical solutions:

[0051] The ammonia plasma ignition burner also includes an air intake pipe 5 connected to the combustion zone; the air intake pipe 5 passes through the gas collecting box 31 and the injection box 2 so that the projection of the air intake pipe 5 on the first plane falls within the contour of the projection of the gas collecting box 31 and the injection box 2 on the first plane; the air intake pipe 5 can be arranged in multiple numbers and distributed in the second preheating zone along the circumference of the first flame guide tube 11.

[0052] In this embodiment, the main function of the air intake pipe 5 is to introduce external air or oxygen into the combustion zone, and form a combustible mixed gas after mixing with the ammonia gas sprayed from the ammonia injection device 33. This mixed gas is ignited in the combustion zone and a combustion reaction occurs, releasing energy.

[0053] The air intake pipe 5 is designed to penetrate the air collecting box 31 and the injection box 2, which means that it passes through the internal spaces of these two components to ensure that air can smoothly enter the combustion zone. In addition, the arrangement of the air intake pipe 5 has also been carefully considered, and its projection along the front-to-back axis direction falls within the contour of the projection of the air collecting box 31 and the injection box 2 along the front-to-back direction. This layout helps to reduce the overall size of the burner and improve space utilization.

[0054] The air inlet pipe 5 can be provided in multiple numbers to meet the requirements of air flow under different working conditions. The multiple air inlet pipes 5 can be dispersedly arranged at different positions of the burner to provide more uniform air distribution.

[0055] The air inlet pipes 5 are distributed in the second preheating zone along the circumference of the first flame guide 11. This distribution helps to ensure that sufficient air enters the combustion zone from all directions and is fully mixed with the ammonia. At the same time, due to the existence of the second preheating zone, the incoming air will also be preheated to a certain temperature, thereby improving the combustion efficiency and stability.

[0056] Embodiment 4:

[0057] Reference Figure 1-Figure 6 In addition to all the technical solutions of any of the above embodiments, the embodiments of the present invention further have the following technical solutions:

[0058] The ammonia plasma igniter 1 also includes an ionization part and a connecting part 12, the outlet end of the ionization part is connected to the first combustion chamber through the connecting part 12; the connecting part 12 passes through the gas collecting box 31 and is supported on the gas collecting box 31, and an air inlet hole 310 is opened at a position of the gas collecting box 31 close to the inlet end of the connecting part 12, and a first negative pressure area is formed between the air inlet hole 310 and the inlet end of the connecting part 12, so that air enters the connecting part 12 from the air inlet hole 310; the outlet end of the connecting part 12 is connected to the first combustion chamber; the connecting part 12 is configured to be a cone with the large end facing the first flame guide tube 11.

[0059] In this embodiment, the ionization unit is one of the core components of the plasma igniter, which can directly ionize ammonia to form a high-temperature and highly active hydrogen-containing mixed gas. Therefore, there is no need to separately configure high-pressure air or adopt a blast air intake method, thereby reducing energy consumption.

[0060] The outlet end of the ionization part is connected to the first combustion chamber through the connecting part 12, so as to ensure that the plasma can smoothly enter the first combustion chamber and initiate the combustion reaction.

[0061] The connecting portion 12 is designed to be conical, with the large end facing the first flame guide tube 11. This design is not only conducive to the smooth flow of airflow, but also enhances the structural strength of the connecting portion 12, so that it can be stably supported on the gas collecting box 31, and can also diffuse the mixed gas when it is output by the connecting portion 12, which is conducive to improving the combustion efficiency of the mixed gas.

[0062] An air inlet hole 310 is provided at the position of the air collecting box 31 near the inlet end of the connecting part 12, and a first negative pressure zone is formed between the air collecting box 31 and the inlet end of the connecting part 12. When the ionization part is working, the air flow in the connecting part 12 will produce a certain negative pressure effect, attracting air from the air inlet hole 310 into the connecting part 12. In this way, the air can be preliminarily mixed with the plasma generated by ionization in the connecting part 12, preparing for the subsequent combustion reaction. This natural air inhalation method simplifies the complexity of the air supply system, while improving the response speed and stability of the system.

[0063] Specifically, a plurality of air inlets may be provided and circumferentially distributed around the inlet end of the connecting portion 12 to ensure that the connecting portion 12 has a sufficient air intake volume.

[0064] The ionization part includes a plasma shell 13, an air intake ceramic ring 14, an electrode 15 and a high-voltage cable; the electrode 15 is supported on the inner wall of the air intake ceramic ring 14; the plasma shell is connected to the rear end of the air intake ceramic ring 14; the rear end of the connecting part 12 is matched with the front end of the air intake ceramic ring 14 to form an air intake channel that allows air to enter the connecting part 12; the high-voltage cable passes through the plasma shell 13 and is electrically connected to the electrode 15, and an ammonia inlet 16 connected to the inner cavity of the air intake ceramic ring 14 is opened on the plasma shell 13; the outlet end of the air intake ceramic ring 14 forms a cyclone part for rotating the gas and outputting it.

[0065] In this embodiment, an ammonia inlet 16 is provided on the plasma shell 13 to allow ammonia to enter the interior of the ionization section. The air intake ceramic ring 14 is located at the front end of the plasma shell 13, and the electrode 15 is supported on its inner wall. The air intake ceramic ring 14 not only guides the airflow, but also optimizes the flow characteristics of the airflow through the cyclone section. The electrode 15 is a key component for generating plasma. When a high voltage current passes through the electrode 15, a high-temperature plasma is generated around it. The connecting portion 12 is matched with the front end gap of the air intake ceramic ring 14 to form an air intake channel. This design allows air to enter the connecting portion 12 through the air intake channel and mix with the plasma generated by ionization.

[0066] The layout of this embodiment can optimize the compactness of the structure of the ammonia plasma igniter 1, thereby helping to reduce the overall space occupied by the ammonia plasma ignition burner.

[0067] When the gas passes through the cyclone, it will be subjected to a certain rotational force, so that the gas is output in a rotating manner. The cyclone can be set as a spiral channel. The rotating airflow helps to enhance the turbulent mixing between the gases and improve the mixing uniformity of plasma and air, thereby accelerating the speed of the combustion reaction and improving the combustion efficiency.

[0068] The ammonia plasma igniter 1 further comprises a conical net supported in the first flame guide tube 11 . The conical nets are provided in two with their small ends close to each other, and a large end of one conical net faces the connecting portion 12 .

[0069] In this embodiment, the conical net is used to further disperse the burning ammonia output by the connection part, which is conducive to making it burn more evenly, thereby reducing energy consumption.

[0070] Embodiment 5:

[0071] Reference Figure 3-Figure 7 In addition to all the technical solutions of any of the above embodiments, the embodiments of the present invention further have the following technical solutions:

[0072] There are multiple injection modules 41, and each includes a nozzle 411, a cover 412 and a turbine 413; one end of the nozzle 411 is connected to the inner cavity of the injection box 2, the cover 412 is covered on the corresponding nozzle 411, and the turbine 413 is connected to the outlet end of the cover 412 in a one-to-one rotation along the first axis. The first axis is parallel to the gas output direction of the nozzle 411, so that the turbine 413 can operate passively.

[0073] Specifically, the output end of the nozzle 411 can be configured as a small hole structure to increase the output pressure of the burning mixture and reduce the output volume of the burning mixture, thereby helping to save energy consumption and improve energy utilization.

[0074] By providing a plurality of injection modules 41, multi-point injection and combustion can be achieved, thereby increasing the flame distribution range and density, which helps to improve the overall combustion efficiency and reduce the combustion unevenness caused by local high or low temperatures.

[0075] One end of the nozzle 411 is connected to the inner cavity of the spray box 2, and the turbine 413 is rotatably connected to the cover 412 along the first axis. This design enables the turbine 413 to passively rotate with the spray airflow, thereby achieving effective utilization and conversion of energy.

[0076] The passive operation of turbine 413 means that it rotates only by the impact force of the jet airflow without relying on an external power source. When nozzle 411 ejects a high-speed airflow, the airflow impacts the blades of turbine 413 and causes it to rotate. This mechanism not only simplifies the system structure, but also improves the reliability and stability of the system. Turbine 413 can break up the airflow output by nozzle 411 and make it evenly dispersed, which is conducive to further saving energy consumption, improving combustion uniformity, and improving energy utilization.

[0077] The rotation of the turbine 413 can also promote the mixing of the injected ammonia and air, enhance the turbulence level in the combustion zone, and thus improve the combustion efficiency.

[0078] In the entire injection module 41, the nozzle 411 is responsible for injecting the mixed gas, and the turbine 413 optimizes the injection effect and promotes the combustion process through passive operation. The simultaneous operation of multiple modules makes the flame in the combustion zone more uniform and stable, and the combustion efficiency is significantly improved.

[0079] Embodiment 6:

[0080] Reference Figure 4 In addition to all the technical solutions of any of the above embodiments, the embodiments of the present invention further have the following technical solutions:

[0081] The axis of the injection module 41 extends along the front-rear direction, and the extension positions of the outlet ends of the injection module 41 relative to the axis in the front-rear direction are not all the same, so that the outlet end of the nozzle 411 forms a stepped combustion zone.

[0082] In this embodiment, the axes of the injection modules 41 all extend in the front-rear direction, which helps to ensure that the injected airflow can enter the combustion zone in a predetermined direction;

[0083] The outlet ends of the injection modules 41 are not all located at the same position relative to the axis, that is, they are not all located on the same plane, but are distributed at different axial positions. This differentiated design enables the ejected airflow to form a stepped distribution.

[0084] Due to the different positions of the outlet ends of the injection modules 41, the injected airflow forms a stepped combustion zone. This stepped layout helps to increase the contact area and combustion time of the flame, so that the mixed gas can burn more fully.

[0085] At the same time, the stepped combustion zone can also promote the disturbance and mixing of ammonia and air, improving combustion efficiency and stability. When ammonia passes through the stepped area, eddies and turbulence will be generated. These complex flow phenomena help to enhance the mixing degree of the mixed gas in the combustion zone and promote the combustion reaction process.

[0086] The formation of the stepped combustion zone makes the flame distribution more uniform and reduces the occurrence of local high and low temperature areas. This helps to reduce the emission of harmful substances such as nitrogen oxides generated during the combustion process and improve the cleanliness of combustion.

[0087] In addition, since the stepped design increases the flame contact area and combustion time, the mixed gas can burn more fully, thereby improving combustion efficiency and energy utilization.

[0088] The design of the stepped injection module 41 layout also improves the adaptability and flexibility of the system. By adjusting the outlet positions of different injection modules 41, the flame distribution and combustion intensity in the combustion chamber can be accurately controlled to meet the combustion requirements under different working conditions and load requirements.

[0089] Embodiment 7:

[0090] Reference Figure 5 and Figure 6 In addition to all the technical solutions of any of the above embodiments, the embodiments of the present invention further have the following technical solutions:

[0091] It also includes a second flame guide 6 which is supported on the injection box 2 . The inner cavity of the second flame guide 6 forms a second combustion chamber accommodating all injection modules 41 . The second flame guide 6 can be configured to have the same structure as the first flame guide 11 .

[0092] In this embodiment, the second flame duct 6 provides a confined space for the mixing of ammonia and air, which helps to promote more complete mixing and more uniform combustion of the two, thereby improving the combustion efficiency.

[0093] By limiting the combustion area, the second flame duct 6 helps to reduce the fluctuation and instability of the flame, making the combustion process more stable and reliable.

[0094] Embodiment 8:

[0095] Reference Figure 1-Figure 7 In addition to all the technical solutions of any of the above embodiments, the embodiments of the present invention further have the following technical solutions:

[0096] The ammonia supply device 3 also includes an ammonia injection device 33 connected to the inner cavity of the gas collecting box 31; the ammonia injection device 33 includes a jet tube 331 and a jet nozzle 332, the outlet end of the jet tube 331 is connected to the inner cavity of the gas collecting box 31, and when the jet nozzle 332 outputs ammonia, a second negative pressure area can be formed between the jet tube 331 and the jet nozzle 332;

[0097] A narrow flow channel is formed in the middle of the jet tube 331, and the jet nozzle 332 extends toward the narrow flow channel; the jet tube 331 corresponds to the positions on both sides of the axial direction of the narrow flow channel, forming a tapered channel that gradually expands away from the narrow flow channel, and the tapered channels are connected to the narrow flow channel.

[0098] The ammonia supply device 3 may further include an air intake damper 333 disposed in the second negative pressure area.

[0099] A narrow flow channel is formed in the middle of the jet tube 331 to limit the initial flow rate and flow direction of the ammonia gas, thereby enhancing the stability and concentration of the jet.

[0100] The jet nozzle 332 extends into the narrow channel, and its function is to further accelerate the flow of ammonia gas and form a high-speed jet at the outlet of the nozzle 411. When ammonia gas is ejected through the jet nozzle 332, due to the increase in flow velocity and the contraction effect of the nozzle 411, a low-pressure area, i.e., a second negative pressure area, is generated between the jet tube 331 and the jet nozzle 332.

[0101] As mentioned above, the second negative pressure area is formed due to the Bernoulli effect generated when the jet nozzle 332 outputs ammonia. This negative pressure area not only helps to stabilize the jet of ammonia, but also provides power for the inhalation of external air, so that the mixed gas of ammonia and air output by the ammonia supply device 3 is conducive to more complete combustion of ammonia and improves the combustion efficiency of ammonia.

[0102] The jet tubes 331 correspond to the positions on both sides of the axial direction of the narrow flow channel, forming tapered channels that gradually expand away from the narrow flow channel. These tapered channels are connected to the narrow flow channel, providing a larger space and a more complex flow field for further mixing of ammonia and air, which is conducive to the full mixing of ammonia and air.

[0103] The air intake damper 333 is arranged at the second negative pressure area to adjust and control the amount of air entering the tapered channel. By adjusting the opening of the air intake damper 333, the mixing ratio of ammonia and air can be accurately controlled to meet the needs under different working conditions. This design improves the flexibility and adaptability of the ammonia supply device 3.

[0104] Furthermore, this air supply method may exist simultaneously with the air supply method in Example 3, or may exist independently of the air supply method in Example 3. Preferably, they exist simultaneously to ensure sufficient air supply for the combustion process of ammonia.

[0105] Embodiment 9:

[0106] Reference Figure 1-7 In addition to providing a combustion method of an ammonia plasma ignition burner, the embodiment of the present invention is applied to the ammonia plasma ignition burner in any of the above embodiments, and the combustion method includes:

[0107] S1: Control the ammonia plasma igniter 1 to work so that the first flame guide 11 continuously outputs burning ammonia gas, so that the first preheating zone and the ignition zone preheat the inner cavity of the injection box 2 and the injection module 41;

[0108] S2: Based on the inner cavity of the injection box 2 and the injection module 41 being heated to a specified temperature, the ammonia supply device 3 is controlled to input ammonia into the inner cavity of the injection box 2;

[0109] S3: Based on the continuous ignition of the ammonia burning in the first combustion chamber and the continuous output of ammonia by the heat recovery channel 42, the ammonia plasma igniter 1 is controlled to stop working.

[0110] In the combustion method of an ammonia plasma ignition burner, for the ammonia plasma ignition burner in any of the above embodiments, the method ensures effective ignition, stable combustion and efficient utilization of ammonia through the following steps, which are as follows.

[0111] Step 1: Start and preheat the ammonia plasma igniter 1

[0112] Step description: First, the ammonia plasma igniter 1 is controlled to start working. The igniter uses the high temperature characteristics of plasma to ignite the ammonia gas entering the first flame conduit 11, so that the ammonia gas continues to burn in the first flame conduit 11.

[0113] The ammonia gas in the first flame guide 11 is continuously burned and generates sufficient heat through the ignition effect of the ammonia plasma igniter 1. This heat preheats the inner cavity of the injection box 2 and the injection module 41 located in the first preheating zone and the ignition zone through heat conduction or radiation. The preheating process is crucial for the subsequent ammonia injection and mixing because it can improve the ignition success rate and combustion efficiency of the ammonia gas.

[0114] Step 2: Ammonia and air supply

[0115] Condition judgment: This step is performed only after confirming that the inner cavity of the injection box 2 and the injection module 41 are heated to the specified temperature by the first preheating zone and the ignition zone. The specified temperature is a key parameter to ensure that ammonia can burn stably, such as 400-600°C.

[0116] Description of steps: Control the ammonia supply device 3 to input ammonia into the inner cavity of the injection box 2. When the combustion zone is an open structure, the ammonia and the external air can be mixed in the combustion zone so as to be ignited by the flame sprayed from the first flame duct 11. The sprayed ammonia helps to mix with the air, thereby helping to improve the ignition success rate and combustion stability of the ammonia.

[0117] Step 3: Stopping and continuous combustion of ammonia plasma igniter 1

[0118] Condition judgment: Based on the continuous ignition of the ammonia burning in the first flame guide 11 and the continuous input of ammonia by the heat recovery channel 42, it is indicated that the combustion process has been established stably. After confirming that the combustion process is stable, the ammonia plasma igniter 1 is controlled to stop working.

[0119] By stopping the operation of the ammonia plasma igniter 1, energy consumption can be reduced while maintaining the combustion reaction using the established stable combustion process. This helps to improve combustion efficiency and reduce operating costs.

[0120] By utilizing the ammonia burning in the first flame duct 11 to ignite the ammonia continuously transported in the heat recovery channel 42 and controlling the ammonia plasma igniter 1 to stop working, the method achieves further optimization and efficient operation of the combustion process, which not only improves the ignition success rate and combustion efficiency of ammonia, but also reduces operating costs and energy consumption.

[0121] Embodiment 10:

[0122] Reference Figure 1-7In addition to all the technical solutions of the above-mentioned embodiment 9, the embodiment of the present invention further has the following technical solutions:

[0123] The combustion method in Example 9 includes in detail:

[0124] S1: Control the ammonia plasma igniter 1 to work so that the first flame guide 11 continuously outputs burning ammonia, so that the first preheating zone, the second preheating zone and the ignition zone preheat the inner cavity of the injection box 2, the intermediate pipe 32, the air intake pipe 5 and the injection module 41;

[0125] S2: Based on the inner cavity of the injection box 2, the intermediate pipe 32, the air intake pipe 5 and the injection module 41 being heated to a specified temperature by the first preheating zone, the second preheating zone and the ignition zone, the ammonia supply device 3 is controlled to input ammonia into the inner cavity of the injection box 2, and the air intake pipe 5 is controlled to output air to the combustion zone;

[0126] S3: Based on the continuous ignition of the ammonia burning in the first flame duct 11 and the continuous output of ammonia by the heat recovery channel 42, the ammonia plasma igniter 1 is controlled to stop working.

[0127] The above method is described in detail below.

[0128] Step 1: Start and preheat the ammonia plasma igniter 1

[0129] Step description: First, the ammonia plasma igniter 1 is controlled to start working. The igniter uses the high temperature characteristics of plasma to ignite the ammonia gas entering the first flame conduit 11, so that the ammonia gas continues to burn in the first flame conduit 11.

[0130] The ammonia in the first flame guide 11 is continuously burned and generates sufficient heat through the ignition of the ammonia plasma igniter 1. This heat is used to preheat the inner cavity of the injection box 2, the intermediate pipe 32, the air intake pipe 5 and the injection module 41 in the first preheating zone, the second preheating zone and the ignition zone by heat conduction or radiation. The preheating process is crucial for the subsequent ammonia injection and mixing because it can improve the ignition success rate and combustion efficiency of the ammonia.

[0131] Step 2: Ammonia and air supply

[0132] Condition judgment: This step is performed only after confirming that the inner cavity of the injection box 2, the intermediate pipe 32, the air intake pipe 5 and the injection module 41 are heated to the specified temperature by the first preheating zone, the second preheating zone and the ignition zone. The specified temperature is a key parameter to ensure that ammonia can burn stably, such as 400-600°C.

[0133] Description of steps: Control the ammonia supply device 3 to input ammonia into the inner cavity of the injection box 2, and control the air intake pipe 5 to output air to the combustion zone. Ammonia and air can be mixed in the combustion zone so as to be ignited by the flame ejected from the first flame guide 11. Since the ammonia and air have been preheated to the specified temperature, this helps to improve the ignition success rate and combustion stability of ammonia.

[0134] Step 3: Stopping and continuous combustion of ammonia plasma igniter 1

[0135] Condition judgment: Based on the continuous ignition of the ammonia burning in the first flame guide 11 and the continuous input of ammonia by the heat regeneration channel 42, it is indicated that the combustion process has been stably established. After confirming that the combustion process is stable, the ammonia plasma igniter 1 is controlled to stop working. At this time, the combustion process will be maintained by the continuous output of ammonia in the heat regeneration channel 42.

[0136] By stopping the operation of the ammonia plasma igniter 1, energy consumption can be reduced while maintaining the combustion reaction using the established stable combustion process. This helps to improve combustion efficiency and reduce operating costs.

[0137] By utilizing the ammonia burning in the first flame duct 11 to ignite the ammonia continuously transported in the heat recovery channel 42 and controlling the ammonia plasma igniter 1 to stop working, the method achieves further optimization and efficient operation of the combustion process, which not only improves the ignition success rate and combustion efficiency of ammonia, but also reduces operating costs and energy consumption.

[0138] It can be understood that, except for any conflicting parts, the above-mentioned embodiments 1-9 can be freely combined to form other implementation modes of the present invention.

[0139] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the features. In the description of the present invention, the meaning of "plurality" is two or more, unless otherwise clearly and specifically defined.

[0140] In the present invention, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "installed", "connected", "connected", "fixed" and the like should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; it can be the internal connection of two elements or the interaction relationship between two elements. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0141] In the present invention, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, when a first feature is “on” or “below” a second feature, it may be that the first and second features are in direct contact, or that the first and second features are in indirect contact through an intermediate medium. Moreover, when a first feature is “above”, “above” or “above” a second feature, it may be that the first feature is directly above or obliquely above the second feature, or it may simply mean that the first feature is higher in level than the second feature. When a first feature is “below”, “below” or “below” a second feature, it may be that the first feature is directly below or obliquely below the second feature, or it may simply mean that the first feature is lower in level than the second feature.

[0142] The term "comprise" or any other similar term is intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, article, or apparatus / device that includes a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such process, article, or apparatus / device.

[0143] So far, the technical solutions of the present invention have been described in conjunction with the preferred embodiments shown in the accompanying drawings. However, it is easy for those skilled in the art to understand that the protection scope of the present invention is obviously not limited to these specific embodiments. Without departing from the principle of the present invention, those skilled in the art can make equivalent changes or substitutions to the relevant technical features, and the technical solutions after these changes or substitutions will fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An ammonia plasma ignition burner, characterized in that: It comprises an ammonia plasma igniter (1), an injection box (2), an ammonia supply device (3) and a flow divider (4), wherein the front side of the injection box (2) forms a combustion zone; The ammonia plasma igniter (1) comprises a first flame guide (11), the front end of the first flame guide (11) penetrates and extends to the front side of the injection box (2) to form a first preheating zone in the inner cavity of the injection box (2), and the front end of the first flame guide (11) forms an opening structure connected with the combustion zone to form an ignition zone; the inner cavity of the first flame guide (11) forms a first combustion chamber of the ammonia plasma igniter (1); The outlet end of the ammonia supply device (3) is connected to the inner cavity of the injection box (2); The flow diversion device (4) comprises an injection module (41) and a heat recovery channel (42); the injection module (41) is connected to the front side of the injection box (2) and communicated with the inner cavity of the injection box (2); the ignition zone is capable of preheating the injection module (41) and igniting the ammonia output by the injection module (41) to the combustion zone; the heat recovery channel (42) communicates the inner cavity of the injection box (2) and the first combustion chamber, so that the ammonia in the inner cavity of the injection box (2) flows back to the first combustion chamber and is ignited.

2. The ammonia plasma ignition burner according to claim 1, characterized in that: The ammonia supply device (3) comprises a gas collecting box (31) and an intermediate pipe (32), the inner cavity of the gas collecting box (31) and the inner cavity of the injection box (2) are connected through the intermediate pipe (32), the first flame guide tube (11) is arranged between the gas collecting box (31) and the injection box (2), and the projection of the intermediate pipe (32) on the first plane falls within the contour of the projection of the gas collecting box (31) and the injection box (2) on the first plane; The first plane is a plane perpendicular to the front-rear direction of the ammonia plasma ignition burner; The circumferential periphery of the first flame duct (11) forms a second preheating zone, and the intermediate pipes (32) can be arranged in plurality and distributed in the second preheating zone along the circumference of the first flame duct (11).

3. The ammonia plasma ignition burner according to claim 2, characterized in that: The ammonia plasma ignition burner also includes an air inlet pipe (5) connected to the combustion zone; The air intake pipe (5) passes through the air collecting box (31) and the injection box (2), so that the projection of the air intake pipe (5) on the first plane falls within the contours of the projections of the air collecting box (31) and the injection box (2) on the first plane; The air inlet pipe (5) can be arranged in a plurality and distributed in the second preheating zone along the circumference of the first flame duct (11).

4. The ammonia plasma ignition burner according to claim 2, characterized in that: The ammonia plasma igniter (1) further comprises a connecting portion (12) and an ionizing portion, wherein an outlet end of the ionizing portion is connected to the first combustion chamber via the connecting portion (12); The connecting portion (12) passes through the air collecting box (31) and is supported on the air collecting box (31); an air inlet hole (310) is provided on the air collecting box (31) at a position close to the inlet end of the connecting portion (12); a first negative pressure zone is formed between the air inlet hole (310) and the inlet end of the connecting portion (12), so that air enters the inner cavity of the connecting portion (12) from the air inlet hole (310); The outlet end of the connecting portion (12) is in communication with the first combustion chamber; The connecting portion (12) is configured to be in a conical shape with the larger end facing the first flame guide tube (11); The ionization part comprises a plasma housing (13), an air intake ceramic ring (14), an electrode (15) and a high-voltage cable; The electrode (15) is supported on the inner wall of the air intake ceramic ring (14); the plasma housing is connected to the rear end of the air intake ceramic ring (14); The rear end of the connecting portion (12) is gap-matched with the front end of the air intake ceramic ring (14) to form an air intake passage that satisfies the air intake into the connecting portion (12); the high-voltage cable passes through the plasma housing (13) and is electrically connected to the electrode (15); the plasma housing (13) is provided with an ammonia air intake port (16) that communicates with the inner cavity of the air intake ceramic ring (14); The outlet end of the air intake ceramic ring (14) forms a cyclone portion for rotating and outputting the gas; The ammonia plasma igniter (1) also includes a conical net supported in the first flame guide tube (11), wherein the conical net is provided in two portions with small ends close to each other and a large end of one conical net facing the connecting portion (12).

5. The ammonia plasma ignition burner according to claim 1, characterized in that: The injection modules (41) are provided in plurality, and each of the injection modules (41) comprises a nozzle (411), a cover (412) and a turbine (413); One end of each of the nozzles (411) is connected to the inner cavity of the spray box (2); the cover (412) is disposed on the corresponding nozzle (411); the turbine (413) is rotatably connected to the outlet end of the cover (412) along a first axis in a one-to-one correspondence; the first axis is parallel to the gas output direction of the nozzle (411), so that the turbine (413) can operate passively.

6. The ammonia plasma ignition burner according to claim 5, characterized in that: The axes of the injection modules (41) all extend in the front-rear direction, and the extension positions of the outlet ends of the injection modules (41) relative to the axes in the front-rear direction are not all the same, so that the outlet ends of the nozzles (411) form the stepped combustion zone.

7. The ammonia plasma ignition burner according to claim 1, characterized in that: The ammonia plasma ignition burner further comprises an ammonia cracking catalyst arranged in the injection box (2); The ammonia cracking catalyst includes one or more combinations of nickel-based, ruthenium-based and iron-based ammonia cracking catalysts.

8. The ammonia plasma ignition burner according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also comprises a second flame guide (6), wherein the second flame guide (6) is supported on the injection box (2), and the inner cavity of the second flame guide (6) forms a second combustion chamber for accommodating all the injection modules (41).

9. The ammonia plasma ignition burner according to claim 2, characterized in that: The ammonia supply device (3) further comprises an ammonia injection device (33) which is in communication with the inner cavity of the gas collecting box (31); The ammonia injection device (33) comprises a jet tube (331) and a jet nozzle (332) located in the jet tube (331); the outlet end of the jet tube (331) is connected to the inner cavity of the gas collecting box (31); when the jet nozzle (332) outputs ammonia, a second negative pressure area can be formed between the jet tube (331) and the jet nozzle (332); The ammonia supply device (3) further comprises an air intake damper (333) arranged in the second negative pressure zone; A narrow flow channel is formed in the middle of the jet tube (331), and the jet nozzle (332) extends toward the narrow flow channel; The jet tubes (331) are located at positions on both sides of the narrow flow channel in the axial direction, forming tapered channels that gradually expand in a direction away from the narrow flow channel, and the tapered channels are both connected to the narrow flow channel.

10. A combustion method of an ammonia plasma ignition burner, characterized in that: The ammonia plasma ignition burner applied to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the combustion method comprises: S1: controlling the ammonia plasma igniter (1) to operate so that the first flame guide (11) continuously outputs burning ammonia gas, so that the first preheating zone and the ignition zone preheat the inner cavity of the injection box (2) and the injection module (41); S2: Based on the inner cavity of the injection box (2) and the injection module (41) being heated to a specified temperature, controlling the ammonia supply device (3) to input ammonia into the inner cavity of the injection box (2); S3: Based on the continuous ignition of the ammonia burning in the first combustion chamber and the continuous output of ammonia by the heat recovery channel (42), the ammonia plasma igniter (1) is controlled to stop working.

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