Ecological management method for high and steep rock slope of surface mine
By using straw curtains, felt cloth and wire mesh combination design on high rocky steep slopes in open-pit mines, combined with spray seeding and sprinkler maintenance, the problems of high cost and low survival rate of traditional governance methods are solved, and efficient ecological governance and Ecological restoration significantly improves plant survival rate and slope stability.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202411516774.X
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-10-29
- Publication Date
- 2025-01-10
AI Technical Summary
The high rock quality of open-pit mines has an unstable structure due to the large slope, resulting in rockfall, landslides and mudslides. The traditional ecological governance method for spraying in the water is high in cost and has a low survival rate, making it difficult to achieve rapid ecological restoration.
The combination design of straw curtains, felt cloth, double-layer wire mesh and non-woven fabric is adopted. Through step-by-step laying and spraying methods, combined with regular sprinkler irrigation and maintenance, a double water retention and thermal insulation system is formed to improve plant survival rate and enhance slope stability. .
It reduces construction costs, improves plant survival rate and slope stability, and realizes ecological governance and ecological restoration of high rocky steep slopes, with vegetation coverage reaching more than 85%.
Smart Images
Figure CN119287939A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of ecological restoration, and in particular to an ecological management method for high and steep rock slopes in open-pit mines. Background Art
[0002] Open-pit mines are seriously affected by mining disturbances. Mining from top to bottom forms a mountain with a certain slope. For high and steep slopes with a slope angle greater than 45°, the slope structure is relatively unstable, and it is very easy to have rockfall, landslides and mud-rock flows. Therefore, it is extremely difficult for plants to survive on the slopes, and their ecology is difficult to recover naturally and quickly. With the continuous improvement of the country's requirements for environmental protection and ecological governance, the ecological governance of high and steep rock slopes in open-pit mines is particularly important. Therefore, a technology is needed to address the high cost and low survival rate of traditional soil spraying ecological governance methods. Summary of the invention
[0003] Based on the technical problems existing in the background technology, the present invention proposes an ecological management method for high and steep rock slopes in open-pit mines.
[0004] The present invention provides an open-pit mine rock high and steep slope ecological management method, comprising the following steps:
[0005] S1. Slope cleaning: remove dangerous rocks, floating stones and loose rocks from rock slopes;
[0006] S2. Laying straw curtains: Laying straw curtains on the cleaned rock slope surface and fixing the straw curtains on the rock slope with anchor nails;
[0007] S3, Slope hanging mesh 1: Lay the first layer of wire mesh on the straw curtain and fix it to the rock slope with anchor rods;
[0008] S4, laying the felt cloth: laying and fixing the felt cloth on the first layer of wire mesh;
[0009] S5. Slope hanging mesh 2: Lay the second layer of wire mesh on the felt cloth and fix the second layer of wire mesh on the rock slope with anchor rods;
[0010] S6. Spraying of foreign soil: spraying foreign soil on the rocky slope surface, and then spraying the mixture of grass fiber and grass seeds on the rocky slope surface;
[0011] S7, laying non-woven fabric: after spraying the foreign soil, lay and fix the non-woven fabric on the second layer of wire mesh;
[0012] S8. Sprinkler maintenance: Regularly irrigate the slope surface based on weather conditions and plant growth and development.
[0013] The treatment method of the present invention comprises slope cleaning, laying straw mats, slope netting one, laying felt cloth, slope netting two, soil spraying, laying non-woven fabrics, and sprinkler irrigation maintenance. The steps are closely linked to each other and synergistically improve the survival rate of plants, thereby achieving ecological treatment of the rock slope and realizing ecological restoration.
[0014] Preferably, in S2, the straw mat is laid from top to bottom with a laying thickness of 3 to 6 cm.
[0015] Laying down straw mats of a certain thickness can help retain water. At the same time, the straw mats are easy to decompose in a long-term humid environment, providing organic fertilizer for subsequent plant growth.
[0016] Preferably, in S3, the first layer of wire mesh is laid from top to bottom, the overlapping length of adjacent wire meshes is not less than 10 cm, and anchor rods are used to fix adjacent wire meshes.
[0017] The first layer of wire mesh is laid on the straw curtain, so that the straw curtain is close to the rock slope.
[0018] Preferably, in S5, the second layer of wire mesh is laid from top to bottom, and during laying, the mesh holes of the second layer of wire mesh and the first layer of wire mesh are intersected and misaligned with each other, and anchor rods are nailed in again to fix the second layer of wire mesh.
[0019] Fixing the double-layer wire mesh with anchor rods can effectively improve the stability of the rock slope and its ability to resist external disturbances such as rain erosion. The use of anchor rods can also ensure the stability of the overall management results and avoid loosening of the mesh due to long-term corrosion.
[0020] Preferably, in S6, the guest seeding soil includes organic fertilizer, yellow mud and adhesive.
[0021] More preferably, the organic fertilizer includes bio-organic fertilizer made from rice bran, wood ash, cake meal, sawdust, livestock and poultry manure, etc. after microbial fermentation, deodorization and complete decomposition.
[0022] The guest sowing soil is filled in the wire mesh and sprayed on the felt cloth. The grid shape of the wire mesh and the material characteristics of the felt mesh can both play a role in fixing the soil and provide a favorable environment for plant growth.
[0023] Preferably, in S6, the grass fiber is crushed rice straw, has a length of 3 to 7 cm, and is in the form of filaments.
[0024] Preferably, in S6, the grass species include tall fescue, rye, bermudagrass, broadleaf, etc., and the type of grass species needs to match the actual environment and the guest seeding soil.
[0025] The combination of double-layer wire mesh, felt cloth and straw curtain forms a closed area close to the rock slope, which is filled with guest-sown soil, grass fiber and grass seeds. When the root system of the grass plant develops, the planting soil and sprayed grass seeds are stabilized with the double-layer wire mesh, felt cloth and straw curtain to form an organic whole, thereby achieving ecological management of the rock slope and realizing ecological restoration.
[0026] Preferably, there is a gap of 2 to 6 cm between the second layer of wire mesh and the first layer of wire mesh.
[0027] There is a gap between the second layer of wire mesh and the first layer of wire mesh to reserve a certain space for guest sowing soil.
[0028] Preferably, in S3, the first layer of wire mesh can be locked with a pallet.
[0029] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:
[0030] The present invention aims at high and steep rock slopes with a slope angle greater than 45°, solves the problems of existing management methods such as difficult operation, high construction cost and low survival rate, and proposes an ecological management method for high and steep rock slopes in open-pit mines. The core of the method is the design of using straw, felt cloth and laying non-woven fabrics. It is simple and effective in the actual construction process and the cost is relatively low, which is conducive to improving the survival rate of plants.
[0031] The present invention uses straw and felt cloth to have a dual water-retention function to replace water-retaining agents. It can not only retain water but also does not pollute the soil. The straw curtain can be used as organic fertilizer for plant growth after decomposition, which can achieve better ecological management effects. Laying non-woven fabrics can prevent rain erosion and have the functions of windproof, sun protection, heat preservation and moisture retention, providing favorable conditions for plant growth, and forming a dual heat preservation and moisture retention system with non-woven fabrics, straw curtains and felt cloth. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0032] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure after the repair work of the present invention is completed;
[0033] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the front structure after the repair work of the present invention is completed;
[0034] In the figure: 1. Second layer of wire mesh; 2. Mixture of grass fiber and grass seeds; 3. Anchor nails; 4. Guest seeding soil; 5. Anchor rods; 6. Felt cloth; 7. Rock slope; 8. Straw curtain; 9. First layer of wire mesh; 10. Anchor nails.
[0035] Figure 3 It is a flowchart of the treatment method of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0036] The technical solution of the present invention is described in detail through specific embodiments.
[0037] Unless otherwise specified, the materials, reagents, etc. used in the following examples and comparative examples can be obtained from commercial sources.
[0038] The first and second layers of wire mesh are both galvanized wire mesh with a length of 20m, a width of 2m, and a mesh size of 4*4cm; the anchor nails are stainless steel anchor nails with a diameter of 5mm and a length of 8cm; the anchor rods are hollow mining anchor rods with a diameter of 40mm and a length of 1.5m with a tray; the non-woven fabric specification is 8-needle non-woven fabric, with a length of 20m and a width of 8m.
[0039] Example 1
[0040] like Figure 1 to Figure 3 As shown, in an embodiment of the present invention, for a high and steep rock slope with a slope greater than 45°, a method for ecological management of high and steep rock slopes in an open-pit mine is provided, comprising the following steps:
[0041] S1. First, clean the steep rock slope: Combined with the blasting and excavation of the slope, deal with the floating stones, dangerous rocks and locations that affect the stability of the slope or are potentially dangerous to the subsequent treatment process, to ensure the stability of the rock slope structure and prevent the damage of the restoration results by landslides in the later stage;
[0042] S2. Lay straw mats on the treated rock slope, and use anchors to fix the four corners of the straw mats to prevent them from falling. The straw mats are laid from top to bottom, and the upper part is fixed first (to ensure that it does not fall). The laying thickness is 4 cm, which serves as organic fertilizer (after the straw is decomposed) to stabilize the plant roots and plant growth.
[0043] S3. Lay several first-layer wire meshes on the straw curtain at equal intervals from left to right and from top to bottom. When laying the wire mesh horizontally, the length of the overlapping part between the two adjacent wire meshes on the left and right shall not be less than 10 cm. To fix the first-layer wire mesh, hollow mining anchor rods with trays can be driven into the four corners of the first-layer wire mesh, which can effectively fix the wire mesh and the straw curtain and make the straw curtain close to the rock slope. In order to save management costs, the adjacent wire meshes on the left and right should be fastened with anchor rods in the overlapping parts as much as possible. The fastening effect of the wire mesh on the entire slope needs to be guaranteed. The number of anchor rods can be appropriately increased according to the time conditions and fastening effect of the slope, and special attention should be paid to the locations where the rocks are relatively broken.
[0044] S4. Lay the felt cloth on the first layer of wire mesh to ensure the overall flatness of the felt cloth. You can directly use wire to tie the felt cloth.
[0045] S5. Lay several second-layer wire meshes on the felt cloth at equal intervals from left to right and from top to bottom. When laying the meshes horizontally, the length of the overlapping part between the two adjacent wire meshes on the left and right shall not be less than 10 cm, and the mesh holes of the second-layer wire mesh and the first-layer wire mesh shall be staggered and crossed with each other. Then, anchor rods are nailed into the position different from the position where the anchor rods were nailed into the first-layer wire mesh to fix the second-layer wire mesh. In order to save management costs, the adjacent wire meshes on the left and right should be fastened with anchor rods in the overlapping parts as much as possible. The fastening effect of the wire mesh on the entire slope needs to be guaranteed. The number of anchor rods can be appropriately increased according to the time conditions and fastening effect of the slope. In order to ensure the overall greening effect and the stability of the slope, special attention should be paid to the locations where the rocks are relatively broken and prone to landslides.
[0046] S6. After the second layer of wire mesh is laid, water can be sprinkled on the entire slope to wet the felt cloth and straw curtains on the entire slope, so that the felt cloth and straw curtains can retain a certain amount of moisture, and at the same time, the felt cloth can give full play to its adsorption capacity for guest soil; then spray the guest soil and use a hydraulic sprayer to evenly spray the mixed guest soil on the slope until the thickness reaches 6cm. Then, spray the grass fiber, grass seed mixture and organic fertilizer 3cm thick to cover the entire slope; ensure the basic survival conditions of plants. For example, in extremely dry conditions, absorbent cotton rope can be added to the felt cloth to effectively increase the water retention of the felt cloth, ensure water supply, and increase the survival ability of plants.
[0047] S7. After the guest soil is sprayed, cover it with non-woven fabric to prevent the formed working surface from being washed by rain and to keep it warm and moist, which is beneficial to the growth of plants.
[0048] S8. Water the slope regularly based on weather conditions and plant growth and development.
[0049] Application Examples
[0050] A kaolin open-pit mine in Yifeng County, Yichun City, Jiangxi Province has a designed mining capacity of 1.5 million tons / year and a mining elevation of +385m to +255m. The ore body rock type is mainly medium-fine-grained muscovite granite. It adopts a top-down step mining method and a deep hole step blasting mining process. The end step slope angle of the mine is 47°. In order to follow the principle of "mining and managing at the same time", the +337m to +325m platform uses pre-splitting blasting technology when leaning against the wall to reduce the impact of blasting vibration on slope stability. The platform has been mined and the step slope angle is 65°. The method for ecological management of high and steep rock slopes in open-pit mines in the above embodiment is adopted, and the specific steps are as follows:
[0051] S1. First, clean the granite slopes near the platform with elevations of +385m to +255m, and deal with floating stones, dangerous rocks, and locations that affect slope stability or pose potential risks to subsequent treatment processes, to ensure the structural stability of the rock slopes and prevent landslides from damaging the restoration results in the later stages;
[0052] S2. Lay straw mats on the treated slope from top to bottom with a thickness of 4 cm, and use anchors to initially fix the two upper corners of the straw mat to prevent it from falling; then fix the two lower corners of the straw mat. The role of the straw mat here is to provide organic fertilizer for subsequent stabilization of plant roots and plant growth after the straw decomposes.
[0053] S3. Lay several first-layer wire meshes on the straw curtain at equal intervals from left to right and from top to bottom. When laying the wire mesh horizontally on the left and right sides, the length of the overlapping part between the two adjacent wire meshes on the left and right sides shall not be less than 10 cm. To fix the first-layer wire mesh, hollow mining anchor rods with trays can be driven into the four corners of the first-layer wire mesh, which can effectively fix the wire mesh and the straw curtain and make the straw curtain close to the rock slope. In order to save management costs, the adjacent wire meshes on the left and right sides should be fastened with anchor rods in the overlapping parts as much as possible. The fastening effect of the wire mesh on the entire slope needs to be guaranteed. The number of anchor rods can be appropriately increased according to the time conditions and fastening effect of the slope.
[0054] S4. Lay the felt cloth on the first layer of wire mesh to ensure the overall flatness of the felt cloth. You can directly use wire to tie the felt cloth.
[0055] S5. Lay several second-layer wire meshes on the felt cloth at equal intervals from left to right and from top to bottom. When laying the meshes horizontally, the length of the overlapping part between the two adjacent wire meshes on the left and right shall not be less than 10 cm, and the mesh holes of the second-layer wire mesh and the first-layer wire mesh shall be staggered and crossed with each other. Then, anchor rods are nailed into the position different from the position where the anchor rods were nailed into the first-layer wire mesh to fix the second-layer wire mesh. In order to save management costs, the adjacent wire meshes on the left and right should be fastened with anchor rods in the overlapping parts as much as possible. The fastening effect of the wire mesh on the entire slope needs to be guaranteed. The number of anchor rods can be appropriately increased according to the time conditions and fastening effect of the slope. In order to ensure the overall greening effect and the stability of the slope, special attention should be paid to the locations where the rocks are relatively broken and prone to landslides.
[0056] S6. After the second layer of wire mesh is laid, water can be sprinkled on the entire slope to wet the felt cloth and straw curtains on the entire slope, so that the felt cloth and straw curtains can store a certain amount of moisture, and at the same time, the felt cloth can give full play to its adsorption capacity for guest soil. Then, spray the guest soil evenly on the slope with a hydraulic sprayer until the thickness reaches 6 cm. Then, spray the grass fiber, grass seed mixture, and organic fertilizer 3 cm thick to cover the entire slope. Ensure the basic survival conditions of plants. For example, in extremely dry conditions, absorbent cotton rope can be added to the felt cloth to effectively increase the water retention of the felt cloth, ensure water supply, and increase the survival ability of plants.
[0057] S7. After the guest soil is sprayed, cover it with non-woven fabric to prevent the formed working surface from being washed by rain and to keep it warm and moist, which is beneficial to the growth of plants.
[0058] S8. Water the slope regularly based on weather conditions and plant growth and development.
[0059] Comparative Example
[0060] The only difference between the comparative example and the application example is that step S2 is not performed, that is, the straw curtain is not laid, and the other steps are the same as those of the application example.
[0061] After two years of continuous tracking and testing, the vegetation coverage of the rocky high and steep slopes after ecological management of the present invention reached more than 85%, and the plants grew well; while the vegetation coverage of the control group was only 70%.
[0062] In summary, the treatment method of the present invention has the advantages of simple construction, low cost and high plant survival rate, and can achieve ecological treatment of rock slopes and realize ecological restoration.
[0063] The above description is only a preferred specific implementation manner of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any technician familiar with the technical field can make equivalent replacements or changes according to the technical scheme and inventive concept of the present invention within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention, which should be covered by the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims
1. A method for ecological management of high and steep rock slopes in open-pit mines, characterized in that: It includes slope cleaning, laying straw mats, slope net hanging one, laying felt cloth, slope net hanging two, foreign soil spraying, laying non-woven fabrics, and sprinkler maintenance.
2. The ecological management method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1. Slope cleaning: remove dangerous rocks, floating stones and loose rocks from rock slopes; S2. Laying straw curtains: Laying straw curtains on the cleaned rock slope surface and fixing the straw curtains on the rock slope with anchor nails; S3, Slope hanging mesh 1: Lay the first layer of wire mesh on the straw curtain and fix it to the rock slope with anchor rods; S4, laying the felt cloth: laying and fixing the felt cloth on the first layer of wire mesh; S5. Slope hanging mesh 2: Lay the second layer of wire mesh on the felt cloth and fix the second layer of wire mesh on the rock slope with anchor rods; S6. Spraying of foreign soil: spraying foreign soil on the rocky slope surface, and then spraying the mixture of grass fiber and grass seeds on the rocky slope surface; S7, laying non-woven fabric: after spraying the foreign soil, lay and fix the non-woven fabric on the second layer of wire mesh; S8. Sprinkler maintenance: Regularly irrigate the slope surface based on weather conditions and plant growth and development.
3. The ecological management method according to claim 2, characterized in that: In the above-mentioned S2, the straw mat is laid from top to bottom with a laying thickness of 3 to 6 cm.
4. The ecological management method according to claim 2, characterized in that: In the above-mentioned S3, the first layer of wire mesh is laid from top to bottom, the overlapping length of adjacent wire meshes is not less than 10 cm, and anchor rods are used to fix the adjacent wire meshes.
5. The ecological management method according to claim 2, characterized in that: In the above-mentioned S5, the second layer of wire mesh is laid from top to bottom. During the laying, the meshes of the second layer of wire mesh and the first layer of wire mesh are intersected and misaligned with each other, and anchor rods are nailed in again to fix the second layer of wire mesh.
6. The ecological management method according to claim 2, characterized in that: In the above-mentioned S6, the guest seeding soil includes organic fertilizer, yellow mud and adhesive.
7. The ecological management method according to claim 2, characterized in that: In the S6, the grass fiber is crushed rice straw, has a length of 3 to 7 cm, and is in the form of filaments.
8. The ecological management method according to claim 2, characterized in that: In S6, the grass species include one or more of tall fescue, rye, bermudagrass, and broadleaf.
9. The ecological management method according to claim 2, characterized in that: There is a gap of 2 to 6 cm between the second layer of wire mesh and the first layer of wire mesh.