Method, device and equipment for suppressing mechanical vibration noise of vibroseis

Abstract

The invention discloses a method, a device and equipment for suppressing mechanical vibration noise of a vibroseis. The method comprises the following steps: acquiring related information of an exploration target layer; determining feature information of the mechanical vibration noise of the vibroseis based on the record before investigation correlation; determining the scanning length of the scanning signal of the vibroseis based on the reflection time, the inherent frequency of the vibroseis, the starting frequency and the ending frequency; on the basis of the starting frequency, the ending frequency and the scanning length, the scanning signals of the vibroseis are collected to obtain related original single shot data; and according to an offset range in the feature information, the propagation speed of the mechanical vibration noise of the vibroseis, the inherent frequency of the vibroseis and a time interval relation of mechanical vibration noise propagation, carrying out suppression on the related original single shot data. The method is high in pertinence and good in application effect, the mechanical vibration noise in the vibroseis excitation data is effectively eliminated, and the quality of the vibroseis excitation single shot and profile data is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of geophysical exploration technology, and in particular to a method, device and equipment for suppressing mechanical vibration noise of a controllable seismic source. Background Art

[0002] Vibroseis has outstanding advantages such as safety, environmental protection and low construction cost, and occupies an important position in onshore seismic exploration. Since the 1990s, with the development of vibroseis systems and seismic instrument systems, vibroseis efficient acquisition technology has made great progress, forming technologies such as alternating scanning, sliding scanning, multi-point synchronous scanning, and high-fidelity acquisition, which has increased the daily efficiency of seismic acquisition from hundreds of shots to tens of thousands of shots, pushing onshore seismic exploration into a high-efficiency and high-density era. Despite this, compared with explosive sources, vibroseis acquisition still has the disadvantages of more noise types and relatively lower single-shot signal-to-noise ratio. In the single-shot record excited by the vibroseis, there are both the same noises as the explosive source, such as linear noises such as surface waves, refraction waves, and scattered waves, and noises unique to vibroseis, such as harmonics and mechanical vibration noise. Effectively removing the above-mentioned noises unique to vibroseis is the key to improving the quality of vibroseis data. In the development of vibroseis acquisition technology, especially since the application of vibroseis efficient acquisition technology, vibroseis noise suppression technology has always been highly valued.

[0003] Vibroseis harmonic interference and mechanical vibration noise are two different types of vibroseis noise. Among them, vibroseis harmonic interference can be further divided into two types: mechanical system harmonics and surface response harmonics; the former is generated because the output force signal caused by the distortion of the mechanical system is different from the scanning signal generated in the vibroseis signal generator, and the latter is generated because the output force signal is different from the source signal propagating downward due to the surface structure. The frequency of the mechanical system harmonic is an integer multiple of the fundamental wave, and there is a significant difference in phase with the fundamental wave. When a linear up-sampling scanning signal is used, it appears on the negative time axis and has little interference with the shot. When efficient acquisition construction is used, the mechanical system harmonics can appear at different times and different offsets of adjacent shots, which is determined by the scanning signal parameters, the relative relationship between the adjacent shot excitation time difference and the adjacent shot excitation position, and usually causes greater noise interference to the adjacent shots. The frequency of the surface response harmonics is concentrated in a narrow frequency range, generated on the positive time axis, and appears near the near offset recorded by the shot, which mainly affects the data quality of the shot. The mechanical vibration noise of the vibrator is a kind of interference wave propagating along the near-surface caused by the ground vibration caused by the operation of the vibrator mechanical system. The propagation speed is low, roughly the same as the speed of low-speed surface waves. The frequency band of mechanical vibration noise is wide, and the highest frequency can reach above 400Hz. There are multiple extreme points on the amplitude spectrum, corresponding to multiple natural frequencies of the vibrator mechanical system. The initial energy of mechanical vibration noise is strong, and it decays rapidly with the increase of propagation distance, but it does not change with the increase of time at the same position. It mainly interferes with the near-offset data, and the interference to the deep signals in the near-offset is particularly serious. During the vibrator scanning construction, when the scanning frequency reaches the natural frequency of the vibrator mechanical system, resonance will occur, forming vibrator resonance noise. Resonance noise is part of the mechanical vibration noise of the vibrator. Compared with the mechanical vibration noise when no resonance occurs, the resonance energy is stronger, the interference range is larger, and the impact on the data is more serious.

[0004] In the process of seismic exploration with controlled sources, harmonic interference and mechanical vibration noise of controlled sources are inevitable, and it is of great significance to study targeted suppression methods. At present, domestic and foreign scholars have carried out a lot of research on the suppression methods of harmonic interference of controlled sources, and have formed fractional frequency domain separation method, pure phase shift filtering method, correlation subtraction method, prediction subtraction method, deconvolution subtraction method and filtering method based on ground force signal, etc., which are used in the suppression methods of data processing stage, as well as harmonic suppression controlled source scanning signal design method based on force signal, controlled source nonlinear scanning signal design method using dynamic parameters, etc., which are used in the controllable source signal design method of data acquisition stage. These methods have solved the problem of harmonic interference of controlled sources well. However, for the mechanical vibration noise of controlled sources, there is no targeted special technology in public literature and patents. Only some indoor data processing denoising technologies involving mechanical vibration noise development areas can be consulted, such as controlled source black triangle noise suppression technology. Summary of the invention

[0005] In order to increase the selection space to achieve the suppression of mechanical vibration noise and thus improve the signal-to-noise ratio of seismic data, a method, device and equipment for suppressing mechanical vibration noise of a controllable source are provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0006] In a first aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a method for suppressing mechanical vibration noise of a controllable vibrator, which may include:

[0007] Obtain relevant information about the exploration target layer;

[0008] Determining characteristic information of the vibrator mechanical vibration noise based on relevant previous records of the investigation of the vibrator mechanical vibration noise;

[0009] Determine the starting frequency of the vibrator scanning signal based on the lowest starting frequency of the vibrator; determine the ending frequency of the vibrator scanning signal based on the highest expected frequency of the reflected wave in the relevant information of the exploration target layer and the natural frequency of the vibrator in the characteristic information;

[0010] Determine the scanning length of the vibroseis scanning signal based on the reflection time in the relevant information of the exploration target layer, the natural frequency of the vibroseis in the characteristic information, and the starting frequency and the ending frequency of the vibroseis scanning signal;

[0011] Based on the starting frequency, the ending frequency and the scanning length, the vibroseis scanning signal is collected to obtain the correlated original single shot data;

[0012] The correlated original single shot data is suppressed based on the offset range, the propagation speed of the controllable vibrator mechanical vibration noise, the controllable vibrator natural frequency and the time-distance relationship of the mechanical vibration noise propagation in the characteristic information.

[0013] Optionally, the obtaining of relevant information of the exploration target layer may include:

[0014] Based on the geological requirements of the exploration area, determining the position of the exploration target layer and the maximum expected frequency of the reflected wave of the exploration target layer; and,

[0015] Based on the single shot record and / or seismic profile in the historical seismic data, the reflection wave event of the exploration target layer is identified to determine the reflection time of the reflection wave event.

[0016] Optionally, the determining of characteristic information of the vibrator mechanical vibration noise based on the relevant pre-investigation records of the vibrator mechanical vibration noise may include:

[0017] Based on the relevant previous records of the investigation of the controllable source mechanical vibration noise, interactive analysis is performed to determine the propagation speed and amplitude spectrum of the controllable source mechanical vibration noise, and the relationship curve between the energy of the controllable source mechanical vibration noise and the propagation distance;

[0018] Determining the natural frequency of the vibrator based on the position of the extreme point in the amplitude spectrum of the mechanical vibration noise of the vibrator;

[0019] Based on the position of the inflection point in the relationship curve between the energy of the vibrator mechanical vibration noise and the propagation distance, the offset distance range of the high energy part of the vibrator mechanical vibration noise is determined.

[0020] Optionally, determining the termination frequency of the vibroseis scanning signal based on the maximum expected frequency of the reflected wave in the relevant information of the exploration target layer and the natural frequency of the vibroseis in the characteristic information may include:

[0021] Based on the comparison result of the highest expected frequency of the reflected wave and the natural frequency of the controllable source, the end frequency of the controllable source scanning signal is determined on the basis that at least part of the natural frequency of the controllable source is outside the start frequency and end frequency range of the scanning signal.

[0022] Optionally, determining the termination frequency of the vibroseis scanning signal may specifically include:

[0023] If the highest expected frequency of the reflected wave is less than the first natural frequency of the vibrator, the value of the end frequency of the vibrator scanning signal is between the highest expected frequency of the reflected wave and the first natural frequency;

[0024] If the highest expected frequency of the reflected wave is greater than the n-1th natural frequency in the controllable seismic source and less than the nth natural frequency, then the value of the termination frequency of the controllable seismic source scanning signal is between the highest expected frequency of the reflected wave and the nth natural frequency; wherein n≥2.

[0025] Optionally, determining the scanning length of the controllable vibroseis scanning signal may include:

[0026] Determine the natural frequency of the vibrator within the frequency range of the vibrator scanning signal based on the natural frequency of the vibrator and the starting frequency and the ending frequency of the vibrator scanning signal;

[0027] Based on the scanning signal type, the reflection time, the starting frequency, the ending frequency and the natural frequency of the controllable seismic source within the frequency range of the controllable seismic source scanning signal, and taking the resonant noise in the mechanical vibration noise of the controllable seismic source after the reflection of the target layer as the benchmark, the scanning length of the controllable seismic source scanning signal is determined.

[0028] Optionally, the determining the scanning length of the vibrator scanning signal based on the scanning signal type, the reflection time, the starting frequency, the ending frequency, and the natural frequency of the vibrator within the frequency range of the vibrator scanning signal and taking the resonant noise in the vibrator mechanical vibration noise as a reference after being located between the reflections of the target layer may include:

[0029] Based on the scanning signal type, establishing a functional relationship between instantaneous frequency, time and scanning length;

[0030] Taking the instantaneous frequency equal to the natural frequency of the mechanical vibration noise of the controllable vibrator, determining the time corresponding to different scanning lengths;

[0031] The scanning length of the controllable vibroseis scanning signal is determined based on the time being greater than the reflection time.

[0032] Optionally, the suppressing the correlated original single shot data based on the offset range in the characteristic information, the propagation speed of the vibrator mechanical vibration noise, the vibrator natural frequency, and the time-distance relationship of the mechanical vibration noise propagation may include:

[0033] Based on the offset range, an abnormal amplitude suppression method is used to suppress the strong energy components in the vibrator mechanical vibration noise within the near offset range in the original single shot data;

[0034] Based on the propagation speed of the vibrator mechanical vibration noise, a regular linear noise suppression method is used to suppress the non-abnormal strong energy components in the vibrator mechanical vibration noise within a preset range of the noise propagation speed in the original single shot data;

[0035] The frequency range of the resonance noise suppression band is determined based on the natural frequency of the controllable seismic source, and the denoising time window is determined based on the time-distance relationship of the mechanical vibration noise propagation, so as to suppress the controllable seismic source mechanical resonance noise in the original single-shot data by using a strong energy frequency division suppression method based on the denoising time window and the frequency range of the resonance noise suppression band.

[0036] In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a device for suppressing mechanical vibration noise of a controllable vibrator, which may include:

[0037] An acquisition module is used to obtain relevant information of the exploration target layer;

[0038] A characteristic information determination module, used to determine characteristic information of the controllable vibrator mechanical vibration noise based on relevant previous records of the investigation of the controllable vibrator mechanical vibration noise;

[0039] A starting frequency determination module, used for determining the starting frequency of the controllable vibrator scanning signal based on the lowest starting frequency of the controllable vibrator;

[0040] A termination frequency determination module, used to determine the termination frequency of the vibroseis scanning signal based on the maximum expected frequency of the reflected wave in the relevant information of the exploration target layer and the natural frequency of the vibroseis in the characteristic information;

[0041] A scanning length determination module, used to determine the scanning length of the controllable source scanning signal based on the reflection time in the relevant information of the exploration target layer, the controllable source natural frequency in the characteristic information, and the starting frequency and the ending frequency of the controllable source scanning signal;

[0042] An acquisition processing module, used for acquiring the vibroseis scanning signal based on the starting frequency, the ending frequency and the scanning length, so as to obtain the correlated original single shot data;

[0043] The noise suppression module is used to suppress the correlated original single shot data based on the offset range, the propagation speed of the controllable source mechanical vibration noise, the controllable source natural frequency and the time-distance relationship of the mechanical vibration noise propagation in the characteristic information.

[0044] In a third aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, which, when executed by a processor, implements the method for suppressing mechanical vibration noise of a controllable seismic source as described in the first aspect.

[0045] In a fourth aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a computer device, comprising a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, wherein when the processor executes the program, the method for suppressing mechanical vibration noise of a controllable seismic source as described in the first aspect is implemented.

[0046] The beneficial effects of the above technical solution provided by the embodiment of the present invention include at least:

[0047] The embodiments of the present invention provide a method, device and equipment for suppressing mechanical vibration noise of a controllable seismic source. The method is a method for suppressing mechanical vibration noise of a controllable seismic source with strong pertinence and good application effect, which can effectively eliminate the mechanical vibration noise in the controllable seismic source excitation data and improve the quality of single shot and profile data excited by the controllable seismic source.

[0048] Specifically, in the acquisition and processing stage, based on the frequency characteristics of mechanical vibration noise, the frequency band range of the scanning signal is designed on the principle of not covering or less covering the resonant frequency components of the controllable seismic source mechanical system, thereby reducing the number of frequency components that produce resonance and suppressing some strong amplitude frequency components of the mechanical vibration noise, thereby achieving the purpose of reducing the energy of the mechanical vibration noise. According to the relationship between the resonance occurrence time and the scanning length, the scanning duration of the scanning signal is designed on the principle that the mechanical resonance noise appears after the reflection time of the target layer, which can ensure that the mechanical resonance noise of the controllable seismic source appears after the reflection time of the target layer, and effectively avoid the interference of the controllable seismic source resonance noise on the reflection signal of the target layer and the overlying formation.

[0049] In the noise suppression stage, the characteristics of the mechanical vibration noise of the vibrator are fully utilized to decompose the noise into three parts. Through the series processing of three indoor processing steps, the noise generated by the vibrator mechanical system is effectively suppressed step by step from strong to weak, from the whole to the local. First, according to the strong energy range of the vibrator mechanical vibration noise, the abnormal amplitude threshold is determined by partition comparison, and the abnormal amplitude suppression method is used to remove the strong energy part of the near-offset distance of the vibrator mechanical vibration noise; then, according to the propagation velocity characteristics of the mechanical vibration noise, a targeted velocity range is set, and the regular linear interference suppression technology is used to remove the non-abnormal strong energy part of the vibrator mechanical vibration noise; finally, according to the formation mechanism of the vibrator mechanical resonance noise, the resonance frequency and scanning signal parameters are used to accurately determine the time and space range and frequency range of the resonance noise, and the strong energy frequency division suppression technology is used to suppress the local noise in the resonance noise development area in a targeted manner, eliminating the resonance noise part of the mechanical vibration noise. Through the combined application of the above methods, all mechanical vibration noise components in the vibrator single shot data are effectively eliminated, and the signal-to-noise ratio of the vibrator single shot is improved.

[0050] Other features and advantages of the present invention will be described in the following description, and partly become apparent from the description, or understood by practicing the present invention. The purpose and other advantages of the present invention can be realized and obtained by the structures particularly pointed out in the written description and the accompanying drawings.

[0051] The technical solution of the present invention is further described in detail below through the accompanying drawings and embodiments. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0052] The accompanying drawings are used to provide a further understanding of the present invention and constitute a part of the specification. Together with the embodiments of the present invention, they are used to explain the present invention and do not constitute a limitation of the present invention. In the accompanying drawings:

[0053] Figure 1 A flow chart of a method for suppressing mechanical vibration noise of a controllable vibrator provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0054] Figure 2 A specific flow chart of the method for suppressing mechanical vibration noise of a controllable vibrator provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0055] Figure 3 The relevant front vibrator mechanical vibration noise survey record provided in the embodiment of the present invention;

[0056] Figure 4 A relevant front vibrator mechanical vibration noise amplitude spectrum provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0057] Figure 5 A curve showing the change of mechanical vibration noise energy of the related front vibrator with the offset distance provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0058] Figure 6 A histogram of mechanical vibration noise energy after correlation of different frequency band scanning signals provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0059] Figure 7 The vibroseis single shot records obtained with different scanning lengths provided in the embodiments of the present invention;

[0060] Figure 8 A schematic diagram of a single shot and the removed noise before and after the removal of close-offset high-energy mechanical vibration noise provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0061] Fig. 9 A schematic diagram of a single shot and the removed noise before and after the removal of non-high energy mechanical vibration noise provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0062] Fig.10 A schematic diagram of a single shot and the removed noise before and after the mechanical resonance noise removal provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0063] Fig.11 A schematic diagram of a single shot comparison before and after the mechanical noise removal of the vibrator provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0064] Fig.12 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the controllable seismic source mechanical vibration noise suppression device provided in an embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0065] The exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Although the exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure are shown in the accompanying drawings, it should be understood that the present disclosure can be implemented in various forms and should not be limited by the embodiments set forth herein. On the contrary, these embodiments are provided to enable a more thorough understanding of the present disclosure and to fully convey the scope of the present disclosure to those skilled in the art.

[0066] The inventors found that the black triangle noise suppression technology of vibroseis mainly targets the strong energy scattering noise in the surface wave triangle area of ​​a single shot record. The noise is regarded as an abnormal amplitude without correlation. Based on the energy difference between noise and signal, the frequency division abnormal energy suppression method is used to suppress it. This method has a certain suppression effect on the strong energy part of the mechanical vibration noise with a small propagation distance, but the suppression effect is poor for the noise whose energy intensity is not much different from the effective signal after the propagation distance increases. Moreover, the suppression ability of the local sudden strong noise with a specific frequency component, such as the mechanical resonance noise of the vibroseis, is insufficient and the suppression effect is poor. In summary, it is very important to suppress the noise of the vibroseis in the acquisition of vibroseis. The existing noise suppression technology of the vibroseis mainly solves the problem of suppressing the harmonic interference of the vibroseis, but it cannot meet the need of suppressing the mechanical vibration noise of the vibroseis. It is urgent to develop targeted methods and devices to solve it, further improve the quality of vibroseis data, and promote the development of vibroseis acquisition technology.

[0067] In order to solve the technical problem, a method for suppressing mechanical vibration noise of a vibrator is provided in an embodiment of the present invention. The method is specifically an excitation parameter design method and an indoor data processing denoising method for improving the single shot and profile quality of vibrator excitation by suppressing mechanical vibration noise when vibrator excitation is used in onshore two-dimensional and three-dimensional seismic exploration. Figure 1 As shown, the method may include:

[0068] Step S11, obtaining relevant information of the exploration target layer.

[0069] Step S12: determining characteristic information of the vibrator mechanical vibration noise based on relevant previous records of the investigation of the vibrator mechanical vibration noise.

[0070] Step S13: Determine the starting frequency of the vibrator scanning signal based on the lowest starting frequency of the vibrator.

[0071] Step S14: Determine the termination frequency of the vibroseis scanning signal based on the maximum expected frequency of the reflected wave in the relevant information of the exploration target layer and the natural frequency of the vibroseis in the characteristic information.

[0072] Step S15, determining the scanning length of the vibroseis scanning signal based on the reflection time in the relevant information of the exploration target layer, the vibroseis natural frequency in the characteristic information, and the starting frequency and ending frequency of the vibroseis scanning signal.

[0073] Step S16: Based on the starting frequency, the ending frequency and the scanning length, the vibroseis scanning signal is collected to obtain the correlated original single shot data.

[0074] Step S17, suppressing the correlated original single shot data based on the offset range, the propagation speed of the vibrator mechanical vibration noise, the vibrator natural frequency and the time-distance relationship of the mechanical vibration noise propagation in the characteristic information.

[0075] The above-mentioned method for suppressing the mechanical vibration noise of the controllable source provided in the embodiment of the present invention is a method for suppressing the mechanical vibration noise of the controllable source with strong pertinence and good application effect. It can effectively eliminate the mechanical vibration noise in the controllable source excitation data and improve the quality of the single shot and profile data excited by the controllable source.

[0076] Specifically, in the acquisition and processing stage, based on the frequency characteristics of mechanical vibration noise, the frequency band range of the scanning signal is designed on the principle of not covering or less covering the resonant frequency components of the controllable seismic source mechanical system, thereby reducing the number of frequency components that produce resonance and suppressing some strong amplitude frequency components of the mechanical vibration noise, thereby achieving the purpose of reducing the energy of the mechanical vibration noise. According to the relationship between the resonance occurrence time and the scanning length, the scanning duration of the scanning signal is designed on the principle that the mechanical resonance noise appears after the reflection time of the target layer, which can ensure that the mechanical resonance noise of the controllable seismic source appears after the reflection time of the target layer, and effectively avoid the interference of the controllable seismic source resonance noise on the reflection signal of the target layer and the overlying formation.

[0077] In the noise suppression stage, the characteristics of the mechanical vibration noise of the vibrator are fully utilized to decompose the noise into three parts. Through the series processing of three indoor processing steps, the noise generated by the vibrator mechanical system is effectively suppressed step by step from strong to weak, from the whole to the local. First, according to the strong energy range of the vibrator mechanical vibration noise, the abnormal amplitude threshold is determined by partition comparison, and the abnormal amplitude suppression method is used to remove the strong energy part of the near-offset distance of the vibrator mechanical vibration noise; then, according to the propagation velocity characteristics of the mechanical vibration noise, a targeted velocity range is set, and the regular linear interference suppression technology is used to remove the non-abnormal strong energy part of the vibrator mechanical vibration noise; finally, according to the formation mechanism of the vibrator mechanical resonance noise, the resonance frequency and scanning signal parameters are used to accurately determine the time and space range and frequency range of the resonance noise, and the strong energy frequency division suppression technology is used to suppress the local noise in the resonance noise development area in a targeted manner, eliminating the resonance noise part of the mechanical vibration noise. Through the combined application of the above methods, all mechanical vibration noise components in the vibrator single shot data are effectively eliminated, and the signal-to-noise ratio of the vibrator single shot is improved.

[0078] In a specific embodiment, the present invention provides a specific method for suppressing mechanical vibration noise of a controllable vibrator, referring to Figure 2 As shown, the method may include the following steps:

[0079] Step S201: based on geological requirements for the exploration area, determine the level of the exploration target layer and the maximum expected frequency of the reflection wave of the exploration target layer.

[0080] In the embodiment of the present invention, the above-mentioned "exploration target layer" refers to the strata deposited at different ages below the surface, and oil and gas resources are usually only contained in the strata deposited at one or more ages. In petroleum exploration, the strata containing oil and gas are usually taken as the key targets of exploration. We call these exploration target strata the exploration target layer.

[0081] Geological demand refers to the demand for seismic exploration work put forward by geological research. It will clearly state which strata are the main targets of oil and gas exploration, that is, which strata are the target layers, and what requirements the resolution of seismic exploration needs to meet. Its main indicator is what level the maximum frequency of the obtained seismic reflection signal should reach, that is, the highest expected frequency f smax How big should it be.

[0082] In a specific example, the actual application of this invention is explained in a research area in the Tarim Basin. The surface of the area is covered by a thick Quaternary gravel accumulation layer. The construction of explosive source excitation is difficult and the acquisition cost is high. The use of controlled source excitation is more economical and feasible. In this area, the method and steps of the present invention are used to complete the design of controlled source excitation parameters and data processing for a three-dimensional acquisition project, effectively eliminating the influence of controlled source mechanical vibration noise on seismic data, and significantly improving the high quality of controlled source single shot data.

[0083] Step S202: Based on the single shot record and / or seismic profile in the historical seismic data, the reflection wave event of the exploration target layer is identified to determine the reflection time of the reflection wave event.

[0084] The above-mentioned steps S201 and S202 in the embodiment of the present invention are both for obtaining relevant information of the target layer for exploration. For example, the stratum that needs to be implemented in geological research is the Paleogene stratum, and the maximum frequency of the seismic signal to be obtained is 75Hz. First, it is necessary to find the reflection wave isochronous axis of the Paleogene stratum from the single-shot record or seismic profile obtained from previous seismic acquisition, and read its reflection time t0. After obtaining the t0 time, when designing the acquisition parameters, it is necessary to ensure that the reflection information within this time range can be obtained, and the reflection information within this time range is as unaffected as possible by various noises in the time domain and the frequency domain. The main purpose of the embodiment of the present invention is to minimize the impact of the controllable seismic source noise on the reflection information within the t0 time range. First, the mechanical vibration noise of the controllable seismic source is minimized or appears less in the t0 time range in the time domain, and second, the mechanical vibration noise of the controllable seismic source is minimized or appears less in the frequency domain at the protection frequency f of the target layer reflection wave. smax range; thirdly, the noise is suppressed through indoor processing methods.

[0085] Taking the design of vibroseis excitation parameters and indoor denoising of a single shot as an example, the geological requirements, previous seismic acquisition single shots and profiles were collected, and the reflection time of the target layer was determined to be 5.5s and the maximum expected frequency of the target layer reflection wave was 75Hz.

[0086] Step S203: Interactively analyze the relevant previous records of the investigation of the vibrator mechanical vibration noise to determine the propagation speed and amplitude spectrum of the vibrator mechanical vibration noise, and the relationship curve between the energy of the vibrator mechanical vibration noise and the propagation distance.

[0087] The vibrator excites a signal with a long duration, usually between 10 and 20 seconds. It usually needs to be correlated to more intuitively reflect the seismic response characteristics of the underground strata. Correlation processing refers to the cross-correlation operation of the received original signal with the vibrator reference signal. The cross-correlation operation compresses the long continuous signal excited by the vibrator into a correlated sub-wave that can represent the reflection information. The pre-correlation record is the original signal excited by the vibrator, that is, the signal without correlation operation.

[0088] In the specific implementation of the embodiment of the present invention, the propagation velocity analysis is performed on the above-mentioned investigation related pre-records through seismic data processing software, that is, on the related pre-records obtained from the controllable source mechanical vibration noise investigation, there are many phase axes with linear characteristics, which reflect the time-distance relationship of noise propagation. Read the time of one of the phase axes at point A and point B, calculate the time difference, and then divide the distance from point A to point B by this time difference to obtain the propagation velocity of the noise from point A to point B. In the processing and analysis software of seismic data, an interactive analysis function is provided. Picking a straight line along the noise phase axis can display the propagation velocity corresponding to this set of phase axes. The amplitude spectrum of noise is obtained by Fourier transform, which can be calculated by seismic data analysis software after selecting an analysis time window. The relationship curve of noise energy changing with propagation distance, first calculate the amplitude value of the noise at each position, and then make a propagation distance-amplitude curve.

[0089] Through the above propagation speed analysis, we can get Figure 3 The relevant previous controllable source mechanical vibration noise survey records are shown, from which the propagation speed of controllable source mechanical vibration noise can be known.

[0090] Step S204: Determine the natural frequency of the vibrator based on the position of the extreme point in the amplitude spectrum of the vibrator mechanical vibration noise.

[0091] In specific implementation, refer to Figure 4 As shown in the figure, the n natural frequencies f of the vibrator mechanical system are determined according to the positions of the n extreme points on the amplitude spectrum of the vibrator mechanical vibration noise. n (n=1,2,3,……). Figure 4 As shown in the figure, according to the positions of the two extreme points on the amplitude spectrum of the mechanical vibration noise of the vibrator, the two natural frequencies of the vibrator mechanical system are determined to be f1 = 30 Hz and f2 = 92.5 Hz.

[0092] Step S205: Determine the offset distance range of the strong energy part of the vibrator mechanical vibration noise based on the inflection point position in the curve of the relationship between the energy of the vibrator mechanical vibration noise and the propagation distance. Figure 5As shown, the offset distance range X=±200m of the strong energy part of the mechanical vibration noise of the controllable source is determined according to the relationship curve between the energy of the mechanical vibration noise of the controllable source and the propagation distance.

[0093] Step S206: Determine the starting frequency of the vibrator scanning signal based on the lowest starting frequency of the vibrator. This step is to determine the starting frequency of the scanning signal based on the lowest starting frequency of the vibrator selected during construction. For example, in the above example, the lowest starting frequency is 2 Hz, then the starting frequency f of the scanning signal is min =2Hz.

[0094] Step S207, based on the comparison result of the highest expected frequency of the reflected wave and the natural frequency of the controllable source, determine the end frequency of the controllable source scanning signal on the basis of making at least part of the natural frequency of the controllable source outside the start frequency and end frequency range of the scanning signal.

[0095] In the embodiment of the present invention, the natural frequency of the vibrator mechanical system is not included in f as much as possible. min -f max In principle, the range is within the range. max When using the seismic data acquisition system, two factors should be considered: first, we should try to obtain higher frequency information to facilitate obtaining higher resolution seismic data, that is, under the conditions allowed by the equipment, max Assuming that the maximum frequency allowed by the equipment is 140Hz, even if the maximum frequency required by the geological requirements is 75Hz, you should choose an f larger than 75Hz. max to obtain wider-band seismic data; second, try not to increase the natural frequency f of the vibrator mechanical system. n Included in min -f max range, otherwise resonance interference will occur.

[0096] In an optional embodiment, determining the termination frequency of the vibroseis scanning signal specifically includes:

[0097] If the highest expected frequency of the reflected wave is less than the first natural frequency in the vibrator, the value of the end frequency of the vibrator scanning signal is between the highest expected frequency of the reflected wave and the first natural frequency;

[0098] If the highest expected frequency of the reflected wave is greater than the n-1th natural frequency in the controllable source and less than the nth natural frequency, then the value of the termination frequency of the controllable source scanning signal is between the highest expected frequency of the reflected wave and the nth natural frequency; wherein n≥2.

[0099] Assume f nThere are two corresponding frequencies, 30Hz and 90Hz, while the maximum frequency that the vibrator can reach is 140Hz and the maximum frequency expected by geological requirements is 75Hz. Under these conditions, if we only consider the first principle, we can use f max Choose above 90Hz. However, this will cause f min -f max There are two natural frequencies of the mechanical system in the corresponding range, which will produce resonance interference corresponding to the two frequencies. max Choose between 75Hz and 90Hz, which can meet the minimum geological requirements and allow the f min -f max If the range only includes the resonant frequency of 30Hz, then only 30Hz resonant interference will be generated, and 90Hz resonant interference will not be generated, thereby achieving the purpose of reducing resonant interference.

[0100] In this step, there are usually one or more extreme points on the amplitude spectrum of the vibrator mechanical vibration noise. The frequencies corresponding to these extreme points are the natural frequencies of the vibrator mechanical system. When the vibrator scanning frequency reaches the natural frequency of the vibrator mechanical system, resonance will occur and resonant noise will be generated. Resonant noise is part of the vibrator mechanical vibration noise. It has strong energy and a long propagation distance, and has a greater impact on seismic data. Figure 6 As shown, the determined scanning signal excludes the natural frequencies of one or more controllable source mechanical systems from the controllable source scanning signal frequency band range, which can reduce the resonance noise and achieve the purpose of reducing the influence of mechanical vibration noise.

[0101] Step S208: Determine the natural frequency of the vibrator within the frequency range of the vibrator scanning signal based on the natural frequency of the vibrator and the start frequency and the end frequency of the vibrator scanning signal.

[0102] This step is based on the natural frequency f of the vibrator determined in step S204 above. n , and the scanning signal starting frequency f determined in step S206 min and the scanning signal termination frequency f determined in step S207 max , determine the natural frequency of the vibrator within the frequency range of the vibrator scanning signal (in this embodiment, f m express).

[0103] Step S209, based on the scanning signal type, reflection time, starting frequency, ending frequency and the natural frequency of the controllable source within the frequency range of the controllable source scanning signal, and taking the resonant noise in the mechanical vibration noise of the controllable source after the reflection of the target layer as the benchmark, determine the scanning length of the controllable source scanning signal.

[0104] According to the selected scanning signal type, the target layer reflection time t0, and the determined scanning signal starting frequency f min and the scanning signal end frequency f max , and the natural frequency f of the vibrator mechanical system within the start and end frequency range of the scanning signal m , based on the principle that the resonance noise of the vibrator mechanical system appears after the reflection time of the target layer, the time length of the vibrator scanning signal is calculated and determined. The specific determination process is as follows:

[0105] Based on the scanning signal type, a functional relationship between instantaneous frequency, time and scanning length is established; that is, according to the scanning signal type and parameters, a functional relationship between instantaneous frequency f, time t and scanning length T is established.

[0106] The embodiment of the present invention takes a linear frequency-up signal as an example, assuming that the starting frequency of the signal is f min , the termination frequency is f max , the functional relationship between instantaneous frequency f, time t and scanning length T is:

[0107]

[0108] The above formula is transformed into:

[0109]

[0110] Take the instantaneous frequency equal to the natural frequency of the mechanical vibration noise of the controllable source, and determine the time corresponding to different scanning lengths; that is, take the instantaneous frequency f equal to the resonant frequency f of the mechanical system of the controllable source n , calculate the time t corresponding to different scan lengths T.

[0111] When the above f is equal to the natural frequency f of the vibrator mechanical system m When

[0112]

[0113] The scanning length of the vibroseis scanning signal is determined based on the time being greater than the reflection time. That is, the optimal scanning length T is determined based on the criterion that t is greater than t0.

[0114] when When the frequency is f m The signal appearance time t is greater than the target layer reflection time t0, that is, the resonant noise of the controllable vibrator mechanical system appears after the target layer reflection time. That is the calculation formula used in the present invention to determine the scanning length of the linear up-conversion signal.

[0115] The mechanical resonance noise of the controllable vibrator has strong energy and a wide interference range. It is the noise that has the greatest impact on the data among the mechanical vibration noises. Figure 7 As shown, the scanning length T determined by this step can ensure that the mechanical resonance noise of the controllable source appears after the reflection time of the target layer, effectively avoiding the interference of the controllable source resonance noise on the reflection signal of the target layer and the overlying strata, and reducing the influence of mechanical vibration noise on the acquisition effect.

[0116] Based on the above example, the vibrator resonant frequencies f1 = 30 Hz, f2 = 92.5 Hz and the determined vibrator scanning signal starting frequency f min =2Hz, scanning signal end frequency f max =84Hz, the natural frequency of the vibrator mechanical system within the frequency range of the scanning signal is determined to be f m =30Hz; According to the actual situation that the scanning signal type determined by the project is a linear up-frequency scanning signal, the target layer reflection time t0 determined in the above steps is 5.5s, and the scanning signal starting frequency f is determined min =2Hz and scanning signal end frequency f max = 84 Hz, and the resonant frequency f of the vibrator mechanical system within the start and end frequency range of the scanning signal m =30Hz, substitute into the formula Calculations determined that the vibrator scan length should be greater than 16.11 seconds, and was ultimately determined to be 20 seconds.

[0117] Reference Figure 7 As shown in the figure, in the single shot of the scanning signal acquisition determined by this method, the 30Hz mechanical resonance noise appears below 5.5s, which effectively avoids the interference of the controllable source resonance noise on the reflection signal of the target layer and the overlying stratum, and reduces the influence of mechanical vibration noise on the acquisition effect.

[0118] Step S210, based on the starting frequency, the ending frequency and the scanning length, the vibroseis scanning signal is collected to obtain the original single shot data after correlation. This step is to perform field construction, or to process the data of field construction to obtain the original single shot data after correlation collected by the vibroseis. Based on the above example, the vibroseis scanning signal with a starting and ending frequency of 2-84Hz and a scanning length of 20s is used for field construction to obtain the original single shot data collected by the vibroseis.

[0119] Step S211: Based on the offset range, an abnormal amplitude suppression method is used to suppress the strong energy components in the vibrator mechanical vibration noise within the near offset range in the original single shot data.

[0120] This step uses the original single-shot data obtained in step S210 as input, and adopts the abnormal amplitude suppression processing method to suppress the strong energy components of the vibrator mechanical vibration noise within the near offset range. During the application of the abnormal amplitude suppression processing method, the energy level of the seismic traces within and outside the ±200m offset range after noise suppression is equivalent, and the processing parameters of the amplitude threshold of 10 and the attenuation coefficient of 0.7 are determined through experiments. Figure 8 As shown in the figure, the noise in the frame includes two noise components: the strong mechanical noise of the vibrator and the noise with linear characteristics. Through this step, the strong mechanical noise component of the vibrator within the offset range of ±200m (CHAN No. 80-120) is effectively removed. Figure 8 Right side), leaving only the mechanical noise component with linear characteristics ( Figure 8 middle).

[0121] Step S212: Based on the propagation velocity of the vibrator mechanical vibration noise, a regular linear noise suppression method is used to suppress the non-abnormal strong energy components in the vibrator mechanical vibration noise within a preset range of the noise propagation velocity in the original single shot data.

[0122] This step uses the original single shot data processed in step S211 as input, the propagation speed V0 of the mechanical vibration noise of the controllable source (V0 = 550m / s), and adopts the regular linear noise suppression technology to set the noise speed within the range of V0 (1±20%), that is, to set the noise speed within the range of 440 to 660m / s, and perform linear interference suppression. Fig. 9 As shown, Fig. 9 There are a lot of noises with linear characteristics on the left side, including vibrator mechanical noise with linear characteristics and other linear noises. Through this step of processing, the vibrator mechanical noise with linear characteristics and other linear noises with speeds similar to the vibrator linear noise are effectively removed ( Fig. 9 Right side), only some mechanical resonance noise components remain ( Fig. 9 middle).

[0123] The difference between this step and the previous method is that the method does not treat the controllable seismic source mechanical vibration noise as random noise, but on the basis of fully recognizing that the mechanical vibration noise is a low-speed regular noise propagating along the near-surface, the noise speed range is determined according to its propagation speed, and the regular noise suppression technology is applied to suppress it.

[0124] Step S213, determine the frequency range of the resonance noise suppression band based on the natural frequency of the controllable seismic source, and determine the denoising time window based on the time-distance relationship of the mechanical vibration noise propagation, so as to suppress the controllable seismic source mechanical resonance noise in the original single-shot data by using a strong energy frequency division suppression method based on the denoising time window and the frequency range of the resonance noise suppression band.

[0125] In this step, the time-distance relationship function of the resonant noise propagation is as follows:

[0126]

[0127] Where t is the propagation time of the resonant noise, f m is the natural frequency of the vibrator mechanical system within the start and end frequency range of the scanning signal, V0 is the propagation speed of the resonant noise, f min is the starting frequency of the scanning signal, f max is the end frequency of the scanning signal, T is the scanning length of the scanning signal, and x is the offset distance.

[0128] This step determines the mechanical system natural frequency f within the start and end frequency range of the scanning signal. m , take f m ±5Hz is the frequency range of the resonant noise suppression band, that is, the frequency range of the resonant noise suppression is f m -5Hz to f m +5Hz; according to the frequency f of the resonant noise within the start and end frequency range of the above scanning signal m , combined with the controllable source mechanical vibration noise propagation speed V0, the starting frequency of the scanning signal f min and the stop frequency f max , trace length T, according to the formula Establish the time-distance relationship of resonant noise propagation and determine the time and space range of resonant interference development; use the data processed in step S212 as input data, set the denoising time window and suppression frequency range according to the time-distance relationship of resonant noise propagation and the resonant noise frequency range, and use a strong energy frequency division suppression method to remove the mechanical resonant noise of the controllable seismic source.

[0129] In the above example, the frequency f of the resonant noise within the vibrator sweep signal range is m =30Hz, set the frequency range of the resonance noise suppression band to 25-35Hz; set the controllable source resonance frequency f within the start and end frequency range of the controllable source scanning signal m =30Hz, propagation speed V0 = 550m / s, starting frequency of the scanning signal f min =2Hz, end frequency f max =84Hz, scanning length T=20s, substitute into the formula Calculate and determine the time-distance relationship of the resonant noise propagation; use the data processed in step S212 as input data, set the denoising time window and suppression frequency range according to the frequency range of the resonant noise and the time-distance relationship of the noise propagation, and use the strong energy frequency division suppression method to remove the mechanical resonant noise of the controllable vibrator. Fig.10 As shown in the figure, the frame is the mechanical resonance noise development area, and there is residual controllable vibrator mechanical resonance noise in the area. Through this step of processing, the resonance noise is effectively removed ( Fig.10 Right side), the denoised record no longer has the mechanical noise component of the vibrator ( Fig.10 middle).

[0130] It should be noted here that in the embodiment of the present invention, the above-mentioned steps S211, S212 and S213 can be executed in any order, but in order to improve the noise suppression effect, it is preferred to perform noise suppression in the process of "step S211→step S212→step S213". If other processes are used, relatively weaker suppression effects can also be achieved. The embodiment of the present invention does not impose too many restrictions on this.

[0131] Reference Fig.11 As shown, after the noise is suppressed in steps S211, S212 and S213, the single shot data with the mechanical vibration noise of the vibrator eliminated is obtained ( Fig.11 right). Fig.11 As shown on the left, the mechanical noise of the vibrator masks the effective reflection signal from the underground. After being processed by the method provided by the embodiment of the present invention, the mechanical noise of the vibrator is effectively suppressed, the signal-to-noise ratio of a single shot is greatly improved, and the effective reflection wave event axis ( Fig.11 The embodiment of the present invention fully recognizes and utilizes the formation mechanism of the vibrator resonance noise, accurately calculates and sets the time and space range and frequency range of the resonance interference development according to the vibrator resonance noise characteristic parameters and the vibrator scanning parameters, suppresses the resonance noise more specifically, avoids the damage to the effective signal while ensuring the effect, and obtains the single shot data that eliminates the influence of the vibrator mechanical vibration noise.

[0132] Based on the same inventive concept, a device for suppressing mechanical vibration noise of a controllable vibrator is provided in an embodiment of the present invention, referring to Fig.12 As shown, the device may include: an acquisition module 11, a feature information determination module 12, a start frequency determination module 13, an end frequency determination module 14, a scan length determination module 15, a collection and processing module 16 and a noise suppression module 17, and its working principle is as follows:

[0133] The acquisition module 11 is used to obtain relevant information of the exploration target layer;

[0134] The characteristic information determination module 12 is used to determine the characteristic information of the vibrator mechanical vibration noise based on the relevant previous records of the investigation of the vibrator mechanical vibration noise;

[0135] The starting frequency determination module 13 is used to determine the starting frequency of the controllable source scanning signal based on the lowest starting frequency of the controllable source;

[0136] The end frequency determination module 14 is used to determine the end frequency of the vibroseis scanning signal based on the maximum expected frequency of the reflected wave in the relevant information of the exploration target layer and the natural frequency of the vibroseis in the characteristic information;

[0137] The scanning length determination module 15 is used to determine the scanning length of the vibroseis scanning signal based on the reflection time in the relevant information of the exploration target layer, the natural frequency of the vibroseis in the characteristic information, and the starting frequency and the ending frequency of the vibroseis scanning signal;

[0138] The acquisition processing module 16 is used to acquire the vibroseis scanning signal based on the starting frequency, the ending frequency and the scanning length to obtain the correlated original single shot data;

[0139] The noise suppression module 17 is used to suppress the original single shot data after correlation based on the offset range, the propagation speed of the controllable source mechanical vibration noise, the controllable source natural frequency and the time-distance relationship of the mechanical vibration noise propagation in the characteristic information.

[0140] In an optional embodiment, the acquisition module 11 is specifically used for:

[0141] Based on the geological requirements of the exploration area, determining the position of the exploration target layer and the maximum expected frequency of the reflected wave of the exploration target layer; and,

[0142] Based on the single shot record and / or seismic profile in the historical seismic data, the reflection wave event of the exploration target layer is identified to determine the reflection time of the reflection wave event.

[0143] In another optional embodiment, the characteristic information determination module 12 is specifically used to: perform interactive analysis based on the relevant previous records of the investigation of the controllable source mechanical vibration noise, determine the propagation speed and amplitude spectrum of the controllable source mechanical vibration noise, and the relationship curve between the energy of the controllable source mechanical vibration noise and the propagation distance;

[0144] Determining the natural frequency of the vibrator based on the position of the extreme point in the amplitude spectrum of the mechanical vibration noise of the vibrator;

[0145] Based on the position of the inflection point in the relationship curve between the energy of the vibrator mechanical vibration noise and the propagation distance, the offset distance range of the high energy part of the vibrator mechanical vibration noise is determined.

[0146] In another optional embodiment, the termination frequency determination module 14 is specifically used to determine the termination frequency of the controllable seismic source scanning signal based on the comparison result of the highest expected frequency of the reflected wave and the natural frequency of the controllable seismic source, with the basis that at least part of the natural frequency of the controllable seismic source is outside the starting frequency and the termination frequency range of the scanning signal.

[0147] More specifically, the end frequency determination module 14 is specifically used for: if the highest expected frequency of the reflected wave is less than the first natural frequency of the vibrator, the value of the end frequency of the vibrator scanning signal is between the highest expected frequency of the reflected wave and the first natural frequency;

[0148] If the highest expected frequency of the reflected wave is greater than the n-1th natural frequency in the controllable seismic source and less than the nth natural frequency, then the value of the termination frequency of the controllable seismic source scanning signal is between the highest expected frequency of the reflected wave and the nth natural frequency; wherein n≥2.

[0149] In another optional embodiment, the scanning length determination module 15 is specifically used to: determine the natural frequency of the controllable source within the frequency range of the controllable source scanning signal based on the natural frequency of the controllable source and the starting frequency and the ending frequency of the controllable source scanning signal;

[0150] Based on the scanning signal type, the reflection time, the starting frequency, the ending frequency and the natural frequency of the controllable seismic source within the frequency range of the controllable seismic source scanning signal, and taking the resonant noise in the mechanical vibration noise of the controllable seismic source after the reflection of the target layer as the benchmark, the scanning length of the controllable seismic source scanning signal is determined.

[0151] More specifically, the scanning length determination module 15 is specifically used to: establish a functional relationship between instantaneous frequency, time and scanning length based on the scanning signal type;

[0152] Taking the instantaneous frequency equal to the natural frequency of the mechanical vibration noise of the controllable vibrator, determining the time corresponding to different scanning lengths;

[0153] The scanning length of the controllable vibroseis scanning signal is determined based on the time being greater than the reflection time.

[0154] In another optional embodiment, the noise suppression module 17 is specifically used to: based on the offset range, use an abnormal amplitude suppression method to suppress the strong energy component in the vibrator mechanical vibration noise within the near offset range in the original single shot data;

[0155] Based on the propagation speed of the vibrator mechanical vibration noise, a regular linear noise suppression method is used to suppress the non-abnormal strong energy components in the vibrator mechanical vibration noise within a preset range of the noise propagation speed in the original single shot data;

[0156] The frequency range of the resonance noise suppression band is determined based on the natural frequency of the controllable seismic source, and the denoising time window is determined based on the time-distance relationship of the mechanical vibration noise propagation, so as to suppress the controllable seismic source mechanical resonance noise in the original single-shot data by using a strong energy frequency division suppression method based on the denoising time window and the frequency range of the resonance noise suppression band.

[0157] Based on the same inventive concept, an embodiment of the present invention provides a computer-readable storage medium on which a computer program is stored. When the program is executed by a processor, the method for suppressing mechanical vibration noise of the controllable vibrator is implemented.

[0158] Based on the same inventive concept, a computer device is provided in an embodiment of the present invention, including a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, and the processor implements the above-mentioned method for suppressing mechanical vibration noise of controllable seismic sources when executing the program.

[0159] The principles of the problems solved by the above-mentioned devices, media, and related equipment in the embodiments of the present invention are similar to those of the above-mentioned methods, so their implementation can refer to the implementation of the above-mentioned methods, and the repeated parts will not be repeated.

[0160] Those skilled in the art will appreciate that embodiments of the present invention may be provided as methods, systems, or computer program products. Therefore, the present invention may take the form of a complete hardware embodiment, a complete software embodiment, or an embodiment combining software and hardware. Moreover, the present invention may take the form of a computer program product implemented on one or more computer-usable storage media (including but not limited to disk storage and optical storage, etc.) containing computer-usable program code.

[0161] The present invention is described with reference to flowcharts and / or block diagrams of methods, devices (systems), and computer program products according to embodiments of the present invention. It should be understood that each process and / or block in the flowchart and / or block diagram, as well as the combination of processes and / or blocks in the flowchart and / or block diagram, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions can be provided to a processor of a general-purpose computer, a special-purpose computer, an embedded processor, or other programmable data processing device to produce a machine, so that the instructions executed by the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing device generate instructions for implementing the processes in the flowchart and / or block diagram. Figure 1 A process or multiple processes and / or boxes Figure 1 A device that provides the functions specified in a block or multiple blocks.

[0162] These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer-readable memory capable of directing a computer or other programmable data processing device to operate in a specific manner, so that the instructions stored in the computer-readable memory produce an article of manufacture comprising an instruction device, which implements the process Figure 1 A process or multiple processes and / or boxes Figure 1 A function specified in one or more boxes.

[0163] These computer program instructions can also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing device so that a series of operating steps are executed on the computer or other programmable device to produce a computer-implemented process, thereby providing instructions for implementing the process in the computer or other programmable device. Figure 1 A process or multiple processes and / or boxes Figure 1 The steps for the functions specified in one or more boxes.

[0164] Obviously, those skilled in the art can make various changes and modifications to the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Thus, if these modifications and variations of the present invention fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention and their equivalents, the present invention is also intended to include these modifications and variations.

Claims

1. A method for suppressing mechanical vibration noise of a controllable vibrator, characterized in that: include: Obtain relevant information about the exploration target layer; Determining characteristic information of the vibrator mechanical vibration noise based on relevant previous records of the investigation of the vibrator mechanical vibration noise; Determining the starting frequency of the controllable source scanning signal based on the lowest starting frequency of the controllable source; Determining the termination frequency of the vibroseis scanning signal based on the maximum expected frequency of the reflected wave in the relevant information of the exploration target layer and the natural frequency of the vibroseis in the characteristic information; Determine the scanning length of the vibroseis scanning signal based on the reflection time in the relevant information of the exploration target layer, the natural frequency of the vibroseis in the characteristic information, and the starting frequency and the ending frequency of the vibroseis scanning signal; Based on the starting frequency, the ending frequency and the scanning length, the vibroseis scanning signal is collected to obtain the correlated original single shot data; The correlated original single shot data is suppressed based on the offset range, the propagation speed of the controllable vibrator mechanical vibration noise, the controllable vibrator natural frequency and the time-distance relationship of the mechanical vibration noise propagation in the characteristic information.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The obtaining of relevant information of the exploration target layer includes: Based on the geological requirements of the exploration area, determining the position of the exploration target layer and the maximum expected frequency of the reflected wave of the exploration target layer; and, Based on the single shot record and / or seismic profile in the historical seismic data, the reflection wave event of the exploration target layer is identified to determine the reflection time of the reflection wave event.

3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The method of determining characteristic information of the vibrator-based mechanical vibration noise based on the relevant previous records of the investigation includes: Based on the relevant previous records of the investigation of the controllable source mechanical vibration noise, interactive analysis is performed to determine the propagation speed and amplitude spectrum of the controllable source mechanical vibration noise, and the relationship curve between the energy of the controllable source mechanical vibration noise and the propagation distance; Determining the natural frequency of the vibrator based on the position of the extreme point in the amplitude spectrum of the mechanical vibration noise of the vibrator; Based on the position of the inflection point in the relationship curve between the energy of the vibrator mechanical vibration noise and the propagation distance, the offset distance range of the high energy part of the vibrator mechanical vibration noise is determined.

4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The step of determining the termination frequency of the vibroseis scanning signal based on the maximum expected frequency of the reflected wave in the relevant information of the exploration target layer and the natural frequency of the vibroseis in the characteristic information comprises: Based on the comparison result of the highest expected frequency of the reflected wave and the natural frequency of the controllable source, the end frequency of the controllable source scanning signal is determined on the basis that at least part of the natural frequency of the controllable source is outside the start frequency and end frequency range of the scanning signal.

5. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that Determining the termination frequency of the vibrator scanning signal specifically includes: If the highest expected frequency of the reflected wave is less than the first natural frequency of the vibrator, the value of the end frequency of the vibrator scanning signal is between the highest expected frequency of the reflected wave and the first natural frequency; If the highest expected frequency of the reflected wave is greater than the n-1th natural frequency in the controllable seismic source and less than the nth natural frequency, then the value of the termination frequency of the controllable seismic source scanning signal is between the highest expected frequency of the reflected wave and the nth natural frequency; wherein n≥2.

6. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that Determining the scanning length of the vibroseis scanning signal comprises: Determine the natural frequency of the vibrator within the frequency range of the vibrator scanning signal based on the natural frequency of the vibrator and the starting frequency and the ending frequency of the vibrator scanning signal; Based on the scanning signal type, the reflection time, the starting frequency, the ending frequency and the natural frequency of the controllable seismic source within the frequency range of the controllable seismic source scanning signal, and taking the resonant noise in the mechanical vibration noise of the controllable seismic source after the reflection of the target layer as the benchmark, the scanning length of the controllable seismic source scanning signal is determined.

7. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that The method of determining the scanning length of the vibrator scanning signal based on the scanning signal type, the reflection time, the starting frequency, the ending frequency, and the natural frequency of the vibrator within the frequency range of the vibrator scanning signal and taking the resonance noise in the vibrator mechanical vibration noise as a reference after being located between the reflections of the target layer, comprises: Based on the scanning signal type, establishing a functional relationship between instantaneous frequency, time and scanning length; Taking the instantaneous frequency equal to the natural frequency of the mechanical vibration noise of the controllable vibrator, determining the time corresponding to different scanning lengths; The scanning length of the controllable vibrator scanning signal is determined based on the time being greater than the reflection time.

8. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The method of suppressing the correlated original single shot data based on the offset range in the characteristic information, the propagation speed of the mechanical vibration noise of the controllable source, the natural frequency of the controllable source, and the time-distance relationship of the propagation of the mechanical vibration noise comprises: Based on the offset range, an abnormal amplitude suppression method is used to suppress the strong energy components in the vibrator mechanical vibration noise within the near offset range in the original single shot data; Based on the propagation speed of the vibrator mechanical vibration noise, a regular linear noise suppression method is used to suppress the non-abnormal strong energy components in the vibrator mechanical vibration noise within a preset range of the noise propagation speed in the original single shot data; The frequency range of the resonance noise suppression band is determined based on the natural frequency of the controllable seismic source, and the denoising time window is determined based on the time-distance relationship of the mechanical vibration noise propagation, so as to suppress the controllable seismic source mechanical resonance noise in the original single-shot data by using a strong energy frequency division suppression method based on the denoising time window and the frequency range of the resonance noise suppression band.

9. A device for suppressing mechanical vibration noise of a controllable vibrator, characterized in that: include: An acquisition module is used to obtain relevant information of the exploration target layer; A characteristic information determination module, used to determine characteristic information of the vibrator mechanical vibration noise based on relevant previous records of the investigation of the vibrator mechanical vibration noise; A starting frequency determination module, used for determining the starting frequency of the controllable vibrator scanning signal based on the lowest starting frequency of the controllable vibrator; A termination frequency determination module, used to determine the termination frequency of the vibroseis scanning signal based on the maximum expected frequency of the reflected wave in the relevant information of the exploration target layer and the natural frequency of the vibroseis in the characteristic information; A scanning length determination module, used to determine the scanning length of the controllable source scanning signal based on the reflection time in the relevant information of the exploration target layer, the controllable source natural frequency in the characteristic information, and the starting frequency and the ending frequency of the controllable source scanning signal; An acquisition processing module, used for acquiring the vibroseis scanning signal based on the starting frequency, the ending frequency and the scanning length, so as to obtain the correlated original single shot data; The noise suppression module is used to suppress the correlated original single shot data based on the offset range, the propagation speed of the controllable source mechanical vibration noise, the controllable source natural frequency and the time-distance relationship of the mechanical vibration noise propagation in the characteristic information.

10. A computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, characterized in that: When the program is executed by a processor, the method for suppressing mechanical vibration noise of a controllable vibrator as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 9 is implemented.

11. A computer device comprising a memory, a processor and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, characterized in that: When the processor executes the program, the method for suppressing mechanical vibration noise of a controllable vibrator as described in any one of claims 1 to 9 is implemented.

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