Battery and battery pack including the same
By designing the runway steel shell, combined with the characteristics of arc and straight sides, the edge thinning and cracking problems caused by poor steel ductility during the molding process of the square battery shell is solved, and a higher molding yield and space utilization are achieved.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202411699847.3
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Patents(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-11-26
- Publication Date
- 2025-02-28
- Estimated Expiration
- 2044-11-26
AI Technical Summary
During the preparation of the square battery case, due to the poor ductility of the steel, the edge thickness becomes thinner, and it is easy to break, which affects the molding yield of the battery case.
A runway-shaped steel shell is designed with a combination of arc edges and straight edges, eliminating the right angle characteristics, appropriately increasing the arc edges and the length of straight edges to match the cell size, and improving the molding yield and space utilization of the shell.
By eliminating the right angle feature, the edge thinning and cracking problems caused by poor steel ductility are avoided, and the molding yield and space utilization of the battery case are improved, while reducing manufacturing costs.
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Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of batteries, and specifically proposes a battery and a battery pack comprising the same. Background Art
[0002] In the relevant technology, square batteries generally refer to batteries with square steel shells, which have high energy density and long cycle life, and therefore have been widely used in many fields.
[0003] However, in the process of preparing the shell of the square battery, the curved edges of the tube blank need to be formed into right angles. Due to the poor ductility of steel, the edge thickness will become thinner in this process, which will make it easy to break and affect the molding yield of the battery shell. Summary of the invention
[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to solve at least part of the technical problems mentioned above, and this purpose is achieved through the following technical solutions:
[0005] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a battery, comprising a shell and a battery cell disposed inside the shell; the shell is made of steel, and has two oppositely disposed straight sides and two oppositely disposed arc sides, the two arc sides connecting the two straight sides and surrounding a cavity for accommodating the battery cell; the shell is provided with an opening, the direction of the shell opening is in the Z direction, the cross-sectional area of the shell is b, the area of the cross-sectional area of the battery cell is a, the maximum length of the shell cross-sectional area is m, the maximum width is n, c=m×n, then 0.2≤a*c / b 2 ≤20.
[0006] In some embodiments, 0.1≤a / b≤0.9.
[0007] In some embodiments, the shell cross-sectional area b ranges from 3848 mm 2 ≤b≤37000mm 2 .
[0008] In some embodiments, the cross-sectional area a of the battery cell is in the range of 3675 mm 2 ≤a≤14651mm 2 .
[0009] In some embodiments, the radian of the arc edge of the shell (100) is r, and the range of r*(a / b) is 0.1≤r*(a / b)≤2.9, unit: rad.
[0010] In some embodiments, the length of the straight side of the shell is L, and the range of L / m is 0.4≤L / m≤0.95.
[0011] In some embodiments, the thickness of the arc edge is less than the thickness of the straight edge.
[0012] In some embodiments, 0.12≤a / b≤0.85.
[0013] In some embodiments, at least one battery cell is contained in the shell, and the battery cell includes a straight section and an arc section, and the ratio of the curvature of the arc section to the curvature of the arc edge of the shell is 0.9 to 1.1.
[0014] In some embodiments, the housing contains only one battery cell.
[0015] In some embodiments, 0.4≤L / m≤0.92.
[0016] In some embodiments, the battery cell includes a separator, and the porosity of the separator is ≥38%, and 0.15≤a / b≤0.85.
[0017] In some embodiments, the opening portion is provided with a first cover plate and a second cover plate, and at least one of the first cover plate and the second cover plate is provided with a liquid injection hole. The liquid injection hole is at a distance h1 from one end of the cover plate where it is located and at a distance h2 from the other end in a direction extending along the straight side of the shell, and 0.05≤h1 / h2≤20.
[0018] In some embodiments, the minimum thickness at the intersection of the straight edge and the arc edge of the shell is e, and 0.08 mm≤e≤0.8 mm.
[0019] In some embodiments, 100 mm ≤ m ≤ 500 mm, 15 mm ≤ n ≤ 80 mm.
[0020] In a second aspect, the present invention provides a battery pack, which includes a plurality of batteries according to the first aspect, with adjacent batteries being arranged in contact with each other with straight edges.
[0021] In some embodiments, the range of the straight side length L of the battery casing / the maximum length m of the casing is 0.4≤L / m≤0.9.
[0022] In some embodiments, the gap between the arc edges of adjacent battery casings is d, and 0.1 mm≤d≤5 mm.
[0023] In some embodiments, the battery pack further includes a liquid cooling plate, the liquid cooling plate and the straight edge of the battery shell are in contact with each other, and the range of the straight edge length L of the battery shell / the maximum length m of the shell is 0.42≤L / m≤0.95.
[0024] The technical solution proposed by the present invention has at least the following technical effects:
[0025] In the present invention, the battery shell is a runway-shaped steel shell, which can maintain the advantages of high strength and corrosion resistance of steel, and eliminate the right-angle feature of the square shell, overcome the disadvantage of poor ductility of steel, and avoid the edge thickness becoming thinner during the tube blank forming process, which is easy to break; in addition, the shell proposed by the present invention matches the size of the battery cell inside it, which can prevent the battery cell from shaking in the shell and causing the tab to break, and will not squeeze the battery cell. The present invention is simple and ingenious in design, improves the shell forming yield, and reduces manufacturing costs. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0026] In order to better combine the contents shown in the drawings of the specification with the contents described in the specific implementation methods, the drawings of the specification are briefly introduced below. It can be understood that the drawings of the specification mentioned below only schematically show some embodiments of the relevant technical solutions and the technical solutions of the present invention. Without paying creative labor, those skilled in the art can also make drawings showing other embodiments.
[0027] Specifically, the annotations of the drawings in the specification are as follows:
[0028] Figure 1 It is an axonometric schematic diagram of a housing according to some embodiments of the present invention;
[0029] Figure 2 It is a schematic top view of a shell described in some embodiments of the present invention.
[0030] Specifically, the annotations of the accompanying drawings in the specification are as follows:
[0031] 100, shell; 110, arc edge; 120, straight edge. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0032] In order to make the contents of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the following description will be made in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. It can be understood that the contents mentioned below are only some embodiments of the present invention, and all embodiments are listed in detail. Therefore, without paying creative work, other embodiments obtained based on the following embodiments fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
[0033] It should be understood that the terms used herein are only for the purpose of describing specific embodiments and are not intended to strictly limit the technical solutions unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. For example, the use of "a", "an" and "the" to modify a feature does not exclude that the feature may also be plural in other embodiments.
[0034] It should be understood that the terms "include", "comprises", and "have" are open ended, indicating the presence of the stated features, but not excluding the possibility that the embodiment may have other features. Similarly, the use of the terms first, second, etc. in the text to describe multiple features only means to distinguish one feature from another, and unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, such terms do not imply an order or sequence.
[0035] It should be understood that, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, the terms "dispose", "connect", and "install" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, they can be fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; they can be directly connected or indirectly connected through a medium. For those skilled in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in the text can be understood according to the specific circumstances.
[0036] In addition, for the convenience of description, the text will use terms of spatial relative relationships to illustrate the position of one feature relative to another feature, for example, "inside", "outside", "end", "side", "top", "middle", "bottom", "high", "low", "axial", "circumferential", "radial", "horizontal", "vertical", "first direction", "second direction", etc. It can be understood that the spatial relative relationship between two features should include other specific situations in addition to those shown in the drawings of the specification.
[0037] The embodiments of the present invention are described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
[0038] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a battery, comprising a shell and a battery cell disposed inside the shell; the shell is made of steel, and has two oppositely disposed straight sides 120, and two oppositely disposed arc sides, the two arc sides connect the two straight sides 120 and surround a cavity for accommodating the battery cell; the shell is provided with an opening, the direction of the shell opening is in the Z direction, the cross-sectional area of the shell is b, the area of the cross-sectional area of the battery cell is a, the maximum length of the shell cross-sectional area is m, the maximum width is n, c=m×n, then 0.2≤a*c / b 2 ≤20.
[0039] Reference Figure 1 and Figure 2 The direction of the shell opening is the Z direction, the shell length direction is the X direction, and the shell width direction is the Y direction.
[0040] In the present invention, the battery shell 100 is a runway-shaped steel shell, which can maintain the advantages of high strength and corrosion resistance of steel, and eliminate the right-angle feature of the square shell, overcome the disadvantage of poor ductility of steel, and avoid the edge thickness becoming thinner during the tube blank forming process, which is easy to break; in addition, the shell 100 proposed by the present invention matches the size of the battery cell inside it, which can prevent the battery cell from shaking in the shell 100 and causing the tab to break, and will not squeeze the battery cell. The present invention is simple and ingenious in design, improves the forming yield of the shell 100, and reduces the manufacturing cost.
[0041] It should be noted that in the related art, when the square shell is formed, due to the poor ductility of the steel, the corners are prone to material accumulation, thereby thinning the thickness of the edges adjacent to the corners and causing cracks. In the present invention, the runway-shaped shell 100 includes an integrally connected arc edge 110 and a straight edge 120120, eliminating the right-angle feature, thereby overcoming the above-mentioned disadvantages.
[0042] In summary, during the forming process of the square steel shell, the curved edge of the tube blank needs to be formed into a right angle. Due to the poor ductility of steel, the edges become thinner in the process of turning from a circle to a square, which makes the edge of the shell easy to break. By making a runway-shaped shell, the stress on the arc edge is reduced and the shell is easier to form. At the same time, the shell and the battery cell size are more matched, which better improves the space utilization of the shell. Finally, when the shell is grouped, the sides of adjacent batteries are curved and form gaps, which is conducive to the heat dissipation from the gap after the battery generates heat, overcoming the disadvantage of poor thermal conductivity of the steel shell and preventing thermal runaway caused by excessive battery heat.
[0043] In addition, if a*c / b 2 If it is less than the lower limit, it means that the space utilization rate in the shell is too small, the matching degree between the battery cell and the shell is not high, and the battery cell shakes in the shell, which will pull the connection between the tab and the pole, causing the tab to break; if a*c / b 2 If it is greater than the upper limit, it means that the space utilization after grouping is too small. If the space utilization is small, fewer batteries can be arranged in the battery pack, affecting the density of the whole pack. Therefore, a*c / b 2 The value of should be moderate, for example, it can be 0.2, 0.5, 1, 5, 10, 20 or a range consisting of any two of them.
[0044] In particular, the battery cell can be a wound battery cell, that is, the positive electrode sheet, the negative electrode sheet, and a separator are provided between the positive electrode sheet and the negative electrode sheet, and they are continuously wound to form a battery cell, which becomes the smallest charge and discharge unit; it can also be a stacked battery cell, that is, the positive electrode sheet, the negative electrode sheet, and a separator are provided between the positive electrode sheet and the negative electrode sheet, and they are stacked to form a battery cell, which becomes the smallest charge and discharge unit.
[0045] It can be understood that the present invention does not impose strict restrictions on the material of the steel shell, and it can be carbon steel, alloy steel, other iron-based stainless steel, etc.
[0046] In some embodiments, 0.1≤a / b≤0.9.
[0047] This parameter characterizes the space utilization of the battery shell. The volume of the shell should match the size of the battery cell. If the shell is too large, the battery cell will shake inside the shell, which will pull the connection between the tab and the pole, causing the tab to break. If the shell is too small, it will squeeze the battery cell. If the battery cell is multi-cell, the cell opening area is the sum of the opening areas of multiple cells. Therefore, the value of a / b should be moderate, for example, it can be 0.1, 0.2, 0.5, 0.6, 0.9 or a range consisting of any two of them.
[0048] In some embodiments, the shell cross-sectional area b ranges from 3848 mm 2 ≤b≤37000mm 2 In some embodiments, the cross-sectional area a of the battery cell is in the range of 3675 mm 2 ≤a≤14651mm 2 .
[0049] The values of a and b should also be moderate. For example, a can be 3675, 4000, 5000, 10000, 14651 or a range consisting of any two of them. The unit is: mm 2 ; b can be 3848, 4000, 5000, 10000, 20000, 30000, 37000 or a range consisting of any two of them, unit: mm 2 .
[0050] In some embodiments, the radian of the arc edge of the shell (100) is r, and the range of r*(a / b) is 0.1≤r*(a / b)≤2.9, unit: rad.
[0051] When a / b is large, it means that the battery cell is filled more fully in the shell and the space utilization rate is relatively high. However, since the battery is pressed tightly at the corners on both sides, poor heat dissipation is prone to occur. Therefore, 0.1≤r*(a / b)≤2.9, unit: rad; for example, r*(a / b) can be 0.1, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.9 or a range composed of any two of them, unit: rad.
[0052] In some embodiments, 1≤r≤3.2, unit: rad, for example, r can be 1, 2, 3, or 3.2, unit: rad.
[0053] In some embodiments, the length of the straight side 120 of the housing is L, and the range of L / m is 0.4≤L / m≤0.95.
[0054] When the batteries are grouped, the straight side 120 of the shell is the surface where two adjacent batteries are in close contact. If L / m is less than the lower limit, it means that the length of the long side is small, and the length of the arc side is large, which will affect the space utilization rate after the batteries are grouped; if L / m exceeds the upper limit, it means that the length of the long side is large, the contact surface between the batteries is large, and the length of the arc side is small, which will be unfavorable for heat dissipation. Therefore, the value of L / m should be moderate, for example, it can be 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, 0.9, 0.85 or a range consisting of any two of them.
[0055] In some embodiments, 95≤L≤195, unit: mm, for example, L can be 95, 100, 150, 195, unit: mm.
[0056] In some embodiments, the thickness of the arc edge is less than the thickness of the straight edge 120 .
[0057] The battery cells are flattened after winding or stacking, and become tighter after being pressed at the edges, which increases the difficulty of heat dissipation. Therefore, the heat dissipation capacity at the edges of the battery cells must be improved to prevent excessive heat at the edges. Therefore, a thinner design is used at the arc edge to facilitate heat dissipation at the edges of the battery cells.
[0058] In some embodiments, 0.12≤a / b≤0.85.
[0059] When the thickness of the arc surface is smaller, the heat dissipation is better, so the length of the arc edge can be appropriately reduced, thereby improving the space utilization after the battery is grouped. Therefore, 0.12≤a / b≤0.85, for example, a / b can be 0.12, 0.2, 0.5, 0.6, 0.8, 0.85 or a range consisting of any two of them.
[0060] In some embodiments, at least one battery cell is contained in the shell, and the battery cell includes a straight section and an arc section, and the ratio of the curvature of the arc section to the curvature of the arc edge of the shell is 0.9 to 1.1.
[0061] In some embodiments, the housing contains only one battery cell.
[0062] In some embodiments, 0.4≤L / m≤0.92.
[0063] When the shell contains only one battery cell, the matching degree between the shell and the battery cell is required to be higher. After the single battery cell is wound and pressed, the curvature of the arc segment of the single battery cell will be larger than that of multiple battery cells stacked. Therefore, the arc edge of the shell should be appropriately increased to match the battery cell, so 0.4≤L / m≤0.92; for example, L / m can be 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, 0.8, 0.92 or a range consisting of any two of them.
[0064] In some embodiments, the battery cell includes a separator, and the porosity of the separator is ≥38%, and 0.15≤a / b≤0.85.
[0065] The battery cell includes a positive electrode sheet and a negative electrode sheet, and a diaphragm is located between the positive electrode sheet and the negative electrode sheet, which are wound or stacked to form a battery cell. When the battery is filled with electrolyte, the electrolyte needs to gradually infiltrate the entire battery cell through the diaphragm and the electrode sheet. At the edge of the battery cell, it is not easy to infiltrate because it is denser after compression. When the porosity of the diaphragm is large, the infiltration effect is better, especially for the battery edge cell. Therefore, there is no need to increase the length of the arc edge of the shell for the infiltration of the electrolyte to increase the space and improve the infiltration of the electrolyte. Therefore, the arc edge can be appropriately reduced to improve the space utilization of the group. Therefore, 0.15≤a / b≤0.85; for example, the porosity can be 38%, 40%, 45%, 50%, etc., and a / b can be 0.15, 0.2, 0.35, 0.5, 0.6, 0.85 or a range composed of any two of them.
[0066] In some embodiments, the opening portion is provided with a first cover plate and a second cover plate, and at least one of the first cover plate and the second cover plate is provided with a liquid injection hole. The liquid injection hole is at a distance h1 from one end of the cover plate where it is located and at a distance h2 from the other end in the direction extending along the straight edge 120 of the shell, and 0.05≤h1 / h2≤20.
[0067] In order to ensure the electrolyte infiltration into the battery cell, the injection hole should be set as close to the middle of the cover as possible to ensure uniform infiltration of the battery, but since the pole and explosion-proof valve need to be set on the cover, the offset of the injection hole should be controlled. Therefore, the value of h1 / h2 should be moderate, for example, it can be 0.05, 0.1, 0.5, 1, 5, 10, 20 or a range composed of any two of them.
[0068] In some embodiments, the minimum thickness at the intersection of the straight edge 120 and the arc edge of the shell is e, then 0.08mm≤e≤0.8mm. For example, e can be 0.08, 0.1, 0.2, 0.5, 0.6, 0.8 or a range consisting of any two of them, in units of mm.
[0069] In a second aspect, the present invention provides a battery pack, which includes a plurality of batteries according to the first aspect, with adjacent batteries being arranged in contact with each other with straight edges 120 .
[0070] In the above embodiment, the battery pack of the second aspect includes the battery of the first aspect. Therefore, the battery pack of the second aspect has at least all the technical effects of the battery of the first aspect, and the specific technical effects of the battery will not be repeated here.
[0071] The embodiments of the present invention only illustrate the structure of the battery pack of the second aspect related to the improvement points of the present application, but it does not mean that it does not have other structures. For example, the battery pack also includes a battery frame for accommodating multiple batteries, and / or the battery pack also includes a protective shell for encapsulating multiple battery modules, etc. Other structures are not described one by one here.
[0072] In some embodiments, the range of the length L of the straight side 120 of the battery casing / the maximum length m of the casing is 0.4≤L / m≤0.9.
[0073] The larger the ratio of L / m, the longer the straight side 120 of the shell is and the shorter the curved side is, so that the space utilization rate of the battery is increased when it is grouped. However, if the ratio is too large, the curvature of the side is too small, which is easy to interfere with the internal battery cells, squeeze the side battery cells, and cause lithium deposition on the side of the battery cells; if the ratio is too small, the middle straight side 120 is too small, the group space utilization rate is too small, and the battery capacity is affected. Therefore, the value of L / m should be moderate, for example, L / m can be 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, 0.8, 0.9 or a range consisting of any two of them.
[0074] In some embodiments, the gap between the arc edges of adjacent battery casings is d, and 0.1 mm≤d≤5 mm.
[0075] The curved edge is where the battery cell is bent. The bent part is tightly pressed, so heat is easily accumulated and difficult to dissipate. A large gap means good heat dissipation. A too large gap means low space utilization, while a too small gap means poor heat dissipation. Therefore, the value of d should be moderate. For example, d can be 0.1, 0.5, 1, 3, 5, or a range consisting of any two of them. The unit is mm.
[0076] In some embodiments, the battery pack further includes a liquid cooling plate, the liquid cooling plate and the straight edge 120 of the battery shell are in contact with each other, and the length L of the straight edge 120 of the battery shell / the maximum length m of the shell is in the range of 0.42≤L / m≤0.95.
[0077] The liquid cooling plate is used to cool the battery to prevent thermal runaway caused by overheating. The larger the area of contact with the large surface of the battery, the better the heat exchange effect. Therefore, 0.42≤L / m≤0.95. For example, L / m can be 0.42, 0.5, 0.6, 0.7, 0.9, 0.95 or a range consisting of any two of them.
[0078] In particular, the term "and / or" in the present invention should be understood as follows:
[0079] In the first case, the term "and / or" located between a first subject and a second subject includes any one of the following meanings: (1) only the first subject; (2) only the second subject; and (3) the first subject and the second subject.
[0080] In the second case, the term "and / or" between the last two subjects among three or more subjects means including at least any one of the multiple subjects. For example, "the first subject, the second subject and / or the third subject" has the same meaning as "the first subject and / or the second subject and / or the third subject", specifically including the following combinations: (1) only the first subject; (2) only the second subject; (3) only the third subject; (4) the first subject and the second subject but not the third subject; (5) the first subject and the third subject but not the second subject; (6) the second subject and the third subject but not the first subject; and (7) the first subject, the second subject and the third subject.
[0081] In addition, although the above content describes the embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, those skilled in the art can also make various modifications and variations without departing from the concept of the present invention, and such modifications and variations all fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.
Claims
1. A battery, characterized in that: Comprising a housing (100) and a battery cell disposed inside the housing (100); The shell (100) is made of steel, and has two oppositely arranged straight edges and two oppositely arranged arc edges, wherein the two arc edges connect the two straight edges and surround to form a cavity for accommodating the battery core; The shell is provided with an opening, the direction of the shell opening is the Z direction, the cross-sectional area of the shell perpendicular to the Z direction is b, the cross-sectional area of the battery cell is a, the maximum length of the cross-sectional area of the shell (100) is m, the maximum width is n, c=m×n, then 0.2≤a*c / b 2 ≤20.
2. The battery according to claim 1, characterized in that 0.1≤a / b≤0.
9.
3. The battery according to claim 1, characterized in that The range of the shell cross-sectional area b is 3848 mm 2 ≤b≤37000mm 2 .
4. The battery according to claim 1, characterized in that The cross-sectional area a of the battery core is in the range of 3675 mm 2 ≤a≤14651mm 2 .
5. The battery according to claim 1, characterized in that The radian of the arc edge of the shell (100) is r, and the range of r*(a / b) is 0.1≤r*(a / b)≤2.9, unit: rad.
6. The battery according to claim 1, characterized in that The length of the straight side of the shell (100) is L, and the range of L / m is 0.4≤L / m≤0.
95.
7. The battery according to claim 1, characterized in that The thickness of the arc edge is smaller than the thickness of the straight edge.
8. The battery according to claim 7, characterized in that 0.12≤a / b≤0.
85.
9. The battery according to claim 6, characterized in that The shell contains at least one battery cell, and the battery cell includes a straight section and an arc section. The ratio of the curvature of the arc section to the curvature of the arc edge of the shell is 0.9 to 1.
1.
10. The battery according to claim 9, characterized in that The shell contains only one battery core.
11. The battery according to claim 10, characterized in that 0.4≤L / m≤0.
92.
12. The battery according to claim 1, characterized in that The battery core includes a diaphragm, and the porosity of the diaphragm is ≥38%, and 0.15≤a / b≤0.
85.
13. The battery according to claim 1, characterized in that The opening portion is provided with a first cover plate and a second cover plate, and at least one of the first cover plate and the second cover plate is provided with a liquid injection hole, and the liquid injection hole is at a distance h1 from one end of the cover plate where it is located and at a distance h2 from the other end in a direction extending along the straight side of the shell, and 0.05≤h1 / h2≤20.
14. The battery according to any one of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that: The minimum thickness at the intersection of the straight edge and the arc edge of the shell (100) is e, and 0.08 mm ≤ e ≤ 0.8 mm.
15. The battery according to any one of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that: 100mm≤m≤500mm, 15mm≤n≤80mm.
16. A battery pack, characterized in that: The invention comprises a plurality of batteries according to any one of claims 1 to 15, wherein adjacent batteries are arranged in contact with each other with straight edges.
17. The battery pack according to claim 16, characterized in that: The range of the straight side length L of the battery shell / the maximum length m of the shell is 0.4≤L / m≤0.
9.
18. The battery pack according to claim 16, characterized in that: The gap between the adjacent arc edges of the battery housing is d, 0.1mm≤d≤5mm.
19. The battery pack according to claim 16, characterized in that: The battery pack further comprises a liquid cooling plate, the liquid cooling plate is in contact with the straight edge of the battery shell, and the length L of the straight edge of the battery shell / the maximum length m of the shell is in the range of 0.42≤L / m≤0.95.
Citation Information
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