Method for increasing yield of edible mushrooms by using microbial protein and insect protein and culture material
By adding microbial proteins and insect proteins to the edible fungi culture medium as production additives, the problem of low matrix utilization in edible fungi production is solved, and yield improvement and environmentally friendly protein replacement sources are achieved.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202411356419.0
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-09-26
- Publication Date
- 2024-12-10
AI Technical Summary
The low matrix utilization rate in domestic edible fungi production leads to low yields, and the lack of effective production-enhancing additives, especially plant protein raw materials rely on imports, and alternative protein sources need to be found to increase edible fungi yields.
Add microbial protein or insect protein as a production-enhancing additive to the base culture medium that has been covered with Agaricus bisporus mycelium. Specifically, fermentation by-products, edible fungi sub-fungus pulp, black soldier fly powder and other raw materials, combined to use the additive to produce production-enhancing additives The dosage is 0.5 to 1.2% of the weight of the base culture medium.
It effectively improves mushroom production, provides an environmentally friendly and sustainable source of protein, and improves the production efficiency of edible fungi.
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of edible fungus cultivation, and in particular to a method and a cultivation material for increasing the yield of edible fungi by using microbial protein and insect protein. Background Art
[0002] Edible fungi are highly favored by consumers as they are nutritious, delicious and healthy foods.
[0003] In terms of cultivation, the low substrate utilization rate still exists in the domestic edible fungus production, resulting in low yield per unit area. There is still a large gap compared with the production technology level abroad. In foreign edible fungus production, the use of yield-increasing additives to increase yield has been successfully studied and applied industrially. The types of edible fungus yield-increasing additives developed mainly include mineral elements, amino acids, carbohydrates, and plant proteins. Among them, plant protein yield-increasing additives are the most widely used. For example, the use of plant protein in Agaricus bisporus cultivation can increase yield by more than 10%.
[0004] Plant-based proteins, mainly soybean meal, are heavily dependent on imports. Developing other alternative protein raw materials is one of the important means to solve the shortage of raw materials for additives to increase edible fungi production.
[0005] Microbial protein is composed of microbial cells and residual fermentation products after fermentation. It has the advantages of being environmentally friendly, high in protein content, and rich in available amino acids. Microbial protein is divided into two categories. One is the bacterial protein for the purpose of obtaining the bacteria itself, such as yeast powder, ethanol Clostridium protein, etc.; the other is the fermentation by-products of other products obtained from the bacteria, such as glutamic acid residue (MSG residue), lysine residue, nucleotide residue, etc. In addition, large fungi and edible fungi among microorganisms are also effective carriers for transforming agricultural waste. Many artificially cultivated edible fungi will produce a certain proportion of defective mushrooms during the cultivation process and fresh sales process, but these defective mushrooms still contain a large amount of protein and can also be used as microbial sources of alternative protein.
[0006] In addition to microbial protein, insects such as black soldier fly powder, maggots, and mealworms can convert various organic wastes into synthesizing the nutrients they need, alleviating environmental pressure while providing another sustainable alternative source of protein.
[0007] Therefore, how to select microbial protein and insect protein to increase the yield of edible fungi is a technical problem that needs to be solved.
[0008] Based on this, the present invention designs a method and culture medium for increasing the yield of edible fungi by using microbial protein and insect protein to solve the above problems. Summary of the invention
[0009] In view of the above-mentioned shortcomings of the prior art, the present invention provides a method and culture medium for increasing the yield of edible fungi by using microbial protein and insect protein.
[0010] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention is implemented through the following technical solutions:
[0011] A method for increasing the yield of edible fungi by using microbial protein and insect protein, wherein a yield-increasing additive is added to a basic culture medium that has been fully grown with Agaricus bisporus mycelium, wherein the yield-increasing additive is microbial protein, or insect protein, or a mixture of microbial protein and insect protein;
[0012] The dosage of the yield-increasing additive is 0.5-1.2% of the total weight of the basal culture medium and the yield-increasing additive.
[0013] Furthermore, the microbial protein is made from one or a combination of two of the following raw materials: fermentation byproducts and leftovers of edible mushrooms.
[0014] Furthermore, the fermentation by-products are a combination of one or more of the following raw materials: glutamic acid residue, lysine residue, nucleotide residue, and PHA production bacterial residue.
[0015] Furthermore, the edible mushroom waste is made of one or a combination of two of the following raw materials: Stropharia officinalis powder and Volvariella volvacea powder.
[0016] Furthermore, the insect protein is a combination of one or more of the following raw materials: black soldier fly powder, maggot powder, and yellow mealworm powder.
[0017] Furthermore, the powder of Stropharia officinalis and Volvariella volvacea comes from the dried powder made by drying the fruiting bodies of inferior mushrooms that cannot be sold as commercial mushrooms at 55-70°C.
[0018] Furthermore, the black soldier fly powder, fly maggot powder and yellow mealworm powder are made from the adults of black soldier flies, fly maggots and yellow mealworms, respectively.
[0019] A culture medium used in the method comprises a basic culture medium and a yield-increasing additive, wherein the amount of the yield-increasing additive is 0.5-1.2% of the total weight of the basic culture medium and the yield-increasing additive; the yield-increasing additive is microbial protein, or insect protein, or a mixture of microbial protein and insect protein.
[0020] Furthermore, the glutamate residue, lysine residue, nucleotide residue and PHA bacterial residue come from bacterial proteins collected from fermentation waste liquids of glutamate, lysine, nucleotide and PHA production, respectively.
[0021] Furthermore, the moisture content of the microbial protein and the insect protein is ≤12.0%, and the crude protein content is within the range of 25-60%.
[0022] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: the present invention adds microbial protein, or insect protein, or a mixture of microbial protein and insect protein as a yield-increasing additive into a basic culture medium that has been fully grown with Agaricus bisporus mycelium, thereby effectively increasing the yield of mushrooms. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0023] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solution in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described in combination with the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.
[0024] Example 1
[0025] In some embodiments, the method of using microbial protein and insect protein to increase the yield of edible fungi is to add 0.5% glutamic acid residue and the remainder of the basic culture material of Agaricus bisporus to the basic culture medium that has been fully grown with Agaricus bisporus mycelium, mix them evenly, and cover them with soil.
[0026] Among them, glutamate residue is the bacterial protein collected from glutamate fermentation waste liquid.
[0027] Example 2
[0028] In some embodiments, the method of using microbial protein and insect protein to increase the yield of edible fungi is to add 1.2% glutamic acid residue and the remainder of the basic culture material of Agaricus bisporus to the basic culture medium that has been fully grown with Agaricus bisporus mycelium, mix them evenly, and cover them with soil.
[0029] Among them, glutamate residue is the bacterial protein collected from glutamate fermentation waste liquid.
[0030] Example 3
[0031] In some embodiments, the method of using microbial protein and insect protein to increase the yield of edible fungi is to add 1% glutamic acid residue and the remainder of the basic culture material of Agaricus bisporus to the basic culture medium that has been fully grown with Agaricus bisporus mycelium, mix them evenly, and cover them with soil.
[0032] Among them, glutamate residue is the bacterial protein collected from glutamate fermentation waste liquid.
[0033] Example 4
[0034] In some embodiments, a method for increasing the yield of edible fungi using microbial protein and insect protein is to add 0.5% PHA (ployhydroxyalkanoates, PHA) production residue and the remaining Agaricus bisporus basic culture material into a basic culture medium that has been fully grown with Agaricus bisporus mycelium, mix them evenly, and cover with soil.
[0035] Example 5
[0036] In some embodiments, the method of using microbial protein and insect protein to increase the yield of edible fungi is to add 1.2% PHA production residue and the remaining Agaricus bisporus basic culture material into a basic culture medium that has been fully grown with Agaricus bisporus mycelium, mix them evenly, and cover them with soil.
[0037] Example 6
[0038] In some embodiments, the method of using microbial protein and insect protein to increase the yield of edible fungi is to add 0.8% PHA production residue and the remaining Agaricus bisporus basic culture material into a basic culture medium that has been fully grown with Agaricus bisporus mycelium, mix them evenly, and cover them with soil.
[0039] Example 7
[0040] In some embodiments, the method of increasing the yield of edible fungi by using microbial protein and insect protein is as follows: 0.5% Stropharia officinalis powder and the remainder of Agaricus bisporus basic culture material are added to a basic culture medium already full of Agaricus bisporus mycelium, mixed evenly, and covered with soil.
[0041] Among them, the Stropharia officinalis powder comes from the dry powder made by drying the fruiting bodies of inferior mushrooms that cannot be used for commercial mushroom sales.
[0042] The preparation method of the secondary stropharia mushroom powder is as follows: drying the secondary stropharia mushrooms at 55°C, then crushing and sieving through 100 meshes to obtain the secondary stropharia mushroom powder, wherein the nitrogen content of the powder is 5.5-6.0%.
[0043] Example 8
[0044] In some embodiments, the method of increasing the yield of edible fungi with microbial protein and insect protein is as follows: 1.0% Stropharia rugosus powder and the remainder of Agaricus bisporus basic culture material are added to a basic culture medium already full of Agaricus bisporus mycelium, mixed evenly, and covered with soil.
[0045] The preparation method of the secondary stropharia mushroom powder is as follows: drying the secondary stropharia mushrooms at 70°C, then crushing and sieving through 50 meshes to obtain the secondary stropharia mushroom powder, wherein the N content of the powder is 5.5-6.0%.
[0046] Example 9
[0047] In some embodiments, the method of increasing the yield of edible fungi by using microbial protein and insect protein is as follows: 1.2% Stropharia officinalis powder and the remainder of Agaricus bisporus basic culture material are added to a basic culture medium already full of Agaricus bisporus mycelium, mixed evenly, and covered with soil.
[0048] The preparation method of the secondary stropharia mushroom powder is as follows: drying the secondary stropharia mushrooms at 60°C, then crushing and sieving through 80 meshes to obtain the secondary stropharia mushroom powder, wherein the N content of the powder is 5.5-6.0%.
[0049] Example 10
[0050] In some embodiments, the method of using microbial protein and insect protein to increase the yield of edible fungi is to add 0.5% yellow mealworm powder and the remaining amount of Agaricus bisporus basic culture material into a basic culture medium that has been fully grown with Agaricus bisporus mycelium, mix them evenly, and cover them with soil.
[0051] Among them, the mealworm powder is prepared from the adult mealworms of Tenebrio molitor.
[0052] Embodiment 11
[0053] In some embodiments, the method of using microbial protein and insect protein to increase the yield of edible fungi is to add 1.2% yellow mealworm powder and the remainder of the basic culture material of Agaricus bisporus to the basic culture medium that has been fully grown with Agaricus bisporus mycelium, mix them evenly, and cover them with soil.
[0054] Among them, the mealworm powder is prepared from the adult mealworms of Tenebrio molitor.
[0055] Example 12
[0056] In some embodiments, the method of using microbial protein and insect protein to increase the yield of edible fungi is to add 1% yellow mealworm powder and the remaining amount of Agaricus bisporus basic culture material into a basic culture medium that has been fully grown with Agaricus bisporus mycelium, mix them evenly, and cover them with soil.
[0057] Among them, the mealworm powder is prepared from the adult mealworms of Tenebrio molitor.
[0058] Embodiment 13
[0059] The difference from Example 1 is that the glutamate residue is replaced by lysine residue, nucleotide residue or PHA production bacterial residue.
[0060] The lysine residue, nucleotide residue and PHA bacterial residue come from bacterial proteins collected from fermentation waste liquids of lysine, nucleotide and PHA production, respectively.
[0061] Embodiment 14
[0062] The difference from Example 1 is that the glutamate residue is replaced by a mixture of any two or more of glutamate residue, lysine residue, nucleotide residue, PHA production fungus residue, Stropharia rugosodium powder, and Volvariella volvacea powder in any proportion.
[0063] The straw mushroom powder is made from the dried fruiting bodies of inferior mushrooms that cannot be sold as commercial mushrooms. For the preparation method, please refer to the preparation method of the inferior stropharia mushroom powder.
[0064] Embodiment 15
[0065] The difference from Example 12 is that the mealworm powder is replaced by black soldier fly powder or maggot powder.
[0066] Black soldier fly powder and fly maggot powder are made from the adults of black soldier flies and fly maggots respectively.
[0067] Example 16
[0068] The difference from Example 12 is that the mealworm powder is replaced by a mixture of any two or three of the black soldier fly powder, maggot powder and mealworm powder in any proportion.
[0069] Embodiment 17
[0070] The moisture content in microbial protein and insect protein is ≤12.0%, and the crude protein content is within the range of 25-60%.
[0071] Embodiment 18
[0072] Based on Example 17, a method for increasing the yield of edible fungi using microbial protein and insect protein is provided, wherein 0.3% glutamic acid residue, 0.3% PHA production residue, 0.3% Stropharia officinalis powder, 0.3% mealworm powder and the remainder of Agaricus bisporus basic culture material are added to a basic culture medium already full of Agaricus bisporus mycelium, mixed evenly and covered with soil.
[0073] Experimental example
[0074] The yield of two waves of mushrooms was counted after 40 days of soil covering using the methods of Examples 3, 5, 9, 12 and 18, and the yield increase rate of the first wave of mushrooms, the yield increase rate of the second wave of mushrooms and the total yield increase rate were calculated.
[0075] Yield Yichao mushroom yield increase rate % Yield increase rate of second-wave mushroom % Total output increase rate % Example 3 3.0 23.8 7.4 Example 5 -11.6 58.8 22.0 Example 9 19.9 18.9 19.6 Example 12 16.1 -26.7 6.9 Embodiment 18 21.8 25.9 24.6
[0076] It can be seen that the present invention can effectively increase the yield of mushrooms by adding microbial protein, insect protein, or a mixture of microbial protein and insect protein as a yield-increasing additive to the basic culture medium that has been fully grown with Agaricus bisporus mycelium.
[0077] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than to limit the same. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments may still be modified, or some of the technical features may be replaced by equivalents. Such modifications or replacements will not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims
1. A method for increasing the yield of edible fungi by using microbial protein and insect protein, characterized in that: Adding a yield-increasing additive into a basic culture medium that has been fully grown with Agaricus bisporus mycelium, wherein the yield-increasing additive is a microbial protein, or an insect protein, or a mixture of the microbial protein and the insect protein; The dosage of the yield-increasing additive is 0.5-1.2% of the total weight of the basal culture medium and the yield-increasing additive.
2. The method for increasing the yield of edible fungi by using microbial protein and insect protein according to claim 1, characterized in that: The microbial protein adopts one or a combination of two of the following raw materials: fermentation byproducts and edible mushroom waste.
3. The method for increasing the yield of edible fungi by using microbial protein and insect protein according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fermentation byproducts are one or more of the following raw materials: glutamic acid residue, lysine residue, nucleotide residue, and PHA production bacteria residue.
4. The method for increasing the yield of edible fungi by using microbial protein and insect protein according to claim 3, characterized in that: The edible mushroom waste is made of one or a combination of two of the following raw materials: Stropharia officinalis powder and Volvariella volvacea powder.
5. The method for increasing the yield of edible fungi by using microbial protein and insect protein according to claim 4, characterized in that: The insect protein is a combination of one or more of the following raw materials: black soldier fly powder, maggot powder, and yellow mealworm powder.
6. The method for increasing the yield of edible fungi by using microbial protein and insect protein according to claim 5, characterized in that: Stropharia officinalis powder and Volvariella volvacea powder are made from the fruiting bodies of inferior mushrooms that cannot be sold as commercial mushrooms, which are dried at 55-70℃ to make dry powder.
7. The method for increasing the yield of edible fungi by using microbial protein and insect protein according to claim 6, characterized in that: Black soldier fly powder, fly maggot powder and yellow mealworm powder are made from the adults of black soldier flies, fly maggots and yellow mealworms respectively.
8. A culture medium for use in the method according to claim 7, characterized in that: The method comprises a basic culture medium and a yield-increasing additive, wherein the amount of the yield-increasing additive is 0.5-1.2% of the total weight of the basic culture medium and the yield-increasing additive; the yield-increasing additive is microbial protein, or insect protein, or a mixture of microbial protein and insect protein.
9. The culture medium according to claim 8, characterized in that The glutamate residue, lysine residue, nucleotide residue and PHA bacterial residue come from bacterial proteins collected from fermentation waste liquids of glutamate, lysine, nucleotide and PHA production, respectively.
10. The culture medium according to claim 9, characterized in that: The moisture content in microbial protein and insect protein is ≤12.0%, and the crude protein content is within the range of 25-60%.