Adaptive lightning level protection device and lightning protection method

Abstract

The present invention discloses an intelligent adaptive lightning level protection device, including a lightning collection circuit, the lightning collection circuit is connected to a processing circuit, the processing circuit is connected to an MCU controller by a wired connection, the MCU controller is respectively connected to a control matrix circuit and a display circuit by a wired connection, and the control matrix circuit is connected to a protection grid unit by a wired connection; and also includes a power supply circuit, the power supply circuit is respectively electrically connected to the lightning collection circuit, the processing circuit, the MCU controller, the control matrix circuit, the protection grid unit and the display circuit. The present invention also discloses a method for lightning protection using the above-mentioned intelligent adaptive lightning level protection device. The intelligent adaptive lightning level protection device provided by the present invention solves the problem that when the energy of the induced lightning after the existing aircraft is directly subjected to lightning during flight is greater than the protection capacity of the protection circuit, the back-end equipment will be damaged.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of lightning protection, and specifically relates to an adaptive lightning level protection device. The present invention also relates to a method for performing lightning protection using the adaptive lightning level protection device. Background Art

[0002] Existing lightning protection devices are mainly used to protect against known quantitative lightning levels, such as lightning level 3 waveform 4 (300V / 60A), level 4 waveform 5A (750V / 750A), level 5 waveform 3 (3200V / 128A) specified in the lightning induced transient sensitivity test in "RTCA / DO-160G Airborne Equipment Environmental Conditions and Test Procedures", as shown in Table 1 below.

[0003] Table 1 Pin injection test level

[0004]

[0005] Before conducting a lightning test, the injected voltage and current parameters are clearly known. The back-end equipment will calculate based on the determined voltage and current, and select a suitable effective protection circuit to protect the back-end equipment to ensure that the equipment can operate stably and reliably under this lightning energy. However, during the actual flight of an aircraft, the indirect lightning caused by direct lightning is unknown. Even if the back-end protection circuit has a certain derating design, there may be a situation where the energy is greater than the protection capability. In this case, there may be poor protection, resulting in damage to the back-end equipment. Summary of the invention

[0006] The purpose of the present invention is to provide an adaptive lightning level protection device to solve the problem that when the energy of the induced lightning after the aircraft is hit by direct lightning during flight is greater than the protection capacity of the protection circuit, the rear-end equipment will be damaged.

[0007] Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for lightning protection using the above-mentioned adaptive lightning level protection device.

[0008] The first technical solution adopted by the present invention is that the adaptive lightning level protection device includes a lightning collection circuit, the lightning collection circuit is connected to a processing circuit through a wired connection, the processing circuit is connected to an MCU controller through a wired connection, the MCU controller is connected to a control matrix circuit and a display circuit through a wired connection respectively, and the control matrix circuit is connected to a protection grid unit through a wired connection;

[0009] It also includes a power supply circuit, which is electrically connected to the lightning collection circuit, the processing circuit, the MCU controller, the control matrix circuit, the protection grid unit and the display circuit.

[0010] The present invention is also characterized in that:

[0011] The processing circuit includes an integral filter circuit, the input end of the integral filter circuit is connected to the output end of the lightning collection circuit by wired means, the output end of the integral filter circuit is connected to the signal conditioning circuit by wired means, the signal conditioning circuit is respectively connected to the comparison circuit and the AD sampling circuit by wired means, the comparison circuit is connected to the MCU controller, and the AD sampling circuit is integrated in the MCU controller.

[0012] The signal conditioning circuit includes a voltage follower circuit and a voltage divider circuit. The input end of the voltage follower circuit is connected to the output end of the integral filter circuit through a wired connection. The output end of the voltage follower circuit is connected to the input end of the voltage divider circuit. The output end of the voltage divider circuit is respectively connected to the input end of the comparison circuit and the AD sampling circuit.

[0013] The integral filter circuit includes two main conductors connecting the output end of the lightning collection circuit and the input end of the signal conditioning circuit, wherein the first main conductor is connected in series from the lightning collection circuit to the signal conditioning circuit in sequence with a resistor R1, an inductor L1, an inductor L2, an inductor L3 and an inductor L4, the output end of the inductor L4 is connected to the input end of the signal conditioning circuit, a diode D4 is further connected to the conductor between the lightning collection circuit and the resistor R1 through a conductor, the output end of the diode D4 is connected to the protective grounding terminal through a conductor, and the resistor R1 is connected in parallel with a resistor R2;

[0014] A resistor R3, a resistor R4, a TVS diode G1, a capacitor C1, a capacitor C2, a capacitor C3, a capacitor C4, a capacitor C5, a capacitor C6, a capacitor C7, a capacitor C8 and a capacitor C9 are sequentially connected in parallel between the lightning collection circuit and the signal conditioning circuit. One end of the resistor R3, the resistor R4, the TVS diode G1, the capacitor C1, the capacitor C2, the capacitor C3, the capacitor C4, the capacitor C5, the capacitor C6, the capacitor C7, the capacitor C8 and the capacitor C9 are all connected to the second main conductor between the lightning collection circuit and the signal conditioning circuit. The other ends of the resistor R3 and the resistor R4 are connected to the wire between the diode D4 and the resistor R1. The TVS diode G1, the capacitor C 1. The other end of capacitor C2 is connected to the wire between resistor R1 and inductor L1, the other end of capacitor C3 is connected to the wire between inductor L1 and inductor L2, the other end of capacitor C5 is connected to the wire between inductor L2 and inductor L3, the other end of capacitor C7 is connected to the wire between inductor L3 and inductor L4, the other end of capacitor C9 is connected to the wire between inductor L4 and the signal conditioning circuit, the other end of capacitor C4 is connected to the wire between capacitor C3 and the first main wire, the other end of capacitor C6 is connected to the wire between capacitor C5 and the first main wire, and the other end of capacitor C8 is connected to the wire between capacitor C7 and the first main wire;

[0015] The second main conductor is located between the resistor R3 and the lightning collection circuit and is also connected to a diode D5 through a wire. The other end of the diode D5 is connected to a protective grounding terminal through a wire.

[0016] The voltage follower circuit includes a comparator U2B, wherein the positive input pin of the comparator U2B is connected to the output end of the integral filter circuit, the positive input pin of the comparator U2B is connected to the protective grounding end, the negative input pin of the comparator U2B is connected to the power supply through a wire, the wire connecting the negative input pin of the comparator U2B to the power supply is also connected to a capacitor C13 through a wire, the other end of the capacitor C13 is connected to the grounding end through a wire, the output pin of the comparator U2B is connected to the negative input pin of the comparator U2B through a wire, and the integral filter circuit is connected to the comparator U2 The wire between the capacitor C12 and the resistor R20 is connected in series in sequence with a resistor R14, a resistor R15, a capacitor C12 and a resistor R20. The wire between the resistor R15 and the capacitor C12 is connected to a resistor R21 through a wire. The other end of the resistor R21 is connected to a resistor R26. The other end of the resistor R26 is connected to the ground through a wire. The wire between the capacitor C12 and the resistor R20 is connected to a resistor R13 and a resistor R24 ​​through wires. The other end of the resistor R13 is connected to a voltage reference. The other end of the resistor R24 ​​is connected to the ground through a wire.

[0017] The voltage divider circuit includes a resistor R16, a resistor R17, a resistor R18, a resistor R19 and a magnetic bead FB3 connected in series in sequence. The resistor R16 is connected to the output pin of the comparator U2B, and the other end of the magnetic bead FB3 is connected to the interface of the AD sampling circuit in the MCU controller. A resistor R12 is connected between the resistor R16 and the resistor R17 through a wire, and the other end of the resistor R12 is connected to the positive input pin of the comparator U1A and the negative input pin of the comparator U1B. The wire between the resistor R18 and the resistor R19 is also connected to a resistor R23, a diode D6, and a capacitor C10 through a wire in sequence, and the other end of the resistor R23 is connected to a resistor R27, and the other end of the resistor R27 is connected to the ground terminal through a wire, and the other end of the diode D6 is connected to the protective ground terminal through a wire, and the other end of the capacitor C10 is connected to the ground terminal through a wire, and the wire between the magnetic bead FB3 and the comparison circuit is also connected to a capacitor C11 through a wire, and the other end of the capacitor C11 is connected to the ground terminal through a wire.

[0018] The comparison circuit includes two paths, wherein the first path includes a comparator U1A, a positive phase input pin of the comparator U1A is connected to the output end of the resistor R12, a negative phase input pin of the comparator U1A is connected in series with a resistor R5 and a resistor R11 in sequence, the other end of the resistor R11 is connected to the ground end through a wire, a resistor R6 and a resistor R8 are connected to the wire between the comparator U1A and the resistor R5 in sequence through a wire, the other end of the resistor R6 is connected to the positive phase input pin of the comparator U1A, the other end of the resistor R8 is connected to a resistor R7, the other end of the resistor R7 is connected to a voltage reference, a capacitor C16 is connected to the wire between the resistor R7 and the voltage reference through a wire, and the other end of the capacitor C16 is connected to the ground end through a wire;

[0019] The positive pin of the comparator U1A is connected to the protective ground terminal through a wire, the negative pin of the comparator U1A is connected to the power supply, the wire connecting the negative pin of the comparator U1A to the power supply is also connected to a capacitor C17 through a wire, the other end of the capacitor C17 is connected to the ground terminal through a wire, the output pin of the comparator U1A is connected in series with a resistor R10 and a magnetic bead FB2 through a wire, the other end of the magnetic bead FB2 is connected to the MCU controller, the wire between the comparator U1A and the resistor R10 is connected to a resistor R9, a diode D1, a diode D2 and a capacitor C19 through a wire, the other end of the resistor R9 is connected to the wire between the capacitor C17 and the comparator U1A, the other ends of the diode D1 and the capacitor C19 are respectively connected to the ground terminal through a wire, the other end of the diode D2 is connected to the protective ground terminal through a wire, the wire between the magnetic bead FB2 and the MCU controller is also connected to a capacitor C18 through a wire, the other end of the capacitor C18 is connected to the ground terminal through a wire;

[0020] The second circuit of the comparison circuit includes a comparator U1B, wherein the negative phase input pin of the comparator U1B is connected to the output end of the resistor R12, the positive phase input pin of the comparator U1B is connected in series with resistors R32 and R31 in sequence, the other end of the resistor R31 is connected to the ground terminal through a wire, the wire between the comparator U1B and the resistor R32 is also connected to resistors R35 and R34 in sequence through wires, the other end of the resistor R35 is connected to the negative phase input pin of the comparator U1B, the other end of the resistor R34 is connected to resistor R36, and the other end of the resistor R36 is connected to a voltage reference;

[0021] The positive side pin and negative side pin of comparator U1B share power supply pins with U1A respectively. The output pin of comparator U1B is connected in series with resistor R30 and magnetic bead FB4 in sequence through wires. The other end of magnetic bead FB4 is connected to the MCU controller. The wire between comparator U1B and resistor R30 is connected with resistor R29, diode D7, diode D8 and capacitor C15 in sequence through wires. The other end of resistor R29 is connected to the power supply. The other ends of diode D7 and capacitor C15 are connected to the ground terminal through wires respectively. The other end of diode D8 is connected to the protective ground terminal through a wire. The wire between magnetic bead FB4 and the MCU controller is also connected with capacitor C14 through a wire. The other end of capacitor C14 is connected to the ground terminal through a wire.

[0022] The lightning collection circuit captures the lightning current signal through the lightning current sensor.

[0023] The second technical solution adopted by the present invention is an adaptive lightning level protection method, which uses the above-mentioned adaptive lightning level protection device, and the specific method is as follows:

[0024] The lightning current sensor in the lightning collection circuit captures the lightning current signal through the collection body system, and performs smooth filtering through the integral filter circuit in the processing circuit. Then, the signal enters the voltage follower circuit and the voltage divider circuit to process the positive and negative polarity signals into signals that can be collected by the AD sampling circuit. At the same time, the comparison circuit triggers the controller to start AD sampling, and realizes AD sampling of the signal after conditioning by the voltage follower circuit and the voltage divider circuit. After that, the lightning current is restored through the algorithm to obtain parameters such as peak current and maximum voltage.

[0025] According to the peak current and maximum voltage, the control system selects the protection network through the electronic switch. The protection grid unit adopts modular design. After calculation, one or more protection networks can be combined to meet the lightning protection requirements.

[0026] After protection, the residual voltage and residual current are displayed on the display.

[0027] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0028] (1) The adaptive lightning level protection device provided by the present invention can automatically match the optimal protection circuit according to the size of the induced lightning current, so as to maximize the protection effect, and there is no need to cause the protection to fail due to the change of the induced lightning current; this device can effectively protect against lightning interference of any energy, regardless of the size of the lightning energy;

[0029] (2) The adaptive lightning level protection device provided by the present invention can provide effective lightning protection under the premise of unknown lightning energy and automatically match the protection circuit; the lightning collection circuit collects lightning energy through a high-speed collection system, effectively decomposes the energy, and converts it into voltage and current parameters. The control system switches the protection circuit grid through an electronic switch, optimizes the matrix protection grid, and seeks the optimal protection circuit that meets this energy level; the protection circuit is started to effectively discharge the lightning interference, and the protection effect is displayed on the display screen. After the lightning circuit is activated, the subsequent equipment is protected from damage by lightning strikes;

[0030] (3) The adaptive lightning level protection device provided by the present invention connects the voltage divider circuit after the voltage follower circuit, first passes through the voltage follower circuit to ensure that the collected voltage signal is relatively accurate, and then divides the voltage to ensure the correctness of the collection. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0031] Figure 1 This is a system connection block diagram of the adaptive lightning level protection device of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 2 It is a circuit diagram of an integral filter circuit in the adaptive lightning level protection device of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 3 A circuit diagram of a signal conditioning circuit in the adaptive lightning level protection device of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 4 It is a circuit diagram of a positive signal comparison circuit in the adaptive lightning level protection device of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 5 The circuit diagram of the negative signal comparison circuit in the adaptive lightning level protection device of the present invention is shown in FIG. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0036] The present invention is described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0037] Adaptive lightning level protection devices, such as Figure 1 As shown, it includes a lightning collection circuit, the lightning collection circuit is connected to a processing circuit through a wired connection, the processing circuit is connected to an MCU controller through a wired connection, the MCU controller is connected to a control matrix circuit and a display circuit through a wired connection respectively, and the control matrix circuit is connected to a protection grid unit through a wired connection;

[0038] It also includes a power supply circuit, which is electrically connected to the lightning collection circuit, processing circuit, MCU controller, control matrix circuit, protection grid unit and display circuit respectively to provide power for the above circuits or modules.

[0039] Among them, the processing circuit includes an integral filter circuit, the input end of the integral filter circuit is connected to the output end of the lightning collection circuit by wired means, the output end of the integral filter circuit is connected to the signal conditioning circuit by wired means, the signal conditioning circuit is respectively connected to the comparison circuit and the AD sampling circuit by wired means, the comparison circuit is connected to the MCU controller, and the AD sampling circuit is integrated in the MCU controller.

[0040] The signal conditioning circuit includes a voltage follower circuit and a voltage divider circuit, the input end of the voltage follower circuit is connected to the output end of the integral filter circuit through a wired connection, the output end of the voltage follower circuit is connected to the input end of the voltage divider circuit, and the output end of the voltage divider circuit is respectively connected to the input end of the comparison circuit and the AD sampling circuit;

[0041] The working principle is as follows: the lightning current sensor captures the lightning current signal through electromagnetic induction, firstly performs smooth filtering through the integral filter circuit, then enters the signal conditioning circuit to process the positive and negative polarity signals into signals that can be collected by the AD sampling circuit, and at the same time triggers the MCU controller through the comparison circuit to start AD sampling, so as to realize AD sampling of the conditioned signal, and then restores the lightning current through the algorithm to obtain the peak current, lightning current polarity, and number of lightning strikes.

[0042] Since the AD sampling circuit inside the MCU controller can only collect positive voltage, the voltage signal output by the integral filter circuit needs to be conditioned by the processing circuit. Figure 2 As shown, the integral filter circuit includes two main conductors connecting the output end of the lightning collection circuit and the input end of the signal conditioning circuit, wherein the first main conductor is connected in series from the lightning collection circuit to the signal conditioning circuit in sequence with a resistor R1, an inductor L1, an inductor L2, an inductor L3 and an inductor L4, the output end of the inductor L4 is connected to the input end of the signal conditioning circuit, a diode D4 is further connected to the conductor between the lightning collection circuit and the resistor R1 through a conductor, the output end of the diode D4 is connected to the protective grounding terminal through a conductor, and the resistor R1 is connected in parallel with a resistor R2;

[0043] A resistor R3, a resistor R4, a TVS diode G1, a capacitor C1, a capacitor C2, a capacitor C3, a capacitor C4, a capacitor C5, a capacitor C6, a capacitor C7, a capacitor C8 and a capacitor C9 are sequentially connected in parallel between the lightning collection circuit and the signal conditioning circuit. One end of the resistor R3, the resistor R4, the TVS diode G1, the capacitor C1, the capacitor C2, the capacitor C3, the capacitor C4, the capacitor C5, the capacitor C6, the capacitor C7, the capacitor C8 and the capacitor C9 are all connected to the second main conductor between the lightning collection circuit and the signal conditioning circuit. The other ends of the resistor R3 and the resistor R4 are connected to the wire between the diode D4 and the resistor R1. The TVS diode G1, the capacitor C 1. The other end of capacitor C2 is connected to the wire between resistor R1 and inductor L1, the other end of capacitor C3 is connected to the wire between inductor L1 and inductor L2, the other end of capacitor C5 is connected to the wire between inductor L2 and inductor L3, the other end of capacitor C7 is connected to the wire between inductor L3 and inductor L4, the other end of capacitor C9 is connected to the wire between inductor L4 and the signal conditioning circuit, the other end of capacitor C4 is connected to the wire between capacitor C3 and the first main wire, the other end of capacitor C6 is connected to the wire between capacitor C5 and the first main wire, and the other end of capacitor C8 is connected to the wire between capacitor C7 and the first main wire;

[0044] The second main conductor is located between the resistor R3 and the lightning collection circuit and is also connected to a diode D5 through a wire. The other end of the diode D5 is connected to a protective grounding terminal through a wire.

[0045] like Figure 3 As shown, the voltage follower circuit includes a comparator U2B, the positive input pin of the comparator U2B is connected to the output end of the integral filter circuit, the positive input pin of the comparator U2B is connected to the protective grounding terminal, the negative input pin of the comparator U2B is connected to the power supply through a wire, the wire connected to the negative input pin of the comparator U2B is also connected to a capacitor C13 through a wire, the other end of the capacitor C13 is connected to the grounding terminal through a wire, the output pin of the comparator U2B is connected to the negative input pin of the comparator U2B through a wire, and the integral filter circuit is connected to the comparator U The wire between 2B is also connected in series with a resistor R14, a resistor R15, a capacitor C12 and a resistor R20 in sequence. The wire between the resistor R15 and the capacitor C12 is also connected with a resistor R21 through a wire. The other end of the resistor R21 is connected with a resistor R26. The other end of the resistor R26 is connected to the ground through a wire. The wire between the capacitor C12 and the resistor R20 is also connected with a resistor R13 and a resistor R24 ​​in sequence through wires. The other end of the resistor R13 is connected to a voltage reference. The other end of the resistor R24 ​​is connected to the ground through a wire.

[0046] The voltage divider circuit includes a resistor R16, a resistor R17, a resistor R18, a resistor R19 and a magnetic bead FB3 connected in series in sequence. The resistor R16 is connected to the output pin of the comparator U2B, and the other end of the magnetic bead FB3 is connected to the interface of the AD sampling circuit in the MCU controller. A resistor R12 is connected between the resistor R16 and the resistor R17 through a wire, and the other end of the resistor R12 is connected to the positive input pin of the comparator U1A and the negative input pin of the comparator U1B. The wire between the resistor R18 and the resistor R19 is also connected to a resistor R23, a diode D6, and a capacitor C10 through a wire in sequence, and the other end of the resistor R23 is connected to a resistor R27, and the other end of the resistor R27 is connected to the ground terminal through a wire, and the other end of the diode D6 is connected to the protective ground terminal through a wire, and the other end of the capacitor C10 is connected to the ground terminal through a wire, and the wire between the magnetic bead FB3 and the comparison circuit is also connected to a capacitor C11 through a wire, and the other end of the capacitor C11 is connected to the ground terminal through a wire.

[0047] The function of the comparison circuit is that when a lightning current signal arrives, the comparison circuit outputs a rising edge, which triggers an interrupt to the MCU controller and is used to start AD sampling.

[0048] like Figure 4-5 As shown, the comparison circuit includes two positive and negative signal paths, wherein the first circuit includes a comparator U1A, the positive phase input pin of the comparator U1A is connected to the output end of the resistor R12, the negative phase input pin of the comparator U1A is sequentially connected in series with resistors R5 and R11, the other end of the resistor R11 is connected to the ground terminal through a wire, the wire between the comparator U1A and the resistor R5 is also sequentially connected with resistors R6 and R8 through wires, the other end of the resistor R6 is connected to the positive phase input pin of the comparator U1A, the other end of the resistor R8 is connected to resistor R7, the other end of the resistor R7 is connected to a voltage reference, the wire between the resistor R7 and the voltage reference is also connected with a capacitor C16 through a wire, and the other end of the capacitor C16 is connected to the ground terminal through a wire;

[0049] The positive pin of the comparator U1A is connected to the protective ground terminal through a wire, the negative pin of the comparator U1A is connected to the power supply, the wire connecting the negative pin of the comparator U1A to the power supply is also connected to a capacitor C17 through a wire, the other end of the capacitor C17 is connected to the ground terminal through a wire, the output pin of the comparator U1A is connected in series with a resistor R10 and a magnetic bead FB2 through a wire, the other end of the magnetic bead FB2 is connected to the MCU controller, the wire between the comparator U1A and the resistor R10 is connected to a resistor R9, a diode D1, a diode D2 and a capacitor C19 through a wire, the other end of the resistor R9 is connected to the wire between the capacitor C17 and the comparator U1A, the other ends of the diode D1 and the capacitor C19 are respectively connected to the ground terminal through a wire, the other end of the diode D2 is connected to the protective ground terminal through a wire, the wire between the magnetic bead FB2 and the MCU controller is also connected to a capacitor C18 through a wire, the other end of the capacitor C18 is connected to the ground terminal through a wire;

[0050] The second circuit of the comparison circuit includes a comparator U1B, wherein the negative phase input pin of the comparator U1B is connected to the output end of the resistor R12, the positive phase input pin of the comparator U1B is connected in series with resistors R32 and R31 in sequence, the other end of the resistor R31 is connected to the ground terminal through a wire, the wire between the comparator U1B and the resistor R32 is also connected to resistors R35 and R34 in sequence through wires, the other end of the resistor R35 is connected to the negative phase input pin of the comparator U1B, the other end of the resistor R34 is connected to resistor R36, and the other end of the resistor R36 is connected to a voltage reference;

[0051] The positive side pin and negative side pin of comparator U1B share power supply pins with U1A respectively. The output pin of comparator U1B is connected in series with resistor R30 and magnetic bead FB4 in sequence through wires. The other end of magnetic bead FB4 is connected to the MCU controller. The wire between comparator U1B and resistor R30 is connected with resistor R29, diode D7, diode D8 and capacitor C15 in sequence through wires. The other end of resistor R29 is connected to the power supply. The other ends of diode D7 and capacitor C15 are connected to the ground terminal through wires respectively. The other end of diode D8 is connected to the protective ground terminal through a wire. The wire between magnetic bead FB4 and the MCU controller is also connected with capacitor C14 through a wire. The other end of capacitor C14 is connected to the ground terminal through a wire.

[0052] Among them, the lightning collection circuit captures the lightning current signal through the lightning current sensor, and the lightning current sensor obtains the voltage signal through electromagnetic induction. The polarity of the induced voltage is determined by the flow direction of the current on the lightning current discharge channel and the installation direction of the lightning current sensor.

[0053] The adaptive lightning level protection method uses the above-mentioned adaptive lightning level protection device, and the specific method is as follows:

[0054] The lightning current sensor in the lightning collection circuit captures the lightning current signal through the collection body system, and performs smooth filtering through the integral filter circuit in the processing circuit. Then, the signal enters the voltage follower circuit and the voltage divider circuit to process the positive and negative polarity signals into signals that can be collected by the AD sampling circuit. At the same time, the comparison circuit triggers the controller to start AD sampling, and realizes AD sampling of the signal after conditioning by the voltage follower circuit and the voltage divider circuit. After that, the lightning current is restored through the algorithm to obtain parameters such as peak current and maximum voltage.

[0055] According to the peak current and maximum voltage, the control system selects the protection network through the electronic switch. The protection grid unit adopts modular design. After calculation, one or more protection networks can be combined to meet the lightning protection requirements.

[0056] After protection, the residual voltage and residual current are displayed on the monitor, so the protection effect can be seen more intuitively.

[0057] The adaptive lightning level protection device of the present invention provides a device that can instantly collect transient induced lightning energy, convert lightning energy into parameters such as current and voltage, and quickly and automatically match the corresponding effective protection circuit from the protection circuit matrix grid unit, and realize the adaptive lightning level protection function by combining one-level or even multi-level protection unit grids. This device can realize the front-end instantaneous collection of lightning waveforms, voltages, currents and other parameters, and automatically adapt the protection circuit according to the collected data to achieve the best protection effect. It is mainly used to solve the application protection scenarios with uncertain induced lightning energy. This device has the functions of lightning energy collection, parameter display, automatic adaptation of protection circuit, protection grid optimization, protection effect display, data storage, wireless transmission, etc.

[0058] Example 1

[0059] In this embodiment, the MCU controller uses stm32f407. STM32f407 has many peripherals, rich resources, a main frequency speed of up to 168M, and a sufficient response speed. It is very suitable for application in lightning current monitoring systems. It has 192KB of SRAM and 1024KB of FLASH, which are sufficient to meet the variable requirements and code space requirements in embedded software; 12 16-bit timers and 2 32-bit timers are sufficient to meet multiple timing requirements; 2 DMA controllers (a total of 16 channels) improve the read and write speed in peripheral registers; 6 serial ports are sufficient to meet debugging and data interaction with communication modules; 2 SPIs are used to read and write flash memories; 3 12-bit ADCs are just used for the collection and conversion of three-way lightning signals; 1 RTC (with calendar function) realizes clock recording; 1 SDIO interface is used to read and write lightning data; 112 general IO ports are used to control and monitor other circuits, etc.

[0060] Since the internal AD sampling of stm32 can only collect positive voltage, the voltage signal output by the integral filter circuit needs to be conditioned by the processing circuit.

[0061] like Figure 3 As shown, first, a 2.5V DC bias voltage is applied to the right end of the coupling capacitor (i.e., capacitor C12) to raise the reference potential of the signal to 2.5V. At this time, it can be understood that the reference of the positive and negative voltage signals is raised from 0V to 2.5V, so the negative polarity signal is converted into a positive polarity signal. The voltage range of the negative polarity signal is 2.5~0V, and the voltage range of the positive polarity signal is 2.5~5V, and then it is buffered by the voltage follower circuit.

[0062] The voltage follower circuit later reduces the signal amplitude to 0~3.2V through voltage division, and at the same time the signal reference voltage is reduced to 1.6V. The voltage range of the negative polarity signal is 0~1.6V, and the voltage range of the positive polarity signal is 1.6~3.2V, and then it is input into AD for acquisition and conversion.

[0063] like Figures 4 and 5 As shown, the output signal of the op amp is simultaneously connected to the comparison circuit. The comparator is divided into two paths. The reference voltage of the first comparator is set to be greater than 2.5V, such as 2.520V. When there is no signal, the comparator outputs a low level. When a positive signal greater than 20mV arrives, the comparator output can be high. Similarly, the reference voltage of the second comparator is set to be less than 2.5V, such as 2.480V. When there is no signal, the comparator outputs a low level. When a negative signal greater than 20mV arrives, the comparator output can be high. When a signal exceeding a certain amplitude arrives, the comparator outputs a rising edge, which can trigger the MCU controller to start AD sampling.

[0064] The AD sampling circuit uses the internal ad converter of the stm32f407. There are three 12-bit ADCs inside the stm32f407. The operating frequency of the ADC can reach up to 36M. By using its own triple rule synchronization function, three ADs can be collected simultaneously, and the sampling rate is measured to be about 1MSPS, that is, the signals of three lightning current sensors can be collected simultaneously.

[0065] All resistors use 0.01% resistors, and the power supplies and voltage divider power supplies for the op amp and comparator all use precision power supplies.

[0066] Example 2

[0067] Adaptive lightning level protection devices, such as Figure 1As shown, it includes a lightning collection circuit, the lightning collection circuit is connected to a processing circuit through a wired connection, the processing circuit is connected to an MCU controller through a wired connection, the MCU controller is connected to a control matrix circuit and a display circuit through a wired connection respectively, and the control matrix circuit is connected to a protection grid unit through a wired connection;

[0068] It also includes a power supply circuit, which is electrically connected to the lightning collection circuit, the processing circuit, the MCU controller, the control matrix circuit, the protection grid unit and the display circuit.

[0069] Among them, the processing circuit includes an integral filter circuit, the input end of the integral filter circuit is connected to the output end of the lightning collection circuit by wired means, the output end of the integral filter circuit is connected to the signal conditioning circuit by wired means, the signal conditioning circuit is respectively connected to the comparison circuit and the AD sampling circuit by wired means, the comparison circuit is connected to the MCU controller, and the AD sampling circuit is integrated in the MCU controller.

[0070] The signal conditioning circuit includes a voltage follower circuit and a voltage divider circuit, the input end of the voltage follower circuit is connected to the output end of the integral filter circuit through a wired connection, the output end of the voltage follower circuit is connected to the input end of the voltage divider circuit, and the output end of the voltage divider circuit is respectively connected to the input end of the comparison circuit and the AD sampling circuit;

[0071] The working principle is as follows: the lightning current sensor captures the lightning current signal through electromagnetic induction, firstly performs smooth filtering through the integral filter circuit, and then enters the signal conditioning circuit to process the positive and negative polarity signals into signals that can be collected by AD. At the same time, the MCU controller is triggered by the comparison circuit to start AD sampling, so as to realize AD sampling of the conditioned signal, and then the lightning current is restored through the algorithm to obtain the peak current, lightning current polarity, and number of lightning strikes.

[0072] Example 3

[0073] The adaptive lightning level protection method uses the above-mentioned adaptive lightning level protection device, and the specific method is as follows:

[0074] The lightning current sensor in the lightning collection circuit captures the lightning current signal through the collection body system, and performs smooth filtering through the integral filter circuit in the processing circuit. Then, the signal enters the voltage follower circuit and the voltage divider circuit to process the positive and negative polarity signals into signals that can be collected by the AD sampling circuit. At the same time, the comparison circuit triggers the controller to start AD sampling, and realizes AD sampling of the signal after conditioning by the voltage follower circuit and the voltage divider circuit. After that, the lightning current is restored through the algorithm to obtain parameters such as peak current and maximum voltage.

[0075] According to the peak current and maximum voltage, the control system selects the protection network through the electronic switch. The protection grid unit adopts modular design. After calculation, one or more protection networks can be combined to meet the lightning protection requirements.

[0076] After protection, the residual voltage and residual current are displayed on the monitor, so the protection effect can be seen more intuitively.

Claims

1. Adaptive lightning level protection device, characterized in that: It includes a lightning collection circuit, the lightning collection circuit is connected to a processing circuit by a wired connection, the processing circuit is connected to an MCU controller by a wired connection, the MCU controller is connected to a control matrix circuit and a display circuit by wired connections respectively, and the control matrix circuit is connected to a protection grid unit by a wired connection; It also includes a power supply circuit, which is electrically connected to the lightning collection circuit, the processing circuit, the MCU controller, the control matrix circuit, the protection grid unit and the display circuit respectively; The processing circuit includes an integral filter circuit, the input end of the integral filter circuit is connected to the output end of the lightning collection circuit by wired means, the output end of the integral filter circuit is connected to a signal conditioning circuit by wired means, the signal conditioning circuit is respectively connected to a comparison circuit and an AD sampling circuit by wired means, the comparison circuit is connected to an MCU controller, and the AD sampling circuit is integrated in the MCU controller; The signal conditioning circuit includes a voltage follower circuit and a voltage divider circuit, wherein the input end of the voltage follower circuit is connected to the output end of the integral filter circuit by a wired connection, the output end of the voltage follower circuit is connected to the input end of the voltage divider circuit, and the output end of the voltage divider circuit is respectively connected to the input end of the comparison circuit and the AD sampling circuit; The comparison circuit includes two paths, wherein the first path includes a comparator U1A, the positive phase input pin of the comparator U1A is connected to the output end of the voltage divider circuit, the negative phase input pin of the comparator U1A is connected in series with a resistor R5 and a resistor R11 in sequence, the other end of the resistor R11 is connected to the ground end through a wire, the wire between the comparator U1A and the resistor R5 is also connected to resistors R6 and R8 in sequence through wires, the other end of the resistor R6 is connected to the positive phase input pin of the comparator U1A, the other end of the resistor R8 is connected to a resistor R7, the other end of the resistor R7 is connected to a voltage reference, the wire between the resistor R7 and the voltage reference is also connected to a capacitor C16 through a wire, and the other end of the capacitor C16 is connected to the ground end through a wire; The positive pin of the comparator U1A is connected to the protective ground terminal through a wire, the negative pin of the comparator U1A is connected to the power supply, the wire connecting the negative pin of the comparator U1A to the power supply is also connected to a capacitor C17 through a wire, the other end of the capacitor C17 is connected to the ground terminal through a wire, the output pin of the comparator U1A is connected in series with a resistor R10 and a magnetic bead FB2 through a wire, the other end of the magnetic bead FB2 is connected to the MCU controller, the wire between the comparator U1A and the resistor R10 is connected to a resistor R9, a diode D1, a diode D2 and a capacitor C19 through a wire, the other end of the resistor R9 is connected to the wire between the capacitor C17 and the comparator U1A, the other ends of the diode D1 and the capacitor C19 are respectively connected to the ground terminal through a wire, the other end of the diode D2 is connected to the protective ground terminal through a wire, the wire between the magnetic bead FB2 and the MCU controller is also connected to a capacitor C18 through a wire, the other end of the capacitor C18 is connected to the ground terminal through a wire; The second circuit of the comparison circuit includes a comparator U1B, wherein the negative phase input pin of the comparator U1B is connected to the output end of the voltage divider circuit, the positive phase input pin of the comparator U1B is connected in series with a resistor R32 and a resistor R31 in sequence, the other end of the resistor R31 is connected to the ground end through a wire, the wire between the comparator U1B and the resistor R32 is also connected to a resistor R35 and a resistor R34 in sequence through a wire, the other end of the resistor R35 is connected to the negative phase input pin of the comparator U1B, the other end of the resistor R34 is connected to a resistor R36, and the other end of the resistor R36 is connected to a voltage reference; The positive side pin and negative side pin of the comparator U1B share the power supply pin with U1A respectively; the output pin of the comparator U1B is connected in series with a resistor R30 and a magnetic bead FB4 in sequence through a wire; the other end of the magnetic bead FB4 is connected to the MCU controller; the wire between the comparator U1B and the resistor R30 is connected with a resistor R29, a diode D7, a diode D8 and a capacitor C15 in sequence through a wire; the other end of the resistor R29 is connected to the power supply; the other ends of the diode D7 and the capacitor C15 are connected to the ground terminal through a wire respectively; the other end of the diode D8 is connected to the protective ground terminal through a wire; the wire between the magnetic bead FB4 and the MCU controller is also connected with a capacitor C14 through a wire; the other end of the capacitor C14 is connected to the ground terminal through a wire.

2. The adaptive lightning level protection device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The integral filter circuit includes two main conductors connecting the output end of the lightning collection circuit and the input end of the signal conditioning circuit, wherein the first main conductor is connected in series from the lightning collection circuit to the signal conditioning circuit in sequence with a resistor R1, an inductor L1, an inductor L2, an inductor L3 and an inductor L4, the output end of the inductor L4 is connected to the input end of the signal conditioning circuit, the conductor between the lightning collection circuit and the resistor R1 is also connected to a diode D4 through a conductor, the output end of the diode D4 is connected to a protective grounding terminal through a conductor, and the resistor R1 is connected in parallel with a resistor R2; A resistor R3, a resistor R4, a TVS diode G1, a capacitor C1, a capacitor C2, a capacitor C3, a capacitor C4, a capacitor C5, a capacitor C6, a capacitor C7, a capacitor C8 and a capacitor C9 are sequentially connected in parallel between the lightning collection circuit and the signal conditioning circuit. One end of the resistor R3, the resistor R4, the TVS diode G1, the capacitor C1, the capacitor C2, the capacitor C3, the capacitor C4, the capacitor C5, the capacitor C6, the capacitor C7, the capacitor C8 and the capacitor C9 are all connected to the second main conductor between the lightning collection circuit and the signal conditioning circuit, and the other ends of the resistor R3 and the resistor R4 are connected to the wire between the diode D4 and the resistor R1. The other end of capacitor C2 is respectively connected to the wire between resistor R1 and inductor L1, the other end of capacitor C3 is connected to the wire between inductor L1 and inductor L2, the other end of capacitor C5 is connected to the wire between inductor L2 and inductor L3, the other end of capacitor C7 is connected to the wire between inductor L3 and inductor L4, the other end of capacitor C9 is connected to the wire between inductor L4 and the signal conditioning circuit, the other end of capacitor C4 is connected to the wire between capacitor C3 and the first main wire, the other end of capacitor C6 is connected to the wire between capacitor C5 and the first main wire, and the other end of capacitor C8 is connected to the wire between capacitor C7 and the first main wire; The second main conductor is located between the resistor R3 and the lightning collection circuit and is also connected to a diode D5 through a wire, and the other end of the diode D5 is connected to a protective grounding terminal through a wire.

3. The adaptive lightning level protection device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The voltage follower circuit includes a comparator U2B, wherein the positive input pin of the comparator U2B is connected to the output end of the integral filter circuit, the positive input pin of the comparator U2B is connected to the protective grounding end, the negative input pin of the comparator U2B is connected to the power supply through a wire, the wire connecting the negative input pin of the comparator U2B to the power supply is also connected to a capacitor C13 through a wire, the other end of the capacitor C13 is connected to the grounding end through a wire, the output pin of the comparator U2B is connected to the negative input pin of the comparator U2B through a wire, and the integral filter circuit is connected to the comparator The wire between U2B is also connected in series with a resistor R14, a resistor R15, a capacitor C12 and a resistor R20 in sequence. The wire between the resistor R15 and the capacitor C12 is also connected to a resistor R21 through a wire. The other end of the resistor R21 is connected to a resistor R26. The other end of the resistor R26 is connected to the ground through a wire. The wire between the capacitor C12 and the resistor R20 is also connected to a resistor R13 and a resistor R24 ​​in sequence through wires. The other end of the resistor R13 is connected to a voltage reference. The other end of the resistor R24 ​​is connected to the ground through a wire. The voltage divider circuit includes a resistor R16, a resistor R17, a resistor R18, a resistor R19 and a magnetic bead FB3 connected in series in sequence, the resistor R16 is connected to the output pin of the comparator U2B, the other end of the magnetic bead FB3 is connected to the adoption interface of the AD sampling circuit in the MCU controller, a resistor R12 is connected between the resistor R16 and the resistor R17 through a wire, the other end of the resistor R12 is connected to the comparison circuit, the wire between the resistor R18 and the resistor R19 is also connected to a resistor R23, a diode D6, and a capacitor C10 through a wire in sequence, the other end of the resistor R23 is connected to a resistor R27, the other end of the resistor R27 is connected to the ground terminal through a wire, the other end of the diode D6 is connected to the protective ground terminal through a wire, the other end of the capacitor C10 is connected to the ground terminal through a wire, the wire between the magnetic bead FB3 and the comparison circuit is also connected to a capacitor C11 through a wire, and the other end of the capacitor C11 is connected to the ground terminal through a wire.

4. The adaptive lightning level protection device according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The comparator U1A positive input pin is connected to the output end of the resistor R12 in the voltage divider circuit; The negative phase input pin of the comparator U1B is connected to the output end of the resistor R12 in the voltage divider circuit.

5. The adaptive lightning level protection device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The lightning collection circuit captures lightning current signals through a lightning current sensor.

6. The adaptive lightning level protection method is characterized by: Using the adaptive lightning level protection device described in any one of claims 1 to 5, the specific method is as follows: The lightning current sensor in the lightning collection circuit captures the lightning current signal through the collection body system, and performs smooth filtering through the integral filter circuit in the processing circuit. Then, the signal enters the voltage follower circuit and the voltage divider circuit to process the positive and negative polarity signals into signals that can be collected by the AD sampling circuit. At the same time, the comparison circuit triggers the controller to start AD sampling, and realizes AD sampling of the signal after conditioning by the voltage follower circuit and the voltage divider circuit. After that, the lightning current is restored through the algorithm to obtain parameters such as peak current and maximum voltage. According to the peak current and maximum voltage, the control system selects the protection network through the electronic switch. The protection grid unit adopts modular design. After calculation, one or more protection networks can be combined to meet the lightning protection requirements. After protection, the residual voltage and residual current are displayed on the display.

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