Breeding method suitable for milk goats in northern Guizhou mountainous area

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of milk goat breeding. The invention provides a breeding method suitable for milk goats in a northern Qianbei mountainous area, which comprises the following steps: (1) separately breeding rams and ewes, and carrying out adaptive breeding before mating; (2) combining the rams and the ewes after the adaptive feeding is finished; (3) separating the rams from the ewes after mating; (4) feeding the ewes with conventional nutrient feed in the early pregnancy period, and feeding the ewes with high nutrient feed in the later pregnancy period and the milk production period. The method is suitable for the northern Qianbei mountainous area, and when the milk goats are bred through the method, the milk yield of the milk goats is high, and the milk production period is long. Milk goat resources are effectively developed, and the variety of milk products is expanded.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of dairy goat breeding, and in particular to a breeding method suitable for dairy goats in the mountainous areas of northern Guizhou. Background Art

[0002] Dairy goats are the earliest domesticated dairy animal breeds, and are found on all continents of the world. They like dry conditions and are suitable for living in dry and cool areas. They are active and like to climb high places. They can eat all kinds of forage grass, shrub branches and leaves, crop straw, agricultural and sideline products, fruits and vegetables, and food processing waste.

[0003] Dairy goats are mainly used for milk production. They have stable milk production performance, high milk production, excellent milk quality, high nutritional value, small fat globules, casein structure similar to human milk, low acidity, and are easier for the human body to absorb than cow's milk. They are a good nutritional product for infants, the elderly, and patients, a health food for special types of workers and soldiers, and suitable for human use. Dairy goats have a low demand for concentrated feed, a wide range of feed sources, a high reproduction rate, strong adaptability, and are easy to raise. Therefore, developing dairy goat resources and expanding the variety of dairy products have excellent economic value. Summary of the invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a breeding method suitable for dairy goats in the mountainous areas of northern Guizhou, to develop dairy goat resources and to expand the variety of dairy products.

[0005] In order to achieve the above-mentioned object of the invention, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0006] The present invention provides a breeding method suitable for dairy goats in the mountainous area of ​​northern Guizhou, comprising the following steps:

[0007] (1) Raise rams and ewes separately for adaptation before mating;

[0008] (2) After the adaptation period is complete, the rams and ewes are grouped together;

[0009] (3) Separate the ram and the ewes after mating;

[0010] (4) Ewes should be fed with conventional nutrient feed in the early stages of pregnancy and high-nutrient feed in the late stages of pregnancy and during the lactation period.

[0011] Preferably, the breed of the dairy goat is Saanen dairy goat or Guanzhong dairy goat.

[0012] Preferably, the ages of the ram and the ewe in step (1) are independently 2 to 7 years old.

[0013] Preferably, the adaptation period in step (1) is 20 to 45 days, and the adaptation period starts from mid-April to early May.

[0014] Preferably, the ratio of rams to ewes in the group in step (2) is 1:10-25, the temperature of the group after the group is 12-22°C, the light exposure time is 9-11 hours per day, and the activity area of ​​each sheep after the group is 3-5m 2 .

[0015] Preferably, the breeding in step (3) is carried out by natural breeding or artificial insemination;

[0016] The method of natural breeding is: moving the ewes that have been bred to other sheep houses until all the ewes have been bred;

[0017] The method of artificial insemination is: after the ram is grouped, the ram's reproductive organs are tied up, the ram is moved to another sheep house for semen collection after the ram is in estrus, and artificial insemination is performed within 6 hours after semen collection.

[0018] Preferably, the temperature of the ewes after mating in step (3) is 15-25°C, the light exposure time is 10-14 hours per day, and the activity area of ​​each sheep is 6-8m 2 .

[0019] Preferably, the early pregnancy period in step (4) is 80 to 100 days after pregnancy;

[0020] The conventional nutrient feed comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 25-35 parts of corn, 15-25 parts of soybean meal, 15-25 parts of wheat bran, 1-3 parts of bone meal, 10-20 parts of peanut vines, 1-3 parts of salt, 3-5 parts of whole honeysuckle plant, 3-5 parts of whole houttuynia cordata plant, and 2-4 parts of premix.

[0021] Preferably, the late pregnancy in step (4) is from 80 to 100 days of pregnancy to the time of delivery, and the high-nutrient feed includes the following raw materials in parts by weight: 30 to 40 parts of corn, 10 to 20 parts of soybean meal, 5 to 15 parts of wheat bran, 1 to 3 parts of bone meal, 5 to 15 parts of peanut seedlings, 1 to 3 parts of salt, 20 to 26 parts of alfalfa, and 2 to 4 parts of premix.

[0022] Preferably, the premix comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 1-3 parts of copper sulfate pentahydrate, 5-7 parts of ferrous sulfate monohydrate, 5-7 parts of zinc sulfate monohydrate, 0.3-0.8 parts of cobalt chloride, 1-3 parts of sodium selenite, 0.5-0.7 parts of vitamin A, 0.1-0.5 parts of vitamin D3, 0.5-0.9 parts of vitamin E, 1-3 parts of niacin, and 60-80 parts of zeolite.

[0023] The present invention provides a breeding method suitable for dairy goats in the mountainous area of ​​northern Guizhou, comprising the following steps: (1) breeding rams and ewes separately, and performing adaptation feeding before mating; (2) grouping rams and ewes after the adaptation feeding; (3) separating rams and ewes after mating; (4) feeding conventional nutrient feeds in the early pregnancy period of ewes, and feeding high-nutrient feeds in the late pregnancy period and during the milk production period. The method of the present invention is suitable for the mountainous area of ​​northern Guizhou. When the method is used for breeding, the milk production of dairy goats is high and the milk production period is long. The dairy goat resources are effectively developed and the varieties of dairy products are expanded. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0024] The present invention provides a breeding method suitable for dairy goats in the mountainous area of ​​northern Guizhou, comprising the following steps:

[0025] (1) Raise rams and ewes separately for adaptation before mating;

[0026] (2) After the adaptation period is complete, the rams and ewes are grouped together;

[0027] (3) Separate the ram and the ewes after mating;

[0028] (4) Ewes should be fed with conventional nutrient feed in the early stages of pregnancy and high-nutrient feed in the late stages of pregnancy and during the lactation period.

[0029] In the present invention, the breed of the dairy goat is preferably Saanen dairy goat or Guanzhong dairy goat.

[0030] In the present invention, the ages of the ram and the ewe in step (1) are independently preferably 2 to 7 years old, and more preferably 3 to 4 years old.

[0031] In the present invention, the period of adaptation and rearing in step (1) is preferably 20 to 45 days, more preferably 30 to 35 days, and the time for starting the adaptation and rearing is preferably mid-April to early May, more preferably late April.

[0032] In the present invention, the ratio of rams to ewes in the grouping in step (2) is preferably 1:10-25, more preferably 1:15-20, the temperature of the feeding after the grouping is preferably 12-22°C, more preferably 16-20°C, the daily light exposure time is preferably 9-11 hours, more preferably 10 hours, and the activity area of ​​each sheep after the grouping is preferably 3-5m 2 , more preferably 4m 2 .

[0033] In the present invention, the breeding in step (3) is preferably carried out by natural breeding or artificial insemination;

[0034] The method of natural mating is preferably: moving the ewes that have been bred to other sheep houses until all the ewes have been bred;

[0035] The method of artificial insemination is preferably: after grouping, the ram's genitals are tied up, the ram is moved to another sheep house for semen collection after estrus, and artificial insemination is performed within 6 hours after semen collection.

[0036] In the present invention, the temperature of the ewes after mating in step (3) is preferably 15-25°C, more preferably 18-22°C, the daily light exposure time is preferably 10-14 hours, more preferably 12 hours, and the activity area of ​​each sheep is preferably 6-8m 2 , and more preferably 7m 2 .

[0037] In the present invention, the early pregnancy period in step (4) is preferably 80 to 100 days after pregnancy, and more preferably 90 days;

[0038] The conventional nutrient feed preferably includes the following raw materials in parts by weight: 25-35 parts of corn, 15-25 parts of soybean meal, 15-25 parts of wheat bran, 1-3 parts of bone meal, 10-20 parts of peanut vines, 1-3 parts of salt, 3-5 parts of whole honeysuckle plant, 3-5 parts of whole houttuynia cordata plant, and 2-4 parts of premix, and further preferably: 30 parts of corn, 20 parts of soybean meal, 20 parts of wheat bran, 2 parts of bone meal, 15 parts of peanut vines, 2 parts of salt, 4 parts of whole honeysuckle plant, 4 parts of whole houttuynia cordata plant, and 3 parts of premix.

[0039] In the present invention, the late pregnancy described in step (4) is preferably from 80 to 100 days of pregnancy to the time of delivery, and is more preferably 90 days. The high-nutrient feed preferably includes the following raw materials in parts by weight: 30 to 40 parts of corn, 10 to 20 parts of soybean meal, 5 to 15 parts of wheat bran, 1 to 3 parts of bone meal, 5 to 15 parts of peanut vines, 1 to 3 parts of salt, 20 to 26 parts of alfalfa, and 2 to 4 parts of premix, and is more preferably: 35 parts of corn, 15 parts of soybean meal, 10 parts of wheat bran, 2 parts of bone meal, 10 parts of peanut vines, 2 parts of salt, 23 parts of alfalfa, and 3 parts of premix.

[0040] In the present invention, the premix preferably includes the following raw materials in parts by weight: 1-3 parts of copper sulfate pentahydrate, 5-7 parts of ferrous sulfate monohydrate, 5-7 parts of zinc sulfate monohydrate, 0.3-0.8 parts of cobalt chloride, 1-3 parts of sodium selenite, 0.5-0.7 parts of vitamin A, 0.1-0.5 parts of vitamin D3, 0.5-0.9 parts of vitamin E, 1-3 parts of nicotinic acid, and 60-80 parts of zeolite, and further preferably: 2 parts of copper sulfate pentahydrate, 6 parts of ferrous sulfate monohydrate, 6 parts of zinc sulfate monohydrate, 0.5 parts of cobalt chloride, 2 parts of sodium selenite, 0.6 parts of vitamin A, 0.3 parts of vitamin D3, 0.7 parts of vitamin E, 2 parts of nicotinic acid, and 70 parts of zeolite.

[0041] The technical solutions provided by the present invention are described in detail below in conjunction with the embodiments, but they should not be construed as limiting the protection scope of the present invention.

[0042] Example 1

[0043] A breeding method suitable for dairy goats in the mountainous area of ​​northern Guizhou, comprising the following steps:

[0044] (1) On April 13, 2023, in Tuxi Town, Fenggang County, Zunyi City, 10 2-year-old Saanen dairy goats and 250 ewes were selected. The rams and ewes were raised separately for 45 days for adaptation before breeding;

[0045] (2) After the acclimatization period, the rams’ genitals were tied up, and then the rams and ewes were grouped together. The temperature in the sheep house was maintained at 12-22°C (artificial cooling was performed when the daytime temperature exceeded 22°C, and heating was performed when the night temperature was below 12°C). The light was on for 11 hours a day, and after grouping, the activity area of ​​each sheep was ensured to be 3m 2 ;

[0046] (3) After the ram is in estrus, it is moved to another sheep house for semen collection. Artificial insemination is completed 6 hours after semen collection. In the sheep house after fertilization, the temperature in the sheep house is maintained at 15-25℃ (artificial intervention is performed to cool down when the temperature exceeds 25℃ during the day, and heating is performed when the temperature is below 15℃ at night). The light is on for 14 hours a day. After grouping, the activity area of ​​each sheep is guaranteed to be 6m 2 ;

[0047] (4) preparing a conventional nutrient feed by mixing 25 parts of corn, 25 parts of soybean meal, 15 parts of wheat bran, 1 part of bone meal, 20 parts of peanut vines, 1 part of salt, 5 parts of whole honeysuckle plant, 5 parts of whole Houttuynia cordata plant, and 4 parts of premix in a mass ratio;

[0048] Prepare a high-nutrient feed by mixing 40 parts of corn, 10 parts of soybean meal, 15 parts of wheat bran, 1 part of bone meal, 5 parts of peanut vines, 3 parts of salt, 26 parts of alfalfa and 2 parts of premix in a mass ratio;

[0049] (5) Ewes are fed with conventional nutrient feed during the first 80 days of pregnancy and high-nutrient feed during the late pregnancy and lactation period.

[0050] Note: The premix used in this example is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 3 parts of copper sulfate pentahydrate, 5 parts of ferrous sulfate monohydrate, 7 parts of zinc sulfate monohydrate, 0.3 parts of cobalt chloride, 3 parts of sodium selenite, 0.5 parts of vitamin A, 0.5 parts of vitamin D3, 0.5 parts of vitamin E, 3 parts of niacin, and 60 parts of zeolite.

[0051] Example 2

[0052] A breeding method suitable for dairy goats in the mountainous area of ​​northern Guizhou, comprising the following steps:

[0053] (1) On May 8, 2023, in Fengshui Town, Tongzi County, Zunyi City, 10 7-year-old Guanzhong dairy goats and 100 ewes were selected. The rams and ewes were raised separately for 20 days for adaptation before breeding;

[0054] (2) After the acclimatization period, the rams and ewes are grouped together and the temperature in the sheep house is maintained at 12-22°C (artificial cooling is performed when the daytime temperature exceeds 22°C, and heating is performed when the night temperature is below 12°C). The light is on for 9 hours a day. After grouping, the activity area of ​​each sheep is guaranteed to be 5m 2 ;

[0055] (3) After the ewes are grouped together, they are naturally bred. The bred ewes are moved to other sheep houses until all the ewes are bred. The temperature in the sheep house after breeding is kept at 15-25℃ (artificial cooling is performed when the temperature exceeds 25℃ during the day, and heating is performed when the temperature is below 15℃ at night). The lighting is 10 hours a day. After the ewes are grouped together, the activity area of ​​each sheep is guaranteed to be 8m 2 ;

[0056] (4) preparing a conventional nutrient feed by mixing 35 parts of corn, 15 parts of soybean meal, 25 parts of wheat bran, 3 parts of bone meal, 10 parts of peanut vines, 3 parts of salt, 3 parts of whole honeysuckle plant, 3 parts of whole Houttuynia cordata plant, and 2 parts of premix in a mass ratio;

[0057] Prepare a high-nutrient feed by mixing 30 parts of corn, 20 parts of soybean meal, 5 parts of wheat bran, 3 parts of bone meal, 15 parts of peanut vines, 1 part of salt, 20 parts of alfalfa and 4 parts of premix in a mass ratio;

[0058] (5) Ewes are fed with conventional nutrient feed during the first 100 days of pregnancy and high-nutrient feed during the late pregnancy and lactation period.

[0059] Note: The premix used in this example is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 1 part of copper sulfate pentahydrate, 7 parts of ferrous sulfate monohydrate, 5 parts of zinc sulfate monohydrate, 0.8 parts of cobalt chloride, 1 part of sodium selenite, 0.7 parts of vitamin A, 0.1 parts of vitamin D3, 0.9 parts of vitamin E, 1 part of niacin, and 80 parts of zeolite.

[0060] Example 3

[0061] A breeding method suitable for dairy goats in the mountainous area of ​​northern Guizhou, comprising the following steps:

[0062] (1) On April 25, 2023, in Tucheng Town, Xishui County, Zunyi City, 10 3-year-old Saanen dairy goats and 170 ewes were selected, and the rams and ewes were raised separately for 30 days for adaptation before breeding;

[0063] (2) After the acclimatization period, the rams’ genitals were tied up, and then the rams and ewes were grouped together. The temperature in the sheep house was maintained at 12-22°C (artificial cooling was performed when the daytime temperature exceeded 22°C, and heating was performed when the night temperature was below 12°C). The light was on for 10 hours a day, and after grouping, the activity area of ​​each sheep was ensured to be 4m 2 ;

[0064] (3) After the ram is in estrus, it is moved to another sheep house for semen collection. Artificial insemination is completed 3 hours after semen collection. In the sheep house after fertilization, the temperature in the sheep house is maintained at 15-25℃ (artificial intervention is performed to cool down when the temperature exceeds 25℃ during the day, and heating is performed when the temperature is below 15℃ at night). The light is on for 12 hours a day. After grouping, the activity area of ​​each sheep is guaranteed to be 7m 2 ;

[0065] (4) preparing a conventional nutrient feed by mixing 30 parts of corn, 20 parts of soybean meal, 20 parts of wheat bran, 2 parts of bone meal, 15 parts of peanut vines, 2 parts of salt, 4 parts of whole honeysuckle plant, 4 parts of whole Houttuynia cordata plant, and 3 parts of premix in a mass ratio;

[0066] Prepare a high-nutrient feed by mixing 35 parts of corn, 15 parts of soybean meal, 10 parts of wheat bran, 2 parts of bone meal, 10 parts of peanut vines, 2 parts of salt, 23 parts of alfalfa and 3 parts of premix in a mass ratio;

[0067] (5) Ewes are fed with conventional nutrient feed during the first 90 days of pregnancy and high-nutrient feed during the late pregnancy and lactation period.

[0068] Note: The premix used in this example is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 2 parts of copper sulfate pentahydrate, 6 parts of ferrous sulfate monohydrate, 6 parts of zinc sulfate monohydrate, 0.5 parts of cobalt chloride, 2 parts of sodium selenite, 0.6 parts of vitamin A, 0.3 parts of vitamin D3, 0.7 parts of vitamin E, 2 parts of niacin, and 70 parts of zeolite.

[0069] Comparative Example 1

[0070] The breed of goats used in step (1) was changed to Henan dairy goats, and the remaining steps remained the same as in Example 3.

[0071] Comparative Example 2

[0072] In steps (2) and (3), no manual intervention was made on the temperature and light exposure time of the sheep house, and the remaining steps remained the same as in Example 3.

[0073] Comparative Example 3

[0074] The feed used in steps (4) and (5) is replaced with peanut seedlings, alfalfa, corn stalks, etc., which are usually used according to the farmers' feeding habits.

[0075] Test example

[0076] Dairy goats were raised according to the methods of Examples 1 to 3 and Comparative Examples 1 to 3, and the average daily feed intake and average daily milk production of each group of goats were recorded. The results are shown in Table 1. The milk produced was tested to determine the milk fat rate, milk protein rate and lactose rate, and the results are shown in Table 2.

[0077] Table 1

[0078] Group Average daily feed intake and milk production (kg / d) Average daily milk production (kg / d) Example 1 1.08 2.49 Example 2 1.05 2.61 Example 3 1.07 2.84 Comparative Example 1 1.21 2.20 Comparative Example 2 1.18 2.26 Comparative Example 3 1.19 2.09

[0079] Table 2

[0080] Group Milk fat percentage (%) Milk protein rate (%) Lactose rate (%) Example 1 4.06 4.21 3.51 Example 2 4.11 4.07 3.56 Example 3 4.09 4.18 3.48 Comparative Example 1 4.38 3.11 3.28 Comparative Example 2 4.43 3.38 3.19 Comparative Example 3 4.29 3.51 3.24

[0081] in conclusion

[0082] The breeding method of the invention can effectively adapt to the breeding of dairy goats in the mountainous areas of northern Guizhou, improves feed utilization and milk production, and improves the quality of goat milk.

[0083] As can be seen from the above embodiments, the present invention provides a method for breeding dairy goats in the mountainous areas of northern Guizhou, comprising the following steps: (1) breeding rams and ewes separately and performing adaptation feeding before mating; (2) grouping rams and ewes after the adaptation feeding; (3) separating rams and ewes after mating; (4) feeding conventional nutrient feeds in the early pregnancy period of ewes, and feeding high-nutrient feeds in the late pregnancy period and during the milk production period. The method of the present invention is suitable for the mountainous areas of northern Guizhou. When the method is used for breeding, the milk production of dairy goats is high and the milk production period is long. The dairy goat resources are effectively developed and the variety of dairy products is expanded.

[0084] The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for ordinary technicians in this technical field, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention. These improvements and modifications should also be regarded as the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A breeding method suitable for dairy goats in the mountainous areas of northern Guizhou, characterized in that: The steps include: (1) Raise rams and ewes separately for adaptation before mating; (2) After the adaptation period is complete, the rams and ewes are grouped together; (3) Separate the ram and the ewes after mating; (4) Ewes should be fed with conventional nutrient feed in the early stages of pregnancy and high-nutrient feed in the late stages of pregnancy and during the lactation period.

2. The breeding method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The breed of the dairy goat is Saanen dairy goat or Guanzhong dairy goat.

3. The breeding method according to claim 2, characterized in that: The ages of the ram and the ewe in step (1) are independently 2 to 7 years old.

4. The breeding method according to claim 3, characterized in that: The period of adaptation and rearing in step (1) is 20 to 45 days, and the period of starting adaptation and rearing is from mid-April to early May.

5. The breeding method according to claim 4, characterized in that: The ratio of rams to ewes in the group in step (2) is 1:10-25, the temperature of the group is 12-22°C, the light exposure time is 9-11 hours per day, and the activity area of ​​each sheep is 3-5m after the group. 2 .

6. The breeding method according to claim 5, characterized in that: The breeding in step (3) is carried out by natural breeding or artificial insemination; The method of natural breeding is: moving the ewes that have been bred to other sheep houses until all the ewes have been bred; The method of artificial insemination is: after the ram is grouped, the ram's reproductive organs are tied up, the ram is moved to another sheep house for semen collection after the ram is in estrus, and artificial insemination is performed within 6 hours after semen collection.

7. The breeding method according to claim 6, characterized in that: The temperature of the breeding of the ewes after mating in step (3) is 15-25°C, the light exposure time is 10-14 hours per day, and the activity area of ​​each sheep is 6-8m 2 .

8. The breeding method according to claim 7, characterized in that: The early pregnancy period in step (4) is 80 to 100 days after pregnancy; The conventional nutrient feed comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 25-35 parts of corn, 15-25 parts of soybean meal, 15-25 parts of wheat bran, 1-3 parts of bone meal, 10-20 parts of peanut vines, 1-3 parts of salt, 3-5 parts of whole honeysuckle plant, 3-5 parts of whole houttuynia cordata plant, and 2-4 parts of premix.

9. The breeding method according to claim 8, characterized in that: The late pregnancy described in step (4) is from 80 to 100 days of pregnancy to the time of delivery, and the high-nutrient feed includes the following raw materials in parts by weight: 30 to 40 parts of corn, 10 to 20 parts of soybean meal, 5 to 15 parts of wheat bran, 1 to 3 parts of bone meal, 5 to 15 parts of peanut seedlings, 1 to 3 parts of salt, 20 to 26 parts of alfalfa, and 2 to 4 parts of premix.

10. The breeding method according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: The premix comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 1-3 parts of copper sulfate pentahydrate, 5-7 parts of ferrous sulfate monohydrate, 5-7 parts of zinc sulfate monohydrate, 0.3-0.8 parts of cobalt chloride, 1-3 parts of sodium selenite, 0.5-0.7 parts of vitamin A, 0.1-0.5 parts of vitamin D3, 0.5-0.9 parts of vitamin E, 1-3 parts of nicotinic acid, and 60-80 parts of zeolite.