Device and method for improving livestock manure decomposition and feeding back to soil

Abstract

The invention discloses a device for improving livestock manure decomposition and soil feedback, which mainly comprises a manure receiving funnel, a manure mixing bucket, an old manure throwing bucket and a fixing device belt, the manure receiving funnel is connected with the manure mixing bucket, one end of the fixing device belt is connected to the manure mixing bucket, and the other end of the fixing device belt is free; a manure mixing platform, a manure separating net I and a manure separating net II are respectively arranged in the manure mixing bucket from top to bottom, and manure leaking holes are uniformly formed in the manure mixing platform; and a manure throwing lever is arranged between the upper opening and the manure mixing platform. Accordingly, a corresponding method is also established. The device is simple in structure, convenient to machine, operate and install, environmentally friendly and free of pollution, and capital cost is saved. Wherein through the manure mixing platform, the manure separating net I and the manure separating net II, the manure can be thoroughly crushed to accelerate the decomposition of the manure; the added straw powder and composted old manure mixed powder can accelerate decomposition of livestock manure and feed back trace elements of land, promote improvement of grassland soil conditions, reduce the number of manure spots, improve soil environment quality and realize novel ecological recyclable grazing.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of ecological environment protection and soil microbial restoration, and in particular relates to a device (referred to as a new and old manure mixer) for improving the decomposition and feedback of livestock manure to soil and a method thereof. Background Art

[0002] With the continuous development of the economy, the scale of animal husbandry is constantly expanding, and the excretion pollutants brought about by daily animal husbandry production are also increasing. If these excrements are not handled in time or are not effectively treated, they will cause harm to the environment around the breeding production base.

[0003] Energy flow and material circulation are important functional processes of terrestrial ecosystems. Among them, the decomposition of animal excrement is an important way to return the energy and nutrients contained in it to the grassland ecosystem. In grassland ecosystems, the decomposition of grazing livestock manure plays an important role in maintaining the balance of the system.

[0004] In the material cycle of grazing grassland ecosystems, nutrients circulate and migrate between soil, plants, animals and litter. Among them, animals consume nutrients and return them to the grassland in the form of excrement, which is a significant input pathway for grassland ecosystems. Some people believe that herders collecting cow dung from grasslands for fuel or selling it as other energy sources will reduce or even cut off the material cycle and energy flow between "soil-plant-animal" in grassland ecosystems, causing grassland soil nutrient loss, leading to soil nutrient imbalance, soil structure deterioration, and ultimately grassland degradation. For grassland ecosystems with poor soil nutrition or no fertilizer, the nutrients contained in the excrement of grazing livestock and plant litter are the main input pathways. The recycling of limiting nutrients such as N, P, and K is the basic guarantee for the sustainable development of grassland livestock production systems. In grassland ecosystems, the biogeochemical pathways of nitrogen are mainly carried out between the atmosphere, soil, plants, animals, microorganisms, etc., and can be divided into internal and external cycles. The external cycle process refers to the process of nitrogen input into and output from the ecosystem. The internal cycle process refers to the transformation of nitrogen chemical forms and the transfer process between different pools in the system. Underhay and Dickinson found that in grazing grasslands, a large proportion of the nutrients ingested by cattle are returned to the environment through excrement, and the proportions of important nutrients such as P, K, Ca, Mg, and Na are approximately 65%, 11%, 78%, 80%, and 29%, respectively; during the decomposition of cow dung, soluble mineral ions can only be leached out when there is a long period of precipitation, and Mg is extremely difficult to be leached out by rainwater. Within two months in summer, the organic matter in the dung is lost by 15%, the energy value is reduced by 18%, and the decrease in the organic matter content in the dung leads to the concentration of Ca, Mg, and N in the dung. The flux of the internal cycle of nitrogen is much greater than that of the external cycle. The nitrogen transformation process in grassland soil is an important part of the internal cycle, which is of great significance for revealing the mechanism of grassland ecosystem functions and biogeochemical cycle processes.

[0005] During the decomposition of cow dung, the weight and fiber content change greatly in the early stage, and then the change slows down. Within 0-5 days of cow dung decomposition, the easily decomposable organic nitrogen is mineralized quickly, and the activity of dung beetles can be ignored at this time; after 15 days, the activity of dung beetles accelerates or initiates another ammoniation process in the residual cow dung or dung balls. This is an aerobic process caused by the rapid decrease in the humidity of cow dung. The organic nitrogen in the cow dung fragments (especially the dung blocks buried by dung beetles in the upper layer of the soil) undergoes nitrification while mineralizing.

[0006] The accumulation of manure on grasslands will have an important impact on grassland ecosystems. Research results show that the accumulation of cow dung on grasslands will cause dung spots to form in grassland ecosystems, increase the content of soil moisture, organic matter, total nitrogen, total phosphorus and total potassium under the cow dung pile, and reduce the soil pH value, thereby improving the physical and chemical properties of the soil and being unfavorable for the growth of surrounding plants. However, livestock refuse to eat the grass around them, resulting in the waste of some grassland resources and the reduction of primary productivity. Feces contain a large amount of undigested organic matter, which can cause multi-faceted pollution and harm to the atmosphere, water bodies, soil, and organisms. In addition, a large amount of livestock feces allows mosquitoes, flies, pathogens and parasites to spread, leading to the occurrence of zoonotic diseases and seriously endangering the health of humans and animals. Animal manure contains a large amount of phosphorus, which can promote plant growth within a certain amount. However, once the amount of phosphorus entering the soil exceeds the standard, the soil structure will change. After fermentation, livestock and poultry manure will produce hydrogen sulfide, ammonia, methyl indole, methyl mercaptan and other low-level fatty acids, which will then have an adverse effect on the growth of crops and may even cause great losses to agricultural production.

[0007] At present, livestock and poultry manure contains a large amount of nutrients such as organic matter, N, P, K, fat, crude protein, calcium, etc., and there must be a breakthrough in the development and utilization mode of livestock and poultry manure, so that livestock and poultry manure can be used efficiently while reducing pollution. At present, the resource processing technologies for livestock and poultry manure in my country mainly include word material, energy and fertilizer. Livestock and poultry manure fermentation is widely used in the process of intensive development. There are many ways to ferment livestock and poultry manure, and composting is a common method. Composting can be divided into anaerobic composting and aerobic composting. Aerobic composting has a wider range of applications. At present, considering the problems of incomplete fermentation, long time, strong odor, and serious nitrogen loss in traditional composting, it is necessary to appropriately adjust the physical and chemical parameters of the pile, change the structure of the compost microbial community, and inoculate the already produced efficient fermentation microorganisms to make the compost quickly decompose. At the bacterial genus level, the dominant genus in the warming period is the unidentified Rhizobium genus, the high temperature period is the Bacillus genus, and the cooling period is the Nocardia genus.

[0008] In the existing grazing ecosystem, many organisms are related to the feces of grazing livestock, and arthropods and microorganisms are the main groups. The main way to deal with livestock feces is to rely on the activities of various arthropods (such as beetles, dung beetles and E. coli) to accelerate the fragmentation and decomposition rate of cow dung. Due to the large volume and high viscosity of livestock feces (such as cow dung and horse dung), the traditional decomposition method of livestock feces has the disadvantages of long decomposition time and incomplete decomposition. Summary of the invention

[0009] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a device and method for improving the decomposition and feedback of livestock manure to the soil, which has a simple structure, is easy to use and is environmentally friendly, so as to promote the improvement of grassland soil conditions and realize a new type of ecologically recyclable grazing.

[0010] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0011] The device for improving the decomposition and feedback of livestock manure to soil mainly comprises a manure receiving funnel, a manure mixing bucket and an old manure bucket. The manure receiving funnel is connected to the manure mixing bucket, one end of a fixing device belt is connected to the manure mixing bucket and the other end is free; the manure receiving funnel has a manure inlet and a manure outlet, the manure mixing bucket has an upper opening and a lower opening, the manure inlet is located above the upper opening and faces the upper opening; a manure mixing platform, a manure dividing net one and a manure dividing net two are respectively arranged in the manure mixing bucket from top to bottom, and manure holes are evenly arranged on the manure mixing platform; a manure throwing lever is arranged between the lower part of the upper opening and the manure mixing platform, the manure throwing lever is arranged through a fulcrum arranged in the manure mixing bucket, the tail end of the manure throwing lever has a lever platform and is located below the manure outlet, and the head end of the manure throwing lever is spirally connected to the old manure bucket; the old manure bucket is in the shape of a semi-spherical shell, and the semi-spherical shell opening faces upward.

[0012] The manure receiving funnel is made of PPR waterproof material; the manure mixing platform is made of aluminum alloy; manure separation net one and manure separation net two are made of nylon; the manure lever is made of stainless steel; the old manure bucket is made of PVC.

[0013] The diameter of the manure holes in the manure mixing platform is larger than that of the meshes in the manure separation net 1 and the manure separation net 2.

[0014] The dung separating net one and the dung separating net two are shaped like the face of a badminton racket.

[0015] A powder leakage hole is arranged at the end of the semi-spherical shell.

[0016] The fixing device belt is an elastic waterproof retractable belt, and Velcro buckles are provided at the connection points of both ends of the belt.

[0017] The above device is used to improve the decomposition of livestock manure and feed it back to the soil.

[0018] A method for improving the decomposition of livestock manure and returning it to the soil, using the above device to treat livestock manure.

[0019] The above method for improving the decomposition and feeding back of livestock manure to the soil is as follows: the above device is fixed on the livestock, and straw powder and a mixed powder of decomposed old manure are added into the old manure hopper through the old manure inlet opening; when fresh livestock manure falls, due to the action of the manure throwing lever, the straw powder and the mixed powder of decomposed old manure are thrown onto the fresh manure on the manure mixing platform to promote its drying and decomposition, and the fresh manure is decomposed into small-volume manure blocks by the manure mixing platform, the first manure dividing net and the second manure dividing net, and finally falls on the grass and is decomposed.

[0020] In view of the current problem of livestock manure decomposition and treatment, the inventor has designed a device for improving the decomposition and return of livestock manure to the soil, which mainly includes a manure receiving funnel, a manure mixing bucket and an old manure bucket, and a fixing device belt. The manure receiving funnel is connected to the manure mixing bucket, one end of the fixing device belt is connected to the manure mixing bucket and the other end is free; the manure receiving funnel has a manure inlet and a manure outlet, the manure mixing bucket has an upper opening and a lower opening, and the manure outlet is located above the upper opening and faces the upper opening; a manure mixing platform and a manure separation net are respectively arranged from top to bottom in the manure mixing bucket. and a manure separation net; manure holes are evenly arranged on the manure mixing platform; a manure throwing lever is arranged between the lower part of the upper opening and the manure mixing platform, the manure throwing lever is arranged through a fulcrum arranged in the manure mixing bucket, the tail end of the manure throwing lever has a lever platform and is located below the manure outlet, and the head end of the manure throwing lever is spirally connected to the old manure throwing bucket; an old manure inlet opening connected to the mixing bucket is arranged on the outer wall of the manure mixing bucket, a handle is arranged on the outside of the old manure inlet opening, and the outlet of the old manure inlet opening is located above the old manure throwing bucket; the old manure throwing bucket is in the shape of a semi-spherical shell, and the semi-spherical shell opening faces upward. Based on this, the inventor has also established a corresponding method, that is, the above device is fixed on the livestock, and straw powder and decomposed old manure mixed powder are added to the old manure bucket through the old manure inlet opening; when the fresh manure of the livestock falls, due to the action of the manure throwing lever, the straw powder and the decomposed old manure mixed powder are thrown on the fresh manure on the manure mixing platform to promote its drying and decomposition, and the fresh manure is decomposed into small-volume manure blocks by the manure mixing platform, the manure separation net 1 and the manure separation net 2, and finally falls on the grass to be decomposed. The device of the present invention has a simple structure, is easy to process and operate, saves capital costs, is easy to install, and is environmentally friendly and pollution-free. The present invention and method can be used to improve the efficiency of livestock manure decomposition and feedback to the soil, wherein, through the one-by-one treatment of the manure mixing platform, the manure separation net one and the manure separation net two, the manure can be completely crushed and accelerated to be decomposed, which is helpful for decomposition and absorption on the soil surface; the added straw powder and the decomposed old manure mixed powder can reduce the viscosity of fresh manure, and the microbial colonies in the old manure can accelerate and promote the growth of various biological colonies such as cellulose, oil, protein bacteria, etc. in new livestock manure, thereby accelerating the decomposition of livestock manure and feedback of trace elements to the land, promoting the improvement of grassland soil conditions, and further achieving the goal of reducing the number of manure spots and improving soil environmental quality, realizing an ecologically recyclable new grazing. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0021] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the longitudinal structure of the device for improving the decomposition of livestock manure and feeding it back to the soil according to the present invention.

[0022] Figure 2 The enlarged structural schematic diagram of the manure separation net in the device for improving the decomposition of livestock manure and feeding it back to the soil of the present invention.

[0023] Figure 3 It is a front expanded structural schematic diagram of the device for improving the decomposition and feeding back of livestock manure to the soil according to the present invention.

[0024] Figure 4 The present invention is a schematic diagram of the use of the device for improving the decomposition of livestock manure and feeding it back to the soil.

[0025] In the figure: 1. manure receiving funnel; 2. manure mixing bucket; 3. old manure inlet opening; 4. old manure bucket; 5. manure throwing lever; 6. manure dividing net one; 7. manure dividing net two; 8. manure mixing platform; 9. manure inlet; 10. fixing device belt. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0026] 1. Basic structure

[0027] The device for improving the decomposition of livestock manure and feeding it back to the soil mainly comprises a manure receiving funnel 1, a manure mixing bucket 2, an old manure bucket 4 and a fixing device belt 10. The manure receiving funnel is connected to the manure mixing bucket, and one end of the fixing device belt is connected to the manure mixing bucket and the other end is free.

[0028] The manure receiving funnel has a manure inlet 9 and a manure outlet, and the manure mixing bucket has an upper opening and a lower opening, and the manure outlet is located above the upper opening and faces the upper opening. The shape of the manure receiving funnel fits the body structure of the livestock and can receive the manure of the livestock. The manure receiving funnel is made of PPR waterproof material, which has the characteristics of strong plasticity, light weight, corrosion resistance, no pollution to the environment, no impact on the health of animals, etc. It is easy to wear, can be used repeatedly, saves costs, and can be transparently observed when the shape is solidified to see if it is blocked.

[0029] A mixing platform 8, a manure separation net 1 6 and a manure separation net 2 7 are arranged from top to bottom in the mixing bucket. Manure leakage holes are evenly arranged on the mixing platform, and the diameter of the manure leakage holes is larger than the mesh holes in the manure separation net 1 and the manure separation net 2. The mixing platform is made of aluminum alloy, which has the characteristics of low density, light weight, good corrosion resistance, high tensile strength and high elongation. A certain number of manure leakage holes (such as 25, 36, etc.) on the platform can initially crush the new and old mixed cow dung. The manure separation net 1 and the manure separation net 2 are both made of nylon material, which is shaped like a badminton racket and is scattered at the bottom of the device to completely crush the manure. Nylon material has high mechanical strength, good toughness, high tensile and compressive strength, outstanding wear resistance, high softening point, heat resistance, smooth surface, low friction coefficient, corrosion resistance, self-extinguishing, non-toxic, odorless, and good weather resistance. In addition, the material has excellent electrical properties, and the parts are light in weight, easy to dye and easy to form. Livestock manure can be further crushed when it contacts the manure separation net, thereby reducing the formation of manure spots exponentially, completely fragmenting the livestock manure, and accelerating the decomposition of livestock manure.

[0030] A manure lever 5 is provided between the lower part of the upper opening and the manure mixing platform. The manure lever is provided through a fulcrum provided in the manure mixing bucket. The tail end of the manure lever has a lever platform and is located below the manure outlet. The head end of the manure lever is spirally connected to the manure bucket. The outer wall of the manure mixing bucket is provided with a manure inlet opening 3 connected to the manure mixing bucket. The manure inlet opening is provided with an external handle for easy opening. The outlet of the manure inlet opening is located above the manure bucket. The manure inlet opening is opened through the handle of the manure inlet opening to add special straw powder and decomposed manure mixed powder. The manure bucket is in the shape of a semi-spherical shell, and the semi-spherical shell opening is connected to the manure lever upward. The manure lever is made of stainless steel, which is moisture-proof and rust-proof, safe and environmentally friendly, easy to clean, and highly corrosion-resistant.

[0031] The old manure bucket is made of PVC material, which is very waterproof, wear-resistant, anti-microbial, easy to care for, light, can be used repeatedly, and saves costs. The old manure bucket and the manure lever are detachably connected, easy to install and disassemble.

[0032] The fixing device belt is an elastic waterproof retractable belt (adjustable according to the size of the livestock, such as 2.5m according to the waist circumference of the cow), and both ends of the connection are equipped with Velcro buckles. Velcro can prevent the device from falling off when the livestock encounters high temperatures outdoors, because its high temperature resistance can ensure normal use during high temperature operations. Velcro is not restricted by seasons. Regardless of the season, dry or wet, Velcro has strong adhesion and rarely falls off. When it encounters water or rainy days outdoors, the waterproofness of Velcro makes it still usable even if it falls into the water. Velcro is easy to wear and remove, and its soft texture will not make livestock feel restrained, which is convenient for their normal activities and grazing.

[0033] 2. Usage

[0034] The above device is fixed on the livestock, and the manure inlet is opened through the handle of the old manure inlet opening to add special straw powder and decomposed old manure mixed powder into the old manure hopper. When the fresh manure of the livestock falls, due to the action of the manure lever, the straw powder and the decomposed old manure mixed powder are thrown on the fresh manure on the manure mixing platform to mix, promote its drying and decomposition, and the mixed fresh manure is decomposed into small-volume manure blocks by the manure mixing platform, manure separation net 1 and manure separation net 2, and finally falls on the grassland to be decomposed. In addition, the microbial colonies in the old manure can accelerate and promote the growth of various biological colonies such as cellulose, oil, protein bacteria, etc. in the new livestock manure, thereby accelerating the decomposition of livestock manure and feeding back trace elements to the land, promoting the improvement of grassland soil conditions, and further achieving the goal of reducing the number of manure spots and improving soil environmental quality, realizing an ecologically recyclable new grazing.

[0035] Specifically,

[0036] When using, the device needs to be assembled first. After installing the device from top to bottom, the Velcro buckle is fixed first, and then the special straw powder and the decomposed old cow dung mixed powder are added to the old dung bucket by opening the old dung inlet. After adding, it is fixed to the dung lever through the knob-type thread. When the livestock manure falls, due to the lever action, the straw powder and the decomposed old cow dung mixed powder will be thrown onto the fresh manure on the manure mixing platform, and its dryness will be improved. At the same time, relevant decomposition bacteria will be introduced to attach to the fresh manure; promote the accelerated growth of cellulose, oil and other decomposition bacteria, and induce dung beetles to decompose, etc. Subsequently, due to gravity and livestock movement, the mixed livestock manure will be initially decomposed into multiple manure columns by the manure mixing platform. After reaching the manure separation net 1 and the manure separation net 2, the mixed new and old manure will be completely decomposed into smaller manure blocks, which will fall on the grass and be decomposed.

[0037] In summary, the present invention has many significant innovations and advantages:

[0038] 1. Use the old dung bucket to add straw powder and decomposed old cow dung mixed powder. When the fresh livestock dung falls, it will hit the lever platform, and the straw powder and decomposed old cow dung will be thrown out through the lever action. The operation is convenient, simple and effective.

[0039] 2. Use a manure collecting funnel that fits the body structure of the livestock and collects the manure discharged by the livestock, so that it falls onto the manure mixing platform in the manure mixing bucket.

[0040] 3. The manure holes on the manure mixing platform can initially break up the mixed new and old cow dung, making it reach the manure separation net in a disorderly manner without forming large manure spots.

[0041] 4. The manure separation net is similar to the surface of a badminton racket, which can further and thoroughly fragment livestock manure, exponentially accelerate human intervention, and increase the decomposition rate of livestock manure exponentially; the double-layer manure separation net will completely fragment the livestock manure that has been initially fragmented by the mixed manure platform and discharge it onto the grass to avoid the formation of manure spots.

[0042] 5. The mixed powder of straw powder and decomposed old cow dung can speed up the drying of fresh dung and accelerate the growth of cellulose, oil and other decomposing bacteria, thereby attracting dung beetles to decompose the dung.

[0043] 6. The fixing device belt uses a detachable Velcro buckle, which can be adjusted to suit livestock of different sizes and is easy to disassemble and assemble.

[0044] 7. The device fits the body shape of livestock as a whole, is lightweight, waterproof and wear-resistant, has a long service life, low cost, and can be recycled multiple times.

Claims

1. A device for improving the decomposition of livestock manure and returning it to the soil, characterized in that The invention mainly comprises a manure receiving funnel, a manure mixing bucket, an old manure throwing bucket and a fixing device belt, the manure receiving funnel is connected with the manure mixing bucket, one end of the fixing device belt is connected to the manure mixing bucket and the other end is free; the manure receiving funnel is provided with a manure inlet and a manure outlet, the manure mixing bucket is provided with an upper opening and a lower opening, the manure outlet is located above the upper opening and faces the upper opening; a manure mixing platform, a manure dividing net 1 and a manure dividing net 2 are respectively arranged in the manure mixing bucket from top to bottom, and manure leakage holes are evenly arranged on the manure mixing platform; a manure throwing lever is arranged between the lower part of the upper opening and the manure mixing platform, the manure throwing lever is arranged through a fulcrum arranged in the manure mixing bucket, the tail end of the manure throwing lever is provided with a lever platform and is located below the manure outlet, and the head end of the manure throwing lever is spirally connected to the old manure throwing bucket; an old manure inlet opening communicating with the manure mixing bucket is provided on the outer wall of the manure mixing bucket, a handle is arranged on the old manure inlet opening, and the outlet of the old manure inlet opening is located above the old manure throwing bucket; the old manure throwing bucket is in the shape of a semi-spherical shell, and the semi-spherical shell opening faces upward.

2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The manure receiving funnel is made of PPR waterproof material; the manure mixing platform is made of aluminum alloy; the manure separation net one and the manure separation net two are both made of nylon; the manure throwing lever is made of stainless steel; and the old manure throwing bucket is made of PVC.

3. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The diameter of the manure leakage holes of the manure mixing platform is larger than the mesh holes in the manure separation net 1 and the manure separation net 2.

4. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The feces separation net one and the feces separation net two are shaped like badminton racket surfaces.

5. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that: A powder leakage hole is arranged at the end of the semi-spherical shell.

6. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fixing device belt is an elastic waterproof retractable belt, and Velcro buckles are provided at the connection points at both ends of the belt.

7. Use of the device according to claim 1 to improve the decomposition of livestock manure and return it to soil.

8. A method for improving the decomposition of livestock manure and returning it to the soil, characterized in that The device according to claim 1 is used to treat livestock manure.

9. The method according to claim 8, characterized in that: The device described in claim 1 is fixed on livestock, and straw powder and a mixture of decomposed old manure powder are added into the old manure bucket through the old manure inlet opening; when fresh manure of livestock falls, due to the action of the manure throwing lever, the straw powder and the mixture of decomposed old manure powder are thrown onto the fresh manure on the manure mixing platform to promote its drying and decomposition, and the fresh manure is decomposed into small-volume manure blocks by the manure mixing platform, the first manure separation net and the second manure separation net, and finally falls on the grass and is decomposed.

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