Feed for improving lactation performance and immunity of sows

Abstract

According to the feed for improving the lactation performance and the immunity of the sows, soluble fibers and hyodeoxycholic acid are combined to feed the sows at the later stage of pregnancy, body fat metabolism of organisms is improved by improving serum biochemistry and colostrum milk fat level, and the lactation performance and the immunity of the sows are improved through mother-child transfer, so that healthy breeding of the local pigs is achieved, and the breeding period of the sows is shortened. A new thought is provided for improving filial generation health and development problems caused by poor lactation performance of the local pigs.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of feed processing, in particular to a feed capable of improving the lactation performance and immunity of sows. Background Art

[0002] Sows are the core of pig farm production. Improving the lactation performance and health of sows is the primary factor for the economic benefits of large-scale pig farms. Compared with traditional dual-purpose sows, Basha pigs are bred by hybridizing Shaziling pigs and Berkshire pigs. They are a local pig breed with meat and fat characteristics in Hunan. They have the advantages of tolerance to roughage, high litter size, good meat quality and strong disease resistance. However, their poor lactation ability, low piglet birth weight and long weaning time also limit their growth rate. Therefore, how to improve the reproduction and lactation performance of Basha sows has become a key step in achieving healthy breeding of local pigs. Studies have shown that during pregnancy, the mother will undergo a series of complex and delicate physiological adjustment processes to achieve the best delivery state. In particular, in the late pregnancy, as the hormones required to maintain pregnancy reach their peak concentrations, the mother needs to deal with symptoms including hyperlipidemia, insulin resistance and hepatic gluconeogenesis, all of which require the mother to make adaptive adjustments to ensure the smooth progress of pregnancy and the health of mother and baby. As a key factor in metabolic regulation, the functional effect of bile acid in pregnancy is becoming increasingly prominent. In lipid metabolism, bile acids exhibit a unique regulatory effect by promoting the emulsification and digestion of fat and enhancing the absorption efficiency of fat-soluble vitamins. They also serve as important signaling factors for regulating triglycerides, cholesterol, and glucose, thus playing an important role in maintaining maternal metabolic homeostasis during pregnancy and promoting healthy fetal development.

[0003] Hyodeoxycholic acid (HDCA) is a natural secondary hydrophilic bile acid that is abundant in pig and mouse bile and is also found in human bile. It affects the digestion and absorption of nutrients. HDCA has many physiological effects such as lowering blood lipids, antispasmodic, and antibacterial, and is an important bile acid. HDCA plays an important regulatory role in the lipid metabolism of animals. Studies have found that HDCA can change the physical and chemical properties of intestinal micelles, resulting in decreased dissolution and absorption of dietary cholesterol, and improve body fat metabolism. The effect is better as the HDCA content increases. HDCA has also been shown to inhibit the formation of atherosclerosis in LDLR knockout mice by improving the function of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL).

[0004] In addition, soluble fiber also has a beneficial effect on the reproductive performance and bile acid homeostasis of sows. Studies have found that adding soluble fiber 2% GCW to sow diets increased the birth weight of piglets, reduced intestinal microbial diversity and regulated microbial composition on the 109th day of pregnancy, improved bile acid homeostasis, and thus increased the reproductive performance of sows. The main physiological functions of soluble fiber are as follows: (1) Regulate energy balance in the body and reduce stress levels; (2) Regulate reproductive hormone levels, thereby regulating reproductive performance; (3) Promote the proliferation of beneficial bacteria, balance intestinal flora, and increase feed intake; (4) Improve production performance and increase daily feed intake.

[0005] Currently, there are few studies on bile acid in sows, and the research content is single and incomplete. Bile acid is mostly an additive, and only the dosage of bile acid addition is studied. There is no characteristics of soluble fiber and protein in feed, and there is little research on the combined feeding of soluble fiber and bile acid. Summary of the invention

[0006] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a feed that improves the lactation performance and immunity of sows. The feed is a new basic diet that takes soluble fiber as a dietary nutritional indicator based on the physiological characteristics of local pigs that are tolerant to roughage, so as to solve the technical problems that the existing feeds are not effective in improving the lactation performance of sows and have limited immunity.

[0007] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present invention provides a feed for improving the lactation performance and immunity of sows, which is composed of a basic feed and hyodeoxycholic acid (HDCA). The addition of hyodeoxycholic acid makes it a functional feed with intestinal probiotic properties, and contains 4.60% soluble fiber and 200-800 mg hyodeoxycholic acid per kilogram of feed.

[0008] As one of the preferred technical solutions, the soluble fiber raw material is inulin.

[0009] As one of the preferred technical solutions, the basic feed is composed of the following ingredients, measured by mass percentage: 45.3% rice, 10.00% bran, 9.00% rice bran, 12.80% wheat, 5.20% broken rice, 0.21% stone powder, 8.60% soybean meal, 2.00% soybean oil, 1.07% inulin, 0.20% choline chloride, 1.50% peptide source, 0.02% oxidant, 4.00% premix, and 0.10% mildew inhibitor.

[0010] As one of the further preferred technical solutions, the oxidant is ethoxyquinoline, and the mildewcide is ammonium propionate.

[0011] As one of the further preferred technical solutions, the formula composition of the premix is ​​as follows: VA 10,000 IU, VD32,100 IU, VE 45 IU, VK32.0 mg, VB13.0 mg, VB25.0 mg, VB61.8 mg, VB 12 0.03 mg, choline chloride 1,000 mg, niacin 25.0 mg, VB5 15.0 mg, biotin 0.08 mg, folic acid 1.0 mg, Mn 20.0 mg, Zn 80.0 mg, Fe 80 mg, Cu 6.0 mg, I 0.15 mg, Se 0.25 mg.

[0012] The present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0013] The present invention designs a diet pattern that utilizes soluble fiber to adjust the ratio of soluble fiber to insoluble fiber, thereby achieving the most suitable physiological characteristics of roughage-tolerant local pigs, and then introduces bile acid to achieve maternal nutritional intervention on roughage-tolerant sows, namely Basa pigs, thereby improving their lactation performance and promoting the health and development of piglets.

[0014] The present invention combines soluble fiber with porcine deoxycholic acid to feed sows in late pregnancy, improves serum biochemistry and colostrum milk fat levels to enhance body fat metabolism, improves lactation performance and body fat metabolism through mother-to-child transmission, thereby achieving healthy breeding of local pigs and providing a basis for its application in Basa pig breeding. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0015] The following is a detailed description of embodiments of the present invention, but the present invention can be implemented in many different ways as defined and covered by the claims.

[0016] 1. Experimental diet

[0017] 60 healthy, genetically similar, 85-day-old Basa sows were selected. According to the principle of similar parity, backfat thickness and litter size, they were divided into control group and experimental group according to randomized block design. Each treatment had 12 replicates, and each replicate had 1 sow. They were fed with 2 different SF (soluble fiber) levels and 3 Bas (bile acid, specifically hyodeoxycholic acid) levels of diets, which increased in sequence at a ratio of 1.25. 3.68% SF was the negative control group and 4.60% SF was the positive control group. The experiment started from the 85th day of pregnancy to weaning (28 days after delivery). The sows were fed with a basic diet according to the conventional method, 3kg per pig per day, twice a day. Feed once every morning at 7 o'clock and afternoon at 3 o'clock. The feeding site should be cleaned manually in time to ensure air flow, dryness and suitable temperature in the pig house.

[0018] Table 1. Experimental treatments

[0019]

[0020] The experimental diets were formulated according to the nutritional requirements of fat-type pregnant sows recommended in the Nutrient Requirements of Pigs. The two diets contained the same energy-to-protein ratio (DE / CP) and the soluble fiber level was adjusted by adding inulin. See Table 2 for details.

[0021] Table 2. Experimental diets and nutritional values

[0022]

[0023]

[0024] a The premix provides vitamin and mineral content per kilogram of feed: VA, 4200IU; VD3, 400IU; VE, 36IU; VK3, 1.2mg; VB 12 , 23μg; VB2, 5.63mg; VB5, 20.5mg, VB3, 28mg; choline chloride, 1.00g; folic acid, 0.8mg; VB1, 3.4mg; VB6, 2.7mg; VH, 0.18mg; Mn (in terms of MnSO4), 40.0mg; Fe (in terms of FeSO4), 70.0mg; Zn (in terms of ZnSO4) 70.0mg; Cu (in terms of CuSO4) 70mg; I (in terms of KI), 0.3mg; Se (in terms of Na2SeO3), 0.3mg.

[0025] 2. Feeding and management

[0026] The experiment was conducted at Shaziling Pig Research Institute in Xiangtan City, Hunan Province. The experiment lasted for 58 days, from 85 days of gestation of sows to 28 days of weaning of piglets. The feeding, immunization and turnover procedures of the experimental animals were carried out in accordance with the unified requirements of the pig farm.

[0027] 3. Sample collection and analysis

[0028] 3-1. Reproductive performance of pregnant sows

[0029] The total number of piglets born, the number of live piglets born, the number of healthy piglets born (weighing more than 800g), the number of stillbirths, the number of mummies, the birth weight, and the birth litter weight of each sow were recorded.

[0030] The T800 group significantly increased the number of healthy piglets and litter weight at birth (P<0.05) (see Table 3).

[0031] Table 3. Reproductive performance

[0032]

[0033] In Table 3, the same data with no letters or the same letters (such as a, b, c) indicate no significant difference (P>0.05), and different lowercase letters (such as ab, bc) indicate significant difference (P<0.05). The same applies to the following tables.

[0034] 3-2. Production performance of lactating sows

[0035] Number of piglets started, number of piglets weaned, average individual weight at weaning, average litter weight at weaning and average litter weight gain.

[0036] The T200, T400 and T800 groups significantly increased the number of weaned piglets and the average weaning individual weight (P<0.05); the T400 and T800 groups significantly increased the weaning litter weight and litter weight gain (P<0.05); the T800 group significantly increased the initial number of piglets (P<0.05) (see Table 4).

[0037] Table 4. Lactation performance

[0038]

[0039] 3-3. Sow serum biochemical indicators

[0040] The levels of serum low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), total cholesterol (TC), total triglycerides (TG), total bile acid (TBA) and the activities of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST).

[0041] The T200 group, T400 group and T800 group significantly reduced the serum ALT content (P<0.05); the T200 group and T400 group significantly increased the serum HDL-C content (P<0.05); the T400 group and T800 group significantly reduced the serum TC, TG and TBA contents (P<0.05) (see Table 5).

[0042] Table 5. Serum biochemistry

[0043]

[0044] 3-4. Sow Colostrum Fat Composition

[0045] Milk fat components: total cholesterol (TC), total triglycerides (TG) and total bile acid (TBA).

[0046] Immunoglobulins: IgA, IgG, IgM

[0047] The T400 group significantly reduced the TG content in colostrum (P<0.05); the T400 group and the T800 group significantly reduced the TBA content in colostrum (P<0.05) (Table 6). The T200 group, the T400 group and the T800 group significantly increased the levels of IgA and IgM in colostrum (P<0.01); the T400 group and the T800 group significantly increased the level of IgG in colostrum (P<0.01).

[0048] Table 6. Colostrum milk fat composition

[0049]

[0050] in conclusion:

[0051] By adding HDCA to the 4.60% SF diet, the number of healthy piglets of sows and the weight of piglets at birth were significantly increased; the lactation performance (initial number of piglets, number of weaned piglets, average weaning litter weight and average litter weight gain) was improved; the serum biochemistry (ALT, TC, HDL-C, TG, TBA) and colostrum milk fat (TG, TBA) levels and immunoglobulin (IgA, IgG, IgM) levels were improved to improve the body's fat metabolism and enhance the immune level.

[0052] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. For those skilled in the art, the present invention may have various modifications and variations. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A feed for improving sow lactation performance and immunity, characterized in that: Adding hyodeoxycholic acid makes it a functional feed with intestinal probiotic properties, containing 4.60% soluble fiber and 200-800 mg hyodeoxycholic acid per kilogram of feed.

2. The feed according to claim 1, characterized in that The soluble fiber raw material is inulin.

3. The feed according to claim 1, characterized in that The basic feed is composed of the following ingredients in percentage by mass: 45.3% rice, 10.00% bran, 9.00% rice bran, 12.80% wheat, 5.20% broken rice, 0.21% stone powder, 8.60% soybean meal, 2.00% soybean oil, 1.07% inulin, 0.20% choline chloride, 1.50% peptide source, 0.02% oxidant, 4.00% premix, and 0.10% mildew inhibitor.

4. The feed according to claim 3, characterized in that The oxidant is ethoxyquinoline, and the mildew preventer is ammonium propionate.

5. The feed according to claim 3, characterized in that The formula composition of the premix is ​​as follows: VA 10,000 IU, VD 32,100 IU, VE 45 IU, VK 32.0 mg, VB 13.0 mg, VB 25.0 mg, VB 61.8 mg, VB 12 0.03 mg, choline chloride 1,000 mg, niacin 25.0 mg, VB5 15.0 mg, biotin 0.08 mg, folic acid 1.0 mg, Mn 20.0 mg, Zn 80.0 mg, Fe 80 mg, Cu 6.0 mg, I 0.15 mg, Se 0.25 mg.

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