Design method, system and lens antenna for high-gain lens antenna

Abstract

The present invention is applicable to the field of wireless communication technology, and in particular, relates to a design method, system and related equipment for a high-gain lens antenna. The method simulates the antenna to obtain the working frequency band range of the antenna; a dielectric lens model is designed according to the working frequency band range, and the dielectric lens model is composed of a plurality of dielectric units that are fixed layer by layer from the inside to the outside. The parameters of each dielectric unit in the dielectric lens model are adjusted and optimized according to preset rules, so that the electromagnetic waves are focused on the focus of the dielectric lens model after passing through each dielectric unit; wherein the parameters include the dielectric thickness and dielectric constant of the dielectric unit; the dielectric lens is assembled with the antenna to obtain a lens antenna. Compared with the prior art, the present invention improves the dielectric thickness and dielectric constant of the dielectric lens to achieve the focusing effect of the electromagnetic waves, and the obtained lens antenna has better gain effect, wider working frequency band and lighter weight.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention is applicable to the field of wireless communication technology, and in particular relates to a design method, system and related equipment for a high-gain lens antenna. Background Art

[0002] Lens antennas are widely used in many fields due to their simple structure, wide operating frequency band, and high gain, such as radar positioning, radio astronomy, microwave relay stations, antenna measurement, etc. Taking radar positioning as an example, in radar systems, there are usually high requirements for the gain of terminal antennas. The higher the antenna gain, the smaller the positioning error and the longer the positioning distance.

[0003] The current methods to increase the gain of lens antennas are: 1. Increasing the antenna aperture, but this will increase the system volume and mass, and require redesign. 2. Adding a flat dielectric coating, but this will make the lens antenna bulky as a whole, and the gain is usually only increased by 3 decibels (dB), with poor gain effects. 3. Using an antenna array, but its design process is complex and costly.

[0004] Therefore, there is an urgent need for a new design method, system and related equipment for a high-gain lens antenna to solve the above technical problems. Summary of the invention

[0005] The present invention provides a design method, system and related equipment for a high-gain lens antenna, aiming to design a lens antenna with obvious gain effect, wide working frequency band and light weight.

[0006] In a first aspect, a design method for a high-gain lens antenna is provided, the design method comprising the following steps:

[0007] S1. Simulate the antenna to obtain the working frequency range of the antenna;

[0008] S2. Designing a dielectric lens model according to the working frequency band, wherein the dielectric lens model is composed of a plurality of dielectric units that are fixed layer by layer from the inside to the outside, adjusting and optimizing the parameters of each dielectric unit in the dielectric lens model according to a preset rule, so that the electromagnetic wave is focused at the focal point of the dielectric lens model after passing through each dielectric unit, and obtaining a dielectric lens according to the adjusted and optimized dielectric lens model; wherein the parameters include the dielectric thickness and dielectric constant of the dielectric unit;

[0009] S3, assembling the dielectric lens and the antenna to obtain a lens antenna.

[0010] Preferably, the dielectric lens includes ten dielectric units.

[0011] Preferably, the dielectric lens is a centrosymmetric structure.

[0012] Preferably, the dielectric lens is cubic.

[0013] Preferably, in step S2, the preset rule is to make each of the medium units satisfy the following conditions:

[0014] ;

[0015] in, d represents the thickness of the dielectric unit, F represents the focal length of the dielectric lens model, θ represents the refraction angle of the electromagnetic wave after passing through the dielectric unit, ε rmax represents the maximum relative dielectric constant of the material used for the dielectric unit, ε r represents the relative dielectric constant of the dielectric unit.

[0016] In a second aspect, the present invention further provides a design system for a high-gain lens antenna, comprising:

[0017] A simulation module, used to simulate the antenna to obtain the working frequency range of the antenna;

[0018] A lens modification module is used to design a dielectric lens model according to the working frequency band, wherein the dielectric lens model is composed of a plurality of dielectric units that are fixed layer by layer from the inside to the outside, and the parameters of each dielectric unit in the dielectric lens model are adjusted and optimized according to a preset rule, so that the electromagnetic wave is focused at the focus of the dielectric lens model after passing through each dielectric unit, and a dielectric lens is obtained according to the adjusted and optimized dielectric lens model; wherein the parameters include the dielectric thickness and dielectric constant of the dielectric unit;

[0019] An assembling module is used to assemble the dielectric lens and the antenna to obtain a lens antenna.

[0020] Preferably, the dielectric lens includes ten dielectric units.

[0021] Preferably, the dielectric lens is a centrosymmetric structure.

[0022] Preferably, in the lens modification module, the preset rule is to make each of the medium units satisfy the following conditions:

[0023] ;

[0024] in, d represents the thickness of the dielectric unit, F represents the focal length of the dielectric lens model, θ represents the refraction angle of the electromagnetic wave after passing through the dielectric unit, ε rmax represents the maximum relative dielectric constant of the material used for the dielectric unit, ε r represents the relative dielectric constant of the dielectric unit.

[0025] In a third aspect, the present invention further provides a lens antenna, which is prepared by the design method of the high-gain lens antenna as described in any of the above embodiments.

[0026] Compared with the prior art, the present invention simulates the antenna to obtain the working frequency range of the antenna; according to the working frequency range, the parameters of each dielectric unit in the dielectric lens are modified to control the phase of the electromagnetic wave to obtain a dielectric lens; wherein the parameters include dielectric thickness and dielectric constant; the dielectric lens is assembled with the antenna to obtain a lens antenna. The present invention improves the dielectric thickness and dielectric constant of the dielectric lens to achieve the focusing effect of the electromagnetic wave, and the obtained lens antenna has better gain effect, wider working frequency band and lighter weight. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0027] The present invention will be described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. The above and other aspects of the present invention will become clearer and easier to understand through the detailed description made in conjunction with the following drawings. In the accompanying drawings:

[0028] Figure 1 is a flowchart of a design method for a high-gain lens antenna provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of an input return loss curve of an antenna provided by an embodiment of the present invention when no dielectric lens is installed;

[0030] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of a gain curve of an antenna provided by an embodiment of the present invention when no dielectric lens is installed;

[0031] Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of an input return loss curve of a lens antenna provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of a gain curve of a lens antenna provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 6 is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of a dielectric lens provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of a dielectric lens provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 8Schematic diagram of the focusing effect of the dielectric lens provided by an embodiment of the present invention on 8 GHz electromagnetic waves;

[0036] Fig. 9 Schematic diagram of the focusing effect of a dielectric lens on 9 GHz electromagnetic waves provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0037] Fig.10 Schematic diagram of the focusing effect of a dielectric lens provided by an embodiment of the present invention on a 10 GHz electromagnetic wave;

[0038] Fig.11 Schematic diagram of the focusing effect of the dielectric lens provided by an embodiment of the present invention on 11 GHz electromagnetic waves;

[0039] Fig.12 It is a schematic diagram of the focusing effect of the dielectric lens provided by an embodiment of the present invention on 12 GHz electromagnetic waves;

[0040] Fig.13 It is a structural schematic diagram of a design system for a high-gain lens antenna provided in an embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0041] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0042] Embodiment 1

[0043] Please refer to Figure 1-Figure 12 The present invention provides a design method for a high-gain lens antenna, the design method comprising the following steps:

[0044] S1. Simulate the antenna to obtain the working frequency range of the antenna.

[0045] In the embodiment of the present invention, a horn antenna is used for simulation, and the simulation results are as follows: Figures 2 to 3 As shown, it can be seen that the operating frequency range of the horn antenna is between 8.8 and 11 GHz, and the gain is about 12 dB. It should be noted that the antenna is not limited to the horn antenna, but can also be a dielectric deceleration lens antenna, a metal acceleration lens antenna, a Luneburg lens antenna, a Rodman lens antenna, etc., and any antenna equipped with a dielectric lens can be used.

[0046] S2. Design a dielectric lens model according to the working frequency range, wherein the dielectric lens model is composed of a plurality of dielectric units that are fixed layer by layer from the inside to the outside, and adjust and optimize the parameters of each dielectric unit in the dielectric lens model according to a preset rule, so that the electromagnetic wave is focused at the focus of the dielectric lens model after passing through each dielectric unit, and obtain a dielectric lens according to the adjusted and optimized dielectric lens model; wherein the parameters include the dielectric thickness and dielectric constant of the dielectric unit. Specifically, the dielectric thickness refers to the distance required for the electromagnetic wave to pass through the dielectric unit.

[0047] In the embodiment of the present invention, the phase of the electromagnetic wave has a significant influence on the focusing effect of the electromagnetic wave. By accurately controlling the phase of the electromagnetic wave, the focusing effect of the electromagnetic wave can be optimized. Due to the phase change formula of the electromagnetic wave in the medium: φ=βd, it can be known that the phase change of the electromagnetic wave in the medium is related to the thickness d of the medium and the phase shift constant β. β=2π / λc, λc is the wavelength of the medium, which is related to the dielectric constant ε. Therefore, by changing the thickness of the medium and its dielectric constant, the control of the phase of the electromagnetic wave can be achieved, thereby achieving the focusing effect of the electromagnetic wave.

[0048] The preset rule is that each of the medium units meets the following conditions:

[0049] ;

[0050] in, d represents the thickness of the dielectric unit, F represents the focal length of the dielectric lens model, θ It represents the refraction angle of electromagnetic wave after passing through the dielectric unit.

[0051] ε rmax represents the maximum relative dielectric constant of the material used for the dielectric lens. Specifically, ε rmax =2.72, at this time the filling ratio of the 3D printing material is 100%, ε r Represents the relative dielectric constant of the dielectric unit currently calculated in the dielectric lens.

[0052] It should be noted that the parameters in the above conditions all refer to the parameters corresponding to the medium unit currently being calculated. For example, if the current medium unit is A1, d represents the thickness of dielectric unit A1, ε r represents the relative dielectric constant of dielectric unit A1.

[0053] In the embodiment of the present invention, the dielectric lens includes ten dielectric units. Other numbers of dielectric units are also feasible and can be set according to actual conditions.

[0054] In the embodiment of the present invention, the dielectric lens is a centrosymmetric structure (such as Figure 6 As shown, ten dielectric units form a group, and its structure includes two groups that are symmetrical up and down), so that the dielectric lens has a better focusing effect on electromagnetic waves.

[0055] In the embodiment of the present invention, the dielectric lens is a cubic type (such as Figure 7 As shown in the figure, the dielectric lens has a better focusing effect on electromagnetic waves.

[0056] Specifically, the focusing effect of dielectric lenses on electromagnetic waves is as follows: Figure 6 shown. Figure 6 middle, ε 1~ ε 10 Respectively represent the dielectric constants of the ten dielectric units in the dielectric lens, H1~H 10 Respectively represent the heights of ten dielectric units in the dielectric lens. The heights of each dielectric unit are equal, but the thickness and effective dielectric constant are different. The dielectric lens can be obtained by calculating the parameters of each dielectric unit according to the first preset rule through 3D printing technology. The focusing effect of the dielectric lens on electromagnetic waves within 8~12GHz is as follows Figure 8-Figure 12 As shown, it effectively covers the working frequency band of the antenna, so as to achieve the best focusing effect.

[0057] S3, assembling the dielectric lens and the antenna to obtain a lens antenna.

[0058] In the embodiment of the present invention, the input return loss (S1,1 parameter) and gain curve simulation results of the lens antenna are as follows: Figure 4 , 5 By comparison Figure 4 and Figure 2 It can be found that the working bandwidth of the antenna after loading the dielectric lens does not change much. Figure 5 and Figure 3 It can be found that the gain of the antenna after loading the dielectric lens is increased by at least 5.6dB and at most 7.1dB, and its gain effect is significantly improved.

[0059] Compared with the prior art, the present invention simulates the antenna to obtain the working frequency range of the antenna; according to the working frequency range, the parameters of each dielectric unit in the dielectric lens are modified to control the phase of the electromagnetic wave to obtain a dielectric lens; wherein the parameters include dielectric thickness and dielectric constant; the dielectric lens is assembled with the antenna to obtain a lens antenna. The present invention improves the dielectric thickness and dielectric constant of the dielectric lens to achieve the focusing effect of the electromagnetic wave, and the obtained lens antenna has better gain effect, wider working frequency band and lighter weight.

[0060] Embodiment 2

[0061] The embodiment of the present invention also provides a design system for a high-gain lens antenna. Fig.13 , Fig.13 : is a schematic diagram of the structure of a design system 200 for a high-gain lens antenna provided in an embodiment of the present invention, including:

[0062] 201. A simulation module is used to simulate an antenna to obtain a working frequency band range of the antenna.

[0063] In the embodiment of the present invention, a horn antenna is used for simulation, and its operating frequency range is between 8.8 and 11 GHz, and its gain is about 12 dB. It should be noted that the antenna is not limited to the horn antenna, and can also be a dielectric deceleration lens antenna, a metal acceleration lens antenna, a Luneburg lens antenna, a Rodman lens antenna, etc., and any antenna equipped with a dielectric lens can be used.

[0064] 202. A lens modification module, for designing a dielectric lens model according to the working frequency band, wherein the dielectric lens model is composed of a plurality of dielectric units that are fixed layer by layer from the inside to the outside, and adjusting and optimizing the parameters of each dielectric unit in the dielectric lens model according to a preset rule, so that the electromagnetic wave is focused at the focal point of the dielectric lens model after passing through each dielectric unit, and obtaining a dielectric lens according to the adjusted and optimized dielectric lens model; wherein the parameters include the dielectric thickness and dielectric constant of the dielectric unit.

[0065] In the embodiment of the present invention, the phase change formula of the electromagnetic wave in the medium: φ=βd shows that the phase change of the electromagnetic wave in the medium is related to the medium thickness d and the phase shift constant β. β=2π / λc, λc is the medium wavelength, which is related to the dielectric constant ε. Therefore, by changing the thickness of the medium and its dielectric constant, the phase of the electromagnetic wave can be controlled, thereby achieving the focusing effect of the electromagnetic wave.

[0066] The preset rule is that each of the medium units meets the following conditions:

[0067] ;

[0068] in, d represents the thickness of a single dielectric unit in the dielectric lens, F represents the focal length of the dielectric lens model, θ represents the refraction angle of the electromagnetic wave after passing through the dielectric unit,

[0069] ε rmax represents the maximum relative dielectric constant of the material used for the dielectric lens. Specifically, εrmax =2.72, at this time the filling ratio of the 3D printing material is 100%, ε r Represents the relative dielectric constant of the dielectric unit currently calculated in the dielectric lens.

[0070] It should be noted that the parameters in the above conditions all refer to the parameters corresponding to the medium unit currently being calculated. For example, if the current medium unit is A1, d represents the thickness of dielectric unit A1, ε r represents the relative dielectric constant of the dielectric unit A1. In the embodiment of the present invention, the dielectric lens includes ten dielectric units.

[0071] In the embodiment of the present invention, the dielectric lens is a centrally symmetrical structure, so that the dielectric lens has a better focusing effect on electromagnetic waves.

[0072] In the embodiment of the present invention, the dielectric lens is of a cubic type, so that the dielectric lens has a better focusing effect on electromagnetic waves.

[0073] 203. An assembling module, used for assembling the dielectric lens and the antenna to obtain a lens antenna.

[0074] The high-gain lens antenna design system 200 can implement the steps in the high-gain lens antenna design method in the above embodiment, and can achieve the same technical effects. Please refer to the description in the above embodiment and will not be repeated here.

[0075] Embodiment 3

[0076] An embodiment of the present invention also provides a lens antenna. The lens antenna provided by the embodiment of the present invention is prepared by the design method of the high-gain lens antenna in the above embodiment, and can achieve the same technical effect. Refer to the description in the above embodiment and will not be repeated here.

[0077] It should be noted that, in this article, the terms "include", "comprises" or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, so that a process, method, article or device including a series of elements includes not only those elements, but also other elements not explicitly listed, or also includes elements inherent to such process, method, article or device. In the absence of further restrictions, an element defined by the sentence "comprises a ..." does not exclude the existence of other identical elements in the process, method, article or device including the element.

[0078] The embodiments of the present invention are described above in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. What is disclosed is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention. However, the present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned specific implementation manner. The above-mentioned specific implementation manner is only illustrative rather than restrictive. Under the enlightenment of the present invention, ordinary technicians in this field can also make many forms and equivalent changes without departing from the scope of protection of the purpose of the present invention and the claims, all of which are within the protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A design method for a high-gain lens antenna, characterized in that: The design method comprises the following steps: S1. Simulate the antenna to obtain the working frequency range of the antenna; S2. Designing a dielectric lens model according to the working frequency band, wherein the dielectric lens model is composed of a plurality of dielectric units that are fixed layer by layer from the inside to the outside, adjusting and optimizing the parameters of each dielectric unit in the dielectric lens model according to a preset rule, so that the electromagnetic wave is focused at the focal point of the dielectric lens model after passing through each dielectric unit, and obtaining a dielectric lens according to the adjusted and optimized dielectric lens model; wherein the parameters include the dielectric thickness and dielectric constant of the dielectric unit; S3, assembling the dielectric lens and the antenna to obtain a lens antenna; In step S2, the preset rule is to make each of the medium units meet the following conditions: ； in, d represents the thickness of the dielectric unit, F represents the focal length of the dielectric lens model, θ represents the refraction angle of the electromagnetic wave after passing through the dielectric unit, ε rmax represents the maximum relative dielectric constant of the material used for the dielectric unit, ε r represents the relative dielectric constant of the dielectric unit.

2. The design method of the high-gain lens antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: The dielectric lens includes ten dielectric units.

3. The design method of the high-gain lens antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: The dielectric lens has a central symmetrical structure.

4. The design method of the high-gain lens antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: The dielectric lens is a cubic type.

5. A design system for a high-gain lens antenna, characterized in that: include: A simulation module, used to simulate the antenna to obtain the working frequency range of the antenna; A lens modification module is used to design a dielectric lens model according to the working frequency band, wherein the dielectric lens model is composed of a plurality of dielectric units that are fixed layer by layer from the inside to the outside, and the parameters of each dielectric unit in the dielectric lens model are adjusted and optimized according to a preset rule, so that the electromagnetic wave is focused at the focus of the dielectric lens model after passing through each dielectric unit, and a dielectric lens is obtained according to the adjusted and optimized dielectric lens model; wherein the parameters include the dielectric thickness and dielectric constant of the dielectric unit; An assembling module, used for assembling the dielectric lens and the antenna to obtain a lens antenna; In the lens modification module, the preset rule is to make each of the medium units meet the following conditions: ； in, d represents the thickness of the dielectric unit, F represents the focal length of the dielectric lens model, θ represents the refraction angle of the electromagnetic wave after passing through the dielectric unit, ε rmax represents the maximum relative dielectric constant of the material used for the dielectric unit, ε r represents the relative dielectric constant of the dielectric unit.

6. The design system of a high-gain lens antenna according to claim 5, characterized in that: The dielectric lens includes ten dielectric units.

7. The design system of a high-gain lens antenna according to claim 5, characterized in that: The dielectric lens is a centrosymmetric structure.

8. A lens antenna, characterized in that: The lens antenna is prepared by the design method of a high-gain lens antenna as described in any one of claims 1 to 4.

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