Ceramic glaze color hot melting firing process

Abstract

The invention discloses a ceramic glaze color hot melting firing process, and belongs to the technical field of colored glaze firing. Comprising the following steps: 1) separating an under-glaze color area and a colored glaze area on a porcelain plate biscuit; performing colored drawing in the underglaze color area; (2) covering the colored glaze area by using a covering; (3) glaze is applied to the surface of the underglaze color area; 4) removing the covering, and drawing a draining line; 5) spreading colored glaze in the colored glaze area, and drying to obtain a treated porcelain plate; and (6) putting the porcelain plate treated in the step (5) into a kiln for firing, heating from 22-28 DEG C, heating to 1100-1180 DEG C according to a designed heating curve, keeping the temperature for 10-20 minutes, and then cooling, thereby obtaining the ceramic plate. According to the firing process, one-time firing forming can be achieved, the underglaze color area and the colored glaze area are shown on the porcelain plate, operation is easy and convenient, the surface is smooth after firing, and the yield is high.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] A firing process for ceramic glaze and colored glaze by hot melting belongs to the technical field of colored glaze firing. Background Art

[0002] Underglaze color is a main decorative method for ceramics. Various patterns are drawn on the formed and dried plain body with colorants, and then covered with transparent glaze or other light-colored glazes and fired.

[0003] The term "colored glaze" originated in the Han Dynasty and is also called "liuli". Currently, colored glaze generally refers to vitreous enamel, which is mainly made of quartz powder, soda powder, and borax, added with inorganic color powder and fired, and is mostly used for art processing. Colored glaze has high transparency, rich colors, bright colors, and strong layering. In the prior art, there is a design of coating colored glaze on the surface of a ceramic blank and sintering it. However, the prior art does not disclose the design presented by sintering underglaze color and colored glaze on the same ceramic blank.

[0004] The applicant found in further research that to achieve the design of presenting underglaze color and colored glaze on the same ceramic blank, the following problems exist: 1. The process is complex and the operation is inconvenient. If the glaze is applied first, the glaze is likely to contaminate the area coated with colored glaze. If the colored glaze is coated first, the colored glaze material is likely to contaminate the glaze. Once the raw materials are contaminated, it is not easy to observe before firing. Only after firing and showing color can it be clearly observed, but it is already impossible to remedy.

[0005] 2. The firing difficulty is high, and it is difficult to succeed in one firing, resulting in a low yield. First, after firing, the colored glaze is likely to crack on the ceramic blank, forming cracks of different sizes. The cracks will cause the colored glaze to easily fall off, and the cracks will also have an adverse effect on the color display of the colored glaze, resulting in a decrease in the color saturation or color deviation of the fired colored glaze. Second, the softening temperature of the colored glaze is low. When the firing temperature of the glaze reaches, the colored glaze has already become a molten state with strong fluidity and flows wantonly, and even the color of the colored glaze is damaged due to the too high firing temperature of the glaze, resulting in color change of the colored glaze and firing failure. Although there are low-temperature glazes in the prior art, the existing low-temperature glazes are prone to cracking after firing. The cracking changes the refraction direction of light, resulting in poor color display of the underglaze color, and there are also problems with the poor flatness of the glaze layer. Third, if the method of multiple firings is adopted, such as firing the underglaze color first and then firing the colored glaze, multiple firings will double the energy consumption, resulting in an increase in production costs.

[0006] 3. The existing process of firing colored glaze on ceramic bodies has defects. First, during firing, drain lines are usually used to block the flow of molten colored glaze, but the existing drain lines are prone to cracking and falling off during the firing process, causing the molten colored glaze to break through the drain line barrier and flow freely, resulting in the contamination and destruction of the pre-designed pattern, which cannot be repaired. Second, the existing drain lines are too abrupt. After firing, the drain lines do not blend with the glaze and colored glaze materials, and the boundaries are clear. Even if the drain lines are adjusted in color and fired, there is a significant color difference with the colored glaze materials.

[0007] At present, there is an urgent need for a high-yield process design that can fire underglaze colors and colored glaze on a ceramic body at one time. Summary of the invention

[0008] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is: to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art and provide a hot-melt firing process for ceramic glaze, which can achieve one-time firing and molding, and simultaneously present two styles of underglaze color area and glazed area on the porcelain plate, and the surface is flat after firing and the yield is high.

[0009] The technical solution of the method adopted by the present invention to solve the technical problem is: the hot-melt firing process of pottery and colored glaze comprises the following steps: 1) Separate the underglaze color area and the glazed area on the porcelain blank; paint in the underglaze color area; 2) Use a cover to cover the glazed area; 3) Apply glaze to the surface of the underglaze color area; 4) Remove the covering and draw the sluice line; 5) In the glazed area, spread the glazed material, dry it, and obtain the processed porcelain plate; 6) Place the ceramic plate treated in step 5) into the kiln for firing at the following temperature: Start heating from 22-28°C, increase the temperature to 190-220°C in 90-110 minutes, and burn at a constant temperature for 10-20 minutes; then increase the temperature to 790-810°C in 190-210 minutes, and burn at a constant temperature for 10-20 minutes; then increase the temperature to 1100-1180°C in 110-130 minutes, and burn at a constant temperature for 10-20 minutes, then cool down.

[0010] The specific operation of cooling in step 6) is as follows: in the kiln, cool to 900-950°C in 2-4 hours, cool to 700-750°C in 7-12 hours, cool to 190-250°C in 10-20 hours, cool to below 40°C in 6-10 hours, open the kiln, and cool naturally to room temperature.

[0011] Furthermore, the specific operation of cooling described in step 6) is: in the kiln, cool to 910-930°C in 3 hours, cool to 720-740°C in 8-10 hours, cool to 200-220°C in 12-13 hours, cool to below 40°C in 7-8 hours, open the kiln, and cool naturally to room temperature.

[0012] Step 3) The glaze is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 20-30 parts of low-temperature frit, 10-15 parts of wollastonite, 10-15 parts of spodumene, 6-10 parts of albite, 5-8 parts of quartz, 3-6 parts of alumina, 3-6 parts of dolomite, 3-6 parts of talc.

[0013] The mass percentages of the low-temperature frit are 59-66% SiO2, 10-15% Al2O3, 5-10% B2O3, 3-6% CaO, 4-8% MgO, 3-8% ZnO, 0-3% K2O, 0-2% Na2O, and 0-1% Li2O.

[0014] Step 3) The glaze is applied by spraying or coating.

[0015] Step 4) The asphalt line comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 8-10 parts of calcined kaolin, 7-11 parts of alumina, 10-15 parts of petalite, 6-10 parts of sepiolite, and 2-5 parts of zeolite.

[0016] Step 4) The cast-in-place line also includes the following raw materials in parts by weight: 0.2-2 parts of colorant, wherein the colorant is an underglaze color pigment or a glaze material.

[0017] Step 4) The operation of drawing the drain line is: draw the drain line along the boundary where the underglaze color area and the colored glaze area meet, and draw the drain line around the periphery of the colored glaze area. Drawing a circle of drain lines along the periphery of the colored glaze area can prevent the molten colored glaze from flowing out of the colored glaze area during firing. Drawing drain lines at the boundary can prevent the molten colored glaze from flowing out of the underglaze color area and the porcelain plate blank.

[0018] The specific operation of drawing the drain lines is: the number of drain lines drawn is a single drain line or multiple parallel drain lines. The molten glass has too much volume and too strong fluidity. Multiple parallel drain lines can prevent the glass from flowing into the underglaze color area, and can also prevent a drain line from breaking during the firing process, causing the glass to flow out and contaminate the pattern on the porcelain plate.

[0019] The operation of drawing the slit line also includes: enclosing a plurality of closed areas with the slit line in the glazed area. Each closed area is paved with glazed material, and after firing, each closed area forms a glazed color block. By paving glazed materials of different colors in the plurality of closed areas, a plurality of glazed color blocks of different colors are formed in the glazed area, and finally a color pattern is formed.

[0020] The present invention is described as follows: Preferably, in step 1), there are one or more glazed areas and one or more underglaze color areas distributed on the porcelain plate blank.

[0021] Preferably, the colorant used in the painting in step 1) is an underglaze color pigment, which is a commercially available product. The firing temperature range of the underglaze color pigment is less than or equal to 1180° C. Preferably, the firing temperature range of the underglaze color pigment includes a firing temperature interval of 1100-1150° C.

[0022] Preferably, the load softening temperature of the porcelain blank of step 1) is greater than 1180°C. Preferably, the load softening temperature of the porcelain blank of step 1) is greater than 1200°C. The porcelain blank meeting this load softening temperature will not deform during the firing process, thus avoiding the tilting flow of the molten glass caused by the deformation of the porcelain.

[0023] Preferably, in step 1), the surface of the porcelain plate blank is coated with a cosmetic soil layer, and the surface of the porcelain plate blank is leveled. Preferably, the cosmetic soil layer is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 69-71 parts of white porcelain mud, 10-12 parts of spodumene, 7-9 parts of zircon powder, and 9-11 parts of potassium feldspar. Preferably, the white porcelain mud is one of high white porcelain mud and special white porcelain mud. The white porcelain mud can make the cosmetic soil layer white after firing. As a base color, it can improve the color rendering effect of the underglaze color area and the glazed area. Using cosmetic soil to level the surface of the porcelain plate blank can prevent the problem of molten glaze tilting and flowing due to the uneven surface of the porcelain plate during firing.

[0024] Preferably, the load softening temperature of the porcelain blank of step 1) is greater than 1180°C, and the average linear thermal expansion coefficient of the porcelain blank from 20°C to 800°C is (3.8-8.0)×10 -6 ℃ -1 . A load softening temperature greater than 1180°C can prevent the porcelain blank from deforming during the firing process, avoid the fluid glaze from flowing freely due to the deformation of the porcelain blank, and avoid contaminating the layout of the underglaze color area and the glaze area. The porcelain blank of the present invention has a wide range of linear expansion coefficients, which is beneficial to expand the selection range of porcelain blanks as consumables. Further preferably, the load softening temperature of the porcelain blank described in step 1) is ≥1200°C, and the average linear thermal expansion coefficient of the porcelain blank from 20°C to 800°C is (4.0~7.5)×10 -6 ℃ -1 .

[0025] In the process of the present invention, both the underglaze color area and the colored glaze area are not easy to crack, which solves the problem that cracking affects the color development of the glaze layer and the colored glaze layer. This is because: first, the glaze formula used in the underglaze color area has good toughness after firing, and can be matched with a wider porcelain plate blank. The glaze is not easy to crack during the heating and cooling process, and the glaze layer formed by the glaze during the firing process has good surface flatness; second, the cosmetic soil layer is used as a buffer layer between the porcelain plate blank and the colored glaze layer to avoid cracking of the colored glaze layer. Third, in step 6), a heating curve and a cooling curve are designed to slowly cool down when the colored glaze material changes from liquid to solid, and to slowly cool down in the temperature range where the expansion coefficients of the colored glaze material and the glaze material change greatly, thereby avoiding cracking of the colored glaze layer and the glaze layer during the cooling process.

[0026] Preferably, the covering material in step 2) is adhesive tape or / and paper. The covering material can prevent the glaze from contacting the colored glaze area, so that the glaze only covers the underglaze color.

[0027] Preferably, in step 3), the glaze is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 22-24 parts of low-temperature frit, 12-13 parts of wollastonite, 13-14 parts of spodumene, 7-8 parts of albite, 6-7 parts of quartz, 4-5 parts of alumina, 4-5 parts of dolomite, 4-5 parts of borax, and 4-5 parts of talc. The combination of wollastonite and spodumene can reduce the linear expansion coefficient of the glaze and prevent cracking. Quartz and talc can enhance the surface smoothness of the glaze. Sodium feldspar has a melting temperature of 1100°C and high transparency, which can reduce the firing temperature of the glaze. Sodium feldspar and low-temperature frit are used as solvents, and spodumene is used as a co-solvent. Under high temperature conditions, they have good solubility for other components such as quartz, talc, dolomite and other components, making the glaze surface translucent and smooth. The glaze melts at 1000-1050°C, has a low linear expansion coefficient, good toughness, and is not easy to crack.

[0028] Step 3) The glaze is prepared by crushing low-temperature frit, wollastonite, spodumene, albite, quartz, alumina, dolomite and talc respectively by weight, sieving and mixing them evenly, wet ball milling, removing iron by magnetic attraction, adding borax, mixing evenly, and obtaining glaze slurry; the mass ratio of raw material: ball: water is 1:1-1.5:0.8-2.

[0029] Preferably, the melting temperature of the low-temperature frit is in the range of 800-1100°C.

[0030] Preferably, the height of the drain line in step 4) is greater than the spreading thickness of the glass material in step 5). The height of the drain line is 0.2-5 mm, preferably, the height of the drain line is 0.5-2 mm.

[0031] Preferably, in step 4), the pitch line comprises the following raw materials by weight: 8-10 parts of calcined kaolin, 7-11 parts of alumina, 10-15 parts of petalite, 6-10 parts of sepiolite, and 2-5 parts of zeolite. The thermal stability of the pitch line is better than that of the glaze and the glass material. During the firing process, as the temperature rises, the bound water in the zeolite dissipates in the form of water vapor, and leaves tiny pores for adsorption on the surface of the pitch line. When fired to 800°C, the glass begins to melt first and gradually becomes a molten liquid glass with strong fluidity; at this time, the physical state of the pitch line is stable, and the sepiolite and zeolite in the pitch line have good adsorption properties, adsorbing the molten liquid glass. At the same time, the pores formed on the surface of the pitch line can also adsorb the molten liquid glass, so that the pitch line can absorb part of the color of the glass, solving the problem that the pitch line and the glass do not merge, and the color difference between the pitch line and the glass is too large and too abrupt, and can also prevent the glass from flowing freely by adsorbing the molten glass. When the sintering temperature reaches 1000℃, the glaze gradually melts, and the fluidity increases to form a glaze layer. At this time, the physically stable drain line can absorb part of the melted glaze, so that the drain line at the boundary of the underglaze color area and the glazed area will not be too abrupt. As the temperature continues to rise, the zeolite in the drain line gradually melts and acts as a solvent, fusing other components in the drain line and promoting the adhesion of the drain line to the porcelain plate body. At the same time, due to the small amount of zeolite added, the drain line will not completely soften and become a fluid state, so the drain line will not lose its barrier effect. After the final firing is completed, the drain line can not only play the role of blocking the glaze and glazed materials, but also absorb the colors of the glaze and glazed materials, so that the drain line does not appear visually abrupt.

[0032] The bevel line is the same color as the glazed area. Other colorants will change color during sintering, resulting in a color difference with the glazed area. However, this will not happen if glazing materials with the same color as the glazed area are used.

[0033] Step 4) The preparation method of the drain line is as follows: crush the raw materials into powder according to weight, put them into a ball mill, add water to ball mill, remove iron by magnetic attraction, and dry to obtain drain line powder; when using, mix the drain line powder and water at a mass ratio of 2-5:1, extrude and draw to form drain line. The tool used for extrusion drawing is a squeeze bottle with a needle head, or a squeeze bottle with a conical tip.

[0034] When it contains colorant, the preparation method of the drain line in step 4) is: crush the raw material into powder according to weight, put it into a ball mill, add water to ball mill, remove iron by magnetic attraction, and dry to obtain raw material powder; add colorant to the raw material powder and mix well to obtain drain line powder; mix the drain line powder and water evenly in a mass ratio of 2-5:1, and extrude and draw to form drain lines.

[0035] Step 5) The glass material is a powder material, the particle size of the glass material is ≤0.1 mm, and the melting temperature is 800-1000° C. The raw materials of the glass material include quartz powder, alkali powder, borax and inorganic color powder, which are fired.

[0036] The cooling in step 6) is performed at a uniform rate, and the heating is performed at a uniform rate.

[0037] Preferably, the specific operation of step 6) is: heating from 22-28°C, heating to 200°C in 100 minutes, and sintering at 200°C for 14-16 minutes; then heating to 800°C in 200 minutes, and sintering at a constant temperature for 14-16 minutes; then heating to 1140-1160°C in 120 minutes, sintering at a constant temperature for 14-16 minutes, and then cooling to obtain.

[0038] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: 1. The hot-melt firing process of ceramic colored glazes of the present invention can realize one-time firing and forming, presenting two styles of underglaze color area and colored glaze area on the porcelain plate, and the surface is flat after firing, with a high yield rate.

[0039] First, in steps 1)-5), the glazed area is covered with a cover, glaze is applied to the surface of the underglaze color area, the cover is removed, and the drain line is drawn, which can prevent the glaze and the painting from contaminating the glazed area; when spreading the glazed material in step 5), even if the glazed material is contaminated to the underglaze color area, it will only fall on the dry glaze layer that has been glazed, which is easy to clean and cannot contaminate the painting. The two areas of the design of steps 1-5) do not affect each other and do not contaminate each other, effectively avoiding the glazed area and the underglaze color area from being contaminated with each other during the production process, simplifying the production process. The heating curve of step 6) can effectively prevent the cracking of glaze and glaze and the discoloration of sintering. The glaze and glaze are closely attached to the porcelain plate, so that the underglaze color and glaze can be successfully sintered on the same porcelain plate blank at one time.

[0040] Second, the glaze used has a low firing temperature, and the vitrification temperature during the firing process is close to the glass firing temperature, which can achieve the successful simultaneous firing of the glaze and the glass within the firing temperature, and the surface of the glaze layer is smooth after firing. The glaze used has a low linear expansion coefficient and good toughness, and has good adhesion to the porcelain blank and is not easy to crack.

[0041] Thirdly, the process of the present invention realizes the one-time firing of underglaze color and colored glaze on a ceramic body, thereby reducing energy consumption and costs.

[0042] 2. The hot-melt firing process of ceramic glaze of the present invention has clear boundaries between the underglaze color area and the glazed area, clear boundaries between color blocks in the glazed area, and controllable patterns and color distribution of the fired ceramic plates.

[0043] First, the present invention adopts a specific pour line formula. The melting temperature of the pour line is higher than that of the colored glaze, and it has adsorptive properties, which can prevent the molten colored glaze from seeping indiscriminately. The pour line can be used as a dividing line between the underglaze color area and the colored glaze area, and can also be used to outline the contour in the colored glaze area. Different closed areas are enclosed by the pour line, and different colored glaze materials are coated in different closed areas. During the firing process, the colored glaze is blocked by the pour line and will not flow out of the closed area enclosed by the pour line, ultimately forming colored glaze blocks of different colors.

[0044] Secondly, the pitch line of the present invention can absorb the molten colored glass material during the firing process. The pitch line absorbs the colored glass and is colored. Finally, the color of the adsorbed color in the pitch line after firing is close to that of the colored glass, which solves the problem that the pitch line and the surrounding colored glass are different in color. 3. The hot-melt firing process of pottery glaze of the present invention presents two styles of underglaze color area and glazed area on a porcelain plate, forming a unique visual effect.

[0045] The applicant found in the research that although colored glaze particles can create a rough visual effect, they are limited by the characteristics of the material in terms of fine processing. In order to enrich the expressive language of ceramic colored hot-melt art and broaden the possibility of themes, starting from the consistency and possibility of firing temperature, combined with underglaze painting technology, to make up for the shortcomings of ceramic colored hot-melt art in some aspects.

[0046] The combination of the underglaze color area and the glazed area creates a unique visual effect. The underglaze color area is underglaze color. After firing, the pattern is delicate and the boundaries of the lines are clear. Visually, it presents a clear effect of "camera lens focusing", which can be used to carefully draw close-ups and meticulous figures. Among them, the glazed color blocks in the glazed area are like those formed by seepage on rice paper, which visually presents a "camera blur" effect. It can be used to draw blurred close-up flowers and trees, or to draw blurred distant views, such as the sky, distant mountains, white clouds, and Chinese painting-style mountains, rivers, fish and shrimps. Since the glazed area can form glazed color blocks, it can realize the creation of oil painting style works of the pointillist school.

[0047] For example, the pattern of the underglaze color area is designed as a clear foreground, and the glazed area is designed as a blurred foreground. The combination of the underglaze color area and the glazed area can be on the same porcelain plate blank, visually presenting a three-dimensional effect of foreground and background. The hot-melt firing process of ceramic glazed color of the present invention enriches the style of porcelain plate painting, allows different brushstroke styles to be presented on the same porcelain plate through one firing, and has a high yield rate. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0048] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of step 1) of Example 1.

[0049] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of step 2) of Example 1.

[0050] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of step 3) of Example 1.

[0051] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of step 4) of Example 1.

[0052] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of step 5) in Example 1.

[0053] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the finished product obtained in step 6) of Example 1. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0054] The present invention is further described below in conjunction with specific embodiments, wherein Embodiment 1 is the best embodiment.

[0055] Step 1) The colorant used for painting is underglaze color pigment, purchased from Jingdezhen Xingyu Ceramic Materials Co., Ltd., called underglaze color concentrate, and the firing temperature is 1100-1350℃.

[0056] Step 1) The porcelain blank was purchased from Zibo Zhenyintang Cultural Communication Co., Ltd. The load softening temperature of the porcelain blank was ≥1200°C (according to the standard GB-T5989-2008), and the average linear thermal expansion coefficient from 20°C to 800°C was (4.0-7.5)×10 -6 ℃ -1 , test standard reference GB-T3810.8-2016.

[0057] The load softening temperature is ≥1200℃, and the average linear thermal expansion coefficient of the porcelain blank from 20℃ to 800℃ is The low-temperature frit added to the glaze is a transparent white cloud ceramic frit K-97 purchased from Zibo Kaili Ceramic Raw Materials Co., Ltd., and the firing range is 900-1100°C. The mass percentage of the low-temperature frit is 59-66% SiO2, 10-15% Al2O3, 5-10% B2O3, 4-8% MgO, 3-8% ZnO, 3-6% CaO, 1-6% BaO, 0-3% K2O, 0-2% Na2O, and 0-1% Li2O.

[0058] The glass material was purchased from Zibo Zichuan Zhenhua Glass Products Co., Ltd. The glass material is a powder material with a particle size of ≤0.1mm and a melting temperature of 800-1000°C. The raw materials of the glass material include quartz powder, alkali powder, borax and inorganic color powder, which are fired into rods, then crushed and sieved.

[0059] Alumina is commercially available anhydrous aluminum oxide powder.

[0060] The line extrusion tool is a squeeze bottle with a needle tip, which is a commercially available product.

[0061] Example 1 The hot-melt firing process of the ceramic colored glaze of this embodiment comprises the following steps: 1) Separate the underglaze color area and the glazed area on the porcelain blank; paint in the underglaze color area; 2) Use masking materials (tape and paper) to cover the glazed area; 3) Spray glaze on the surface of the underglaze color area and apply glaze; 4) Remove the covering and draw a single line along the boundary between the underglaze color area and the glazed area, and draw a line around the periphery of the glazed area; in the glazed area, use the line to enclose multiple closed areas; 5) Spread the glazing material in the glazed area, spread the glazing material in each closed area, dry it, and obtain the treated porcelain plate; the height of the sluice line is greater than the spreading thickness of the glazing material, and the height of the sluice line is 1mm; 6) Place the ceramic plate treated in step 5) into a kiln for firing at a firing temperature of: heating from 25°C, heating to 200°C in 100 minutes, and firing at a constant temperature for 15 minutes; then heating to 800°C in 200 minutes, and firing at a constant temperature for 15 minutes; then heating to 1160°C in 120 minutes, and firing at a constant temperature for 15 minutes; In the kiln, the temperature was lowered to 920°C after 3 hours, to 730°C after 9 hours, to 220°C after 13 hours, and to below 40°C after 8 hours. The kiln was opened and the temperature was naturally lowered to room temperature.

[0062] The surface of the porcelain plate blank in step 1) is coated with a cosmetic soil layer, and the cosmetic soil layer is used to level the surface of the porcelain plate blank. The cosmetic soil layer is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 70 parts of high white porcelain mud, 12 parts of spodumene, 8 parts of zircon powder, and 10 parts of potassium feldspar; the raw materials are mixed with water according to a mass ratio of raw materials to water of 1:6, and coated on the surface of the porcelain plate blank.

[0063] The glaze of step 3) is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 23 parts of low-temperature frit, 13 parts of wollastonite, 13 parts of spodumene, 8 parts of albite, 6 parts of quartz, 4.5 parts of alumina, 4 parts of dolomite, 4.5 parts of borax, and 4.5 parts of talc; Step 3) The glaze is prepared by crushing low-temperature frit, wollastonite, spodumene, albite, quartz, alumina, dolomite and talc respectively by weight, sieving and mixing them evenly, wet ball milling, removing iron by magnetic attraction, adding borax and mixing evenly to obtain glaze slurry; the mass ratio of raw materials: ball: water is 1:1.3:1.1.

[0064] Step 4) The asphalt line comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 9 parts of calcined kaolin, 10 parts of alumina, 12 parts of petalite, 8 parts of sepiolite, and 3 parts of zeolite; Step 4) The preparation method of the drain line is as follows: crush the raw materials into powder according to weight, put them into a ball mill, add water to ball mill, remove iron by magnetic attraction, and dry to obtain drain line powder; when using, mix the drain line powder with water in a mass ratio of 3:1, extrude it with a squeeze bottle with a syringe head, and draw to form drain lines.

[0065] See also Figure 1-6 , Figure 1 The biscuit of the porcelain plate obtained after the operation of step 1); Figure 1 In the process, the underglaze color area and the glazed area are separated by drawing outlines on the porcelain plate with a pencil. Figure 2 The biscuit of the porcelain plate obtained after the operation of step 2) is Figure 3 The biscuit of the porcelain plate obtained after the operation of step 3) is Figure 4 The biscuit of the porcelain plate obtained after the operation of step 4) is Figure 5 The biscuit of the porcelain plate obtained after the operation of step 5) is Figure 6 The ceramic plate blank is obtained after the operation of step 6).

[0066] In this embodiment, on the porcelain plate blank, there are two glazed areas and one underglaze color area, and the underglaze color area is located between the two glazed areas.

[0067] Example 2 The hot-melt firing process of the ceramic colored glaze of this embodiment comprises the following steps: 1) Separate the underglaze color area and the glazed area on the porcelain blank; paint in the underglaze color area; 2) Use masking materials (tape and paper) to cover the glazed area; 3) Spray glaze on the surface of the underglaze color area and apply glaze; 4) Remove the covering and draw a single line along the boundary between the underglaze color area and the glazed area, and draw a line around the periphery of the glazed area; in the glazed area, use the line to enclose multiple closed areas; 5) Spreading the glazing material in the glazed area, spreading the glazing material in each closed area, drying, and obtaining the treated porcelain plate; the height of the glazing line is greater than the spreading thickness of the glazing material; the height of the glazing line is 1 mm; 6) Place the ceramic plate treated in step 5) into a kiln for firing at the following temperatures: heating from 28°C, heating to 200°C in 100 minutes, and firing at 200°C for 14 minutes; then heating to 800°C in 200 minutes, and firing at a constant temperature for 16 minutes; then heating to 1400°C in 120 minutes, and firing at a constant temperature for 16 minutes; In the kiln, the temperature was lowered to 930°C after 3 hours, to 740°C after 10 hours, to 200°C after 12 hours, and to below 40°C after 8 hours. The kiln was opened and the temperature was naturally lowered to room temperature.

[0068] The surface of the porcelain plate blank in step 1) is coated with a cosmetic soil layer, and the cosmetic soil layer is used to level the surface of the porcelain plate blank. The cosmetic soil layer is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 69 parts of high white porcelain mud, 10 parts of spodumene, 7 parts of zircon powder, and 9 parts of potassium feldspar; the raw materials are mixed with water according to a mass ratio of raw materials to water of 1:7, and coated on the surface of the porcelain plate blank.

[0069] The glaze of step 3) is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 24 parts of low-temperature frit, 12 parts of wollastonite, 14 parts of spodumene, 7 parts of albite, 7 parts of quartz, 4 parts of alumina, 5 parts of dolomite, 4 parts of borax, and 5 parts of talc; Step 3) The glaze is prepared by crushing, sieving, and mixing low-temperature frit, wollastonite, spodumene, albite, quartz, alumina, dolomite, and talc respectively by weight, wet ball milling, magnetic deironing, and adding borax to obtain glaze slurry; the mass ratio of raw materials: ball: water is 1: 1.5: 1.2.

[0070] Step 4) The asphalt line comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 9 parts of calcined kaolin, 9 parts of alumina, 13 parts of petalite, 7 parts of sepiolite, and 4 parts of zeolite; Step 4) The preparation method of the drain line is as follows: crush the raw materials into powder according to weight, put them into a ball mill, add water to ball mill, remove iron by magnetic attraction, and dry to obtain drain line powder; when using, mix the drain line powder and water in a mass ratio of 5:1, extrude and draw the drain line with a squeeze bottle with a syringe head; The pattern of this embodiment is the same as that of embodiment 1.

[0071] Example 3 The hot-melt firing process of the ceramic colored glaze of this embodiment comprises the following steps: 1) Separate the underglaze color area and the glazed area on the porcelain blank; paint in the underglaze color area; 2) Use masking material (tape) to cover the glazed area; 3) Spray glaze on the surface of the underglaze color area and apply glaze; 4) Remove the covering and draw double lines along the boundary between the underglaze color area and the glazed area, and draw lines around the periphery of the glazed area; in the glazed area, use the lines to enclose multiple closed areas; 5) Spreading the glazing material in the glazed area, spreading the glazing material in each closed area, drying, and obtaining the treated porcelain plate; the height of the glazing line is greater than the spreading thickness of the glazing material; the height of the glazing line is 1.5 mm; 6) Place the ceramic plate treated in step 5) into a kiln for firing at a firing temperature of: heating from 22°C, heating to 200°C in 100 minutes, and firing at 200°C for 16 minutes; then heating to 800°C in 200 minutes, and firing at a constant temperature for 14 minutes; then heating to 1150°C in 120 minutes, and firing at a constant temperature for 14 minutes; Then the temperature is lowered in the kiln to 910°C after 3 hours, to 720°C after 8 hours, to 220°C after 13 hours, and to below 40°C after 7 hours. The kiln is opened and the temperature is naturally lowered to room temperature.

[0072] The surface of the porcelain plate blank in step 1) is coated with a cosmetic soil layer, and the cosmetic soil layer is used to level the surface of the porcelain plate blank. The cosmetic soil layer is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 70 parts of high white porcelain mud, 10 parts of spodumene, 9 parts of zircon powder, and 11 parts of potassium feldspar; the raw materials are mixed with water according to a mass ratio of raw materials to water of 1:8, and coated on the surface of the porcelain plate blank.

[0073] The glaze of step 3) is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 22 parts of low-temperature frit, 13 parts of wollastonite, 13 parts of spodumene, 8 parts of albite, 6 parts of quartz, 5 parts of alumina, 4 parts of dolomite, 5 parts of borax, and 4 parts of talc; Step 3) The glaze is prepared by crushing, sieving, and mixing low-temperature frit, wollastonite, spodumene, albite, quartz, alumina, dolomite, and talc respectively by weight, wet ball milling, magnetic deironing, and adding borax to obtain glaze slurry; the mass ratio of raw materials: ball: water is 1:1:0.8.

[0074] Step 4) The asphalt line comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 10 parts of calcined kaolin, 8 parts of alumina, 11 parts of petalite, 9 parts of sepiolite, and 3 parts of zeolite; Step 4) The preparation method of the drain line is as follows: crush the raw materials into powder according to weight, put them into a ball mill, add water to ball mill, remove iron by magnetic attraction, and dry to obtain drain line powder; when using, mix the drain line powder and water in a mass ratio of 2:1, extrude and draw the drain line with a squeeze bottle with a syringe head; The pattern of this embodiment is the same as that of embodiment 1.

[0075] Example 4 The hot-melt firing process of the ceramic colored glaze of this embodiment comprises the following steps: 1) Separate the underglaze color area and the glazed area on the porcelain blank; paint in the underglaze color area; 2) Use masking material (tape) to cover the glazed area; 3) Spray glaze on the surface of the underglaze color area; 4) Remove the covering and draw the drip lines. The number of drip lines is a single drip line. Draw the drip lines along the boundary where the underglaze color area and the glazed area meet, and draw the drip lines around the periphery of the glazed area. In the glazed area, use the drip lines to enclose multiple closed areas. 5) Spreading glazing material in the glazed area, spreading glazing material of one color in each closed area, and obtaining the treated ceramic plate; the height of the glazing line is the spreading thickness of the glazing material. The height of the glazing line is 0.2-5mm, preferably 0.5-2mm; 6) Place the ceramic plate treated in step 5) into a kiln for firing. The firing temperature is as follows: start heating at 28°C, heat up to 220°C in 110 minutes, and fire at a constant temperature for 10 minutes; then heat up to 810°C in 190 minutes, and fire at a constant temperature for 20 minutes; then heat up to 1180°C in 110 minutes, and fire at a constant temperature for 10 minutes; Then cool down in the kiln to 900°C after 4 hours, to 750°C after 7 hours, to 250°C after 10 hours, to below 40°C after 10 hours, open the kiln, and cool down naturally to room temperature.

[0076] The surface of the porcelain plate blank in step 1) is coated with a cosmetic soil layer, and the cosmetic soil layer is used to level the surface of the porcelain plate blank. The cosmetic soil layer is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 70 parts of high white porcelain mud, 12 parts of spodumene, 7 parts of zircon powder, and 10 parts of potassium feldspar; the raw materials are mixed with water in a mass ratio of 1:5, and coated on the surface of the porcelain plate blank.

[0077] The glaze of step 3) is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 20 parts of low-temperature frit, 15 parts of wollastonite, 10 parts of spodumene, 10 parts of albite, 5 parts of quartz, 6 parts of alumina, 3 parts of dolomite, 6 parts of borax, and 3 parts of talc.

[0078] Step 3) The glaze is prepared by crushing, sieving, and mixing low-temperature frit, wollastonite, spodumene, albite, quartz, alumina, dolomite, and talc respectively by weight, wet ball milling, magnetic deironing, and adding borax to obtain glaze slurry; the mass ratio of raw materials: ball: water is 1:1.5:1.2.

[0079] Step 4) The pitch line comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 8-10 parts of calcined kaolin, 7-11 parts of alumina, 10-15 parts of petalite, 6-10 parts of sepiolite, 2-5 parts of zeolite, and 0.2 parts of colorant (colored glass powder).

[0080] Step 4) The preparation method of the drain line is as follows: crush the raw materials into powder according to weight, put them into a ball mill, add water to ball mill, remove iron by magnetic attraction, and dry to obtain raw material powder; add colorant to the raw material powder and mix well to obtain drain line powder; mix the drain line powder and water at a mass ratio of 5:1, and extrude and draw to form drain lines; The pattern of this embodiment is the same as that of embodiment 1.

[0081] Example 5 The hot-melt firing process of the ceramic colored glaze of this embodiment comprises the following steps: 1) Separate the underglaze color area and the glazed area on the porcelain blank; paint in the underglaze color area; 2) Use masking materials (tape and paper) to cover the glazed area; 3) Spray glaze on the surface of the underglaze color area; 4) Remove the covering and draw the drip lines. The number of drip lines is a single drip line. Draw the drip lines along the boundary where the underglaze color area and the glazed area meet, and draw the drip lines around the periphery of the glazed area. In the glazed area, use the drip lines to enclose multiple closed areas. 5) Spreading glazing material in the glazed area, spreading glazing material of one color in each closed area, and obtaining the treated ceramic plate; the height of the glazing line is the spreading thickness of the glazing material. The height of the glazing line is 0.2-5mm, preferably 0.5-2mm; 6) Place the ceramic plate treated in step 5) into a kiln for firing. The firing temperature is as follows: start heating at 22°C, raise the temperature to 190°C in 90 minutes, and fire at a constant temperature for 20 minutes; then raise the temperature to 790°C in 210 minutes, and fire at a constant temperature for 10 minutes; then raise the temperature to 1100°C in 110 minutes, and fire at a constant temperature for 20 minutes; Then cool down in the kiln to 900°C after 2 hours, to 700°C after 12 hours, to 190°C after 20 hours, to below 40°C after 6 hours, open the kiln, and cool down naturally to room temperature.

[0082] The surface of the porcelain plate blank in step 1) is coated with a cosmetic soil layer, and the cosmetic soil layer is used to level the surface of the porcelain plate blank. The cosmetic soil layer is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 70 parts of high white porcelain mud, 11 parts of spodumene, 8 parts of zircon powder, and 11 parts of potassium feldspar; the raw materials are mixed with water according to a mass ratio of raw materials to water of 1:8, and coated on the surface of the porcelain plate blank.

[0083] The glaze of step 3) is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 30 parts of low-temperature frit, 10 parts of wollastonite, 15 parts of spodumene, 6 parts of albite, 8 parts of quartz, 3 parts of alumina, 6 parts of dolomite, 3 parts of borax, and 6 parts of talc; Step 3) The glaze is prepared by crushing, sieving, and mixing low-temperature frit, wollastonite, spodumene, albite, quartz, alumina, dolomite, and talc respectively by weight, wet ball milling, magnetic iron removal, and adding borax to obtain glaze slurry; the mass ratio of raw materials: ball: water is 1: 1: 0.8.

[0084] Step 4) the asphalt line comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 8-10 parts of calcined kaolin, 7-11 parts of alumina, 10-15 parts of petalite, 6-10 parts of sepiolite, and 2-5 parts of zeolite; Step 4) The preparation method of the drain line is as follows: crush the raw materials into powder according to weight, put them into a ball mill, add water and ball mill, remove iron by magnetic attraction, and dry to obtain drain line powder; mix the drain line powder and water in a mass ratio of 3:1, extrude and draw to form drain line; The pattern of this embodiment is the same as that of embodiment 1.

[0085] Comparative Example 1 The process of this comparative example is the same as that of Example 1, except that the cooling curve of step 6) is different, and the cooling method is: cooling to 40° C. at a constant speed for 24 hours.

[0086] Comparative Example 2 The process of this comparative example is the same as that of Example 1, except that the asphalt wire formula is different and no zeolite is added; The bitumen line is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 9 parts of calcined kaolin, 10 parts of alumina, 12 parts of petalite, and 8 parts of sepiolite.

[0087] Comparative Example 3 This comparative example process is the same as Example 1, except that the asphalt line formula is different and no sepiolite is added; The bitumen line is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 9 parts of calcined kaolin, 10 parts of alumina, 12 parts of petalite, and 3 parts of zeolite.

[0088] Comparative Example 4 The process of this comparative example is the same as that of Example 1, except that the asphalt wire formula is different and no petalite is added; The bitumen line is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 9 parts of calcined kaolin, 10 parts of alumina, 8 parts of sepiolite and 3 parts of zeolite.

[0089] Comparative Example 5 The process of this comparative example is the same as that of Example 1, except that the formula of the cosmetic soil layer is different and no spodumene is added; The makeup soil layer of this comparative example is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 70 parts of high white porcelain mud, 20 parts of zircon powder, and 10 parts of potassium feldspar.

[0090] Comparative Example 6 The process of this comparative example is the same as that of Example 1, except that the glaze formula is different; the glaze is only a low-temperature frit; Step 3) The glaze is prepared by crushing the low-temperature frit, sieving, mixing evenly, wet ball milling, removing iron by magnetic attraction, adding borax, and obtaining a glaze slurry; the mass ratio of low-temperature frit: ball: water is 1:1:0.8.

[0091] Performance Testing According to the process of the embodiment and the comparative example, a porcelain plate painting was produced. 100 pieces of each embodiment and the comparative example were produced, and the yield rate was counted, and the test results were recorded in Table 1.

[0092] The yield rate is determined by observing the presence of defects. If there are defects, it is defined as a defective product, and if there are no defects, it is defined as a finished product. The yield rate of each embodiment or comparative example = the number of finished products / total number × 100%.

[0093] Defects include: Defects 1. The colored glaze overflows the drain line and spreads outside the colored glaze area; Defect 2: The surface of the glaze layer in the underglaze color area is uneven, or the surface of the glaze layer in the glazed area is uneven; Defect 3: Cracks appear in the underglaze color area, the glaze layer is cracked, and there are cracks; Defect 4: The asphalt line is cracked, cracks appear on the asphalt line, or the asphalt line falls off; Defect 5: Cracks appear in the glazed area, cracks appear in the glazed layer, or the glazed layer falls off; If any of the above problems 1-5 occur, it is defined as a defective product and will not be counted in the number of finished products.

[0094] Table 1 Performance test results .

[0095] It can be seen from Table 1 that: Examples 1-5 can form underglaze colors and colored glazes on a ceramic body at one time with a high yield rate; it was observed that the glaze layer and colored glaze layer of Examples 1-5 had smooth surfaces, and there was no cracking in the glaze layer, the colored glaze layer, and the pour line, with a high yield rate. Because there was no cracking problem, the color rendering effect of the underglaze color area and the colored glaze area was better. Because there was no cracking problem in the pour line, the colored glaze material was confined to the colored glaze area, and did not overflow during firing, nor did it flow outside the colored glaze area. It was also observed that the pour line and the colored glaze area were well integrated, and there was no obvious boundary between the pour line and the colored glaze area, proving that during the firing process, the pour line absorbed part of the molten colored glaze material.

[0096] Comparative Example 1 adopts a uniform cooling process from the firing temperature to 40°C without adopting segmented cooling, and the cooling time is short. As a result, the finally obtained porcelain plate painting has numerous and fine cracks in the glazed layer in the glazed area.

[0097] In comparative example 2, no zeolite was added. The obtained porcelain plate painting was observed, and it was found that the castellated line could still absorb colored glaze and glaze, but the effect was not as good as that of Examples 1-5. Moreover, in this comparative example, the bonding between the castellated line and the porcelain plate body was not ideal, and the bottom of some castellated lines was separated from the porcelain plate body, resulting in overflow of colored glaze and low yield.

[0098] In comparative example 3, no sepiolite was added. The obtained porcelain plate painting was observed and it was found that the drain line did not absorb the colored glaze and glaze, and the drain line and the colored glaze were not well integrated, resulting in an abrupt visual effect. On some porcelain plates, the drain line softened and collapsed, and the colored glaze overflowed the drain line and flowed outside the colored glaze area.

[0099] In comparative example 4, no petalite was added to the formulation of the bitumen line. Upon observation of the obtained porcelain plate painting, it was found that there were cracks on the surface of the bitumen line and there was a cracking problem. On some porcelain plates, the glaze spread from the cracked area of ​​the bitumen line to outside the glaze area.

[0100] Comparative Example 5 has a different formula for the make-up soil layer. When observing the obtained porcelain plate painting, it is found that the glass area has cracking problems. There are many cracks in the glass layer in the glass area, and the number of porcelain plates with this defect is relatively large. It is proved that the molten glass is fused with the make-up soil layer during the sintering process, and the addition of spodumene in the make-up soil layer can improve the linear expansion coefficient of the glass material, thereby preventing the glass layer from cracking.

[0101] pass Figure 1-6 It can be seen that Figure 1-6 Corresponding to steps 1)-6 of Example 1 in sequence). Figure 6 The final finished porcelain plate painting has two glazed areas and one underglaze color area on the porcelain plate blank. The underglaze color area is located between the two glazed areas. In the middle of the porcelain plate painting, fields and houses are painted, and the scene is depicted in detail. The glazed area located in the upper part of the porcelain plate painting is painted with the sky. The glazed area located in the lower part of the porcelain plate painting is painted with the foreground hills. The use of glazed creates an effect similar to pointillism. From a distance, the points merge into a coherent whole. This makes these glazed areas visually contrast with the underglaze color areas.

[0102] See also Figure 6 The glazed area at the bottom is made of dark glazed material. You can see that the drain line blocks the dark glazed material and prevents it from flowing into the underglaze color area. Figure 6 It can be seen that the drain line absorbs both dark colored glass and glaze, and the drain line and the adjacent colored glass area and underglaze color area are well integrated. In addition, if cracks appear in the colored glass area, it will affect the color of the colored glass area. Figure 6 It can be clearly seen that there are no cracks in the glazed area and the color rendering effect is good.

Claims

1. A ceramic hot-melt firing process, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: 1) Separate the underglaze color area and the glazed area on the porcelain blank; paint in the underglaze color area; 2) Use a cover to cover the glazed area; 3) Apply glaze to the surface of the underglaze color area; 4) Remove the covering and draw the sluice line; 5) In the glazed area, spread the glazed material, dry it, and obtain the processed porcelain plate; 6) Place the porcelain plate treated in step 5) into a kiln for firing, starting from 22-28°C, heating to 190-220°C in 90-110 minutes, and firing at a constant temperature for 10-20 minutes; then heating to 790-810°C in 190-210 minutes, and firing at a constant temperature for 10-20 minutes; then heating to 1100-1180°C in 110-130 minutes, and firing at a constant temperature for 10-20 minutes, and then cooling to obtain the product.

2. A ceramic hot-melt firing process according to claim 1, characterized in that: The specific operation of cooling in step 6) is as follows: in the kiln, cool to 900-950°C in 2-4 hours, cool to 700-750°C in 7-12 hours, cool to 190-250°C in 10-20 hours, cool to below 40°C in 6-10 hours, open the kiln, and cool naturally to room temperature.

3. The hot-melt firing process for ceramic glaze according to claim 1, characterized in that: The specific operation of cooling in step 6) is as follows: in the kiln, cool to 910-930°C in 3 hours, cool to 720-740°C in 8-10 hours, cool to 200-220°C in 12-13 hours, cool to below 40°C in 7-8 hours, open the kiln, and cool naturally to room temperature.

4. The ceramic hot-melt firing process according to claim 1, characterized in that: Step 3) The glaze is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 20-30 parts of low-temperature frit, 10-15 parts of wollastonite, 10-15 parts of spodumene, 6-10 parts of albite, 5-8 parts of quartz, 3-6 parts of alumina, 3-6 parts of dolomite, 3-6 parts of borax, and 3-6 parts of talc.

5. The hot-melt firing process for ceramic glaze according to claim 4, characterized in that: The mass percentages of the low-temperature frit are 59-66% SiO2, 10-15% Al2O3, 5-10% B2O3, 3-6% CaO, 4-8% MgO, 3-8% ZnO, 0-3% K2O, 0-2% Na2O, and 0-1% Li2O.

6. The ceramic hot-melt firing process according to claim 1, characterized in that: Step 3) The glaze is applied by spraying or coating.

7. The hot-melt firing process for ceramic glaze according to claim 1, characterized in that: Step 4) The asphalt line comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 8-10 parts of calcined kaolin, 7-11 parts of alumina, 10-15 parts of petalite, 6-10 parts of sepiolite, and 2-5 parts of zeolite.

8. The ceramic hot-melt firing process according to claim 7, characterized in that: Step 4) The cast iron line also includes the following raw materials in parts by weight: 0.2-0.8 parts of colorant, wherein the colorant is an underglaze color pigment and / or a colored glaze material.

9. The ceramic hot-melt firing process according to claim 1, characterized in that: Step 4) The operation of drawing the drip line is: drawing the drip line along the boundary where the underglaze color area and the colored glaze area meet, and drawing the drip line around the periphery of the colored glaze area.

10. A ceramic hot-melt firing process according to claim 1 or 9, characterized in that: The specific operation of drawing the sluice lines is: the number of sluice lines drawn is a single sluice line, or a plurality of parallel sluice lines.

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