Multi-working-medium self-adaptive high-power Hall thruster hybrid magnetic circuit assembly

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of spaceflight space electric propulsion, in particular to a multi-working-medium self-adaptive high-power Hall thruster hybrid magnetic circuit assembly which comprises a magnetic conductive column, permanent magnet rings, excitation coils and a magnetic conductive base, the magnetic conductive column comprises an inner magnetic conductive column and an outer magnetic conductive column, and the permanent magnet rings comprise an inner permanent magnet ring and an outer permanent magnet ring; the magnet exciting coil comprises an inner magnet exciting coil and an outer magnet exciting coil; the inner permanent magnet ring and the inner excitation coil are coaxially arranged on the inner magnetic conductive column to form an inner excitation group; the outer permanent magnet ring and the outer excitation coil are coaxially arranged on the outer magnetic conductive column to form an outer excitation group; the inner excitation group and the outer excitation group are both arranged on the magnetic conductive base, and the outer excitation group is symmetrically distributed in the circumferential direction of a central shaft ring of the Hall thruster. According to the Hall thruster, two excitation modes of a permanent magnet and an electric excitation coil are combined, so that the Hall thruster can obtain an adjustable magnetic field with high magnetic field gradient and intensity, and efficient coupling self-adaption of the magnetic field and discharge current can be realized according to different working media.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the field of aerospace electric propulsion technology, and in particular to a multi-fluid adaptive high-power Hall thruster hybrid magnetic circuit assembly. Background Art

[0002] High-power Hall thrusters are the mainstream of high-power electric propulsion technology at home and abroad due to their simple structure, high thrust ratio, no need for active heat dissipation and many other advantages. They are the most promising high-power electric propulsion technology for space applications. Due to its large atomic weight and stable performance, xenon is currently the main working fluid used in the field of electric propulsion. However, with the substantial increase in the speed increment of large-scale exploration missions, the demand for working fluids for high-power electric propulsion for space power has also increased accordingly, reaching the "ton" level. The high price of xenon has limited its large-scale application, so cheap new working fluids such as krypton and argon have gradually attracted people's attention, which requires high-power Hall thrusters to adapt to different working fluids.

[0003] From the analysis of the mechanism of Hall thrusters, compared with xenon, the ionization energy of chlorine and argon gradually increases, which requires high-power Hall thrusters to form a stronger magnetic field to confine electrons, thereby enhancing the ionization rate. As a core component, the current excitation method of Hall thrusters usually uses electromagnetic coils (coils with a certain number of turns of current) or permanent magnets.

[0004] However, the coil wire has limited current tolerance, and in order to obtain the required magnetic field, the excitation coil is required to have more turns, which makes the thruster larger in diameter, volume and weight. Permanent magnets have higher magnetic energy levels, so the thruster diameter, volume and weight can be greatly reduced under the same magnetic field size. However, the magnetic field size generated by permanent magnets cannot be adjusted, and can only work at a single point. It is also easily affected by the temperature of the thruster during operation, which greatly limits the application scope and intensity of this excitation method. Summary of the invention

[0005] The present application provides a multi-fluid adaptive high-power Hall thruster hybrid magnetic circuit component, which combines permanent magnet excitation and electric excitation coil excitation to form a configuration with a magnetic zero point, an adjustable magnetic field with high magnetic field strength and gradient.

[0006] In order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present application provides a multi-fluid adaptive high-power Hall thruster hybrid magnetic circuit component, including a magnetic column, a permanent magnet ring, an excitation coil and a magnetic base, wherein: the magnetic column includes an inner magnetic column and an outer magnetic column, the permanent magnet ring includes an inner permanent magnet ring and an outer permanent magnet ring, and the excitation coil includes an inner excitation coil and an outer excitation coil; the inner permanent magnet ring and the inner excitation coil are coaxially arranged on the inner magnetic column to form an inner excitation group; the outer permanent magnet ring and the outer excitation coil are coaxially arranged on the outer magnetic column to form an outer excitation group; the inner excitation group and the outer excitation group are both arranged on the magnetic base; the inner excitation group is arranged around the central axis of the Hall thruster, and the outer excitation group is symmetrically distributed around the central axis of the Hall thruster.

[0007] Furthermore, an inner pole shoe is disposed at the upper end of the inner magnetic conductive column, and an outer pole shoe is disposed at the upper end of the outer magnetic conductive column, and the inner pole shoe and the outer pole shoe are distributed in a circular ring relative to the central axis of the Hall thruster.

[0008] Furthermore, it also includes an internal magnetic shield and an external magnetic shield, wherein: the internal magnetic shield and the external magnetic shield are both located between the internal excitation group and the external excitation group; the internal magnetic shield is arranged on the magnetic conductive base, close to the side of the internal excitation group; the external magnetic shield is arranged on the magnetic conductive base, close to the side of the external excitation group.

[0009] Furthermore, it also includes a tuning excitation coil, which is arranged above the magnetic conductive base and between the inner magnetic shield and the outer magnetic shield.

[0010] Furthermore, the tuning excitation coil is arranged around the central axis of the Hall thruster.

[0011] Furthermore, the number of external excitation groups arranged is ≥4.

[0012] Furthermore, the inner excitation coil, the tuning excitation coil and the outer excitation coil are connected in series via cables.

[0013] Furthermore, the materials of the inner pole shoe, the outer pole shoe, the inner magnetic shield and the outer magnetic shield are all high magnetic permeability soft magnetic materials.

[0014] The present application provides a multi-fluid adaptive high-power Hall thruster hybrid magnetic circuit assembly, which has the following beneficial effects:

[0015] The present application combines two excitation methods, permanent magnet and electric excitation coil, so that the Hall thruster can obtain an adjustable magnetic field with high magnetic field gradient and intensity, and can realize efficient coupling adaptation of magnetic field and discharge current according to different working fluids; compared with traditional high-power Hall thrusters, the volume and mass of the thruster can be greatly reduced; at the same time, due to the introduction of permanent magnet excitation, the ampere-turns of the excitation coil can be reduced, thereby effectively reducing the heat loss generated by the coil, and realizing the improvement of the comprehensive performance of the high-power Hall thruster. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0016] The drawings constituting a part of this application are used to provide a further understanding of this application, so that other features, purposes and advantages of this application become more obvious. The schematic embodiment drawings and their descriptions of this application are used to explain this application and do not constitute an improper limitation on this application. In the drawings:

[0017] Figure 1 It is a cross-sectional view of the internal structure of a hybrid magnetic circuit assembly of a multi-fluid adaptive high-power Hall thruster provided according to an embodiment of the present application (the dot-dashed line is the central axis of the Hall thruster);

[0018] In the figure: 1-inner magnetic column, 2-outer magnetic column, 3-inner permanent magnetic ring, 4-outer permanent magnetic ring, 5-inner excitation coil, 6-outer excitation coil, 7-magnetic base, 8-inner pole shoe, 9-outer pole shoe, 10-inner magnetic shield, 11-outer magnetic shield, 12-tuning excitation coil. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0019] In order to enable those skilled in the art to better understand the solution of the present application, the technical solution in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present application, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work should fall within the scope of protection of the present application.

[0020] It should be noted that the terms "first", "second", etc. in the specification and claims of the present application and the above-mentioned drawings are used to distinguish similar objects, and are not necessarily used to describe a specific order or sequential order. It should be understood that the data used in this way can be interchanged where appropriate, so that the embodiments of the present application described here. In addition, the terms "including" and "having" and any of their variations are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusions, for example, a process, method, system, product or device comprising a series of steps or units is not necessarily limited to those steps or units clearly listed, but may include other steps or units that are not clearly listed or inherent to these processes, methods, products or devices.

[0021] In the present application, the terms "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "front", "back", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "middle", "vertical", "horizontal", "lateral", "longitudinal" and the like indicate positions or positional relationships based on the positions or positional relationships shown in the drawings. These terms are mainly used to better describe the present application and its embodiments, and are not used to limit the indicated devices, elements or components to have a specific orientation, or to be constructed and operated in a specific orientation.

[0022] In addition, some of the above terms may be used to express other meanings in addition to indicating orientation or positional relationship. For example, the term "on" may also be used to express a certain dependency or connection relationship in some cases. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meanings of these terms in this application can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0023] In addition, the term "plurality" shall mean two or more.

[0024] It should be noted that, in the absence of conflict, the embodiments and features in the embodiments of the present application can be combined with each other. The present application will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and in combination with the embodiments.

[0025] like Figure 1 As shown, the present application provides a multi-fluid adaptive high-power Hall thruster hybrid magnetic circuit component, including a magnetic column, a permanent magnet ring, an excitation coil and a magnetic base 7, wherein: the magnetic column includes an inner magnetic column 1 and an outer magnetic column 2, the permanent magnet ring includes an inner permanent magnet ring 3 and an outer permanent magnet ring 4, and the excitation coil includes an inner excitation coil 5 and an outer excitation coil 6; the inner permanent magnet ring 3 and the inner excitation coil 5 are coaxially arranged on the inner magnetic column 1 to form an inner excitation group; the outer permanent magnet ring 4 and the outer excitation coil 6 are coaxially arranged on the outer magnetic column 2 to form an outer excitation group; the inner excitation group and the outer excitation group are both arranged on the magnetic base 7; the inner excitation group is arranged around the central axis of the Hall thruster, and the outer excitation group is symmetrically distributed around the central axis of the Hall thruster.

[0026] Specifically, the multi-fluid adaptive high-power Hall thruster hybrid magnetic circuit assembly provided in the embodiment of the present application places the inner permanent magnet ring 3 and the inner excitation coil 5 coaxially on the inner magnetic column 1 to form an inner excitation group, and places the outer permanent magnet ring 4 and the outer excitation coil 6 coaxially on the outer magnetic column 2 to form an outer excitation group; wherein the inner and outer magnetic columns are mainly used to guide the efficient transmission of magnetic lines of force, so that each excitation component is turned on to form a complete excitation circuit; the inner and outer permanent magnets are mainly used as strong excitation sources to generate excitation in the magnetic circuit to form excitation lines; when current is passed through the inner and outer excitation coils, a magnetic field is generated, which serves as another excitation source in the magnetic circuit; the magnetic base 7 serves as a conductive component in the magnetic circuit and has a high magnetic permeability. The magnetic circuit assembly as a whole combines the two excitation methods of permanent magnet and electric excitation coil, so that the Hall thruster can obtain an adjustable magnetic field with high magnetic field gradient and intensity; and the external excitation group is symmetrically distributed around the central axis of the Hall thruster, so that the Hall thruster can obtain higher magnetic field intensity and gradient under the same volume, and can also achieve a wide range of magnetic field adjustment. Compared with traditional high-power Hall thrusters, the volume and mass of the thruster can be greatly reduced.

[0027] Furthermore, an inner pole shoe 8 is provided at the upper end of the inner magnetic conductive column 1, and an outer pole shoe 9 is provided at the upper end of the outer magnetic conductive column 2. The inner pole shoe 8 and the outer pole shoe 9 are distributed in a circular ring relative to the central axis of the Hall thruster.

[0028] Furthermore, it also includes an internal magnetic shield 10 and an external magnetic shield 11, wherein: the internal magnetic shield 10 and the external magnetic shield 11 are both located between the internal excitation group and the external excitation group; the internal magnetic shield 10 is arranged on the magnetic base 7, close to the side of the internal excitation group; the external magnetic shield 11 is arranged on the magnetic base 7, close to the side of the external excitation group.

[0029] Furthermore, the materials of the inner pole shoe 8, the outer pole shoe 9, the inner magnetic shield 10 and the outer magnetic shield 11 are all high magnetic permeability soft magnetic materials.

[0030] Specifically, the embodiment of the present application forms a magnetic field configuration by arranging an inner pole shoe 8, an outer pole shoe 9, an inner magnetic shield 10 and an outer magnetic shield 11 made of high magnetic permeability soft magnetic material. The inner and outer pole shoes mainly play a role of magnetic conduction, and the inner and outer magnetic shields mainly prevent the excitation line from directly passing through the channel (the position between the inner and outer magnetic shields); and by adjusting the shape of the inner and outer pole shoes and the inner and outer magnetic shields and their positions relative to each other, different magnetic field configurations can be formed, and the optimal magnetic field configuration of the Hall thruster can be obtained through actual needs and matrix experiments.

[0031] Furthermore, the number of external excitation groups is ≥ 4. The external excitation groups are preferably symmetrically distributed in four directions around the central axis of the Hall thruster, and the excitation wires in each external excitation group are externally connected in series and have the same excitation current; in order to further improve the uniformity of the magnetic field, the number of external excitation groups as a whole can also be appropriately increased.

[0032] Furthermore, it also includes a tuning excitation coil 12 , which is arranged above the magnetic conductive base 7 and between the inner magnetic shield 10 and the outer magnetic shield 11 .

[0033] Furthermore, the tuning excitation coil 12 is arranged around the central axis of the Hall thruster.

[0034] Furthermore, the inner excitation coil 5 , the tuning excitation coil 12 and the outer excitation coil 6 are connected in series via cables.

[0035] Specifically, in the embodiment of the present application, a tuning excitation coil 12 wound around the central axis of the thruster is arranged near the upper part of the magnetic conductive base 7, between the inner magnetic shield 10 and the outer magnetic shield 11. The tuning excitation coil 12 can be combined with the inner and outer permanent magnet rings 4 and the electromagnetic coil excitation to form a magnetic field with a magnetic zero point. The magnetic field configuration can enhance the magnetic field gradient and reduce the magnetic field near the thruster anode, thereby improving the performance of the thruster; the thruster discharge current is arranged as the excitation current to flow in series into the inner, outer and tuning excitation coils, thereby realizing an adaptive magnetic field that is efficiently coupled and matched with the thruster discharge current. For magnetic field adaptation, the working fluid has high ionization energy, and under the same mass flow rate, the discharge current is high. The discharge current, that is, the excitation current, can form a magnetic field with the high magnetic field strength required by itself, thereby realizing adaptation.

[0036] More specifically, in the multi-fluid adaptive high-power Hall thruster hybrid magnetic circuit assembly provided in the embodiment of the present application, before the Hall thruster is started, the inner permanent magnet ring 3 and the outer permanent magnet ring 4 are excited to generate a magnetic field of a certain intensity. After the thruster is started, the working fluid discharges to generate a discharge current. The discharge current passes through the cable and flows into the series-connected inner excitation coil 5, the tuning excitation coil 1 2 and the outer excitation coil 6 in sequence, thereby exciting to generate a magnetic field. The magnetic field will be superimposed on the magnetic field generated by the permanent magnet excitation to form a final magnetic field. The magnetic field can be efficiently coupled and matched with the discharge current under different working fluids to achieve magnetic field adaptation of multiple working fluids.

[0037] The above description is only the preferred embodiment of the present application and is not intended to limit the present application. For those skilled in the art, the present application may have various modifications and variations. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present application shall be included in the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A multi-fluid adaptive high-power Hall thruster hybrid magnetic circuit assembly, characterized in that: It includes a magnetic column, a permanent magnetic ring, an excitation coil and a magnetic base, wherein: The magnetic conductive column comprises an inner magnetic conductive column and an outer magnetic conductive column, the permanent magnetic ring comprises an inner permanent magnetic ring and an outer permanent magnetic ring, and the excitation coil comprises an inner excitation coil and an outer excitation coil; The inner permanent magnetic ring and the inner excitation coil are coaxially arranged on the inner magnetic conductive column to form an inner excitation group; The outer permanent magnetic ring and the outer excitation coil are coaxially arranged on the outer magnetic conductive column to form an external excitation group; The internal excitation group and the external excitation group are both arranged on the magnetic conductive base; The inner excitation group is arranged around the central axis of the Hall thruster, and the outer excitation group is symmetrically distributed around the central axis of the Hall thruster.

2. The multi-fluid adaptive high-power Hall thruster hybrid magnetic circuit assembly according to claim 1 is characterized in that: An inner pole shoe is disposed at the upper end of the inner magnetic conductive column, and an outer pole shoe is disposed at the upper end of the outer magnetic conductive column. The inner pole shoe and the outer pole shoe are distributed in a circular ring relative to the central axis of the Hall thruster.

3. The multi-fluid adaptive high-power Hall thruster hybrid magnetic circuit assembly according to claim 2 is characterized in that: Also includes an inner magnetic shield and an outer magnetic shield, wherein: The inner magnetic shield and the outer magnetic shield are both located between the inner excitation group and the outer excitation group; The internal magnetic shield is arranged on the magnetic conductive base, close to one side of the internal excitation group; The external magnetic shield is arranged on the magnetic conductive base, close to one side of the external excitation group.

4. The multi-fluid adaptive high-power Hall thruster hybrid magnetic circuit assembly according to claim 3 is characterized in that: It also includes a tuning excitation coil, which is arranged above the magnetic conductive base and between the inner magnetic shield and the outer magnetic shield.

5. The multi-fluid adaptive high-power Hall thruster hybrid magnetic circuit assembly according to claim 4 is characterized in that: The tuning excitation coil is arranged around the central axis of the Hall thruster.

6. The multi-fluid adaptive high-power Hall thruster hybrid magnetic circuit assembly according to claim 5 is characterized in that: The number of the external excitation groups arranged is ≥4.

7. The multi-fluid adaptive high-power Hall thruster hybrid magnetic circuit assembly according to claim 6 is characterized in that: The inner excitation coil, the tuning excitation coil and the outer excitation coil are connected in series via cables.

8. The multi-fluid adaptive high-power Hall thruster hybrid magnetic circuit assembly according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The materials of the inner pole shoe, the outer pole shoe, the inner magnetic shield and the outer magnetic shield are all high magnetic permeability soft magnetic materials.

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