High-rise building fire risk assessment method

Abstract

The invention discloses a high-rise building fire risk assessment method, and relates to the technical field of building fire assessment, and the method comprises the steps: determining the fire prediction level of each fire-fighting region through monitoring and analyzing the fire safety of an open fire region of each fire-fighting region in a high-rise building, the safety of an electrical circuit, and the influence of the environment on a fire-fighting device; the method comprises the following steps: acquiring fire in an open fire area, executing corresponding operation, ensuring the fire using standardization of personnel in the open fire area, knowing the air circulation condition in the open fire area, predicting the fire of the high-rise building from multiple dimensions, increasing the accuracy of a prediction result, ensuring the fire using and ventilation standardization of the high-rise building, and ensuring the safety of electrical circuits in the high-rise building. And when a fire disaster occurs, the fire extinguishing effect of the fire fighting device is guaranteed, the danger of the building fire disaster is reduced, and the safety of the building and the safety of personnel in the building are protected.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of fire risk assessment, and in particular to a method for assessing fire risk in high-rise buildings. Background Art

[0002] High-rise buildings are usually densely populated, and fires may cause greater personal injury or casualties. Therefore, early fire risk assessment can help identify potential fire hazards and formulate effective prevention and emergency measures to ensure the safety of high-rise buildings.

[0003] Prior art, such as a high-rise building fire risk assessment method disclosed in publication number CN114282849A, includes: preliminarily selecting high-rise building electrical fire risk assessment parameter indicators to obtain preliminarily selected system indicators; based on the FP-Growth algorithm and combined with the association rules of the minimum threshold mining indicators, the preliminarily selected system indicators are analyzed for correlation and optimized for structure to construct a risk assessment indicator system; combined with the improved DEMATEL-ANP indicator weight assignment method, weights are assigned to each indicator; each characteristic parameter indicator in the risk assessment is quantified through a cloud theory model to construct a risk assessment matrix; the indicator weights of high-rise building fires and the risk assessment matrix are calculated according to the standardized weighted average, the asymmetric closeness of each evaluation level is calculated, and the high-rise building electrical fire risk assessment result is given. The present invention comprehensively considers the effectiveness problems brought about by using only the maximum membership principle, and improves the accuracy and applicability of high-rise building electrical fire risk assessment.

[0004] The above scheme has at least the following shortcomings: 1. A necessary condition for a fire to occur is a fire source. In high-rise buildings, fire sources include not only open flames caused by improper use of lines, but also open flames caused by improper use of fire in open fire areas such as smoking areas and cooking areas. However, the existing technology lacks monitoring of fire sources and ventilation in open fire areas, thereby failing to ensure the standardization of fire use by personnel in open fire areas, and failing to understand the air circulation conditions in open fire areas, resulting in irregular use of fire and ventilation in high-rise buildings, increasing the risk of fire in high-rise buildings.

[0005] 2. High-rise buildings have complex functions, such as office and storage. Regular inspections of high-rise lines and timely replacement and maintenance of lines when problems occur are conducive to improving electrical safety in high-rise buildings. However, if they are not repaired and replaced for a long time, the abnormal area of ​​the lines will become larger and larger, resulting in increased electrical hazards. However, in the existing technology, when monitoring the electrical system, there is a lack of analysis of changes in line data, and it is impossible to understand the safety management of the lines by personnel, thereby failing to ensure the safety of high-rise electrical lines and increasing the risk of fire in high-rise electrical lines.

[0006] 3. Fire-fighting devices in high-rise buildings need to be inspected regularly to ensure their normal operation. However, fire-fighting devices are installed in high-rise buildings for a long time and are greatly affected by the environment. When there is a lot of dust in the environment for a long time, it is easy to block the water outlet of the fire-fighting device, affecting the normal operation of the fire-fighting device. However, the existing technology lacks the ability to analyze the impact of the environment on the fire-fighting device based on the maintenance frequency and environment of the fire-fighting device, thereby failing to ensure the patency of the water outlet of the fire-fighting device for a long time, and failing to provide effective data for the formulation of subsequent fire prevention plans. At the same time, when a fire occurs, the fire-fighting effect of the fire-fighting device is reduced, increasing the risk of fire in high-rise buildings. Summary of the invention

[0007] In view of the above-mentioned technical deficiencies, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for assessing fire risk in high-rise buildings.

[0008] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions: The present invention provides a high-rise building fire risk assessment method, comprising the following steps: S1, dividing the high-rise area of ​​the building into various fire protection areas according to fire protection needs, and at the same time obtaining the open fire area of ​​each fire protection area, deploying a number of monitoring equipment in the open fire area of ​​each fire protection area, monitoring the fire usage data of the open fire area in each fire protection area, and analyzing the fire usage situation of the open fire area in each fire protection area.

[0009] S2. Obtain electrical maintenance data of each fire zone, randomly inspect the circuits of each fire zone, obtain circuit data of each inspection in each fire zone, and analyze the electrical conditions of each fire zone.

[0010] S3. Regularly inspect the fire-fighting equipment and environment of each fire prevention area, record the fire-fighting equipment inspection form and environmental data of each fire prevention area, and use the fire usage and electrical conditions of the open flame area in each fire prevention area to confirm the fire prediction level of each fire prevention area.

[0011] S4. Perform corresponding fire prevention operations according to the fire prediction level of each fire prevention area.

[0012] The beneficial effects of the present invention are: 1. The present invention provides a method for assessing the fire risk of high-rise buildings. By monitoring and analyzing the fire safety of the open fire areas in each fire protection area in the high-rise building, the safety of the electrical lines, and the impact of the environment on the fire protection equipment, the fire prediction level of each fire protection area is confirmed, and corresponding operations are performed to ensure the standardization of the use of fire by personnel in the open fire area. At the same time, the air circulation conditions in the open fire area are understood, and fires in high-rise buildings are predicted from multiple dimensions, which increases the accuracy of the prediction results, reduces the danger of building fires, and protects the safety of buildings and the safety of people in the buildings.

[0013] 2. The present invention monitors the fire source and ventilation in the open fire area, thereby ensuring the standardization of fire use by personnel in the open fire area, understanding the air circulation conditions in the open fire area, ensuring the accuracy of the standardization analysis of fire use and ventilation in high-rise buildings, and reducing the fire risk caused by improper use of fire in high-rise buildings.

[0014] 3. The present invention monitors line data, analyzes the safety and changes of the lines, understands the safety management of the lines by personnel, and issues early warnings when the lines are in danger, thereby ensuring the safety of high-rise electrical lines and reducing the risk of fire in high-rise electrical lines.

[0015] 4. The present invention performs regular inspection and maintenance on the fire-fighting device, and then analyzes the impact of the environment on the fire-fighting device according to the maintenance frequency and environment, thereby providing data support for subsequent fire prediction and prevention. At the same time, the maintenance frequency of the fire-fighting device is adjusted according to the environment to ensure the patency of the water outlet of the fire-fighting device for a long time, thereby ensuring the fire-fighting effect of the fire-fighting device when a fire occurs. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0016] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0017] Figure 1 The present invention is a schematic flow chart of the steps for implementing the method. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0018] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0019] See also Figure 1 As shown, a high-rise building fire risk assessment method includes the following steps: S1, dividing the high-rise area of ​​the building into various fire protection zones according to fire protection needs, and at the same time obtaining the open fire area of ​​each fire protection zone, deploying a number of monitoring equipment in the open fire area of ​​each fire protection zone, monitoring the fire usage data of the open fire area in each fire protection area, and analyzing the fire usage situation of the open fire area in each fire protection area.

[0020] It should be noted that fire zones are set up by building managers, and each fire zone has independent fire prevention measures to prevent the spread of fire. The area of ​​each fire zone should be based on the height and purpose of the building and meet the requirements of fire regulations.

[0021] In the above, open fire areas include but are not limited to smoking areas and cooking areas. Open fire areas are divided by building management personnel according to fire regulations.

[0022] In a specific embodiment, the fire usage data of the open fire area in each fire zone is monitored, and the specific process is as follows: an infrared camera is set in the open fire area of ​​each fire zone, and each collection time is arranged according to a preset time interval, and the infrared camera is used to collect the thermal image of the open fire area in each fire zone at each collection time to obtain the thermal image of the open fire area in each fire zone at each collection time.

[0023] Image processing technology is used to process the thermal images of the open fire area in each fire protection zone at each acquisition time to obtain the position, area and temperature of each fire source in the open fire area in each fire protection zone at each acquisition time.

[0024] A smoke sensor is arranged in the open fire area of ​​each fire protection zone to collect the smoke density of the open fire area in each fire protection zone at each collection time.

[0025] An air flow sensor is installed at the ventilation place of the open fire area in each fire protection area to collect the air flow of the open fire area in each fire protection area at each collection time.

[0026] The position of each fire source in the open fire area in each fire protection zone at each collection time, the area of ​​each fire source, the temperature of each fire source, the smoke concentration and the air flow rate are used as the fire usage data of the open fire area in each fire protection zone.

[0027] In another specific embodiment, the analysis of the fire usage of the open fire area in each fire zone is as follows: the position, area and temperature of each fire source at each acquisition time are obtained from the fire usage data of the open fire area in each fire zone, and the fire source evaluation coefficient of the open fire area in each fire zone is calculated, which is recorded as α1 g , g represents the number of each fire protection zone, and g is a positive integer.

[0028] In the above, the fire source assessment coefficient of the open fire area in each fire zone is specifically processed as follows: a clean image of the open fire area in each fire zone is obtained, and the prohibited fire source stay range of the open fire area in each fire zone is obtained through image processing and recognition technology; the position of each fire source corresponding to the open fire area in each fire zone at each acquisition time is compared with the prohibited fire source stay range, and the fire source located within the prohibited fire source stay range is recorded as a dangerous fire source, and the number of dangerous fire sources corresponding to the open fire area in each fire zone at each acquisition time is counted, which is recorded as N gt , t represents the number of each collection moment, and t is a positive integer.

[0029] The open fire areas in each fire protection zone at each collection time corresponding to the positions of each fire source are clustered to obtain each cluster. The areas of each fire source in each cluster are accumulated to obtain the fire source area of ​​each cluster as the area of ​​each fire source gathering area. Thus, the area of ​​each fire source gathering area corresponding to the open fire area in each fire protection zone at each collection time is obtained, which is recorded as S gtw , w represents the number of the fire source gathering area, and w is a positive integer.

[0030] At the same time, the maximum temperature is extracted from the temperature of each fire source in each cluster as the temperature of each fire source gathering area, thereby obtaining the temperature of each fire source gathering area corresponding to the open fire area in each fire protection area at each acquisition time, recorded as T gtw .

[0031] The fire source area threshold and temperature threshold of the high-rise building are obtained from the safety monitoring center and are denoted as S and T respectively.

[0032] Among them, the fire source area threshold and temperature threshold of high-rise buildings respectively represent the maximum fire source area and maximum temperature allowed in high-rise buildings, and are set by building managers based on the function of the building and fire protection requirements.

[0033] The fire source assessment coefficient expression is:

[0034] Where, e represents a natural constant, p represents the number of collection moments, m represents the number of fire source gathering areas, and ε1 and ε2 are the set area proportional coefficient and temperature proportional coefficient, respectively.

[0035] The area and temperature of each fire source gathering area corresponding to each collection time at each historical prediction are obtained from the historical records, and compared with the fire source area threshold and temperature threshold, respectively. The number of fire source gathering areas with an area larger than the fire source area and the number of fire source gathering areas with a temperature larger than the temperature threshold are counted, which are recorded as a1 and a2, respectively.

[0036] The smoke density at each collection time is obtained from the fire usage data of the open fire area in each fire protection area, and the maximum smoke density is selected as the maximum smoke density of the open fire area in each fire protection area.

[0037] The maximum smoke density of the open fire area in each fire protection area is compared with the smoke density interval corresponding to each preset reference air flow rate, and the reference air flow rate corresponding to the open fire area in each fire protection area is obtained, which is recorded as V g '; Obtain the air flow rate at each acquisition time from the fire data of the open fire area in each fire protection area, recorded as V g .

[0038] Among them, the preset smoke concentration intervals corresponding to each reference air flow rate represent the smoke concentration intervals that can be dissipated by each reference air flow rate. For example, the smoke concentration interval corresponding to an air flow rate of 60 cubic meters per hour is [30, 40]. The unit of smoke concentration is milligrams per cubic meter, which means that at least 60 cubic meters of air flow per hour is required to dissipate smoke concentrations of 30 mg per cubic meter to 40 mg per cubic meter.

[0039] The smoke concentration range corresponding to each reference air flow rate is discussed and set by a number of professional building fire prediction experts based on their own experience and data on historical building fires.

[0040] The fire source assessment coefficient, reference air flow rate and air flow rate of the open fire area in each fire protection zone are input into the fire use assessment model, and the numerical value of the fire use assessment result of the open fire area in each fire protection zone is output. The numerical value of the fire use assessment result includes 1, 0 and -1.

[0041] When the value of the fire assessment result is 1, it indicates that the use of fire in the open fire area is safe; when the value of the fire assessment result is 0, it indicates that the use of fire in the open fire area is low-risk; when the value of the fire assessment result is -1, it indicates that the use of fire in the open fire area is high-risk.

[0042] In the above, the expression of the fire assessment model is:

[0043] In the formula, represents the value of the fire assessment result of the open fire area in the g-th fire zone, β max and β min are the upper and lower limits of the preset reference fire safety assessment coefficient range, γ1 and γ2 are the proportional coefficient of the set fire source assessment coefficient and the proportional coefficient of the air flow rate, respectively.

[0044] It should be noted that the reference fire safety assessment coefficient interval is a numerical range used to judge whether the use of fire is safe. When the calculated value is greater than or equal to the upper limit of the reference fire safety assessment coefficient interval, it means that the use of fire by people in the open fire area is standardized and there is no danger. When the calculated value is within the fire safety assessment coefficient interval, it means that there are fewer irregular behaviors in the use of fire by people in the open fire area and there is a certain danger. When the calculated value is less than or equal to the lower limit of the reference fire safety assessment coefficient interval, it means that most of the fire behaviors of people in the open fire area are irregular and there is a greater danger. The reference fire safety assessment coefficient interval is discussed and set by a number of professional building fire prediction experts based on their own experience and data on historical building fires.

[0045] For example, when the reference fire safety assessment coefficient interval is [10, 18], when When the calculated value of is 12, which is in the interval of [10, 18], it means that the personnel in the g-th open fire area have irregular behaviors in using fire, which is dangerous.

[0046] Preferably, the setting process of γ1 and γ2 is as follows: professional building fire prediction experts discuss and set the fire source assessment coefficient threshold based on their own experience and data on historical building fires, obtain the corresponding fire source assessment coefficient and air flow rate for each historical prediction from historical records, compare them with the fire source assessment coefficient threshold and reference air flow rate, and then set γ1 and γ2 according to the setting process of ε1 and ε2.

[0047] The present invention monitors the fire source and ventilation in the open fire area, thereby ensuring the standardization of fire use by personnel in the open fire area, understanding the air circulation conditions in the open fire area, ensuring the accuracy of the standardization analysis of fire use and ventilation in high-rise buildings, and reducing the fire risk caused by improper use of fire in high-rise buildings.

[0048] S2. Obtain electrical maintenance data of each fire zone, randomly inspect the circuits of each fire zone, obtain circuit data of each inspection in each fire zone, and analyze the electrical conditions of each fire zone.

[0049] In a specific embodiment, the circuit data of each inspection in each fire zone is obtained, and the specific process is as follows: during each inspection, the inspection personnel take pictures of the circuit images corresponding to each fire zone in each inspection. At the same time, the inspection personnel detect each line in each fire zone during each inspection and fill in the line detection table.

[0050] By using image recognition technology, the number of line accumulations and the damaged line area in each circuit image corresponding to each fire protection zone in each inspection are obtained; the maximum number of line accumulations is selected from the number of line accumulations in each circuit image corresponding to each fire protection zone in each inspection as the number of line accumulations corresponding to each fire protection zone in each inspection; the damaged line area in each circuit image corresponding to each fire protection zone in each inspection is accumulated to obtain the damaged line area corresponding to each fire protection zone in each inspection.

[0051] At the same time, the number of lines with abnormal insulation, the number of loose lines and the number of lines with abnormal specifications are obtained from the line detection table corresponding to each inspection in each fire protection area;

[0052] Among them, specification abnormality means that the line does not meet the rated current load standards set by building managers.

[0053] It should be noted that when the inspection personnel detect that there is an abnormality in the insulation, looseness or specification of at least one line, they need to immediately communicate with the person in charge of the fire protection area and prompt the person in charge to repair or maintain the line.

[0054] The number of line accumulations, line damaged areas, number of lines with abnormal insulation, number of loose lines and number of lines with abnormal specifications corresponding to each fire protection area in each inspection are used as circuit data.

[0055] In another specific embodiment, the electrical conditions of each fire zone are analyzed, and the specific process is as follows: obtaining the circuit data threshold corresponding to the electrical safety of the fire zone from the security control center, recorded as D; recording the circuit data of each inspection in each fire zone as D gx , x represents the number of each inspection, x is a positive integer; at the same time, according to the circuit data of each inspection in each fire zone, the change rate of the circuit data in each fire zone is calculated, which is recorded as k g .

[0056] in, Where D g(x+1) It represents the circuit data of the x+1th inspection in the gth fire protection zone, and y represents the number of inspections.

[0057] During each inspection, when the inspector detects that there is at least one line with abnormal insulation, looseness or specification abnormality, the present invention prompts the responsible personnel to repair or maintain the line. By calculating the circuit data change rate in each fire protection area, it can be reflected whether the responsible personnel have repaired or replaced the line, and whether the quality of the repair is qualified. When the change rate becomes larger, it indicates that the number of line abnormalities in the fire protection area is increasing, and it is also possible that the lines in the area have not been repaired or replaced, and the risk of electrical fires in the lines in the area is gradually increasing.

[0058] D、D gxand k g The input is given to the electrical assessment model, and the numerical value of the electrical safety assessment result of each fire protection area is output. The numerical value of the electrical safety assessment result includes 1, 0 and -1.

[0059] When the value of the electrical safety assessment result is 1, it indicates that electrical use is safe; when the value of the electrical safety assessment result is 0, it indicates that electrical use is low risk; when the value of the electrical safety assessment result is -1, it indicates that electrical use is high risk.

[0060] In the above, the expression of the electrical evaluation model is:

[0061] In the formula, The value representing the electrical safety assessment result of the g-th fire protection zone, φ max and φ min are the upper and lower limits of the preset reference electrical safety assessment coefficient range, and y represents the number of inspections.

[0062] It should be noted that the reference electrical safety assessment coefficient interval is a numerical range used to judge whether electrical lines are safe. When the calculated value is greater than or equal to the upper limit of the reference electrical safety assessment coefficient interval, it means that there are basically no abnormalities in the lines within the fire protection area. When the calculated value is within the reference electrical safety assessment coefficient interval, it means that there are fewer abnormal lines in the fire protection area and there is a certain danger. When the calculated value is less than or equal to the lower limit of the reference electrical safety assessment coefficient interval, it means that there are more abnormal lines in the fire protection area and the danger is higher. The reference electrical safety assessment coefficient interval is discussed and set by a number of professional building fire prediction experts based on their own experience and data on historical building fires.

[0063] For example, when the reference electrical safety assessment coefficient interval is [15, 22], when When the calculated value of is 14, 14<15, it means that there are more abnormal lines in the g-th fire protection area and the danger is higher.

[0064] The present invention monitors line data, analyzes the safety and changes of the lines, understands the safety management of the lines by personnel, and issues early warnings when the lines are in danger, thereby ensuring the safety of high-rise electrical lines and reducing the risk of fire in high-rise electrical lines.

[0065] S3. Regularly inspect the fire-fighting equipment and environment of each fire prevention area, record the fire-fighting equipment inspection form and environmental data of each fire prevention area, and use the fire usage and electrical conditions of the open flame area in each fire prevention area to confirm the fire prediction level of each fire prevention area.

[0066] In a specific embodiment, the inspection process of fire-fighting equipment and the environment in each fire protection zone is as follows: the inspection personnel inspect each fire-fighting equipment in each fire protection zone during each inspection, and maintain the fire-fighting equipment when it needs maintenance, and record the maintenance status of each fire-fighting equipment in each fire protection zone in the fire-fighting equipment inspection form, and the maintenance status includes no maintenance required and maintained; at the same time, environmental detection equipment is used to collect environmental data of the corresponding positions of each fire-fighting equipment in each fire protection zone during each inspection, as the environmental data of each fire protection zone for each inspection.

[0067] It should be noted that fire fighting equipment includes fire sprinkler equipment and smoke detectors, etc. Environmental data includes dust concentration and humidity, etc. Environmental detection equipment includes dust concentration sensors and humidity sensors.

[0068] In the above, the fire prediction level of each fire zone is determined as follows: the maintenance status of each fire device is obtained from the fire device inspection sheet of each inspection in each fire zone, and the maintenance frequency of each fire device in each fire zone is calculated, which is recorded as f gr , r represents the number of each fire-fighting device, and r is a positive integer; at the same time, the environmental data of the corresponding position of each fire-fighting device in each fire-proof area during each inspection are averaged to obtain the environmental data of the corresponding position of each fire-fighting device in each fire-proof area, which is recorded as H gr .

[0069] It should be noted that the time of each maintenance of each fire-fighting device in each fire protection zone is obtained, thereby obtaining the interval duration between each maintenance of each fire-fighting device in each fire protection zone, and then the mean calculation is performed to obtain the average maintenance interval duration of each fire-fighting device in each fire protection zone, and the inverse of the average maintenance interval duration of each fire-fighting device in each fire protection zone is used as the maintenance frequency of each fire-fighting device in each fire protection zone.

[0070] Obtain the optimal environmental data and preset maintenance frequency of each fire-fighting device corresponding to normal operation from the equipment management center, thereby obtaining the optimal environmental data and preset maintenance frequency of each fire-fighting device corresponding to normal operation in each fire protection area, which are recorded as H′ gr and f g ' r .

[0071] f gr , H gr , H′ gr and f g ' r The fire protection device evaluation model is input, and the numerical value of the safety evaluation result corresponding to the fire protection device in each fire protection area is output. The numerical value of the safety evaluation result includes 1, 0 and -1.

[0072] When the value of the safety assessment result is 1, it indicates that the environmental impact of the fire-fighting device is small; when the value of the safety assessment result is 0, it indicates that the environmental impact of the fire-fighting device is large; when the value of the safety assessment result is -1, it indicates that the environmental impact of the fire-fighting device is large.

[0073] In the above, the expression of the fire protection device evaluation model is:

[0074] In the formula, ψ g represents the value of the safety assessment result corresponding to the fire protection device in the g-th fire protection zone, ξ max and min are the upper and lower limits of the preset reference fire-fighting device safety assessment coefficient range, and u represents the number of fire-fighting devices.

[0075] It should be noted that the reference fire protection device safety assessment coefficient interval is used to judge whether the fire protection device is affected by the environment. When the calculated value is greater than or equal to the upper limit of the reference fire protection device safety assessment coefficient interval, it means that the fire protection device is almost not affected by the environment. When the calculated value is within the reference fire protection device safety assessment coefficient interval, it means that the fire protection device is less affected by the environment. When the calculated value is less than or equal to the lower limit of the reference fire protection device safety assessment coefficient interval, it means that the fire protection device is greatly affected by the environment. The reference fire protection device safety assessment coefficient interval is discussed and set by a number of professional building fire prediction experts based on their own experience and data on historical building fires.

[0076] For example, when the reference fire protection device safety assessment coefficient interval is [20, 28], when When the calculated value of is 32, 28<32, it means that the fire-fighting equipment in the g-th fire protection zone is almost not affected by the environment.

[0077] In an environment with high dust concentration, fire-fighting devices with nozzles such as fire sprinklers are prone to accumulate dust and tiny particles. These dust and particles may block the water outlet of the nozzle, resulting in a weakened or even complete failure of the water spraying effect. Long-term accumulation of dust may also corrode the internal structure of the nozzle, further affecting its normal operation. At the same time, when spraying water, when the nozzle is blocked by dust, the amount of water mist sprayed will decrease, and the water spraying coverage area will also be reduced accordingly. As a result, the sprinkler device cannot effectively cover the entire fire source area when a fire occurs, reducing the fire extinguishing efficiency. Similarly, in an environment with high humidity, water vapor in the air is easy to condense around the nozzle, and after combining with impurities inside the nozzle, it is easy to form a blockage, affecting the spray effect of the nozzle. Therefore, the environmental data is tested to analyze the impact of the environment on the lower device. When the environment is poor, the fire-fighting device needs to be cleaned frequently to ensure the normal operation of the fire-fighting device and reduce the occurrence of nozzle blockage.

[0078] The present invention performs regular inspection and maintenance on the fire-fighting device, and then analyzes the impact of the environment on the fire-fighting device according to the maintenance frequency and the environment, thereby providing data support for subsequent fire predictions. At the same time, the maintenance frequency of the fire-fighting device is adjusted according to the environment to ensure the patency of the water outlet of the fire-fighting device for a long time, thereby ensuring the fire-fighting effect of the fire-fighting device when a fire occurs.

[0079] The fire prediction level of each fire zone is determined by using the fire assessment results of the open fire zone in each fire zone, the electrical safety assessment results, and the safety assessment results corresponding to the fire protection device. The fire prediction level rule table is as follows:

[0080] Fire prediction level rule table

[0081]

[0082]

[0083] S4. Perform corresponding fire prevention operations according to the fire prediction level of each fire prevention area.

[0084] It should be noted that the three types of early warning prompts for fire electricity use, namely, category 1, category 2 and category 3, and category 1, category 2 and category 3 for fire electrical appliances, are respectively prompts with alarm frequencies from low to high. For example, the category 1 early warning prompt for fire electricity use is an alarm prompt every 10 seconds, and the prompt voice is "the line may burn, please deal with it as soon as possible"; the category 2 early warning prompt for fire electricity use is an alarm prompt every 5 seconds, and the prompt voice is "the line is easy to burn, and the possibility of causing a fire is high, please deal with it as soon as possible"; the category 3 early warning prompt for fire electricity use is an alarm prompt every 2 seconds, and the prompt voice is "the line is very easy to burn and cause a fire, please deal with it as soon as possible".

[0085] When the value of the safety assessment result corresponding to the fire-fighting device is 0, a separate prompt is given to increase the maintenance frequency of the fire-fighting device. When the value of the safety assessment result corresponding to the fire-fighting device is -1, a separate prompt is given to increase the maintenance frequency of the fire-fighting device and environmental treatment.

[0086] When predicting a fire, monitoring the fire-fighting equipment can effectively obtain the status of the fire-fighting equipment, provide a reference for the formulation of subsequent fire prevention plans, and improve the effectiveness of fire prevention.

[0087] It should also be noted that when the value of the fire use assessment result in the open fire area is 0, the fire users in the fire protection area will be educated on fire use regulations, and when the value of the fire use assessment result in the open fire area is 0, all personnel in the fire protection area will be reinforced with fire use regulations; similarly, when the value of the electrical safety assessment result is 0, the responsible personnel in the fire protection area will be educated on line safety, and when the value of the electrical safety assessment result is -1, all personnel in the fire protection area will be reinforced with line safety education.

[0088] The embodiment of the present invention monitors and analyzes the fire safety of open fire areas in each fire protection area in a high-rise building, the safety of electrical lines, and the impact of the environment on fire protection equipment, confirms the fire prediction level of each fire protection area, and performs corresponding operations to ensure the standardization of fire use by personnel in the open fire area. At the same time, the air circulation conditions in the open fire area are understood, and fires in high-rise buildings are predicted from multiple dimensions, thereby increasing the accuracy of prediction results, reducing the danger of building fires, and protecting the safety of buildings and personnel inside the buildings.

[0089] The above contents are merely examples and explanations of the concept of the present invention. Those skilled in the art may make various modifications or additions to the specific embodiments described or replace them in a similar manner. As long as they do not deviate from the concept of the invention or exceed the scope defined in this specification, they shall all fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for fire risk assessment of high-rise buildings. It is characterized in that The steps include: S1. Divide the high-rise area of ​​the building into various fire zones according to fire protection requirements, obtain the open fire area of ​​each fire zone, deploy a number of monitoring devices in the open fire area of ​​each fire zone, monitor the fire usage data of the open fire area in each fire zone, and analyze the fire usage of the open fire area in each fire zone; S2. Obtain electrical maintenance data of each fire zone, randomly inspect the circuits of each fire zone, obtain circuit data of each inspection in each fire zone, and analyze the electrical conditions of each fire zone; S3. Regularly inspect the fire-fighting equipment and environment of each fire-proof area, record the fire-fighting equipment inspection list and environmental data of each fire-proof area, and use the fire usage and electrical conditions of the open fire area in each fire-proof area to confirm the fire prediction level of each fire-proof area; S4. Perform corresponding fire prevention operations according to the fire prediction level of each fire prevention area.

2. A high-rise building fire risk assessment method according to claim 1, It is characterized in that The specific process of monitoring the fire usage data of the open fire area in each fire protection area is as follows: Infrared cameras are arranged in the open fire area of ​​each fire zone, and each collection time is arranged according to a preset time interval, and the infrared cameras are used to collect thermal images of the open fire area in each fire zone at each collection time to obtain thermal images of the open fire area in each fire zone at each collection time; Use image processing technology to process the thermal images of the open fire area in each fire protection zone at each acquisition time to obtain the position, area and temperature of each fire source in the open fire area in each fire protection zone at each acquisition time; Smoke sensors are installed in the open fire area of ​​each fire protection area to collect the smoke concentration of the open fire area in each fire protection area at each collection time; An air flow sensor is installed at the ventilation point of the open fire area in each fire protection area to collect the air flow of the open fire area in each fire protection area at each collection time; The position of each fire source in the open fire area in each fire protection zone at each collection time, the area of ​​each fire source, the temperature of each fire source, the smoke concentration and the air flow rate are used as the fire usage data of the open fire area in each fire protection zone.

3. A high-rise building fire risk assessment method according to claim 1, It is characterized in that The specific process of analyzing the fire usage of the open fire area in each fire protection area is as follows: From the fire usage data of the open fire area in each fire zone, the location, area and temperature of each fire source at each acquisition time are obtained, and the fire source assessment coefficient of the open fire area in each fire zone is calculated, which is recorded as α1 g , g represents the number of each fire protection area, g is a positive integer; Obtain the smoke density at each acquisition time from the fire usage data of the open fire area in each fire protection area, and select the maximum smoke density as the maximum smoke density of the open fire area in each fire protection area; The maximum smoke density of the open fire area in each fire protection area is compared with the smoke density interval corresponding to each preset reference air flow rate, and the reference air flow rate corresponding to the open fire area in each fire protection area is obtained, which is recorded as V g '; Obtain the air flow rate at each acquisition time from the fire data of the open fire area in each fire protection area, recorded as V g ; Input the fire source assessment coefficient, reference air flow rate and air flow rate of the open fire area in each fire zone into the fire use assessment model, and output the numerical value of the fire use assessment result of the open fire area in each fire zone. The numerical value of the fire use assessment result includes 1, 0 and -1; When the value of the fire assessment result is 1, it indicates that the use of fire in the open fire area is safe; when the value of the fire assessment result is 0, it indicates that the use of fire in the open fire area is low risk; When the fire assessment result is -1, it indicates that the risk of fire in the open fire area is high.

4. A high-rise building fire risk assessment method according to claim 3, It is characterized in that The fire source assessment coefficient of the open fire area in each fire protection area is as follows: Obtain clean images of the open fire areas in each fire zone, and obtain the prohibited fire source stay range of the open fire areas in each fire zone through image processing and recognition technology; compare the positions of each fire source corresponding to the open fire area in each fire zone at each acquisition time with the prohibited fire source stay range, and record the fire source located within the prohibited fire source stay range as a dangerous fire source, so as to count the number of dangerous fire sources corresponding to the open fire area in each fire zone at each acquisition time, recorded as N gt , t represents the number of each acquisition moment, and t is a positive integer; The open fire areas in each fire protection zone at each collection time corresponding to the positions of each fire source are clustered to obtain each cluster. The areas of each fire source in each cluster are accumulated to obtain the fire source area of ​​each cluster as the area of ​​each fire source gathering area. Thus, the area of ​​each fire source gathering area corresponding to the open fire area in each fire protection zone at each collection time is obtained, which is recorded as S gtw , w represents the number of the fire source gathering area, w is a positive integer; At the same time, the maximum temperature is extracted from the temperature of each fire source in each cluster as the temperature of each fire source gathering area, thereby obtaining the temperature of each fire source gathering area corresponding to the open fire area in each fire protection area at each acquisition time, recorded as T gtw ; Obtain the fire source area threshold and temperature threshold of the high-rise building from the safety monitoring center, denoted as S and T respectively; The fire source assessment coefficient expression is: In the formula, e represents a natural constant, p represents the number of sampling moments, m represents the number of fire source gathering areas, and ε 1 , ε 2 They are the set area proportional coefficient and temperature proportional coefficient respectively.

5. A high-rise building fire risk assessment method according to claim 1, It is characterized in that The specific process of obtaining the circuit data of each inspection in each fire protection area is as follows: During each inspection, the inspectors take pictures of the circuit images corresponding to each fire protection area during each inspection. At the same time, the inspectors test each line in each fire protection area during each inspection and fill in the line test form; Use image recognition technology to obtain the number of line accumulations and line damage areas in each fire protection area in each circuit image corresponding to each inspection; Selecting the maximum number of line accumulations from the number of line accumulations in each circuit image corresponding to each fire protection area during each inspection as the number of line accumulations corresponding to each fire protection area during each inspection; Accumulate the line damage areas in each circuit image corresponding to each fire protection area in each inspection to obtain the line damage areas corresponding to each fire protection area in each inspection; At the same time, the number of lines with abnormal insulation, the number of loose lines and the number of lines with abnormal specifications are obtained from the line detection table corresponding to each inspection in each fire protection area; The number of line accumulations, line damaged areas, number of lines with abnormal insulation, number of loose lines and number of lines with abnormal specifications corresponding to each fire protection area in each inspection are used as circuit data.

6. A high-rise building fire risk assessment method according to claim 5, It is characterized in that The specific process of analyzing the electrical conditions of each fire protection area is as follows: Obtain the circuit data threshold of electrical safety corresponding to the fire protection area from the safety control center, recorded as D; record the circuit data of each inspection in each fire protection area as D gx , x represents the number of each inspection, x is a positive integer; at the same time, according to the circuit data of each inspection in each fire zone, the change rate of the circuit data in each fire zone is calculated, which is recorded as k g , g represents the number of each fire protection area, g is a positive integer; D、D gx and k g Input into the electrical assessment model, and output the numerical value of the electrical safety assessment result of each fire protection area, the numerical value of the electrical safety assessment result includes the numerical values ​​of 1, 0 and -1; When the value of the electrical safety assessment result is 1, it indicates that electrical use is safe; when the value of the electrical safety assessment result is 0, it indicates that electrical use is low risk; when the value of the electrical safety assessment result is -1, it indicates that electrical use is high risk.

7. A high-rise building fire risk assessment method according to claim 6, It is characterized in that The expression of the electrical evaluation model is: In the formula, The value representing the electrical safety assessment result of the g-th fire protection zone, φ max and φ min are the upper and lower limits of the preset reference electrical safety assessment coefficient range, and y represents the number of inspections.

8. A high-rise building fire risk assessment method according to claim 1, It is characterized in that The inspection process of fire protection equipment and environment in each fire protection area is as follows: During each inspection, the inspection personnel will inspect each fire-fighting device in each fire protection zone. At the same time, they will maintain the fire-fighting device when it needs maintenance, and record the maintenance status of each fire-fighting device in each fire protection zone in the fire-fighting device inspection form. The maintenance status includes no maintenance required and maintained. At the same time, environmental detection equipment is used to collect environmental data of the corresponding positions of each fire-fighting device in each fire protection zone during each inspection, as the environmental data of each fire protection zone for each inspection.

9. A high-rise building fire risk assessment method according to claim 1, It is characterized in that The specific process of confirming the fire prediction level of each fire protection area is as follows: The maintenance status of each fire-fighting device is obtained from the fire-fighting device inspection list of each inspection in each fire-fighting area, and the maintenance frequency of each fire-fighting device in each fire-fighting area is calculated, which is recorded as f gr , r represents the number of each fire-fighting device, and r is a positive integer; at the same time, the environmental data of the corresponding position of each fire-fighting device in each fire-proof area during each inspection are averaged to obtain the environmental data of the corresponding position of each fire-fighting device in each fire-proof area, which is recorded as H gr , g represents the number of each fire protection area, g is a positive integer; Obtain the optimal environmental data and preset maintenance frequency of each fire-fighting device corresponding to normal operation from the equipment management center, thereby obtaining the optimal environmental data and preset maintenance frequency of each fire-fighting device corresponding to normal operation in each fire protection area, which are recorded as H′ gr and f g ' r ; f gr , H gr , H′ gr and f g ' r Input the fire protection device assessment model, and output the numerical value of the safety assessment result corresponding to the fire protection device in each fire protection area. The numerical value of the safety assessment result includes 1, 0 and -1; When the value of the safety assessment result is 1, it indicates that the environmental impact of the fire-fighting device is small; when the value of the safety assessment result is 0, it indicates that the environmental impact of the fire-fighting device is large; when the value of the safety assessment result is -1, it indicates that the environmental impact of the fire-fighting device is large; The fire prediction level of each fire protection zone is confirmed by using the numerical values ​​of the fire use assessment results of the open flame area in each fire protection zone, the numerical values ​​of the electrical safety assessment results and the numerical values ​​of the safety assessment results corresponding to the fire protection equipment.

10. A high-rise building fire risk assessment method according to claim 9, It is characterized in that The expression of the fire protection device evaluation model is: In the formula, ψ g represents the value of the safety assessment result of the fire protection device in the g-th fire protection zone, ξ max and min are the upper and lower limits of the preset reference fire-fighting device safety assessment coefficient range, and u represents the number of fire-fighting devices.

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