Integrated thermal management system

Abstract

The invention provides a comprehensive heat management system, and relates to the technical field of hydrogen energy vehicles, the comprehensive heat management system comprises a fuel cell stack, a buffer tank, a low-temperature solid hydrogen storage device, a high-temperature solid hydrogen storage device, a heat exchange unit and a multi-stage heat pump unit, the low-temperature solid hydrogen storage device is communicated with the fuel cell stack through the buffer tank, and the high-temperature solid hydrogen storage device is communicated with the multi-stage heat pump unit; an exhaust pipe is arranged between the low-temperature solid hydrogen storage device and the buffer tank; a heat exchange unit for thermally connecting the low-temperature solid hydrogen storage device and the fuel cell stack is arranged between the low-temperature solid hydrogen storage device and the fuel cell stack; the high-temperature solid hydrogen storage device is communicated with the buffer tank through the multi-stage heat pump unit, the multi-stage heat pump unit is communicated with the fuel cell stack, and the multi-stage heat pump unit is used for at least absorbing heat of high-temperature hydrogen generated after dehydrogenation of the high-temperature solid hydrogen storage device and waste heat generated by the fuel cell stack and providing the heat to the high-temperature solid hydrogen storage device. The hydrogen storage system has the advantages of low energy consumption, low hydrogen storage pressure, small volume, high cold start speed, high response speed, high hydrogen storage capacity, high safety, high stability, high endurance mileage and the like.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of hydrogen energy vehicles, and in particular to an integrated thermal management system. Background Art

[0002] Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC) is gradually being used in rail transit vehicles due to its high power density, high energy conversion efficiency and zero emissions. Hydrogen rail transit vehicles require a hydrogen storage system with a high hydrogen storage density to improve the vehicle's endurance and enhance the vehicle's availability and practicality. During the use of the vehicle, it is necessary to ensure the stability and anti-leakage capability of the hydrogen storage system to reduce explosion and safety risks. In addition, long-term storage capacity is also necessary to maintain hydrogen storage capacity even when not in use for a long time, in order to reduce the complexity of vehicle management and maintenance and improve availability and flexibility.

[0003] At present, the onboard hydrogen storage method of rail transit vehicles is mostly high-pressure gaseous hydrogen storage, with an operating pressure of more than 35MPa, which has a high safety risk; at the same time, due to the low hydrogen storage density, the volume of the hydrogen storage system is relatively large, which limits the available space of the vehicle and the design and installation of the hydrogen storage system. Solid-state hydrogen storage is a physical or chemical adsorption hydrogen storage technology based on solid-state hydrogen storage materials. It has the advantages of high volume hydrogen storage density, moderate working pressure, high safety, and long-term storage. It is considered to be one of the main methods of on-board hydrogen storage in the future.

[0004] Low-temperature solid-state hydrogen storage materials such as titanium-manganese, lanthanum-nickel and vanadium-titanium can absorb and release hydrogen quickly at low temperatures. The use of the above hydrogen storage materials has a short startup time and fast response. However, the mass hydrogen storage density is low, making it difficult to meet the hydrogen storage requirements on rail transit vehicles. On the other hand, the theoretical hydrogen storage capacity of magnesium alloy hydrogen storage materials is as high as 7.6wt%, which can meet the hydrogen storage needs of rail transit, but the hydrogen filling and decompression temperatures are as high as 300°C, resulting in a long startup time for the equipment, increased comprehensive energy consumption, and is not conducive to actual vehicle-mounted applications.

[0005] In this regard, patent CN217714541U discloses a composite solid-state hydrogen storage system, including a high-temperature hydrogen storage alloy tank, a low-temperature hydrogen storage alloy tank and a hydrogen charging and discharging circuit. When discharging hydrogen, the low-temperature hydrogen storage alloy tank first supplies hydrogen to the outside, and at the same time, the high-temperature hydrogen storage alloy tank electric heater is started to raise the temperature inside the tank to the hydrogen discharging temperature. When the low-temperature hydrogen storage alloy tank finishes discharging hydrogen, it switches to the high-temperature hydrogen storage alloy tank to discharge hydrogen. Although this invention effectively solves the problems of low capacity of low-temperature hydrogen storage alloys and long start-up time of high-temperature hydrogen storage alloys, it uses electric heating, which reduces the overall efficiency of the system. In addition, in actual applications, solid-state hydrogen storage devices need to meet application requirements under various climatic conditions, and the system does not solve the problem of hydrogen supply during cold start under low temperature conditions.

[0006] When the external environment is below 0℃, especially below -20℃, the traditional fuel cell uses the PTC heater to heat the entire system to reach the working state during cold start, and the entire cycle takes up to 20 to 30 minutes. This process not only consumes a lot of electricity but also takes too long to start. Summary of the invention

[0007] The object of the present invention is to provide a comprehensive thermal management system having the advantages of low energy consumption, low hydrogen storage pressure, small hydrogen storage system volume, fast cold start rate, fast response speed, high hydrogen storage capacity, high safety, high stability and high cruising range.

[0008] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0009] The present invention provides a comprehensive thermal management system, comprising a fuel cell stack, a buffer tank, a low-temperature solid-state hydrogen storage device, a high-temperature solid-state hydrogen storage device, a heat exchange unit and a multi-stage heat pump unit, wherein:

[0010] The low-temperature solid-state hydrogen storage device is connected to the fuel cell stack through the buffer tank to supply hydrogen to the fuel cell stack, an exhaust pipe for transferring the hydrogen in the buffer tank back to the low-temperature solid-state hydrogen storage device is provided between the low-temperature solid-state hydrogen storage device and the buffer tank, and a heat exchange unit for thermally connecting the low-temperature solid-state hydrogen storage device and the fuel cell stack is provided between the low-temperature solid-state hydrogen storage device and the fuel cell stack;

[0011] The high-temperature solid-state hydrogen storage device is connected to the buffer tank through the multi-stage heat pump unit to supply hydrogen from the buffer tank to the fuel cell stack. The multi-stage heat pump unit is connected to the fuel cell stack. The multi-stage heat pump unit is used to absorb at least the heat of the high-temperature hydrogen after dehydrogenation of the high-temperature solid-state hydrogen storage device and the waste heat generated by the fuel cell stack and provide them to the high-temperature solid-state hydrogen storage device.

[0012] Further, the heat exchange unit includes a heat exchanger, a coolant circulation loop is formed between the heat exchanger and the fuel cell stack, a first liquid discharge pipe and a first liquid inlet pipe are connected between the coolant circulation loop and the multi-stage heat pump unit, the first liquid discharge pipe is used to input the coolant in the coolant circulation loop into the multi-stage heat pump unit for heat exchange and cooling, and the first liquid inlet pipe is used to receive the coolant after heat exchange and input it back to the coolant circulation loop;

[0013] A first heat exchange liquid circulation loop is formed between the low-temperature solid hydrogen storage device and the heat exchanger, and the first heat exchange liquid circulation loop and the coolant circulation loop perform heat exchange through the heat exchanger.

[0014] Furthermore, the first liquid discharge pipe is provided with a flow distribution valve for adjusting the flow of the coolant in the first liquid discharge pipe.

[0015] Furthermore, it also includes a first cooling branch for cooling the heat exchange fluid in the first heat exchange fluid circulation loop through the heat exchanger;

[0016] One end of the first cooling branch is connected to the coolant circulation circuit at the coolant inlet of the heat exchanger through a first three-way reversing valve, and the other end is connected to the coolant circulation circuit at the coolant outlet of the heat exchanger through a second three-way reversing valve.

[0017] Furthermore, the multi-stage heat pump unit includes a first heat pump system, which has a first air inlet, a first air outlet, a first liquid inlet and a first liquid outlet, the first air inlet is connected to the high-temperature solid-state hydrogen storage device, the first air outlet is connected to the buffer tank, and the first liquid inlet and the first liquid outlet are both connected to the high-temperature solid-state hydrogen storage device to form a second heat exchange liquid circulation loop.

[0018] Furthermore, the multi-stage heat pump unit includes a second heat pump system, which has a second liquid inlet, a second liquid outlet, a third liquid inlet and a third liquid outlet, the second liquid inlet is connected to the first liquid discharge pipe, the second liquid outlet is connected to the first liquid inlet pipe, and the third liquid inlet and the third liquid outlet are both connected to the high-temperature solid-state hydrogen storage device to form a third heat exchange liquid circulation loop.

[0019] Furthermore, it also includes an air supply unit connected to the multi-stage heat pump unit, and the air supply unit is used to transport the pressurized high-temperature air to the multi-stage heat pump unit for heat exchange and cooling and receive the air after heat exchange.

[0020] Furthermore, the multi-stage heat pump unit includes a third heat pump system, which has a second air inlet, a second air outlet, a fourth liquid inlet and a fourth liquid outlet, the second air inlet and the second air outlet are both connected to the air supply unit, and the fourth liquid inlet and the fourth liquid outlet are both connected to the high-temperature solid-state hydrogen storage device to form a third heat exchange liquid circulation loop.

[0021] Furthermore, it also includes a second cooling branch for cooling the high-temperature solid-state hydrogen storage device, and both ends of the second cooling branch are connected to the high-temperature solid-state hydrogen storage device.

[0022] Furthermore, it also includes a hydrogen charging unit connected to the low-temperature solid-state hydrogen storage device and the high-temperature solid-state hydrogen storage device, and / or includes a control unit that receives various environmental signals in the system and controls the opening and closing of various valves and pumps in the system.

[0023] The comprehensive thermal management system provided by the present invention can produce the following beneficial effects:

[0024] 1. The multi-stage heat pump unit in the comprehensive thermal management system provided by the present invention can use at least the waste heat generated by the fuel cell stack and the high-temperature hydrogen after dehydrogenation of the high-temperature solid-state hydrogen storage device as a driving heat source, and recycle it to the high-temperature solid-state hydrogen storage device. The heat exchange unit can use the waste heat generated by the fuel cell stack as a driving heat source and recycle it to the low-temperature solid-state hydrogen storage device to heat the low-temperature and high-temperature solid-state hydrogen storage devices, thereby realizing the recycling of waste heat of the solid-state hydrogen storage and fuel cell integrated system, avoiding the necessity of using an external heater when dehydrogenating low-temperature and high-temperature metal hydrides, reducing energy consumption and improving the overall efficiency of the system;

[0025] 2. When the integrated thermal management system provided by the present invention is in operation, the heat exchange unit and the multi-stage heat pump unit can recover most of the waste heat of the fuel cell, thus playing the role of heat dissipation. The fuel cell can be provided with a small radiator for auxiliary heat dissipation, and there is no need for a high-power radiator to cool the fuel cell, thereby reducing energy consumption, reducing the volume of the fuel cell system, and significantly reducing the volume of the hydrogen storage system.

[0026] 3. During cold start, the low-temperature solid-state hydrogen storage device can be filled with hydrogen through the buffer tank. The low-temperature solid-state hydrogen storage device releases heat during hydrogen filling, and the heat is transferred to the fuel cell through the heat exchange unit, which can further accelerate the cold start rate of the fuel cell, reduce energy consumption and achieve rapid low-temperature response.

[0027] 4. Hydrogen is supplied through low-temperature and high-temperature solid-state hydrogen storage devices and buffer tanks to ensure high safety and high stability during fuel cell operation and high cruising range of hydrogen rail transit vehicles. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0028] In order to more clearly illustrate the specific implementation methods of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the specific implementation methods or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some implementation methods of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0029] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the structure of an integrated thermal management system provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of a partial structure of an integrated thermal management system provided by an embodiment of the present invention Figure 1 ;

[0031] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of a partial structure of an integrated thermal management system provided by an embodiment of the present invention Figure 2 ;

[0032] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of a partial structure of an integrated thermal management system provided by an embodiment of the present invention Figure 3 ;

[0033] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of a partial structure of an integrated thermal management system provided by an embodiment of the present invention Figure 4 ;

[0034] Figure 6 A schematic diagram of a partial structure of an integrated thermal management system provided by an embodiment of the present invention Figure 5 ;

[0035] Figure 7 A process flow diagram of a comprehensive thermal management system provided by an embodiment of the present invention.

[0036] Icons: 1-fuel cell stack; 2-buffer tank; 21-boost pump; 22-first check valve; 23-pressure relief valve; 24-flame arrester; 3-low-temperature solid hydrogen storage device; 31-first proportional valve; 4-high-temperature solid hydrogen storage device; 41-second proportional valve; 5-heat exchange unit; 51-first high-pressure water pump; 52-first thermometer; 53-first three-way valve; 54-first three-way reversing valve; 55-heat exchanger; 56-second three-way reversing valve; 57-thermostat; 58-radiator; 59-second high-pressure water pump; 510-second thermometer; 511-first pressure gauge; 512-first flowmeter; 513-expansion expansion tank; 514-deionizer; 515-flow distribution valve; 6-multi-stage heat pump unit; 61-first heat pump system; 611-first evaporator; 612-first condenser; 613-first working fluid pipeline 1; 614-second working fluid pipeline 1; 615-first compressor; 616-first thermal expansion valve; 62-second heat pump system; 621-second evaporator; 622-second condenser; 623-first working fluid pipeline 2; 624-second working fluid pipeline 2; 625-second compressor; 626-second thermal expansion valve; 63-third heat pump system; 631-third evaporator; 632-third condenser device; 633 - first working fluid pipeline three; 634 - second working fluid pipeline three; 635 - third compressor; 636 - third thermal expansion valve; 7 - hydrogen supply branch; 71 - second pressure gauge; 72 - third temperature gauge; 73 - pressure reducing valve; 74 - first solenoid valve; 75 - third proportional valve; 76 - ejector; 77 - proportional unloading valve; 8 - air supply unit; 81 - air filter; 82 - gas mass flow meter; 83 - air compressor; 84 - stop valve; 85 - humidifier; 9 - hydrogen charging unit; 91 - hydrogen charging port; 92 - second solenoid valve; 93 - second check valve; 10 - first cooling branch; 101 - first Cold water system; 102-third high-pressure water pump; 103-first refrigeration unit; 011-second cooling branch; 0111-second cold water system; 0112-fourth temperature gauge; 0113-third pressure gauge; 0114-third flow meter; 0115-second refrigeration unit; 0116-fourth high-pressure water pump; 012-exhaust pipe; 013-cooling liquid circulation loop; 014-first discharge pipe; 015-first liquid inlet pipe; 016-first heat exchange liquid circulation loop; 017-second heat exchange liquid circulation loop; 018-third heat exchange liquid circulation loop; 019-fourth heat exchange liquid circulation loop; 020-control unit. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0037] The technical solution of the present invention will be described clearly and completely below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of them. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0038] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", etc., indicating the orientation or positional relationship, are based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as limiting the present invention. In addition, the terms "first", "second", and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0039] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "installed", "connected", and "connected" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection, or it can be indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, or it can be the internal communication of two components. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0040] The specific implementation of the present invention is described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the specific implementation described here is only used to illustrate and explain the present invention, and is not used to limit the present invention.

[0041] The embodiment of the first aspect of the present invention is to provide a comprehensive thermal management system integrating solid-state hydrogen storage and fuel cells for hydrogen rail vehicles, such as Figure 1 and Figure 7 As shown, it includes a fuel cell stack 1, a buffer tank 2, a low-temperature solid-state hydrogen storage device 3, a high-temperature solid-state hydrogen storage device 4, a heat exchange unit 5 and a multi-stage heat pump unit 6, wherein:

[0042] The low-temperature solid-state hydrogen storage device 3 is connected to the fuel cell stack 1 through the buffer tank 2 to supply hydrogen to the fuel cell stack 1. An exhaust pipe 012 for transferring the hydrogen in the buffer tank 2 back to the low-temperature solid-state hydrogen storage device 3 is provided between the low-temperature solid-state hydrogen storage device 3 and the buffer tank 2. A heat exchange unit 5 for thermally connecting the low-temperature solid-state hydrogen storage device 3 and the fuel cell stack 1 is provided between the low-temperature solid-state hydrogen storage device 3 and the fuel cell stack 1.

[0043] The high-temperature solid-state hydrogen storage device 4 is connected to the buffer tank 2 through a multi-stage heat pump unit 6 to supply hydrogen from the buffer tank 2 to the fuel cell stack 1. The multi-stage heat pump unit 6 is connected to the fuel cell stack 1. The multi-stage heat pump unit 6 is used to absorb at least the heat of the high-temperature hydrogen after dehydrogenation of the high-temperature solid-state hydrogen storage device 4 and the waste heat generated by the fuel cell stack 1 and provide them to the high-temperature solid-state hydrogen storage device 4.

[0044] The low-temperature solid-state hydrogen storage device 3 and the high-temperature solid-state hydrogen storage device 4 both store hydrogen storage alloys. The hydrogen release process of the hydrogen storage alloy is an endothermic process, and the hydrogen release rate needs to be increased by heating. In the comprehensive thermal management system provided by the above embodiment, the waste heat generated by the fuel cell stack 1 can be recovered and provided to the low-temperature solid-state hydrogen storage device 3. At the same time, the waste heat generated by the fuel cell stack 1 and the heat of the high-temperature hydrogen after the high-temperature solid-state hydrogen storage device 4 itself dehydrogenates can be recovered by the multi-stage heat pump unit 6 to the high-temperature solid-state hydrogen storage device 4, which plays a role in reducing energy consumption and improving the overall efficiency of the system. Based on this, the fuel cell does not need to be equipped with a large radiator, and only a small radiator is configured to assist in heat dissipation, which reduces the volume and cost of the fuel cell.

[0045] When the external environment is below 0°C, especially below -20°C, when a traditional fuel cell is cold-started, the startup cycle is as long as 20 to 30 minutes. In the comprehensive thermal management system provided in the above embodiment, the low-temperature solid-state hydrogen storage device 3 can be filled with hydrogen through the buffer tank 2. The low-temperature solid-state hydrogen storage device 3 releases heat during hydrogen filling, and the heat is transferred to the fuel cell through the heat exchange unit 5, which can effectively shorten the startup cycle and achieve rapid low-temperature response.

[0046] Specifically, the buffer tank 2 can stably supply hydrogen for 5-10 minutes and has a volume of 1.5-2.5m 3 The pressure range is 0.1-10Mpa.

[0047] A hydrogen supply branch 7 is provided between the buffer tank 2 and the fuel cell stack 1, and a second pressure gauge 71, a third temperature gauge 72, a pressure reducing valve 73, a first solenoid valve 74, a third proportional valve 75, an ejector 76 and a proportional unloading valve 77 are provided on the hydrogen supply branch 7 in sequence. The pressure reducing pressure of the pressure reducing valve 73 is set to 0.8-1.6 MPa, and the pressure reducing pressure is set according to the front end pressure required for a better ejection effect of the ejector 76.

[0048] In some embodiments, Figure 2 As shown, the heat exchange unit 5 includes a heat exchanger 55, and the heat exchanger 55 can be a plate heat exchanger. A coolant circulation loop 013 is formed between the heat exchanger 55 and the fuel cell stack 1. The high-temperature coolant in the fuel cell stack 1 can enter the coolant inlet of the heat exchanger 55 from the coolant circulation loop 013, and then be discharged from the coolant outlet of the heat exchanger 55 after heat exchange in the heat exchanger 55.

[0049] Among them, a first high-pressure water pump 51, a first thermometer 52 and a first three-way valve 53 are provided on the coolant circulation loop 013 between the coolant inlet of the heat exchanger 55 and the fuel cell stack 1, and a thermostat 57, a radiator 58, an expansion water tank 513 and a deionizer 514 are provided on the coolant circulation loop 013 between the coolant outlet of the heat exchanger 55 and the fuel cell stack 1.

[0050] Specifically, Figure 2 As shown, a first liquid discharge pipe 014 and a first liquid inlet pipe 015 are connected between the coolant circulation loop 013 and the multi-stage heat pump unit 6; the first liquid discharge pipe 014 is connected to the coolant circulation loop 013 through the first three-way valve 53, and the first liquid discharge pipe 014 is used to input the coolant discharged from the fuel cell stack 1 into the coolant circulation loop 013 into the multi-stage heat pump unit 6 for heat exchange and cooling; the first liquid inlet pipe 015 is connected to the coolant circulation loop 013 through the thermostat 57, and the first liquid inlet pipe 015 is used to receive the coolant discharged from the multi-stage heat pump unit 6 after heat exchange and input it back to the coolant circulation loop 013;

[0051] like Figure 2 As shown, a first heat exchange liquid circulation loop 016 is formed between the low-temperature solid hydrogen storage device 3 and the heat exchanger 55 , and the first heat exchange liquid circulation loop 016 and the cooling liquid circulation loop 013 perform heat exchange through the heat exchanger 55 .

[0052] The low-temperature solid hydrogen storage device 3 is provided with a heat exchange liquid inlet, a heat exchange liquid outlet and a hydrogen supply port, as well as a buffer tank hydrogenation port connected to the exhaust pipe 012; the heat exchange liquid inlet is connected to the liquid outlet of the heat exchanger 55 through the first heat exchange liquid circulation loop 016; the heat exchange liquid outlet is connected to the liquid inlet of the heat exchanger 55 through the first heat exchange liquid circulation loop 016.

[0053] Specifically, the low-temperature solid-state hydrogen storage device 3 and the high-temperature solid-state hydrogen storage device 4 can store hydrogen storage alloys with hydrogenation and dehydrogenation functions, and the hydrogen storage alloys are used to provide hydrogen for the fuel cell stack 1 to generate electricity. The low-temperature and high-temperature solid-state hydrogen storage devices are provided with heat exchangers, and the heat exchangers are provided with inlets and outlets, and the heat exchange fluid required for cooling or heating flows therein. Both the low-temperature and high-temperature solid-state hydrogen storage devices contain an aerogel insulation layer.

[0054] The hydrogen storage alloy particles in the low-temperature solid-state hydrogen storage device 3 can be lanthanum-nickel series, titanium-iron series, titanium-manganese series, vanadium-zirconium series, zirconium-manganese series alloys, etc.

[0055] In at least one embodiment, titanium-manganese alloy is stored in the low-temperature solid-state hydrogen storage device 3, and about 4000 kg of hydrogen storage alloy is loaded. The effective hydrogen storage capacity of the low-temperature solid-state hydrogen storage device 3 is about 72 kg. The dehydrogenation process of the hydrogen storage alloy is an endothermic process, and the dehydrogenation rate needs to be increased by heating, and the operating temperature range of the hydrogen storage alloy is 20-90 ° C. The heat exchanger 55 in the above embodiment can transfer the heat generated by the fuel cell stack 1 to the low-temperature solid-state hydrogen storage device 3 through the first heat exchange liquid circulation loop 016 to heat the low-temperature solid-state hydrogen storage material in the low-temperature solid-state hydrogen storage device 3 and generate hydrogen. The hydrogen flows into the buffer tank 2 through the hydrogen supply port, reducing the necessity of using an external heater for the low-temperature solid-state hydrogen storage device 3. When the system is cold-started, the low-temperature solid-state hydrogen storage device 3 can be charged with hydrogen through the buffer tank 2, and the first heat exchange liquid circulation loop 016 transfers the heat released by the low-temperature solid-state hydrogen storage device 3 to the fuel cell stack 1 through the coolant circulation loop 013 to increase the cold start rate.

[0056] Among them, Figure 2 As shown, a second high-pressure water pump 59, a second thermometer 510, a first pressure gauge 511 and a first flow meter 512 are provided on the first heat exchange liquid circulation loop 016 between the heat exchange liquid outlet of the low-temperature solid hydrogen storage device 3 and the liquid inlet of the heat exchanger 55.

[0057] In some embodiments, Figure 2 As shown, a flow distribution valve 515 for adjusting the flow of coolant in the first liquid discharge pipe 014 is provided on the first liquid discharge pipe 014 .

[0058] When in use, the flow rate of the coolant entering the heat exchanger 55 can be dynamically adjusted by changing the opening of the flow distribution valve 515, thereby realizing active thermal management of the low-temperature solid hydrogen storage device 3 and ensuring the accuracy of hydrogen supply of the low-temperature solid hydrogen storage device 3. At the same time, the fluid resistance in the first liquid discharge pipe 014 is much smaller than the flow resistance in the heat exchanger 55, and the first three-way valve 53 can be controlled to allow the coolant carrying heat to flow directly into the multi-stage heat pump unit 6, thereby preventing the temperature of the low-temperature solid hydrogen storage device 3 from being too high.

[0059] The low-temperature solid hydrogen storage device 3 releases a large amount of heat when charging hydrogen, and the cooling unit needs to dissipate heat in time to ensure that its operating temperature is below 10°C. Therefore, in some embodiments, Figure 3 As shown, the integrated thermal management system also includes a first cooling branch 10 for cooling the heat exchange liquid in the first heat exchange liquid circulation loop 016 through the heat exchanger 55; one end of the first cooling branch 10 is connected to the coolant circulation loop 013 at the coolant inlet of the heat exchanger 55 through the first three-way reversing valve 54, and the other end of the first cooling branch 10 is connected to the coolant circulation loop 013 at the coolant outlet of the heat exchanger 55 through the second three-way reversing valve 56.

[0060] When the first three-way reversing valve 54 and the second three-way reversing valve 56 are in the first position, the coolant in the coolant circulation loop 013 exchanges heat with the first heat exchange liquid circulation loop 016 through the heat exchanger 55, thereby increasing the temperature of the heat exchange liquid in the first heat exchange liquid circulation loop 016; when the first three-way reversing valve 54 and the second three-way reversing valve 56 are in the second position, the first cooling branch 10 exchanges heat with the first heat exchange liquid circulation loop 016 through the heat exchanger 55, thereby reducing the temperature of the heat exchange liquid in the first heat exchange liquid circulation loop 016, thereby achieving the purpose of heat dissipation for the low-temperature solid hydrogen storage device 3.

[0061] Among them, Figure 3 As shown, the first cooling branch 10 is provided with a first cold water system 101 , a third high-pressure water pump 102 and a first refrigeration unit 103 .

[0062] In some embodiments, Figure 4 As shown, the multi-stage heat pump unit 6 includes a first heat pump system 61, which has a first air inlet, a first air outlet, a first liquid inlet and a first liquid outlet. The first air inlet is connected to the high-temperature solid-state hydrogen storage device 4, the first air outlet is connected to the buffer tank 2, and the first liquid inlet and the first liquid outlet are both connected to the high-temperature solid-state hydrogen storage device 4 to form a second heat exchange liquid circulation loop 017.

[0063] The first heat pump system 61 can absorb the heat of the high-temperature hydrogen released by the high-temperature solid-state hydrogen storage device 4 and recover it to the high-temperature solid-state hydrogen storage device 4 , thereby reducing the necessity of using an external heater for the high-temperature solid-state hydrogen storage device 4 .

[0064] The first heat pump system 61 includes a first evaporator 611 and a first condenser 612. A first working fluid pipeline 613 and a second working fluid pipeline 614 are connected between the first evaporator 611 and the first condenser 612. A first compressor 615 is provided on the first working fluid pipeline 613. A first thermal expansion valve 616 is provided on the second working fluid pipeline 614. The first condenser 612 is connected to the high-temperature solid hydrogen storage device 4 through a second heat exchange liquid circulation loop 017.

[0065] When in use, the high-temperature hydrogen discharged from the high-temperature solid hydrogen storage device 4 enters the first evaporator 611 through the first air inlet, and after heat exchange with the second heat exchange liquid circulation loop 017, enters the booster pump 21 from the first air outlet of the first evaporator 611, and enters the buffer tank 2 through the booster pump 21 and the first check valve 22. The booster pump 21 is turned on when the fuel cell stack is about to stop working, and the hydrogen released by the low-temperature solid hydrogen storage device 3 and the high-temperature solid hydrogen storage device 4 is pressurized to 2-3MPa to meet the hydrogen demand when the fuel cell is started (especially cold start).

[0066] like Figure 1As shown, a second proportional valve 41 may be provided between the first evaporator 611 and the booster pump 21 , and a first proportional valve 31 may be provided between the booster pump 21 and the hydrogen supply port of the low-temperature solid hydrogen storage device 3 .

[0067] In some embodiments, Figure 1 As shown, the connection points of the second proportional valve 41, the first proportional valve 31 and the booster pump 21 are also connected to the pressure relief valve 23 and the flame arrester 24 through pipelines. The low-temperature and high-temperature solid hydrogen storage devices have hydrogen channels to prevent emergency pressure relief due to excessive pressure, and the hydrogen in the low-temperature and high-temperature solid hydrogen storage devices can be directly discharged through the pressure relief valve 23 and the flame arrester 24 in turn.

[0068] In some embodiments, Figure 5 As shown, the multi-stage heat pump unit 6 includes a second heat pump system 62, which has a second liquid inlet, a second liquid outlet, a third liquid inlet and a third liquid outlet. The second liquid inlet is connected to the first liquid discharge pipe 014, the second liquid outlet is connected to the first liquid inlet pipe 015, and the third liquid inlet and the third liquid outlet are both connected to the high-temperature solid hydrogen storage device 4 to form a third heat exchange liquid circulation loop 018.

[0069] The second heat pump system 62 can absorb waste heat generated by the fuel cell stack 1 and recover it to the high-temperature solid-state hydrogen storage device 4 , thereby reducing the necessity of using an external heater for the high-temperature solid-state hydrogen storage device 4 .

[0070] Similar in structure to the first heat pump system 61, the second heat pump system 62 includes a second evaporator 621 and a second condenser 622. The second evaporator 621 and the second condenser 622 are connected by a first working fluid pipeline 623 and a second working fluid pipeline 624. The first working fluid pipeline 623 is provided with a second compressor 625, and the second working fluid pipeline 624 is provided with a second thermal expansion valve 626. The second condenser 622 is connected to the high-temperature solid hydrogen storage device 4 through a third heat exchange liquid circulation loop 018.

[0071] When in use, the high-temperature coolant discharged from the first liquid discharge pipe 014 enters the second evaporator 621 through the second liquid inlet, exchanges heat with the third heat exchange liquid circulation loop 018, enters the first liquid inlet pipe 015 from the second liquid outlet, and finally enters the coolant circulation loop 013.

[0072] In some embodiments, Figure 6 As shown, the multi-stage heat pump unit 6 includes a third heat pump system 63, the third heat pump system 63 has a second air inlet, a second air outlet, a fourth liquid inlet and a fourth liquid outlet, the second air inlet and the second air outlet are both used to connect with the air supply unit 8, the fourth liquid inlet and the fourth liquid outlet are both connected with the high-temperature solid hydrogen storage device 4 to form a fourth heat exchange liquid circulation loop 019.

[0073] The third heat pump system 63 can absorb the heat of the high-temperature air pressurized by the air supply unit 8 and recover it to the high-temperature solid-state hydrogen storage device 4 , thereby reducing the necessity of using an external heater for the high-temperature solid-state hydrogen storage device 4 .

[0074] Similar in structure to the first heat pump system 61, the third heat pump system 63 includes a third evaporator 631 and a third condenser 632. The third evaporator 631 and the third condenser 632 are connected via a first working fluid pipeline 3 633 and a second working fluid pipeline 3 634. The first working fluid pipeline 3 633 is provided with a third compressor 635. The second working fluid pipeline 3 634 is provided with a third thermal expansion valve 636. The third condenser 632 is connected to the high-temperature solid hydrogen storage device 4 via a fourth heat exchange liquid circulation loop 019.

[0075] When in use, the high-temperature air exhausted by the air supply unit 8 enters the third evaporator 631 through the second air inlet, exchanges heat with the fourth heat exchange liquid circulation loop 019 and cools before entering the air supply unit 8 from the second air outlet, and finally enters the fuel cell stack 1.

[0076] In some embodiments, the integrated thermal management system includes an air supply unit 8 connected to the multi-stage heat pump unit 6, and the air supply unit 8 is used to transport the pressurized high-temperature air to the third heat pump system 63 for heat exchange and cooling and receive the heat-exchanged air.

[0077] Specifically, Figure 6 As shown, the air supply unit 8 includes an air filter 81, a gas mass flow meter 82 and an air compressor 83 connected to the second air inlet of the third heat pump system 63, and a stop valve 84 and a humidifier 85 connected to the second air outlet of the third heat pump system 63. When in use, the air filter 81 filters the air and delivers it to the air compressor 83 under the control of the gas mass flow meter 82; since the temperature of the air will increase during the compression process, the heat of the compressed and heated air is absorbed by the third evaporator 631, and the cooled pressurized air is humidified by the humidifier 85 and then delivered to the fuel cell stack 1 to meet the hydration needs of the proton exchange membrane.

[0078] The following specifically describes the use state of the multi-stage heat pump unit 6 by taking the multi-stage heat pump unit 6 including the first heat pump system 61, the second heat pump system 62 and the third heat pump system 63 as an example:

[0079] When the air compressor 83 starts working, the high-temperature air at the outlet of the air compressor 83 enters the third evaporator 631 through the air duct, and the temperature is reduced by the third evaporator 631 to cool the air. At the same time, the third evaporator 631 recovers the heat in the high-temperature air and uses the heat as a driving heat source to vaporize the heat pump working fluid. The outer ring of the high-temperature solid hydrogen storage device 4 is a phase change heat storage material, and the interior is a pressure vessel filled with magnesium-based solid hydrogen storage material. The heat is transferred to the working fluid in the fourth heat exchange liquid circulation loop 019 through the third heat pump system 63; when the fuel cell stack 1 starts working, the fuel cell When the temperature of the coolant at the outlet of the stack 1 is too high, the flow distribution valve 515 is opened to increase the coolant flow entering the second evaporator 621, and the temperature of the coolant is reduced. At the same time, the second evaporator 621 recovers the heat in the coolant, and uses the heat in the coolant as the driving heat source to vaporize the heat pump working fluid, and transfers the heat to the working fluid in the third heat exchange liquid circulation loop 018 through the second heat pump system 62, and cooperates with the third heat pump system 63 to heat the phase change heat storage material in the outer ring of the high-temperature solid hydrogen storage device 4, providing the temperature and pressure required by the high-temperature solid hydrogen storage device 4, so as to dehydrogenate the magnesium-based solid hydrogen storage material. The high-temperature hydrogen after dehydrogenation enters the first evaporator 611 through the hydrogen pipeline, and the temperature is reduced by the first evaporator 611 to cool the high-temperature hydrogen. At the same time, the first evaporator 611 recovers the heat in the high-temperature hydrogen, and uses the heat as the driving heat source to vaporize the heat pump working fluid, and transfers the heat to the working fluid in the second heat exchange liquid circulation loop 017 through the first heat pump system 61, and heats the phase change heat storage material in the outer ring of the high-temperature solid hydrogen storage device 4.

[0080] The high-temperature solid-state hydrogen storage device 4 may contain magnesium-based alloys, with about 5,500 kg of hydrogen storage alloys. The effective hydrogen storage capacity of the high-temperature solid-state hydrogen storage device 4 is about 350 kg, and the dehydrogenation temperature range of the magnesium-based alloy is 300-350°C. The multi-stage heat pump unit 6 uses the waste heat of different substances as a driving heat source, and uses a heat pump device to further improve the heat quality. The first, second and third heat pump systems jointly heat and dehydrogenate the magnesium-based solid-state hydrogen storage material in the high-temperature solid-state hydrogen storage device 4.

[0081] The high-temperature solid-state hydrogen storage device 4 releases a large amount of heat when charging hydrogen, and the cooling unit needs to dissipate heat in time to ensure that its operating temperature is below 10° C. Therefore, in some embodiments, the integrated thermal management system further includes a second cooling branch 011 for cooling the high-temperature solid-state hydrogen storage device 4, and both ends of the second cooling branch 011 are connected to the high-temperature solid-state hydrogen storage device 4.

[0082] Among them, Figure 1 As shown, the second cooling branch 011 is provided with a second cold water system 0111, a fourth temperature gauge 0112, a third pressure gauge 0113, a third flow meter 0114, a second refrigeration unit 0115 and a fourth high-pressure water pump 0116.

[0083] Specifically, the first refrigeration unit 103 and the second refrigeration unit 0115 can use power-consuming refrigeration, which is supplied by the hydrogenation station. The refrigeration unit COP=4, and the refrigeration power is above 200kW.

[0084] In some embodiments, a hydrogen charging unit 9 is also included, and both the low-temperature solid-state hydrogen storage device 3 and the high-temperature solid-state hydrogen storage device 4 are provided with a hydrogen charging port connected to the hydrogen charging unit 9. The hydrogen charging unit 9 includes a hydrogen charging port 91 connected to an external hydrogenation gun, a second solenoid valve 92 for controlling a hydrogenation switch, and a second check valve 93 for preventing hydrogen in the pipeline from flowing back to the hydrogen charging port 91.

[0085] In some embodiments, the integrated thermal management system includes a control unit 020, which can receive temperature signals, pressure signals, and hydrogen concentration signals of the entire system to control the opening and closing of various valves, circulation pumps, booster pumps, and multi-stage heat pump systems.

[0086] For example, when in use, a control strategy can be formulated according to the demand for hydrogen pressure of the fuel cell stack 1 to monitor the hydrogen pressure in the low-temperature and high-temperature solid-state hydrogen storage devices in real time. When the hydrogen storage capacity of the low-temperature or high-temperature solid-state hydrogen storage device is low and the released hydrogen pressure is insufficient to meet the hydrogen supply pressure demand, the control unit 020 controls the boost pump 21 to boost the rear end of the hydrogen outlet of the low-temperature and high-temperature solid-state hydrogen storage device in real time to meet the demand. When the ambient temperature is too low, the control unit 020 controls the boost pump 21 to boost the rear end of the hydrogen outlet of the low-temperature and high-temperature solid-state hydrogen storage device in real time to increase the hydrogen storage capacity of the buffer tank 2 to meet the hydrogen demand for rapid cold start of the fuel cell.

[0087] In the comprehensive thermal management system provided by the above-mentioned embodiments, a low-temperature solid-state hydrogen storage device 3 and a high-temperature solid-state hydrogen storage device 4 are provided to store and supply hydrogen. Compared with the high-pressure gaseous hydrogen storage system, the entire hydrogen storage system reduces the hydrogen storage and hydrogen filling pressure, specifically not exceeding 5MPa. The volumetric hydrogen storage density is increased, and the total volume is only 50% of that of the high-pressure gaseous hydrogen storage system. The effective hydrogen storage capacity is increased. Due to weight limitations, the hydrogen storage capacity is increased from 190kg to 422kg, an increase of 1.22 times. The system safety, system flexibility and cruising range are effectively improved. In addition, the entire hydrogen storage system has a high comprehensive thermal efficiency.

[0088] The various use states of the above-mentioned integrated thermal management system are specifically described below through a specific embodiment:

[0089] 1) Startup status

[0090] The fuel cell stack 1 is started, and the buffer tank 2 is opened at the same time. The buffer tank 2 can stably supply hydrogen for 5-10 minutes. The hydrogen enters the fuel cell stack to react and generate heat. The temperature of the coolant flowing out of the fuel cell stack 1 continues to rise. The first temperature gauge 52 at the outlet of the fuel cell stack 1 monitors the temperature T of the coolant in real time. out Higher than the preset value T L , the coolant begins to enter the heat exchanger 55 in the heat exchange unit 5 for heat exchange and cooling. The coolant after flowing out enters the radiator 58 and cools to the set temperature before entering the fuel cell stack 1. The heat exchange liquid inside the low-temperature solid hydrogen storage device 3 carries heat through the heat exchanger 55 to heat the titanium-manganese hydrogen storage alloy inside the low-temperature solid hydrogen storage device 3. The titanium-manganese hydrogen storage alloy releases hydrogen, and the hydrogen flows into the buffer tank 2 to meet the hydrogen demand of the fuel cell stack 1. When the low-temperature solid hydrogen storage device 3 alone meets the hydrogen supply demand of the fuel cell stack, the heat consumed by dehydrogenation accounts for 1 / 3-1 / 2 of the heat generated by the fuel cell stack. In addition, the external air in the air supply unit 8 is compressed and heated by the air compressor and then enters the third heat pump system 63, and its heat is used to preheat the high-temperature solid hydrogen storage device 4.

[0091] 2) Stable operating state

[0092] Initially, the low-temperature solid-state hydrogen storage device 3 supplies hydrogen stably. When the fuel cell stack 1 is running stably, the heat of the fuel cell stack 1 is in a dynamic equilibrium state. At this time, the low-temperature solid-state hydrogen storage device 3 and the high-temperature solid-state hydrogen storage device 4 jointly supply hydrogen, and the hydrogen supply ratio is achieved by adjusting the opening of the first proportional valve 31 and the second proportional valve 41. Part of the high-temperature coolant flowing out of the fuel cell stack 1 enters the heat exchanger 55 to provide heat for heating the titanium-manganese hydrogen storage alloy. The remaining part of the high-temperature coolant flowing out of the fuel cell stack 1 enters the second evaporator 621, and the second evaporator 621 recovers the heat in the coolant, and uses the heat in the coolant as the driving heat source to vaporize the heat pump working fluid, and transfers the heat to the working fluid in the third heat exchange liquid circulation loop 018 through the second heat pump system 62, so as to provide heat for heating the magnesium-based alloy in the high-temperature solid-state hydrogen storage device 4. The flow rate of the coolant is achieved by adjusting the opening of the flow distribution valve 515. The total hydrogen consumption V is calculated according to the total power of the fuel cell, and the amount of hydrogen V required to be provided by the low-temperature solid-state hydrogen storage device 3 is calculated according to the energy distribution. 1 , and then determine the dehydrogenation temperature T required by the titanium-manganese hydrogen storage alloy at this time 1 And the power P required for hydrogen release 1 According to the efficiency η of the heat exchanger 1 , fuel cell stack coolant outflow temperature T out and the stacking temperature T in Calculate the required coolant flow Q 1, the opening of the flow distribution valve 515 is controlled according to the mapping relationship between the coolant flow rate and the flow distribution valve opening. In addition, the high-temperature air after the air compressor 83 continues to provide heat for the dehydrogenation of the magnesium-based hydrogen storage alloy through the third heat pump system 63. When the required temperature is reached, the magnesium-based hydrogen storage alloy begins to release hydrogen, and the released high-temperature hydrogen recovers heat through the first heat pump system 61 to heat the magnesium-based hydrogen storage alloy. A multi-stage heat pump unit is used to continuously and stably provide a heat source for the dehydrogenation of the magnesium-based hydrogen storage alloy. The cooled high-temperature hydrogen enters the buffer tank 2 and the hydrogen released by the low-temperature solid hydrogen storage device 3 to meet the power generation needs of the fuel cell stack 1. The cooled coolant is mixed, and after being cooled to the specified temperature through the radiator 58, it flows into the fuel cell stack 1 again to cool the fuel cell stack 1.

[0093] When the fuel cell power needs to be increased quickly, more hydrogen supply is needed. The setting of buffer tank 2 can quickly meet this demand, solving the problem that the solid-state hydrogen storage system cannot respond quickly due to temperature regulation. When the fuel cell power increases, the heat released by the fuel cell will also increase with the increase of power, and the temperature of heating the hydrogen storage alloy will also increase accordingly. The rate of hydrogen release by the hydrogen storage alloy will also increase with the increase of heating temperature, providing more hydrogen to buffer tank 2. The whole system is still in a dynamic equilibrium state.

[0094] 3) Cold start state

[0095] When the external environment is between -40 and -0°C, the fuel cell stack 1 needs to reach a working state. First, the buffer tank 2 is used to charge the low-temperature solid hydrogen storage device 3 with hydrogen, and the released heat is carried by the internal heat exchange fluid to the heat exchanger 55 for heat exchange with the coolant in the fuel cell stack 1. The heated coolant is used to heat the fuel cell stack 1. When the temperature of the fuel cell stack is above 0°C, the stack turns on the self-heating function, and the low-temperature solid hydrogen storage device 3 stops charging hydrogen. The buffer tank starts to supply hydrogen to the fuel cell stack 1.

[0096] 4) Hydrogen filling status

[0097] When the hydrogen in the low-temperature solid-state hydrogen storage device 3 and the high-temperature solid-state hydrogen storage device 4 is almost used up, the two devices need to be filled with hydrogen, and the fuel cell stack 1 stops running. The hydrogen storage alloy releases heat when it is filled with hydrogen, and the first cooling branch 10 and the first cold water system 101 are required to dissipate heat. For the low-temperature solid-state hydrogen storage device 3 to be filled with hydrogen, the control system first collects and determines the hydrogen pressure in the hydrogen storage device, and the control system sends a signal to ensure that the first three-way reversing valve 54 and the second three-way reversing valve 56 are switched to the first cold water system 101, and the flow, water pressure and temperature of the cold water are monitored synchronously. When all three are normal, the second solenoid valve 92 is opened. The temperature of the cooling water is lowered by the first refrigeration unit 103, and the heat exchange liquid and the cooling water in the low-temperature solid-state hydrogen storage device 3 are heat exchanged through the heat exchanger 55 to cool the titanium-manganese hydrogen storage alloy in the low-temperature solid-state hydrogen storage device 3. The flow rate and pressure of hydrogen are monitored simultaneously. After the hydrogen pressure reaches 4.0MPa, the monitored hydrogen flow rate value will continue to decrease. When it is lower than 5-10% of the normal hydrogen filling flow rate, hydrogen filling will be stopped and the system will be ready to switch to the hydrogen discharge state. When the high-temperature solid-state hydrogen storage device 4 is filled with hydrogen, the control system first collects and determines the hydrogen pressure in the hydrogen storage device, and the control system sends a signal. The heat released when the titanium-manganese hydrogen storage alloy is filled with hydrogen is transferred to the high-temperature solid-state hydrogen storage device 4 through the first heat pump system 61, and the magnesium-based hydrogen storage material in the high-temperature solid-state hydrogen storage device 4 is preheated to the hydrogen filling temperature, usually 120-320°C, in combination with the electric heating rod (not shown in the figure). After the hydrogen filling starts, the electric heating rod can be turned off, and the heat released by the hydrogen filling reaction can be used to maintain the system temperature. In addition, the second refrigeration unit 0115 starts to work, and under the action of the fourth high-pressure water pump 0116, the circulating coolant circulates along the second refrigeration unit 0115, the fourth high-pressure water pump 0116 and the high-temperature solid hydrogen storage device 4, so as to start the circulating coolant to assist in cooling the magnesium-based hydrogen storage alloy in the high-temperature solid hydrogen storage device 4, and ensure that the alloy can quickly absorb hydrogen. When the hydrogenation pressure of the hydrogen storage alloy is about 3MPa, the monitored hydrogen flow value is lower than 5-10% of the normal hydrogenation flow rate, and the hydrogenation is stopped, and the hydrogenation is prepared to switch to the hydrogenation state.

[0098] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments, or replace some or all of the technical features therein with equivalents. However, these modifications or replacements do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. An integrated thermal management system, characterized in that: The invention comprises a fuel cell stack (1), a buffer tank (2), a low-temperature solid-state hydrogen storage device (3), a high-temperature solid-state hydrogen storage device (4), a heat exchange unit (5) and a multi-stage heat pump unit (6), wherein: The low-temperature solid-state hydrogen storage device (3) is connected to the fuel cell stack (1) through the buffer tank (2) to supply hydrogen to the fuel cell stack (1); an exhaust pipe (012) for transferring the hydrogen in the buffer tank (2) back to the low-temperature solid-state hydrogen storage device (3) is provided between the low-temperature solid-state hydrogen storage device (3) and the buffer tank (2); and a heat exchange unit (5) for thermally connecting the low-temperature solid-state hydrogen storage device (3) and the fuel cell stack (1) is provided between the low-temperature solid-state hydrogen storage device (3) and the fuel cell stack (1); The high-temperature solid-state hydrogen storage device (4) is connected to the buffer tank (2) via the multi-stage heat pump unit (6) to supply hydrogen from the buffer tank (2) to the fuel cell stack (1); the multi-stage heat pump unit (6) is connected to the fuel cell stack (1); the multi-stage heat pump unit (6) is used to absorb at least the heat of the high-temperature hydrogen after dehydrogenation of the high-temperature solid-state hydrogen storage device (4) and the waste heat generated by the fuel cell stack (1) and provide them to the high-temperature solid-state hydrogen storage device (4).

2. The integrated thermal management system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The heat exchange unit (5) comprises a heat exchanger (55), a coolant circulation loop (013) is formed between the heat exchanger (55) and the fuel cell stack (1), a first liquid discharge pipe (014) and a first liquid inlet pipe (015) are connected between the coolant circulation loop (013) and the multi-stage heat pump unit (6), the first liquid discharge pipe (014) is used to input the coolant in the coolant circulation loop (013) into the multi-stage heat pump unit (6) for heat exchange and cooling, and the first liquid inlet pipe (015) is used to receive the coolant after heat exchange and input it back into the coolant circulation loop (013); A first heat exchange liquid circulation loop (016) is formed between the low-temperature solid hydrogen storage device (3) and the heat exchanger (55), and the first heat exchange liquid circulation loop (016) and the cooling liquid circulation loop (013) perform heat exchange through the heat exchanger (55).

3. The integrated thermal management system according to claim 2, characterized in that: The first liquid discharge pipe (014) is provided with a flow distribution valve (515) for adjusting the flow of the cooling liquid in the first liquid discharge pipe (014).

4. The integrated thermal management system according to claim 2, characterized in that: It also includes a first cooling branch (10) for cooling the heat exchange fluid in the first heat exchange fluid circulation loop (016) through the heat exchanger (55); One end of the first cooling branch (10) is connected to the coolant circulation circuit (013) at the coolant inlet of the heat exchanger (55) through a first three-way reversing valve (54), and the other end is connected to the coolant circulation circuit (013) at the coolant outlet of the heat exchanger (55) through a second three-way reversing valve (56).

5. The integrated thermal management system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The multi-stage heat pump unit (6) comprises a first heat pump system (61), wherein the first heat pump system (61) has a first air inlet, a first air outlet, a first liquid inlet and a first liquid outlet, wherein the first air inlet is connected to the high-temperature solid-state hydrogen storage device (4), the first air outlet is connected to the buffer tank (2), and the first liquid inlet and the first liquid outlet are both connected to the high-temperature solid-state hydrogen storage device (4) to form a second heat exchange liquid circulation loop (017).

6. The integrated thermal management system according to claim 2, characterized in that: The multi-stage heat pump unit (6) comprises a second heat pump system (62), wherein the second heat pump system (62) has a second liquid inlet, a second liquid outlet, a third liquid inlet and a third liquid outlet, wherein the second liquid inlet is connected to the first liquid discharge pipe (014), the second liquid outlet is connected to the first liquid inlet pipe (015), and the third liquid inlet and the third liquid outlet are both connected to the high-temperature solid hydrogen storage device (4) to form a third heat exchange liquid circulation loop (018).

7. The integrated thermal management system according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes an air supply unit (8) connected to the multi-stage heat pump unit (6), and the air supply unit (8) is used to transport the pressurized high-temperature air to the multi-stage heat pump unit (6) for heat exchange and cooling, and to receive the air after heat exchange.

8. The integrated thermal management system according to claim 7, characterized in that: The multi-stage heat pump unit (6) includes a third heat pump system (63), wherein the third heat pump system (63) has a second air inlet, a second air outlet, a fourth liquid inlet and a fourth liquid outlet, wherein the second air inlet and the second air outlet are both connected to the air supply unit (8), and the fourth liquid inlet and the fourth liquid outlet are both connected to the high-temperature solid-state hydrogen storage device (4) to form a fourth heat exchange liquid circulation loop (019).

9. The integrated thermal management system according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: It also includes a second cooling branch (011) for cooling the high-temperature solid-state hydrogen storage device (4), and both ends of the second cooling branch (011) are connected to the high-temperature solid-state hydrogen storage device (4).

10. The integrated thermal management system according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: It also includes a hydrogen charging unit (9) connected to the low-temperature solid-state hydrogen storage device (3) and the high-temperature solid-state hydrogen storage device (4), and / or includes a control unit (020) that receives various environmental signals in the system and controls the opening and closing of various valves and pumps in the system.

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