Steel rail fastener and assembling method thereof

Abstract

According to the steel rail fastener and the assembling method thereof, two gauge aprons abut against the two sides of the bottom of a steel rail in the direction perpendicular to the extending direction of the steel rail, and the gauge aprons are matched with elastic strips which are of an omega-shaped structure on the whole; the elastic strip comprises an abutting part located in the middle of the elastic strip and two elastic arms located on the two sides of the abutting part respectively, the abutting part abuts against the gauge baffle, the side, close to the bottom of the steel rail, of the abutting part is closed, the side, away from the bottom of the steel rail, of the abutting part is provided with an opening, and the two elastic arms are located on the outer side of the gauge baffle. One ends of the two elastic arms are connected to the two ends, corresponding to the opening, of the abutting part respectively, and the other ends of the two elastic arms extend to the steel rail bottom, are located below the abutting part and abut against the top face of the steel rail bottom. The bottom end of the spike assembly sequentially penetrates through the middle vacant part of the abutting part and the gauge apron from top to bottom, and the top end of the spike assembly abuts against the top face of the abutting part so that the compatibility and universality of the whole steel rail fastener can be met when the whole steel rail fastener is used.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of rail spare parts manufacturing, and in particular to a rail fastener and an assembling method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Omega spring clip fasteners have the characteristic of adjustable fastening pressure, are suitable for sections with different requirements and are convenient for adjustment of operating lines. They have become the main type of railway fasteners at home and abroad. During the installation and maintenance of omega spring clip fasteners, "three-point contact" is required, that is, when the fastener reaches the established torque and is installed in place, the two spring arms of the omega spring clip and the middle ring are in contact with the rail foot or the upper surface of the gauge block at the same time. However, the three-point contact method cannot meet the compatibility and versatility of the entire rail fastener during use, and cannot guarantee the comfort of passengers. Summary of the invention

[0003] The object of the present invention is to provide a rail fastener and an assembly method thereof to solve the problems existing in the above-mentioned prior art, so as to meet the compatibility and versatility of the entire rail fastener when used, and ensure the riding comfort of passengers.

[0004] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following solution: The present invention provides a rail fastener, comprising two gauge baffles installed on a sleeper, the two gauge baffles abutting against two sides of the rail bottom of the rail in a direction perpendicular to the extension of the rail, and the gauge baffles are equipped with elastic bars with an overall ω-shaped structure;

[0005] The elastic bar includes a pressing portion located in the middle part thereof and two elastic arms respectively located on both sides of the pressing portion, the pressing portion is in an arc-shaped structure and abuts against the track gauge baffle, the pressing portion is in a closed shape on the side close to the bottom of the rail, and the pressing portion has an opening on the side away from the bottom of the rail, the two elastic arms are located on the outside of the gauge baffle, and one end of the two elastic arms is respectively connected to the two ends of the pressing portion corresponding to the opening, and the other end extends to the bottom of the rail and is located below the pressing portion, and both are pressed against the top surface of the bottom of the rail;

[0006] The spring bar is equipped with a spike assembly, the bottom end of the spike assembly passes through the middle vacant part of the pressing part and the gauge baffle in sequence from top to bottom, and is connected to the sleeper, and the top end of the spike assembly abuts against the top surface of the pressing part.

[0007] Preferably, the spike assembly comprises a spike and a sleeve pre-buried in the sleeper, the spike is provided with a nut abutting against the top surface of the pressing portion, a flat washer is provided between the nut and the pressing portion, the diameter of the flat washer is larger than the structure of the middle vacant portion of the pressing portion, the nut is coaxially connected with a screw rod, the screw rod passes through the middle vacant portion of the pressing portion and the gauge baffle in sequence from top to bottom, and is threadedly connected in the sleeve.

[0008] Preferably, the opening is a constricted structure, and its structure is smaller than the diameter of the spike.

[0009] Preferably, the vertical distance between the axis of the spike and the axis of the rail bottom in the horizontal direction is not less than 107 mm.

[0010] Preferably, a first groove matching the structure of the pressing portion is formed on the top surface of the portion of the gauge baffle close to the bottom of the rail, and the pressing portion is embedded in the first groove.

[0011] Preferably, a second groove is provided on the top surface of the portion of the gauge baffle away from the bottom of the rail, and tails are connected between the two ends of the two elastic arms and the corresponding openings of the pressing portion, and the two tails are embedded in the second groove.

[0012] Preferably, the gauge baffle has a first side wall with an inclined structure on the side away from the bottom of the rail, and the first side wall gradually inclines toward the bottom of the rail from its top end to its bottom end. The sleeper is provided with a shoulder that fits with the first side wall, and a plurality of groups of first protrusions and first grooves that fit together are provided between the shoulder and the first side wall.

[0013] Preferably, the gauge baffle has a second side wall on a side close to the bottom of the rail, and the bottom wall of the second side wall is provided with a convex edge located below the bottom of the rail, and the convex edge extends in the same direction as the bottom of the rail.

[0014] Preferably, a rail height adjustment plate is provided below the bottom of the rail and located between the two convex edges. The top and bottom walls of the rail height adjustment plate are arrayed with pit structures, and the ends of the rail height adjustment plate close to the two convex edges are provided with multiple groups of second protrusions and second grooves that fit together between the convex edges.

[0015] A method for assembling a rail fastener is also provided, comprising the following steps:

[0016] S1. Casing setting: When making sleepers, pre-buried casings should be placed 0 to 2 mm below the sleeper rail surface.

[0017] S2, fastener assembly: clean the mud and dirt on the sleeper bearing rail surface, remove the impurities and accumulated water in the casing, and inject protective grease into the casing; lay the rail height adjustment pad in the middle of the sleeper bearing rail surface; fix two gauge baffles on both sides of the rail height adjustment pad; lay the rail on the rail height adjustment pad; place the tail of the spring bar in the second groove on the gauge baffle, and the ends of the two spring arms press the bottom of the rail; screw the spike with flat washers into the casing and tighten the spring bar; check the track gauge and track direction;

[0018] S3. Adjustment of rail height: According to the rail height adjustment, the ballast is tampered with. When tampering with the ballast cannot meet the fine adjustment, the height adjustment pad under the rail is replaced for adjustment.

[0019] S4. Adjustment of left and right rail position: Replace the gauge baffle according to the required adjustment of left and right rail position.

[0020] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has achieved the following technical effects:

[0021] The present invention presses the two elastic arms of the spring bar against the bottom of the rail to achieve two-point contact between the spring bar and the bottom of the rail, without the restriction of three-point contact, thus achieving the compatibility, interchangeability and versatility of rail fastener standards. The two-point contact between the spring bar and the bottom of the rail increases the elasticity of the entire spring bar when it is used, and combined with the high elastic range of the spring bar, increases the comfort of passengers when riding. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0022] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative labor.

[0023] Figure 1 It is a side view of the overall structure of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 2 It is a top view of the overall structure of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 3 It is three views of the spring bar of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 4 Two views of the road spike of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 5 Two views of the track gauge baffle of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 6 Two views of the rail height adjustment pad of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 7 It is a second view of the sleeve of the present invention;

[0030] Among them, 1-elastic bar, 2-spike, 3-gauge baffle, 4-rail height adjustment pad, 5-casing, 6-shoulder, 7-sleeper, 8-pressure part, 9-elastic arm, 10-contact plane, 11-nut, 12-flat washer, 13-screw, 14-second groove, 15-first groove, 16-convex edge, 17-pit, 18-second protrusion. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0031] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0032] The object of the present invention is to provide a rail fastener and an assembly method thereof to solve the problems existing in the above-mentioned prior art, so as to meet the compatibility and versatility of the entire rail fastener when used, and ensure the riding comfort of passengers.

[0033] In order to make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more obvious and easy to understand, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0034] like Figures 1 to 7As shown, the present embodiment provides a rail fastener, which is mainly suitable for prestressed ballasted tracks with shoulder 6, including two gauge baffles 3 installed on sleepers 7, the two gauge baffles 3 abut on both sides of the bottom of the rail in a direction perpendicular to the extension of the rail, the gauge baffle 3 is equipped with an elastic bar 1 with an overall ω-shaped structure, the elastic bar 1 is preferably made of silicon-manganese spring steel, with a hardness of 41-46HRC, a buckling pressure of ≥10kN, and a fatigue performance of 5 million times without breaking the elastic bar 1, and its diameter is 14mm, the gauge baffle 3 is preferably made of nylon 6+30% glass fiber, and it is not damaged after a 60kN compression test; the elastic bar 1 includes a pressing portion 8 located in the middle part thereof and two elastic arms 9 located on both sides of the pressing portion 8, the pressing portion 8 is in an arc structure and abuts on the gauge baffle 3, and the pressing portion 8 is closed on one side close to the bottom of the rail. The pressing part 8 has an opening on one side away from the bottom of the rail, and the two elastic arms 9 are located on the outside of the rule baffle, and one end of the two elastic arms 9 is respectively connected to the two ends of the corresponding openings of the pressing part 8, and the other end extends to the bottom of the rail and is located below the pressing part 8, and both are pressed against the top surface of the bottom of the rail. The specific elastic arm 9 is an arc-shaped structure as a whole, and the middle part thereof is bent upward and in the direction of extension of the bottom of the rail to fully increase the elastic range of the elastic arm 9, which is helpful to increase the fatigue life of the elastic bar 1; the elastic bar 1 is equipped with a spike assembly, the bottom end of the spike assembly passes through the middle vacant part of the pressing part 8 and the gauge baffle 3 from top to bottom in sequence, and is connected to the sleeper 7, the top end of the spike assembly is abutted on the top surface of the pressing part 8, the elastic bar 1 is connected to the gauge baffle 3 as a whole through the spike assembly, and when the spike assembly is installed in place, the buckling pressure of the elastic bar 1 on the rail reaches a set value. The present invention presses the two elastic arms 9 of the spring bar 1 against the bottom of the rail to achieve two-point contact between the spring bar 1 and the bottom of the rail, without the restriction of three-point contact, thus achieving the compatibility, interchangeability and versatility of rail fastener standards. The two-point contact between the spring bar 1 and the bottom of the rail increases the elasticity of the entire spring bar 1 when used, and combined with the high elastic range of the spring bar 1, increases the comfort of passengers when riding.

[0035] In a specific embodiment, the spike assembly includes a spike 2 and a sleeve 5 embedded in the sleeper 7. The spike 2 is preferably made of 35# high-quality carbon structural steel, with a tensile strength of ≥500Mpa, a yield strength of ≥300Mpa, an elongation of ≥20%, and a cold bending performance of 90° without cracks. The sleeve 5 is made of PA6 material, and its outer surface is provided with frosted pattern or spark pattern. The spike 2 is provided with a nut 11 abutting against the top surface of the pressing part 8, and a flat washer 12 is provided between the nut 11 and the pressing part 8. The diameter of the flat washer 12 is larger than the structure of the middle vacant part of the pressing part 8, so that the nut 11 can abut on the top surface of the pressing part 8 through the flat washer 12 to ensure that the nut 11 applies effective pressing force to the pressing part 8. Preferably, the top of the extended pressing part 8 is provided with a contact plane 10 that is in surface contact with the flat washer 12 to ensure the stability of the contact between the flat washer 12 and the pressing part 8. The nut 11 is coaxially connected with a screw rod 13, which passes through the middle vacant part of the pressing part 8 and the gauge baffle 3 from top to bottom in sequence, and is threadedly connected in the sleeve 5. When the spike 2 reaches a predetermined torque and is installed in place, the buckling pressure of the spring bar 1 on the rail reaches a set value.

[0036] Preferably, the opening is in a constricted structure, and the structure is smaller than the diameter of the spike 2. By setting the opening of the pressing portion 8 in a constricted structure, the spike 2 is restricted in the middle vacant portion of the pressing portion 8, that is, the spike 2 is restricted inside the arc structure of the pressing portion 8, so as to avoid the reaction force of the rail on the spring bar 1 and the reaction force on the spike 2, which makes it easy for the spike 2 to escape from the opening, and then the spring bar 1 is no longer restricted by the spike 2, affecting the force it exerts on the rail.

[0037] In a specific embodiment, the vertical distance between the axis of the spike 2 and the axis of the bottom of the rail in the horizontal direction is not less than 107 mm, so as to ensure that the distance between the position where the spike 2 is pressed on the spring bar 1 and the bottom of the rail is long enough, thereby increasing the length of the lever arm and effectively enhancing the ability to resist overturning of the rail.

[0038] In a specific embodiment, a first groove 15 matching the structure of the pressing portion 8 is provided on the top surface of the gauge baffle 3 near the bottom of the rail, and the pressing portion 8 is embedded in the first groove 15, thereby ensuring the contact density between the pressing portion 8 and the gauge baffle 3, avoiding displacement of the pressing portion 8 along the top surface of the gauge baffle 3 during the force application process, resulting in failure of the pressing function against the bottom of the rail, and preferably the first groove 15 is divided into two spaced-apart sub-grooves, the two side edges of the pressing portion 8 are respectively abutted against each sub-groove, the middle position of the pressing portion 8 extends out of the gauge baffle 3, and is spaced above the bottom of the rail.

[0039] In a specific embodiment, a second groove 14 is provided on the top surface of the portion of the gauge baffle 3 away from the bottom of the rail, and tail portions are connected between the two ends of the openings of the two elastic arms 9 and the corresponding openings of the pressing portion 8, and the two tail portions are embedded in the second groove 14, so that the gauge baffle 3 supports the two ends of the pressing portion 8 respectively through the first groove 15 and the second groove 14, and then the spike 2 passes through the middle vacant part of the pressing portion 8, and the spike 2 is located in the middle position of the extension of the pressing portion 8, and then the elastic bar 1 and the gauge baffle 3 are assembled together through the spike 2. The second groove 14 extends in the same direction as the rail, and a reinforcing rib is provided in the middle position of the second groove 14 to ensure the structural strength of the gauge baffle.

[0040] In a specific embodiment, the side of the gauge baffle 3 away from the bottom of the rail has a first side wall with an inclined structure, and the first side wall gradually inclines toward the bottom of the rail from its top to its bottom, and a shoulder 6 that fits with the first side wall is provided on the sleeper 7, and a plurality of sets of first protrusions and first grooves 15 that fit together are provided between the shoulder 6 and the first side wall. By setting the first side wall in an inclined structure and being able to fit with the shoulder 6 surface-to-surface, the force is effectively dispersed to the shoulder 6, so that the vertical downward force of the gauge baffle 3 on the sleeper 7 can be reduced, and the damage to the foundation under the rail is reduced. It is also preferred that the first protrusion and the first groove 15 are fitted together to enhance the strength of the connection between the shoulder 6 and the first side wall to avoid relative displacement during the force application process.

[0041] In a specific embodiment, the gauge baffle 3 has a second side wall on the side close to the bottom of the rail, and the bottom wall of the second side wall is provided with a flange 16 located below the bottom of the rail, and the flange 16 extends in the same direction as the bottom of the rail, and abuts against the side wall of the bottom of the rail through the second side wall, and cooperates with the abutment between the first side wall and the shoulder 6, so that the gauge baffle 3 abuts the bottom of the rail between the two shoulders 6 to ensure the overall stability of the rail, and by providing the flange 16 at the second side wall and providing the flange 16 below the bottom of the rail, the flange 16 can be pressed by the rail to ensure the stability of the gauge baffle 3 connected between the rail and the shoulder 6.

[0042] Furthermore, a rail height adjustment pad 4 is provided below the rail bottom and located between the two convex edges 16. The rail height adjustment pad 4 is preferably made of EVA, with a Shore A hardness of 32 to 47 and an insulation resistance of ≥10 8Ω.cm, the top and bottom walls of the rail height adjustment pad 4 are arrayed with pits 17 structures to achieve the shock-absorbing and noise-reducing effect of the entire rail height adjustment pad 4 on the rail, and the ends of the rail height adjustment pad 4 close to the two convex edges 16 are provided with multiple groups of interlocking second protrusions 18 and second grooves 14 between the convex edges 16 to improve the strength of the connection between the rail height adjustment pad 4 and the gauge baffle 3, further ensure the stability of the gauge baffle 3 during use, and preferably, both ends of the rail height adjustment pad 4 are provided with blocks in pairs, and the two blocks abut against the two sides of the gauge baffle 3 along the extension direction of the rail.

[0043] A method for assembling a rail fastener is also provided, comprising the following steps:

[0044] S1. Setting of casing 5: When manufacturing sleeper 7, casing 5 is pre-buried, and the top surface of casing 5 is 0-2 mm lower than the rail-bearing surface of sleeper 7; preferably, after casing 5 is buried, if it is not pre-assembled in sleeper 7 factory, it should be covered with plastic (or other material) cover to prevent rainwater and mud from entering;

[0045] S2, fastener assembly: clean the mud and dirt on the rail surface of the sleeper 7, remove the impurities and water in the sleeve 5, and inject protective grease into the sleeve 5; lay the rail height adjustment pad 4 in the middle of the rail surface of the sleeper 7; fix the two gauge baffles 3 on both sides of the rail height adjustment pad 4; lay the rail on the rail height adjustment pad 4; place the tail of the spring bar 1 in the second groove 14 on the gauge baffle 3, and the ends of the two elastic arms 9 press the bottom of the rail; screw the spike 2 with the flat washer 12 into the sleeve 5 to tighten the spring bar 1; preferably, the tightening of the spring bar 1 is based on the contact between the pressing part 8 of the spring bar 1 and the gauge baffle 3. If there is no contact, the maximum gap allowed is 0.5mm; and before large-scale installation on site, take 10 nodes for trial installation, and measure the actual installation torque that allows the spring bar 1 to be installed in place, and then carry out large-scale installation with the average value of the actual installation torque. The installation tool should use a controllable torque wrench or machine. Check the track gauge and track direction; if there is any discomfort, replace the track gauge baffle 3 according to Table 1 (rail left and right position adjustment configuration table) to adjust;

[0046]

[0047] Table 1

[0048] S3. Adjustment of rail height: According to the rail height adjustment, the ballast is tampered with. When tampering with the ballast cannot meet the fine adjustment, the rail height adjustment pad 4 is replaced for adjustment; the preferred adjustment amount is 1 to 5 mm.

[0049] S4. Adjustment of the left and right position of the rails: Replace the gauge baffle 3 according to the required adjustment of the left and right position of the rails, preferably according to the contents of Table 1. The gauge baffle 3 specifications in Table 1 are the configurations under normal circumstances. If the gauge baffle 3 with the specified number does not meet the gauge requirements due to manufacturing deviations of various components, it can be replaced according to the actual situation.

[0050] Adaptive changes made according to actual needs are all within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0051] It should be noted that it is obvious to those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the details of the exemplary embodiments described above, and that the present invention can be implemented in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential features of the present invention. Therefore, the embodiments should be regarded as exemplary and non-restrictive from any point of view, and the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims rather than the above description, and it is intended that all changes falling within the meaning and scope of the equivalent elements of the claims are included in the present invention. Any reference numerals in the claims should not be regarded as limiting the claims involved.

[0052] The present invention uses specific examples to illustrate the principles and implementation methods of the present invention. The above examples are only used to help understand the method and core ideas of the present invention. At the same time, for those skilled in the art, according to the ideas of the present invention, there will be changes in the specific implementation methods and application scope. In summary, the content of this specification should not be understood as limiting the present invention.

Claims

1. A rail fastener, It is characterized in that It comprises two gauge baffles installed on the sleeper, the two gauge baffles abut against the two sides of the bottom of the rail in a direction perpendicular to the extension of the rail, and the gauge baffles are equipped with elastic bars with an overall ω-shaped structure; The elastic bar includes a pressing portion located in the middle part thereof and two elastic arms respectively located on both sides of the pressing portion, the pressing portion is in an arc-shaped structure and abuts against the track gauge baffle, the pressing portion is in a closed shape on the side close to the bottom of the rail, and the pressing portion has an opening on the side away from the bottom of the rail, the two elastic arms are located on the outside of the gauge baffle, and one end of the two elastic arms is respectively connected to the two ends of the pressing portion corresponding to the opening, and the other end extends to the bottom of the rail and is located below the pressing portion, and both are pressed against the top surface of the bottom of the rail; The spring bar is equipped with a spike assembly, the bottom end of the spike assembly passes through the middle vacant part of the pressing part and the gauge baffle in sequence from top to bottom, and is connected to the sleeper, and the top end of the spike assembly abuts against the top surface of the pressing part.

2. The rail fastener according to claim 1, It is characterized in that The spike assembly includes a spike and a sleeve pre-buried in the sleeper, the spike is provided with a nut abutting against the top surface of the pressing part, a flat washer is provided between the nut and the pressing part, the diameter of the flat washer is larger than the structure of the middle vacant part of the pressing part, the nut is coaxially connected with a screw rod, the screw rod passes through the middle vacant part of the pressing part and the gauge baffle from top to bottom in sequence, and is threadedly connected in the sleeve.

3. The rail fastener according to claim 2, It is characterized in that The opening is in a constricted structure, and its structure is smaller than the diameter of the spike.

4. The rail fastener according to claim 3, It is characterized in that The vertical distance between the axis of the spike and the axis of the bottom of the rail in the horizontal direction is not less than 107 mm.

5. The rail fastener according to any one of claims 2 to 4, It is characterized in that A first groove matching the structure of the pressing portion is formed on the top surface of the portion of the gauge baffle close to the bottom of the rail, and the pressing portion is embedded in the first groove.

6. The rail fastener according to claim 5, It is characterized in that A second groove is formed on the top surface of the portion of the gauge baffle away from the bottom of the rail, and tail portions are connected between the two elastic arms and the two ends of the corresponding openings of the pressing portion, and the two tail portions are embedded in the second groove.

7. The rail fastener according to claim 6, It is characterized in that The side of the gauge baffle away from the bottom of the rail has a first side wall with an inclined structure, and the first side wall gradually inclines toward the bottom of the rail from its top end to its bottom end. The sleeper is provided with a shoulder that fits with the first side wall, and a plurality of sets of first protrusions and first grooves that fit together are provided between the shoulder and the first side wall.

8. The rail fastener according to claim 7, It is characterized in that The gauge baffle has a second side wall on one side close to the bottom of the rail, and the bottom wall of the second side wall is provided with a convex edge located below the bottom of the rail, and the convex edge extends in the same direction as the bottom of the rail.

9. The rail fastener according to claim 8, It is characterized in that A rail height adjustment pad is provided below the bottom of the rail and located between the two convex edges. The top and bottom walls of the rail height adjustment pad are arrayed with pit structures, and the ends of the rail height adjustment pad close to the two convex edges are provided with multiple groups of second protrusions and second grooves that fit together between the convex edges.

10. An assembly method using the rail fastener according to any one of claims 1 to 9, It is characterized in that The steps include: S1. Casing setting: When making sleepers, pre-buried casings should be placed 0 to 2 mm below the sleeper rail surface. S2, fastener assembly: clean the mud and dirt on the sleeper bearing rail surface, remove the impurities and accumulated water in the casing, and inject protective grease into the casing; lay the rail height adjustment pad in the middle of the sleeper bearing rail surface; fix two gauge baffles on both sides of the rail height adjustment pad; lay the rail on the rail height adjustment pad; place the tail of the spring bar in the second groove on the gauge baffle, and the ends of the two spring arms press the bottom of the rail; screw the spike with flat washers into the casing and tighten the spring bar; check the track gauge and track direction; S3. Adjustment of rail height: According to the rail height adjustment, the ballast is tampered with. When tampering with the ballast cannot meet the fine adjustment, the height adjustment pad under the rail is replaced for adjustment. S4. Adjustment of left and right rail position: Replace the gauge baffle according to the required adjustment of left and right rail position.

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