Compound fertilizer for efficiently preventing and controlling rice blast

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of fertilizer preparation, and relates to a compound fertilizer for efficiently preventing and controlling rice blast. The compound fertilizer comprises the following raw materials: a plant-source organic fertilizer, an animal-source organic fertilizer, humic acid, a functional carrier and bacillus subtilis, the plant-source organic fertilizer provides effective components such as sulfur compounds and glucosinolate, and the functional carrier can provide silicon for rice. The compound fertilizer for efficiently preventing and controlling the rice blast, prepared by the invention, not only can provide comprehensive nutrients for the growth of rice, but also can enhance the prevention and control effect on the rice blast by utilizing antibacterial and antifungal compounds contained in the plant source organic fertilizer.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of fertilizer preparation, and more specifically relates to a composite fertilizer for efficiently preventing and controlling rice blast. Background Art

[0002] In the agricultural field, rice blast is a highly destructive rice disease caused by the fungus Magnaporthe oryzae, which seriously affects the yield and quality of rice. Rice blast is not only widely distributed, but also develops rapidly. Once it breaks out, it may cause a large reduction in crop yield or even complete loss even in high-yield rice fields. Therefore, the development of effective prevention and control measures has always been a focus of common concern for agricultural scientists and growers.

[0003] Traditional methods of rice blast control mainly rely on chemical pesticides, such as triazoles, benzimidazoles and other fungicides. However, the long-term and large-scale use of chemical pesticides not only increases agricultural production costs, but may also lead to environmental pollution, increased pathogen resistance, and disruption of the ecological balance of non-target organisms. In addition, residual chemicals may affect human health through the food chain, which has prompted the agricultural community to seek more environmentally friendly and sustainable disease management strategies.

[0004] In recent years, with the advancement of agricultural technology, researchers have begun to explore new control methods such as biological control, genetic engineering, and precision agriculture. Among them, compound fertilizers, as an agricultural input that combines nutrient supply and disease control, have gradually attracted people's attention. This type of fertilizer usually contains basic nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, and is added with trace elements, biostimulants, beneficial microorganisms or plant extracts, aiming to improve the stress resistance and self-defense capabilities of crops, thereby reducing the use of chemical pesticides.

[0005] However, the compound fertilizer products currently on the market have different effects on rice blast control, and often lack precise formulas for specific diseases. Therefore, developing a compound fertilizer for efficient control of rice blast has become a technical challenge that needs to be solved urgently. Summary of the invention

[0006] The object of the present invention is to provide a compound fertilizer for efficiently preventing and controlling rice blast, so as to solve the problems existing in the above-mentioned prior art.

[0007] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following solutions:

[0008] One of the technical solutions of the present invention is to provide a compound fertilizer for efficiently preventing and controlling rice blast, wherein the raw materials include, by weight:

[0009] 30-50 parts of plant-derived organic fertilizer, 10-20 parts of animal-derived organic fertilizer, 1-2 parts of humic acid, 20-30 parts of functional carrier and 0.4-0.7 parts of Bacillus subtilis;

[0010] The plant-derived organic fertilizer is garlic straw-based organic fertilizer, onion straw-based organic fertilizer or rape straw-based organic fertilizer;

[0011] The animal-derived organic fertilizer is decomposed cow dung, pig dung or chicken dung.

[0012] The composting of cow dung, pig dung and chicken dung is a conventional process, or commercially available composted animal dung can be used.

[0013] Furthermore, the preparation steps of the plant-derived organic fertilizer are:

[0014] After the straw material is crushed, the moisture content is adjusted to 60-70%, and then an enzyme preparation is added to perform enzymatic hydrolysis to obtain an enzymatic hydrolysis product of the straw material;

[0015] The moisture content of the straw enzymatic hydrolysis product is adjusted to 55-65%, and a fermentation agent is added to obtain plant-derived organic fertilizer through fermentation.

[0016] Preferably, the particle size of the straw material after crushing is 1 to 5 mm.

[0017] Preferably, the enzyme preparation is added in an amount of 0.01-0.1% of the dry weight of the straw material, and is obtained by mixing cellulase, hemicellulase and pectinase in equal mass ratios.

[0018] The enzyme activities of cellulase, hemicellulase and pectinase are not less than 10000U / g.

[0019] Preferably, the enzymatic treatment is carried out for 2 to 3 days at a temperature of 40 to 50°C.

[0020] Preferably, the fermentation agent is added in an amount of 0.01-0.02% of the dry weight of the straw material, and is obtained by mixing plant lactobacillus and yeast in an equal mass ratio.

[0021] The number of viable bacteria of plant lactobacillus and yeast is not less than 10 9 cfu / g.

[0022] Preferably, the fermentation treatment lasts for 7 to 14 days at a temperature of 40 to 50°C.

[0023] The temperature must be strictly controlled during the fermentation process. If the temperature is too high, the effective ingredients (sulfur compounds, glucosinolates, etc.) in the straw material will be reduced, thereby causing the straw material to lose its antifungal effect after being prepared as organic fertilizer.

[0024] Furthermore, the functional carrier is vermiculite, bentonite or sepiolite, and the particle size is 1 to 5 mm.

[0025] Furthermore, the viable count of the Bacillus subtilis is not less than 10 9 cfu / g.

[0026] The second technical solution of the present invention is to provide a method for preparing the above-mentioned compound fertilizer for efficiently preventing and controlling rice blast, the steps comprising:

[0027] Mixing Bacillus subtilis and water to prepare a Bacillus subtilis inoculum;

[0028] After the functional carrier and humic acid are evenly mixed, the Bacillus subtilis agent is sprayed, air-dried at room temperature, and then evenly mixed with plant-derived organic fertilizer and animal-derived organic fertilizer to obtain the compound fertilizer for efficiently preventing and controlling rice blast.

[0029] Furthermore, the mass ratio of the Bacillus subtilis to water is 1:5-10.

[0030] The third technical solution of the present invention is to provide the above-mentioned compound fertilizer for efficiently preventing and controlling rice blast as a base fertilizer for preventing and controlling rice blast.

[0031] The present invention discloses the following technical effects:

[0032] The composite fertilizer prepared by the present invention combines plant-based organic fertilizers (such as garlic straw-based, onion straw-based, and rape straw-based organic fertilizers) with animal-based organic fertilizers (such as decomposed cow dung, pig dung, and chicken dung), which can not only provide comprehensive nutrients, but also utilize the antibacterial and antifungal compounds contained in the plant-based organic fertilizers to enhance the prevention and control effect of rice blast.

[0033] The humic acid added to the compound fertilizer of the present invention helps to improve the soil structure, increase the water retention and air permeability of the soil, and provide an energy source for the growth and metabolism of microorganisms; the functional carrier (vermiculite, bentonite or sepiolite) can increase the stability of fertilizer particles, prevent nutrient loss, and also provide space for microbial activities. At the same time, the functional carrier can also precipitate silicon after application, further enhancing the prevention and control effect of rice on rice blast; the addition of Bacillus subtilis can not only directly inhibit rice blast fungi, but also promote the proliferation of beneficial microorganisms in the soil, forming a healthy soil microbial community, thereby indirectly improving resistance to diseases.

[0034] The straw material is treated with enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentation to improve the availability of organic matter. At the same time, by controlling the moisture content and temperature, the retention of effective ingredients is ensured and the antifungal effect of organic fertilizer is enhanced. The use of enzyme preparations (cellulase, hemicellulase, pectinase) accelerates the decomposition of organic matter and improves the quality of fertilizer. The application of fermentation agents (plant lactobacillus and yeast) promotes the transformation of organic matter, increases the beneficial microorganisms in the fertilizer, and improves the biological activity of the soil.

[0035] The preparation and use process of the composite fertilizer of the present invention avoids dependence on chemical pesticides, reduces environmental pollution, conforms to the development direction of sustainable agriculture, can effectively meet the needs of rice growth, improves yield and quality, and reduces the occurrence of diseases. While significantly enhancing its defense ability against rice blast, it improves soil quality and ecological balance.

[0036] The resource utilization of straw can not only reduce the environmental pollution caused by straw burning, but also promote agricultural circular economy and sustainable development. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0037] Various exemplary embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail. This detailed description should not be considered as limiting the present invention, but should be understood as a more detailed description of certain aspects, features, and embodiments of the present invention.

[0038] It should be understood that the terms described in the present invention are only for describing a particular embodiment and are not intended to limit the present invention. In addition, for the numerical range in the present invention, it should be understood that each intermediate value between the upper and lower limits of the scope is also specifically disclosed. The intermediate value in any stated value or stated range, and each smaller range between any other stated value or intermediate value in the described range is also included in the present invention. The upper and lower limits of these smaller ranges can be independently included or excluded in the scope.

[0039] Unless otherwise indicated, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meanings as those generally understood by those skilled in the art. Although the present invention describes only preferred methods and materials, any methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein may also be used in the implementation or testing of the present invention. All documents mentioned in this specification are incorporated by reference to disclose and describe the methods and / or materials associated with the documents. In the event of a conflict with any incorporated document, the content of this specification shall prevail.

[0040] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations may be made to the specific embodiments of the present invention description without departing from the scope or spirit of the present invention. Other embodiments derived from the present invention description will be apparent to those skilled in the art. The present invention description and examples are exemplary only.

[0041] The words “include,” “including,” “have,” “contain,” etc. used in this document are open-ended terms, meaning including but not limited to.

[0042] The composting of animal manure is a conventional process and is not specifically limited here.

[0043] In a specific embodiment of the present invention, the raw materials used (garlic straw, onion straw, rape straw, animal-derived organic fertilizer, humic acid, functional carrier, Bacillus subtilis, enzyme preparation and fermentation agent) are all commercially available products, wherein:

[0044] The enzyme activities of cellulase, hemicellulase and pectinase are not less than 10000U / g;

[0045] The viable count of Bacillus subtilis is not less than 10 9 cfu / g;

[0046] Animal-source organic fertilizer is decomposed cow dung, but when decomposed pig manure and chicken manure are selected, it does not affect the realization of the technical effect and can be replaced equally.

[0047] In a specific embodiment of the present invention, the enzyme preparation used is obtained by mixing cellulase, hemicellulase and pectinase in equal mass ratios; the fermentation bacteria used is obtained by mixing plant lactobacillus and yeast in equal mass ratios.

[0048] Example 1

[0049] The preparation steps of the compound fertilizer for efficiently preventing and controlling rice blast are as follows:

[0050] S1. Grind the straw material (garlic straw) to a particle size of 1 to 5 mm, adjust the moisture content to 60 to 70%, then add an enzyme preparation (0.1% of the dry weight of the straw material), and perform enzymolysis treatment at 40 to 50° C. for 3 days to obtain an enzymolysis product of the straw material;

[0051] S2, adjusting the moisture content of the straw enzymatic hydrolyzate to 55-65%, adding a fermentation agent (0.02% of the dry weight of the straw material), and fermenting at 40-50° C. for 14 days to obtain a plant-derived organic fertilizer;

[0052] S3, mixing 0.7 parts of Bacillus subtilis and 5 times the mass of water to prepare a Bacillus subtilis inoculum;

[0053] S4, 30 parts of functional carriers (vermiculite, particle size between 1 and 5 mm) and 2 parts of humic acid are evenly mixed, and then the Bacillus subtilis agent prepared in step S3 is sprayed, and after air-drying at room temperature, the mixture is evenly mixed with 50 parts of plant-derived organic fertilizers prepared in step S2 and 20 parts of animal-derived organic fertilizers to obtain a compound fertilizer for efficiently preventing and controlling rice blast.

[0054] Example 2

[0055] The preparation steps of the compound fertilizer for efficiently preventing and controlling rice blast are as follows:

[0056] S1. Crush the straw material (onion straw) to a particle size of 1 to 5 mm, adjust the moisture content to 60 to 70%, then add an enzyme preparation (0.1% of the dry weight of the straw material), and perform enzymolysis treatment at 40 to 50° C. for 3 days to obtain an enzymolysis product of the straw material;

[0057] S2, adjusting the moisture content of the straw enzymatic hydrolyzate to 55-65%, adding a fermentation agent (0.02% of the dry weight of the straw material), and fermenting at 40-50° C. for 14 days to obtain a plant-derived organic fertilizer;

[0058] S3, mixing 0.7 parts of Bacillus subtilis and 10 times the mass of water to prepare a Bacillus subtilis inoculum;

[0059] S4, 30 parts of functional carrier (bentonite, particle size between 1 and 5 mm) and 2 parts of humic acid are evenly mixed, and then the Bacillus subtilis agent prepared in step S3 is sprayed, and after air-drying at room temperature, the mixture is evenly mixed with 50 parts of plant-derived organic fertilizer prepared in step S2 and 20 parts of animal-derived organic fertilizer to obtain a compound fertilizer for efficiently preventing and controlling rice blast.

[0060] Example 3

[0061] The preparation steps of the compound fertilizer for efficiently preventing and controlling rice blast are as follows:

[0062] S1. Crush the straw material (rapeseed straw) to a particle size of 1 to 5 mm, adjust the moisture content to 60 to 70%, then add an enzyme preparation (0.01% of the dry weight of the straw material), and perform enzymolysis treatment at 40 to 50° C. for 3 days to obtain an enzymolysis product of the straw material;

[0063] S2, adjusting the moisture content of the straw enzymatic hydrolyzate to 55-65%, adding a fermentation agent (0.01% of the dry weight of the straw material), and fermenting at 40-50° C. for 7 days to obtain a plant-derived organic fertilizer;

[0064] S3, mixing 0.4 parts of Bacillus subtilis and 5 times the mass of water to prepare a Bacillus subtilis inoculum;

[0065] S4, 20 parts of functional carriers (sepiolite, particle size between 1 and 5 mm) and 1 part of humic acid are evenly mixed, and then the Bacillus subtilis agent prepared in step S3 is sprayed, and after air-drying at room temperature, the mixture is evenly mixed with 30 parts of plant-derived organic fertilizers prepared in step S2 and 10 parts of animal-derived organic fertilizers to obtain a compound fertilizer for efficiently preventing and controlling rice blast.

[0066] Comparative Example 1

[0067] Compared with Example 1, the only difference is that the garlic stalks are replaced with an equal amount of corn stalks.

[0068] Comparative Example 2

[0069] Compared with Example 1, the only difference is that the vermiculite is replaced with an equal amount of activated carbon (particle size 1 to 5 mm).

[0070] Comparative Example 3

[0071] Compared with Example 1, the only difference is that Bacillus subtilis was not added.

[0072] Comparative Example 4

[0073] Compared with Example 1, the only difference is that the temperature of the fermentation treatment is 60-70°C.

[0074] Test example

[0075] The field in the same area of ​​the test base of the Institute of Plant Protection of Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences is divided into 27 plots that do not interfere with each other. The plots are flat, without pesticide damage, and the soil has good water and fertilizer retention properties. It is divided into 9 treatments, and each treatment has three plots. The rice planting method of each plot is the same, and the planting variety is Shanyou 46. When planting rice, the organic and inorganic compound fertilizer prepared by Examples 1 to 3 and Comparative Examples 1 to 4 is applied as base fertilizer (200kg / mu), using nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer (50kg / mu) as base fertilizer to control group 1, using nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer (50kg / mu) as base fertilizer to control group 2, using the same field management measures to carry out subsequent treatment, wherein, the control group 2 applies Fuji No. 1 emulsifiable concentrate (rice blast) 800 times dilution between the booting stage and the breach stage and the full heading stage, and the application amount is 50mL / mu (mu dosage of the stock solution).

[0076] During the filling and ripening stages, four corners and five centers were selected from each plot, and 150 rice plants were surveyed at each point. The incidence of rice blast (%) was calculated. The incidence of rice blast = number of infected plants / number of surveyed plants. The average value was calculated and the results are shown in Table 1.

[0077] Table 1

[0078]

[0079] As can be seen from Table 1, compared with Comparative Example 1, Examples 1 to 3 of the present invention, it can be found that the plant-derived organic fertilizer prepared by using garlic straw, onion straw or rape straw has a significantly better control effect on rice blast than other straws (corn straw). This is because garlic straw, onion straw and rape straw contain rich sulfur compounds, glucosinolates and other components, which are preserved in the organic fertilizer under the condition of temperature-controlled enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentation of the present invention, so that fungal pathogens can be effectively inhibited after application, and therefore have an excellent inhibitory and control effect on rice blast; while vermiculite is not added in Comparative Example 2, and vermiculite contains rich silicates, which release silicon after application, thereby improving the rice blast resistance of rice; and Bacillus subtilis is not added in Comparative Example 3, and the application of Bacillus subtilis can inhibit a variety of plant pathogens, including rice blast fungi, and its growth metabolites will promote the release of silicon in vermiculite, and the two synergistically further improve the control effect of rice blast. Comparative Example 4 uses a fermentation temperature higher than that of the present invention, but its control effect on rice blast is similar to that of Comparative Example 1. This is because under the condition of maintaining 60-70°C for a long time, the rich sulfur compounds, glucosinolates and other components in garlic straws, onion straws and rapeseed straws gradually decompose and inactivate, resulting in a reduction in the control effect of rice blast.

[0080] After rice harvest, the yield data are shown in Table 2.

[0081] Table 2

[0082]

[0083] It can be seen from the yield data of Examples 1 to 3 and Control 1 to 2 that the compound fertilizer for efficient prevention and control of rice blast prepared by the present invention has a certain promoting effect on rice yield on the basis of preventing and controlling rice blast.

[0084] The various embodiments in this specification are described in a progressive manner, and each embodiment focuses on the differences from other embodiments. The same or similar parts between the various embodiments can be referenced to each other.

[0085] The above description of the disclosed embodiments enables one skilled in the art to implement or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be apparent to one skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention will not be limited to the embodiments shown herein, but rather to the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A compound fertilizer for efficiently preventing and controlling rice blast, characterized in that: By mass, the raw materials include: 30-50 parts of plant-derived organic fertilizer, 10-20 parts of animal-derived organic fertilizer, 1-2 parts of humic acid, 20-30 parts of functional carrier and 0.4-0.7 parts of Bacillus subtilis; The plant-derived organic fertilizer is garlic straw-based organic fertilizer, onion straw-based organic fertilizer or rape straw-based organic fertilizer; The animal-derived organic fertilizer is decomposed cow dung, pig dung or chicken dung.

2. The compound fertilizer for efficiently preventing and controlling rice blast according to claim 1, characterized in that: The preparation steps of the plant-derived organic fertilizer are: After the straw material is crushed, the moisture content is adjusted to 60-70%, and then an enzyme preparation is added to perform enzymatic hydrolysis to obtain an enzymatic hydrolysis product of the straw material; The moisture content of the straw enzymatic hydrolysis product is adjusted to 55-65%, and a fermentation agent is added to obtain plant-derived organic fertilizer through fermentation.

3. The compound fertilizer for efficiently preventing and controlling rice blast according to claim 2, characterized in that: The particle size of the straw material after crushing is 1 to 5 mm.

4. The compound fertilizer for efficiently preventing and controlling rice blast according to claim 2, characterized in that: The enzyme preparation is added in an amount of 0.01-0.1% of the dry weight of the straw material, and is obtained by mixing cellulase, hemicellulase and pectinase in equal mass ratios.

5. The compound fertilizer for efficiently preventing and controlling rice blast according to claim 2, characterized in that: The enzymatic treatment lasts for 2 to 3 days at a temperature of 40 to 50°C.

6. The compound fertilizer for efficiently preventing and controlling rice blast according to claim 2, characterized in that: The fermentation agent is added in an amount of 0.01-0.02% of the dry weight of the straw material, and is obtained by mixing plant lactobacillus and yeast in equal mass ratios.

7. The compound fertilizer for efficiently preventing and controlling rice blast according to claim 2, characterized in that: The fermentation treatment lasts for 7 to 14 days at a temperature of 40 to 50°C.

8. The compound fertilizer for efficiently preventing and controlling rice blast according to claim 1, characterized in that: The functional carrier is vermiculite, bentonite or sepiolite, and the particle size is 1 to 5 mm.

9. A method for preparing a compound fertilizer for efficiently preventing and controlling rice blast as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the steps include: The Bacillus subtilis and water are mixed to prepare a Bacillus subtilis inoculum; After the functional carrier and humic acid are evenly mixed, the Bacillus subtilis agent is sprayed, air-dried at room temperature, and then evenly mixed with plant-derived organic fertilizer and animal-derived organic fertilizer to obtain the compound fertilizer for efficiently preventing and controlling rice blast.

10. Use of the compound fertilizer for efficiently preventing and controlling rice blast as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 8 as basal fertilizer in preventing and controlling rice blast.

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