Shaft detection method, system and device and storage medium

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of shaft part detection methods, and discloses a shaft detection method, system and device and a storage medium, and the method comprises the steps: obtaining the coordinates of a detected point on the end face of a detected shaft and the coordinates of a reference point on the end face of the detected shaft; according to the coordinate of the measured point and the coordinate of the reference point, calculating a run-out value of the measured shaft; according to the reference point coordinates, calculating through a derivation method to obtain measurement site coordinates; according to the measurement site coordinates, obtaining corrected measurement site coordinates through a coordinate checking model; calculating a coaxial error value of the measured shaft according to the corrected measurement site coordinate and the run-out value; and judging according to the coaxial error value, and if the coaxial error value is smaller than a preset error reference value, judging that the shaft is qualified. According to the method, a systematic coordinate checking mode is provided, by setting clear checking steps, complex calculation and repeated measurement are avoided, and the efficiency of detection work is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of detection methods for shaft parts, and in particular to a shaft detection method, system, equipment and storage medium. Background Art

[0002] As the application of CNC technology gradually matures, advanced manufacturing systems represented by CNC machine tools have become an effective way to improve the quality, efficiency and reduce costs of manufacturing, especially in the processing of complex surface parts such as shafts, rotating bodies and discs. CNC machine tools occupy an important position in modern manufacturing with their high degree of automation and precision control. It not only greatly improves production efficiency and reduces human errors, but also can achieve precise processing of parts with complex geometric shapes. These characteristics make CNC machine tools the preferred processing equipment in many fields such as aerospace, automobile manufacturing, and precision instruments. In traditional manufacturing processes, manual operation of machine tools is not only time-consuming and prone to errors, but CNC machine tools automatically perform processing tasks through pre-programmed instructions, greatly reducing the workload of operators and significantly improving production speed and product consistency. In particular, the advantages of CNC machine tools are particularly obvious in the processing of shaft parts (such as engine main shafts, transmission shafts, etc.), rotating body parts (such as gears, turbine blades, etc.) and disc parts (such as flywheels, brake discs, etc.). These parts often have high precision requirements and complex geometric structures, and traditional processing methods are difficult to meet the requirements of modern industry.

[0003] The commonly used inspection method for turning parts is three-dimensional coordinate measuring machine inspection. This method has no contact with the measured parts, has high measurement accuracy, and can reflect the overall error of the parts. It is currently the most common inspection method. However, this method has low measurement efficiency and cannot be used for online inspection. In addition, for parts with circular symmetry or a rotation axis, this method needs to be inspected in different sections, the measurement process is cumbersome, and the inspection efficiency is not high. Summary of the invention

[0004] The present invention provides a shaft detection method, device, electronic equipment and storage medium, so as to achieve the improvement of detection efficiency by setting clear verification steps, avoiding complicated calculations and repeated measurements.

[0005] In a first aspect, in order to solve the above technical problem, the present invention provides a shaft detection method, comprising: Obtaining the coordinates of the measured point on the end surface of the measured shaft and the coordinates of the reference point on the end surface of the measured shaft; Calculating the runout value of the measured axis according to the measured point coordinates and the reference point coordinates; According to the coordinates of the reference point, the coordinates of the measuring point are calculated by a derivation method; According to the measurement site coordinates, a corrected measurement site coordinates are obtained through a coordinate verification model; Calculating the coaxial error value of the measured axis according to the corrected measurement site coordinates and the runout value; A judgment is made based on the coaxial error value. If the coaxial error value is less than a preset error reference value, the axis is determined to be qualified.

[0006] Preferably, obtaining the coordinates of the measured point on the end surface of the measured shaft and the coordinates of the reference point on the end surface of the measured shaft includes: Obtaining coordinates of a first measured point and a second measured point on the end surface of the measured shaft; Acquire the coordinates of a third measured point outside the line connecting the coordinates of the first measured point and the coordinates of the second measured point; wherein the coordinates of the measured point include the coordinates of the first measured point, the coordinates of the second measured point, and the coordinates of the third measured point; Obtain the coordinates of the intersection of the center line of the measured shaft and the end face as the reference point coordinates.

[0007] In an optional implementation, the step of calculating the runout value of the measured axis according to the measured point coordinates and the reference point coordinates includes: Based on the coordinates of the measured point and the reference point, the deviation distance is calculated according to the distance formula, and the deviation distance is combined into a deviation distance set. ; Selecting the maximum deviation distance from the deviation distance set as the runout value of the measured axis; in is the deviation distance of the coordinates of the first measured point, is the deviation distance of the coordinates of the second measured point, is the deviation distance of the coordinates of the third measured point.

[0008] In an optional implementation, the obtaining of the measurement site coordinates by calculating according to the reference point coordinates by a derivation method includes: The circular surface equation is calculated based on the coordinates of the reference point: in, are the coordinates of the reference point, R is the pre-obtained radius of the measured shaft, is the preset parameter; Calculated according to the minimization error function: Get the coordinates of the measurement site: in, are the coordinates of the measurement site, is the minimization error function, is the coordinate of the point to be measured, n is the number of points to be tested.

[0009] In an optional implementation, obtaining the corrected measurement site coordinates according to the measurement site coordinates through a coordinate calibration model includes: Using the measurement site coordinates as first measurement site coordinates; Taking the distance between the first measurement site coordinates and the first measured point coordinates as a first distance; Taking the first distance as the radius as a measurement reference circle; Move the first measurement site coordinates toward the measurement reference circle to obtain the second measurement site coordinates; Calculate the distance between the coordinates of the second measurement site and the coordinates of the first measured point, and record it as a second distance; If the second distance is smaller than the first distance, the second measurement site coordinates are used as the corrected measurement site coordinates.

[0010] In an optional implementation, the calculating the coaxial error value of the measured axis according to the corrected measurement site coordinates and the runout value includes: The coaxial error value is calculated by the following formula: in, is the jitter value, i To correct the measurement site number, j is the number of the measured point, for i Correction measurement site and j The angle between the measured points; in, for j The coordinates of the measured point, for i Correct the coordinates of the measurement site.

[0011] In an optional implementation, moving the first measurement site coordinates toward the measurement reference circle to obtain the second measurement site coordinates includes: The coordinates of the center of the measurement reference circle are the reference point coordinates; Calculating a unit vector from the coordinates of the first measurement site to the coordinates of the reference point; According to the unit vector, the coordinates of the first measurement site are moved to the measurement reference circle; The coordinates of the second measurement site are located on the measurement reference circle.

[0012] In a second aspect, the present invention provides a shaft detection system, comprising: A data acquisition module, used to acquire the coordinates of the measured point on the end face of the measured shaft and the coordinates of the reference point on the end face of the measured shaft; A runout value module, used to calculate the runout value of the measured axis according to the measured point coordinates and the reference point coordinates; A measurement site module, used to obtain the measurement site coordinates by calculating the reference point coordinates through a derivation method; A coordinate verification module, used to obtain corrected measurement site coordinates according to the measurement site coordinates through a coordinate verification model; A coaxial error module, used for calculating the coaxial error value of the measured axis according to the corrected measurement site coordinates and the runout value; The qualified judgment module is used to judge that the axis is qualified according to the coaxial error value if the coaxial error value is less than a preset error reference value.

[0013] In a third aspect, the present invention further provides an electronic device, comprising a processor, a memory, and a computer program stored in the memory and configured to be executed by the processor, wherein the processor implements any one of the above-mentioned axis detection methods when executing the computer program.

[0014] In a fourth aspect, the present invention further provides a computer-readable storage medium, which includes a stored computer program, wherein when the computer program is running, the device where the computer-readable storage medium is located is controlled to execute any one of the above-mentioned axis detection methods.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: the present invention discloses a method for detecting an axis, the method comprising obtaining the coordinates of a measured point on the end face of the measured axis and the coordinates of a reference point on the end face of the measured axis; calculating the runout value of the measured axis according to the measured point coordinates and the reference point coordinates; obtaining the coordinates of the measuring site by calculating by a derivative method according to the reference point coordinates; obtaining the corrected measuring site coordinates according to the measuring site coordinates through a coordinate calibration model; calculating the coaxial error value of the measured axis according to the corrected measuring site coordinates and the runout value; judging according to the coaxial error value, if the coaxial error value is less than a preset error reference value, the axis is judged to be qualified. The present method provides a systematic coordinate calibration method, which avoids complex calculations and repeated measurements by setting clear calibration steps, which not only improves the accuracy and consistency of the measurement, but also simplifies the detection process and improves work efficiency. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0016] Figure 1 It is a schematic flow chart of a shaft detection method provided by the first embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of a shaft detection system provided by the second embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0017] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0018] As the application of CNC technology gradually matures, advanced manufacturing systems represented by CNC machine tools have become an effective way to improve the quality, efficiency and reduce costs of manufacturing, especially in the processing of complex surface parts such as shafts, rotating bodies and discs. CNC machine tools occupy an important position in modern manufacturing with their high degree of automation and precision control. They not only greatly improve production efficiency and reduce human errors, but also can achieve precise processing of parts with complex geometric shapes. These characteristics make CNC machine tools the preferred processing equipment in many fields such as aerospace, automobile manufacturing, and precision instruments. In traditional manufacturing processes, manual operation of machine tools is not only time-consuming and prone to errors, but CNC machine tools automatically perform processing tasks through pre-programmed instructions, greatly reducing the workload of operators and significantly improving production speed and product consistency. In particular, in the processing of shaft parts (such as engine main shafts, transmission shafts, etc.), rotating body parts (such as gears, turbine blades, etc.) and disc parts (such as flywheels, brake discs, etc.), the advantages of CNC machine tools are particularly obvious. These parts often have high precision requirements and complex geometric structures, and traditional processing methods are difficult to meet the requirements of modern industry. One of the commonly used inspection methods for turning parts is three-dimensional coordinate measuring machine inspection. This method has no contact with the parts being tested, has high measurement accuracy, and can reflect the overall error of the parts. It is currently the most common inspection method. However, although three-dimensional coordinate measuring machine inspection has the advantage of high precision, it also has some limitations, such as low measurement efficiency and inability to perform online inspection, which means that in the actual production process, the parts need to be removed from the production line for separate inspection, thereby increasing the production cycle. In addition, for parts with circular symmetry or a rotation axis, three-dimensional coordinate measuring machine inspection needs to be carried out in different sections. The measurement process is relatively cumbersome and the inspection efficiency is not high, which to a certain extent limits its application in large-scale production and rapid inspection.

[0019] When turning parts, one of the commonly used detection methods is coordinate measuring machine (CMM) detection. This method measures the measured parts with high precision in a non-contact manner, which can fully reflect the overall error of the parts, and has become the most common detection method at present. The CMM uses probes or sensors to accurately obtain the coordinate data of the surface of the parts in three-dimensional space, thereby generating detailed geometric shape information. However, although the CMM has high measurement accuracy, it also has some limitations. First, the measurement efficiency of this method is relatively low, and real-time online detection cannot be achieved, which becomes a bottleneck in some production environments that require fast feedback. In addition, for parts that are circularly symmetrical or have a rotation axis, the CMM needs to perform multiple inspections in different sections to ensure that the data of each part can be accurately recorded. This process is not only cumbersome, but also further reduces the detection efficiency. Therefore, in practical applications, although the CMM is favored for its high precision, in a production environment that pursues high efficiency and real-time performance, it is still necessary to combine other detection methods to make up for its shortcomings.

[0020] Reference Figure 1 The first embodiment of the present invention provides a method for detecting an axis, comprising the following steps: S11, obtaining the coordinates of the measured point on the end surface of the measured shaft and the coordinates of the reference point on the end surface of the measured shaft; S12, calculating the runout value of the measured axis according to the measured point coordinates and the reference point coordinates; S13, obtaining the coordinates of the measuring site by calculating according to the coordinates of the reference point through a derivation method; S14, obtaining corrected measurement site coordinates according to the measurement site coordinates through a coordinate calibration model; S15, calculating the coaxial error value of the measured axis according to the corrected measurement site coordinates and the runout value; S16, judging according to the coaxial error value, if the coaxial error value is less than a preset error reference value, the axis is judged to be qualified.

[0021] In step S11 , the coordinates of the measured point on the end surface of the measured shaft and the coordinates of the reference point on the end surface of the measured shaft are obtained.

[0022] In one embodiment, the coordinates of the first measured point and the second measured point on the end face of the measured shaft are obtained; the coordinates of the third measured point outside the line connecting the first measured point and the second measured point are obtained; wherein the measured point coordinates include the first measured point coordinates, the second measured point coordinates and the third measured point coordinates; the coordinates of the intersection of the center line and the end face of the measured shaft are obtained as the reference point coordinates. These data are the basis for calculating the runout value of the measured shaft.

[0023] It is worth noting that the coordinates of the measured points are located on the end face of the measured shaft, and these points should meet the condition of not being on the same straight line. This means that the selected measured points must be able to form a non-collinear distribution in a plane to ensure the validity and representativeness of the measurement results. In addition, the number of measured points is not limited to three, and can be appropriately increased according to actual needs and measurement accuracy requirements. For example, in some high-precision applications, more measured points can be selected. At the same time, the measured points should be evenly distributed on the entire end face to avoid concentration in a specific area. This uniform distribution helps to fully reflect the overall geometric characteristics of the end face of the measured shaft, thereby improving the reliability and consistency of the measurement results. When selecting the measured points, the geometric shape and characteristics of the end face should be considered to ensure that all critical areas are covered.

[0024] It is worth mentioning that in the actual operation process, in order to accurately obtain the coordinates of the measured point and the reference point on the end face of the measured shaft, high-precision measuring equipment and technology must be used. Commonly used high-precision measuring equipment includes but is not limited to coordinate measuring machines (CMMs), laser trackers, and optical measurement systems. These devices can provide micron-level or even sub-micron-level measurement accuracy. Coordinate measuring machines (CMMs) are highly accurate measuring tools that obtain the three-dimensional coordinates of the measured points through contact probes or non-contact sensors. Laser trackers use laser beams to track and measure target points, which is particularly suitable for measuring large workpieces. Optical measurement systems such as structured light scanners or laser scanners can quickly obtain three-dimensional data of the measured points in a non-contact manner. The choice of these devices depends on the specific measurement requirements and workpiece size.

[0025] In step S12, the runout value of the measured axis is calculated according to the measured point coordinates and the reference point coordinates.

[0026] In one embodiment, based on the coordinates of the measured point and the coordinates of the reference point, the deviation distance is calculated according to the distance formula, and the deviation distance is combined into a deviation distance set. ; Select the maximum deviation distance from the deviation distance set as the runout value of the measured axis; is the deviation distance of the coordinates of the first measured point, is the deviation distance of the coordinates of the second measured point, is the deviation distance of the coordinates of the third measured point.

[0027] It is worth noting that the runout value refers to the maximum deviation of the measured shaft from the ideal axis during rotation. This value reflects the accuracy of the coaxiality, roundness and other geometric characteristics of the measured shaft. The runout value is one of the important indicators for evaluating the quality of shaft parts. By measuring and analyzing the runout value, the manufacturing accuracy and assembly quality of the shaft can be effectively judged. The ideal axis refers to the axis position specified on the design drawing, which is usually consistent with the center line of the measured shaft. The smaller the runout value, the better the coaxiality and roundness of the measured shaft, and the higher the manufacturing accuracy.

[0028] In step S13, the coordinates of the measurement site are obtained by calculating the coordinates of the reference point through a derivation method.

[0029] It is worth noting that the measurement site refers to a specific location selected on the object to be measured (such as a shaft, gear, hole, etc.) for measuring geometric dimensions and shapes. The coaxiality of the measured axis can be evaluated by subsequently measuring the distances from multiple sites to the reference axis.

[0030] In one implementation, the circular surface equation is calculated based on the reference point coordinates: in, are the coordinates of the reference point, R is the pre-obtained radius of the measured shaft, is the preset parameter; Calculated according to the minimization error function: Get the coordinates of the measurement site: in, are the coordinates of the measurement site, is the minimization error function, is the coordinate of the point to be measured, n is the number of points to be tested.

[0031] In one embodiment, the initial measurement site is determined on the circular surface and the inscribed circle of the circular surface respectively; the coordinate distance between the initial measurement site and the measured point is obtained, recorded as the first distance; the circular surface coordinate system is constructed with the initial measurement site as the origin; a measurement vector is determined, which is directed from the measured point to the initial measurement site; if the direction of the runout value of the measured axis in the circular surface coordinate system is the first direction, the circular surface coordinate system is rotated in the direction of the line connecting the measured point and the initial measurement site, so that the measurement vector is consistent with or opposite to the first direction; the coordinate origin is transferred from the reference point to the initial measurement site; a virtual measurement plane including the measured point, the coordinate origin and the measurement vector is constructed, and the plane is far away from the circular surface; a measurement line determined by the measured point and the coordinate origin is constructed on the measurement plane. The measurement plane is rotated around the coordinate origin for one circle, and the trajectory obtained by the rotation is used as the measurement trajectory. A set of measurement points is obtained according to the measurement trajectory, and the set includes all points within the first distance range from the measured point. A measurement site is selected from the set of measurement points as the final measurement site. A measurement plane set is constructed based on the measurement site set, and the set includes all measurement planes where the measurement sites exist.

[0032] In one embodiment, the measurement segment is considered: any two measurement points are selected from the measurement plane set, which are the first measurement site and the second measurement site. The first plane and the second plane are constructed through the first measurement site and the second measurement site, and their normal vectors are the first vector and the second vector respectively; the angle between the initial measurement site and the measured point and the first vector is calculated as the first angle, the angle between the initial measurement site and the measured point and the second vector is calculated as the second angle, and the angle between the first measurement site and the measured point and the first vector is calculated as the third angle. The first circle is constructed with the first distance as the radius and the first vector as the direction. The second circle is constructed with the second distance as the radius and the second vector as the direction. The first circle intersects with the second circle to obtain a measurement arc, which is the common intersection line of the first circle and the second circle. If the third angle is greater than the second angle, the normal vector of the first plane is pointed to the first circle, and the measurement arc passes through the first tangent point between the first circle and the second circle, which is recorded as the first tangent point. If the third angle is less than the second angle, and the absolute value of the third angle and the second angle is less than 90 , let the normal vector of the first plane point to the first distance direction, measure the arc through the second tangent point of the first circle and the second circle, record it as the second tangent point; if the third angle is greater than the second angle, and the absolute value of the third angle and the second angle is greater than 90 , then let the normal vector of the first plane point to the first circle, and the measuring arc passes through the third tangent point between the first circle and the second circle, which is recorded as the third tangent point. Rotate the first plane with the origin of the coordinate system to the position where the first tangent point or the second tangent point is located to determine the second measuring point. Determine at least one intermediate measuring point between the first plane and the second plane in the measuring plane set, determine the first plane set through the first measuring point and the intermediate measuring point, and determine the second plane set through the second measuring point and the intermediate measuring point. Reselect the second measuring point in the measuring plane set to ensure that it is not in the first plane set and the second plane set. Determine the third plane set through the reselected second measuring point and the intermediate measuring point. Determine the fourth plane through the first measuring point and the intermediate measuring point. The third circle intersects with the fourth circle to obtain a third measuring arc, which is used as the measuring arc segment corresponding to the measuring point.

[0033] In step S14, based on the measurement site coordinates, a coordinate calibration model is used to obtain corrected measurement site coordinates.

[0034] In one embodiment, the measurement site coordinates are used as the first measurement site coordinates; the distance between the first measurement site coordinates and the first measured point coordinates is used as the first distance; the measurement reference circle is used as the radius of the first distance; the first measurement site coordinates are moved toward the measurement reference circle to obtain the second measurement site coordinates; the coordinates of the center of the measurement reference circle are the reference point coordinates; the unit vector from the first measurement site coordinates to the reference point coordinates is calculated; according to the unit vector, the first measurement site coordinates are moved to the measurement reference circle; the second measurement site coordinates are located on the measurement reference circle. The distance between the second measurement site coordinates and the first measured point coordinates is calculated and recorded as the second distance; if the second distance is less than the first distance, the second measurement site coordinates are used as the corrected measurement site coordinates. Through the above steps, it can be ensured that the measurement site coordinates are located on the measurement reference circle after verification and adjustment, and that the distance between them and the first measured point meets the requirements.

[0035] In another embodiment, a high-precision measuring device, a three-coordinate measuring machine, is prepared. Design drawings and related parameters of the measured shaft are prepared. The measured shaft is fixed on the measuring platform. The target measurement site is selected and the calibration distance is calculated. From the outside to the inside of the inscribed circle of the circumferential surface, the first target measurement sites are selected one by one. The coordinate distance between each first target measurement site and the measured point is accurately measured using the measuring device. A measurement reference circle is constructed with the first distance as the radius and the measured point as the center. The coordinate distance from the first measurement site to the measured point is accurately measured using the measuring device. Each first target measurement site is moved onto the measurement reference circle to obtain a fourth target measurement point. The coordinate distance from the fourth target measurement point to the measured point is accurately measured using the measuring device. The fifth distance is compared with the calibration distance. If the fifth distance is less than the calibration distance, it is a qualified measurement site, and the next target measurement site is continued. Further, it also includes obtaining the coaxial detection result of the measured shaft, calculating the difference between the coordinate distance from each measurement site to the measured point and the runout value, which is the error value of each measurement site, and the error value is the error value of the measured shaft at the measurement site.

[0036] In step S15, the coaxial error value of the measured axis is calculated according to the corrected measurement site coordinates and the runout value; In one implementation, the coaxial error value is calculated by the following formula: in, is the jitter value, i To correct the measurement site number, j is the number of the measured point, for i Correction measurement site and j The angle between the measured points; in, for j The coordinates of the measured point, for i Correct the coordinates of the measurement site.

[0037] It is worth noting that in the step of determining the measured point on the end face of the measured shaft, multiple measured points are included, each of which corresponds to multiple measurement sites. In the step of determining the measurement sites on the circumferential surface of the shaft, multiple coordinate distances are obtained for multiple measurement sites corresponding to one measured point, and multiple error values ​​of the measured shaft at multiple measurement sites are calculated based on the multiple coordinate distances and runout values. Further, the coaxial detection result of the measured shaft is obtained based on the multiple error values. Further, the arithmetic mean of all error values ​​is calculated, and the arithmetic mean is the first coaxial error value of the measured shaft. Further, according to the partitioning method of the shaft end face, multiple coordinate distances in each measurement section are obtained, and multiple error values ​​of the measured shaft at multiple measurement sites are calculated based on the multiple coordinate distances and runout values. The arithmetic mean of the multiple error values ​​of each measurement section is calculated, and the arithmetic mean is the second coaxial error value of each measurement section. Further, the arithmetic mean of all error values ​​in each measurement section is calculated, and the arithmetic mean is the third coaxial error value of the measured shaft.

[0038] In step S16, a judgment is made based on the coaxial error value. If the coaxial error value is less than a preset error reference value, the axis is determined to be qualified.

[0039] It is worth noting that in actual operation, this preset error reference value is usually determined based on the design requirements, manufacturing process and final use environment of the product. For example, in the manufacture of high-precision mechanical parts, the preset error reference value is very strict and is measured in microns; while in some applications where the accuracy requirements are not so high, the preset error reference value will be relatively loose. When performing coaxial error detection, the coaxial error value of each measurement site needs to be obtained first. These error values ​​are calculated by accurately measuring the deviation between each site and the reference point. Once the coaxial error values ​​of all measurement sites have been determined, the next step is to compare these error values ​​with the preset error reference value. If there is any measurement site whose coaxial error value is greater than or equal to the preset error reference value, the measured axis will be judged as unqualified. For example, suppose that the coaxiality of a precision machine tool spindle is being detected. According to industry standards and design requirements, the preset error reference value is set to 0.01 mm. In the actual measurement process, multiple measurement sites are selected and the coaxial error value of each site is calculated. If the coaxial error value of one of the measurement sites is 0.012 mm, this obviously exceeds the preset error reference value of 0.01 mm. In this case, even if the coaxial error values ​​of all other measurement sites are within the allowable range, the entire spindle will be judged as unqualified.

[0040] It is worth noting that for unqualified cases, it is usually necessary to further analyze the causes and take corrective measures. For example, check the calibration of the equipment, readjust the processing parameters, improve the fixture design or optimize the production process. Through these measures, product quality can be gradually improved, the unqualified rate can be reduced, and ultimately higher production efficiency can be achieved.

[0041] In summary, the present invention discloses a method for detecting an axis, which is used to accurately obtain the coordinates of the measured point and the reference point on the end face of the measured axis, and to judge the axis qualification based on the coaxial error value. By accurately checking the position of the measuring site, the coaxiality deviation caused by the coordinate measurement error is reduced, and the overall measurement accuracy is improved. The use of high-precision measuring equipment such as a three-coordinate measuring machine (CMM), a laser tracker, and an optical measurement system can provide micron-level or even submicron-level measurement accuracy to ensure the accuracy of the data. Fixed reference points and standardized measurement methods are used to ensure the consistency of each measurement, and the influence of human factors on the measurement results is reduced through systematic steps and clear operation procedures. Based on accurate measurement results, problems existing in product design can be analyzed more accurately, and the design can be improved accordingly, thereby improving the reliability and service life of the product. Accurate coaxiality measurement helps to ensure the assembly accuracy and operating performance of mechanical parts. The coordinate value of each measured point and its verification process are recorded in detail to facilitate subsequent analysis and traceability, and support quality control and continuous improvement. The data record includes information such as date, time, measurement personnel, and equipment model used to ensure the integrity and traceability of the data. By setting the preset error reference value, the process of judging the shaft eligibility is simplified and production efficiency is improved. Automated data processing and judgment steps reduce manual intervention and the risk of misjudgment. This method is applicable to workpieces of various sizes and shapes. Whether it is a small precision part or a large structural part, it can be accurately measured by selecting the appropriate high-precision measuring equipment. It is also applicable to the machining, quality control and product inspection needs of different industries, significantly improving product quality and production efficiency.

[0042] Reference Figure 2 A second embodiment of the present invention provides a shaft detection system, comprising: A data acquisition module, used to acquire the coordinates of the measured point on the end face of the measured shaft and the coordinates of the reference point on the end face of the measured shaft; A runout value module, used to calculate the runout value of the measured axis according to the measured point coordinates and the reference point coordinates; A measurement site module, used to obtain the measurement site coordinates by calculating the reference point coordinates through a derivation method; A coordinate verification module, used to obtain corrected measurement site coordinates according to the measurement site coordinates through a coordinate verification model; A coaxial error module, used for calculating the coaxial error value of the measured axis according to the corrected measurement site coordinates and the runout value; The qualified judgment module is used to judge that the axis is qualified according to the coaxial error value if the coaxial error value is less than a preset error reference value.

[0043] Preferably, the data acquisition module is used to: Obtain the coordinates of the measured point on the end face of the measured shaft and the coordinates of the reference point on the end face of the measured shaft, including: Obtaining coordinates of a first measured point and a second measured point on the end surface of the measured shaft; Acquire the coordinates of a third measured point outside the line connecting the coordinates of the first measured point and the coordinates of the second measured point; wherein the coordinates of the measured point include the coordinates of the first measured point, the coordinates of the second measured point, and the coordinates of the third measured point; Obtain the coordinates of the intersection of the center line of the measured shaft and the end face as the reference point coordinates.

[0044] It is worth mentioning that in the actual operation process, in order to accurately obtain the coordinates of the measured points and the reference points on the end face of the measured shaft, high-precision measuring equipment and technology must be used. Commonly used high-precision measuring equipment includes but is not limited to three-dimensional coordinate measuring machines (CMMs), laser trackers, and optical measurement systems. These devices can provide micron-level or even sub-micron-level measurement accuracy. The three-dimensional coordinate measuring machine (CMM) is a highly accurate measurement tool that obtains the three-dimensional coordinates of the measured points through contact probes or non-contact sensors. The laser tracker uses a laser beam to track and measure the target point, which is particularly suitable for measuring large workpieces. Optical measurement systems such as structured light scanners or laser scanners can quickly obtain three-dimensional data of the measured points in a non-contact manner. According to the size, shape and measurement requirements of the measured shaft, select the most suitable high-precision measuring equipment. For example, for small precision parts, CMM is the best choice; for large structural parts, laser trackers are more suitable. Use the selected measuring equipment to accurately measure the coordinates of each measured point. Ensure that external interference, such as vibration and temperature changes, is avoided during the measurement process. Record the coordinates of each measured point in detail, and mark the date, time, measurement personnel, equipment model used, etc. Calculate the coaxial error value and other geometric characteristics based on the measurement data to evaluate whether the measured axis meets the design requirements.

[0045] Preferably, the jitter value module is used to: Calculating the runout value of the measured axis according to the measured point coordinates and the reference point coordinates, including: Based on the coordinates of the measured point and the reference point, the deviation distance is calculated according to the distance formula, and the deviation distance is combined into a deviation distance set. ; Selecting the maximum deviation distance from the deviation distance set as the runout value of the measured axis; in is the deviation distance of the coordinates of the first measured point, is the deviation distance of the coordinates of the second measured point, is the deviation distance of the coordinates of the third measured point.

[0046] Preferably, the measurement site module is used for: According to the coordinates of the reference point, the coordinates of the measurement site are obtained by calculation through the derivation method, including: The circular surface equation is calculated based on the coordinates of the reference point: in, are the coordinates of the reference point, R is the pre-obtained radius of the measured shaft, is the preset parameter; Calculated according to the minimization error function: Get the coordinates of the measurement site: in, are the coordinates of the measurement site, is the minimization error function, is the coordinate of the point to be measured, n is the number of points to be tested.

[0047] Preferably, the initial measurement site is determined on the circular surface and the inscribed circle of the circular surface respectively; the coordinate distance between the initial measurement site and the measured point is obtained, recorded as the first distance; the circular surface coordinate system is constructed with the initial measurement site as the origin; a measurement vector is determined, which is directed from the measured point to the initial measurement site; if the direction of the runout value of the measured axis in the circular surface coordinate system is the first direction, the circular surface coordinate system is rotated in the direction of the line connecting the measured point and the initial measurement site, so that the measurement vector is consistent with or opposite to the first direction; the coordinate origin is transferred from the reference point to the initial measurement site; a virtual measurement plane including the measured point, the coordinate origin and the measurement vector is constructed, and the plane is far away from the circular surface; a measurement line determined by the measured point and the coordinate origin is constructed on the measurement plane. The measurement plane is rotated around the coordinate origin for one circle, and the trajectory obtained by the rotation is used as the measurement trajectory. A set of measurement points is obtained according to the measurement trajectory, and the set includes all points within the first distance range from the measured point. A measurement site is selected from the set of measurement points as the final measurement site. A measurement plane set is constructed based on the measurement site set, and the set includes all measurement planes where the measurement sites exist.

[0048] Preferably, the coordinate verification module is used to: According to the measurement site coordinates, the coordinates of the corrected measurement site are obtained through a coordinate verification model, including: Using the measurement site coordinates as first measurement site coordinates; Taking the distance between the first measurement site coordinates and the first measured point coordinates as a first distance; Taking the first distance as the radius as a measurement reference circle; Move the first measurement site coordinates toward the measurement reference circle to obtain the second measurement site coordinates; Calculate the distance between the coordinates of the second measurement site and the coordinates of the first measured point, and record it as a second distance; If the second distance is smaller than the first distance, the second measurement site coordinates are used as the corrected measurement site coordinates.

[0049] Preferably, the moving the first measurement site coordinates toward the measurement reference circle to obtain the second measurement site coordinates includes: The coordinates of the center of the measurement reference circle are the reference point coordinates; Calculating a unit vector from the coordinates of the first measurement site to the coordinates of the reference point; According to the unit vector, the coordinates of the first measurement site are moved to the measurement reference circle; The coordinates of the second measurement site are located on the measurement reference circle.

[0050] Preferably, a high-precision measuring device, a three-coordinate measuring machine, is prepared. The design drawings and related parameters of the measured shaft are prepared. The measured shaft is fixed on the measuring platform. The target measurement site is selected and the calibration distance is calculated. From the outside to the inside of the inscribed circle of the circumferential surface, the first target measurement sites are selected one by one. The coordinate distance between each first target measurement site and the measured point is accurately measured using the measuring device. A measurement reference circle is constructed with the first distance as the radius and the measured point as the center. The coordinate distance from the first measurement site to the measured point is accurately measured using the measuring device. Each first target measurement site is moved onto the measurement reference circle to obtain a fourth target measurement point. The coordinate distance from the fourth target measurement point to the measured point is accurately measured using the measuring device. Compare the fifth distance with the calibration distance. If the fifth distance is less than the calibration distance, it is a qualified measurement site, and the next target measurement site is continued. Further, it also includes obtaining the coaxial detection result of the measured shaft, calculating the difference between the coordinate distance from each measurement site to the measured point and the runout value, which is the error value of each measurement site, and the error value is the error value of the measured shaft at the measurement site.

[0051] Preferably, the coaxial error module is used to: Calculating the coaxial error value of the measured axis according to the corrected measurement site coordinates and the runout value includes: The coaxial error value is calculated by the following formula: in, is the jitter value, i To correct the measurement site number, j is the number of the measured point, for i Correction measurement site and j The angle between the measured points; in, for j The coordinates of the measured point, for i Correct the coordinates of the measurement site.

[0052] Preferably, the qualification judgment module is used to: According to the coaxial error value, if the coaxial error value is less than a preset error reference value, the axis is determined to be qualified.

[0053] It should be noted that an axis detection system provided in an embodiment of the present invention is used to execute all process steps of an axis detection method in the above embodiment, and the working principles and beneficial effects of the two correspond one to one, so they will not be repeated here.

[0054] The embodiment of the present invention further provides an electronic device. The electronic device includes: a processor, a memory, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, such as a coordinate verification program. When the processor executes the computer program, the steps in the above-mentioned detection method embodiments of each axis are implemented, such as Figure 1 Alternatively, when the processor executes the computer program, the functions of the modules / units in the above-mentioned device embodiments are realized, such as the data acquisition module.

[0055] Exemplarily, the computer program may be divided into one or more modules / units, which are stored in the memory and executed by the processor to implement the present invention. The one or more modules / units may be a series of computer program instruction segments capable of implementing specific functions, which are used to describe the execution process of the computer program in the electronic device.

[0056] The electronic device may be a computing device such as a desktop computer, a notebook, a PDA, and a smart tablet. The electronic device may include, but is not limited to, a processor and a memory. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the above components are merely examples of electronic devices and do not constitute a limitation on the electronic device. The electronic device may include more or fewer components than the above components, or may combine certain components, or different components. For example, the electronic device may also include input and output devices, network access devices, buses, etc.

[0057] The processor may be a central processing unit (CPU), other general-purpose processors, digital signal processors (DSP), application-specific integrated circuits (ASIC), field-programmable gate arrays (FPGA) or other programmable logic devices, discrete gate or transistor logic devices, discrete hardware components, etc. A general-purpose processor may be a microprocessor or any conventional processor, etc. The processor is the control center of the electronic device, and uses various interfaces and lines to connect various parts of the entire electronic device.

[0058] The memory can be used to store the computer program and / or module, and the processor realizes various functions of the electronic device by running or executing the computer program and / or module stored in the memory, and calling the data stored in the memory. The memory can mainly include a program storage area and a data storage area, wherein the program storage area can store an operating system, an application required for at least one function (such as a sound playback function, an image playback function, etc.), etc.; the data storage area can store data created according to the use of the mobile phone (such as audio data, a phone book, etc.), etc. In addition, the memory can include a high-speed random access memory, and can also include a non-volatile memory, such as a hard disk, a memory, a plug-in hard disk, a smart memory card (Smart Media Card, SMC), a secure digital (Secure Digital, SD) card, a flash card (Flash Card), at least one disk storage device, a flash memory device, or other volatile solid-state storage devices.

[0059] Wherein, if the module / unit integrated in the electronic device is implemented in the form of a software functional unit and sold or used as an independent product, it can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. Based on such an understanding, the present invention implements all or part of the processes in the above-mentioned embodiment method, and can also be completed by instructing the relevant hardware through a computer program. The computer program can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium, and the computer program can implement the steps of the above-mentioned various method embodiments when executed by the processor. Wherein, the computer program includes computer program code, and the computer program code can be in source code form, object code form, executable file or some intermediate form. The computer-readable medium may include: any entity or device capable of carrying the computer program code, recording medium, U disk, mobile hard disk, disk, optical disk, computer memory, read-only memory (ROM, Read-Only Memory), random access memory (RAM, Random Access Memory), electric carrier signal, telecommunication signal and software distribution medium. It should be noted that the content contained in the computer-readable medium can be appropriately increased or decreased according to the requirements of legislation and patent practice in the jurisdiction. For example, in some jurisdictions, according to legislation and patent practice, computer-readable media do not include electric carrier signals and telecommunication signals.

[0060] It should be noted that the device embodiments described above are merely schematic, wherein the units described as separate components may or may not be physically separated, and the components displayed as units may or may not be physical units, that is, they may be located in one place, or they may be distributed on multiple network units. Some or all of the modules may be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the scheme of this embodiment. In addition, in the accompanying drawings of the device embodiments provided by the present invention, the connection relationship between the modules indicates that there is a communication connection between them, which may be specifically implemented as one or more communication buses or signal lines. A person of ordinary skill in the art may understand and implement it without paying any creative effort.

[0061] The specific embodiments described above further illustrate the purpose, technical solutions and beneficial effects of the present invention. It should be understood that the above description is only a specific embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. It is particularly pointed out that for those skilled in the art, any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for detecting an axis, characterized in that: include: Obtaining the coordinates of the measured point on the end surface of the measured shaft and the coordinates of the reference point on the end surface of the measured shaft; Calculating the runout value of the measured axis according to the measured point coordinates and the reference point coordinates; According to the coordinates of the reference point, the coordinates of the measuring point are calculated by a derivation method; According to the measurement site coordinates, a corrected measurement site coordinates are obtained through a coordinate verification model; Calculating the coaxial error value of the measured axis according to the corrected measurement site coordinates and the runout value; A judgment is made based on the coaxial error value. If the coaxial error value is less than a preset error reference value, the axis is determined to be qualified.

2. The shaft detection method according to claim 1, characterized in that: Obtain the coordinates of the measured point on the end face of the measured shaft and the coordinates of the reference point on the end face of the measured shaft, including: Obtaining coordinates of a first measured point and a second measured point on the end surface of the measured shaft; Acquire the coordinates of a third measured point outside the line connecting the coordinates of the first measured point and the coordinates of the second measured point; wherein the coordinates of the measured point include the coordinates of the first measured point, the coordinates of the second measured point, and the coordinates of the third measured point; Obtain the coordinates of the intersection of the center line of the measured shaft and the end face as the reference point coordinates.

3. The shaft detection method according to claim 2, characterized in that: Calculating the runout value of the measured axis according to the measured point coordinates and the reference point coordinates, including: Based on the coordinates of the measured point and the reference point, the deviation distance is calculated according to the distance formula, and the deviation distance is combined into a deviation distance set. ; Selecting the maximum deviation distance from the deviation distance set as the runout value of the measured shaft; in is the deviation distance of the coordinates of the first measured point, is the deviation distance of the coordinates of the second measured point, is the deviation distance of the coordinates of the third measured point.

4. The shaft detection method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The step of calculating the coordinates of the measuring site by a derivation method based on the coordinates of the reference point includes: The circular surface equation is calculated based on the coordinates of the reference point: in, are the coordinates of the reference point, R is the pre-obtained radius of the measured shaft, is the preset parameter; Calculated according to the minimization error function: Get the coordinates of the measurement site: in, are the coordinates of the measurement site, is the minimization error function, is the coordinate of the point to be measured, n is the number of points to be tested.

5. The shaft detection method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The method of obtaining the corrected measurement site coordinates according to the measurement site coordinates through a coordinate verification model includes: Using the measurement site coordinates as first measurement site coordinates; Taking the distance between the first measurement site coordinates and the first measured point coordinates as a first distance; Taking the first distance as the radius as a measurement reference circle; Move the first measurement site coordinates toward the measurement reference circle to obtain the second measurement site coordinates; Calculate the distance between the coordinates of the second measurement site and the coordinates of the first measured point, and record it as a second distance; If the second distance is smaller than the first distance, the second measurement site coordinates are used as the corrected measurement site coordinates.

6. The shaft detection method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The step of calculating the coaxial error value of the measured axis according to the corrected measurement site coordinates and the runout value comprises: The coaxial error value is calculated by the following formula: in, is the jitter value, i To correct the measurement site number, j is the number of the measured point, for i Correction measurement site and j The angle between the measured points; in, for j The coordinates of the measured point, for i Correct the coordinates of the measurement site.

7. The shaft detection method according to claim 5, characterized in that: The step of moving the first measurement site coordinates toward the measurement reference circle to obtain the second measurement site coordinates includes: The coordinates of the center of the measurement reference circle are the reference point coordinates; Calculating a unit vector from the coordinates of the first measurement site to the coordinates of the reference point; According to the unit vector, the coordinates of the first measurement site are moved to the measurement reference circle; The coordinates of the second measurement site are located on the measurement reference circle.

8. A shaft detection system, characterized in that: include: A data acquisition module, used to acquire the coordinates of the measured point on the end face of the measured shaft and the coordinates of the reference point on the end face of the measured shaft; A runout value module, used to calculate the runout value of the measured axis according to the measured point coordinates and the reference point coordinates; A measurement site module, used to obtain the measurement site coordinates by calculating the reference point coordinates through a derivation method; A coordinate verification module, used to obtain corrected measurement site coordinates according to the measurement site coordinates through a coordinate verification model; A coaxial error module, used for calculating the coaxial error value of the measured axis according to the corrected measurement site coordinates and the runout value; The qualified judgment module is used to judge that the axis is qualified according to the coaxial error value if the coaxial error value is less than a preset error reference value.

9. An electronic device, characterized in that: The invention comprises a processor, a memory, and a computer program stored in the memory and configured to be executed by the processor, wherein the processor implements the shaft detection method according to any one of claims 1 to 7 when executing the computer program.

10. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that: The computer-readable storage medium includes a stored computer program, wherein when the computer program is executed, the device where the computer-readable storage medium is located is controlled to execute the shaft detection method according to any one of claims 1 to 7.

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