Phase measurement system and method for sparse array phased array high-power microwave system
Through the combination of frequency synthesis unit and phase identification receiver, the pilot signal is used to eliminate frequency difference and phase drift, and the phase measurement problem in phased array high-power microwave systems is solved, and the precise measurement and stable reference of phase relationships are realized, supporting coherence synthesis.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202411284598.1
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-09-13
- Publication Date
- 2025-01-10
AI Technical Summary
The prior art is difficult to measure the phase relationship between the radiation of each unit in a phased array high-power microwave system, and the lack of a reference signal makes measurement difficult.
The frequency synthesis unit and phase identification receiver are used to eliminate frequency difference and phase drift through the pilot signal, and use a high-directional radiation antenna to provide radiation field signals to realize phase measurement. The frequency comprehensive unit outputs the reference signal and pilot signal. The phase identification receiver receives the microwave pulse signal and pilot signal through the reception channel, performs frequency division, frequency multiplication and filtering processing to obtain phase results.
Accurate measurement of phase relationships in phased array high-power microwave systems is achieved, stable phase reference is provided, and the interference of microwave pulse signals on pilot signals is avoided, and coherent synthesis and beam scanning are supported.
Smart Images
Figure CN119291617A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The present invention relates to high-power microwave technology, and in particular to a phase measurement system and method for a sparse array phased array high-power microwave system. Background Art
[0002] The phased array high-power microwave system generates microwave pulses and radiates them from multiple phase-controllable high-power microwave generating units, achieving coherent synthesis of field strength in space. When the unit antenna has a large aperture, the phased array high-power microwave system is a sparse array system. In order to achieve the goals of spatial coherent synthesis and beam scanning, the relative phase relationship of each radiating antenna needs to be measured.
[0003] Phased array high-power microwave systems are generally designed to operate in a mode that only transmits but does not receive. Receiving microwave pulses through the radiation field and processing them is an effective way to obtain the phase. The measurement of the phase needs to be compared with a set reference signal. There is no corresponding reference signal when measuring microwave pulses directly in the radiation field. Therefore, it is difficult to measure the phase relationship between the radiation of each unit of the phased array. Summary of the invention
[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a phase measurement system and method for a sparsely arrayed phased array high-power microwave system, so as to solve the technical problem that it is difficult to measure the phase relationship between the radiation of each unit of the phased array in the prior art.
[0005] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:
[0006] A phase measurement system for a sparse array phased array high-power microwave system, wherein the phased array high-power microwave system comprises N phased array units to be measured, where N is greater than or equal to 3;
[0007] Its special features are: it includes a frequency synthesis unit, a phase detector receiver and a high-directional radiation antenna;
[0008] The first output end of the frequency synthesizer unit is connected to the N phased array units to be tested respectively, and the second output end thereof is connected to the high-directivity radiating antenna. The frequency synthesizer unit is used to output reference signals with a center frequency of f1 to the N phased array units to be tested respectively, and output a continuous wave signal with a center frequency of f2 as a pilot signal to the high-directivity radiating antenna;
[0009] The phase detection receiver is provided with a receiver frequency source and a first receiving channel and a second receiving channel connected to the receiver frequency source, the first receiving channel is used to receive the reference signal, and the second receiving channel is used to receive the pilot signal;
[0010] The highly directional radiation antenna is used to provide a radiation field for signal transmission of N phased array units to be tested and a phase detector receiver; the phase detector receiver sequentially receives N microwave pulse signals emitted by the N phased array units to be tested under the radiation field through a first receiving channel, and eliminates the frequency difference and phase drift of the N phased array units to be tested and the phase detector receiver through a pilot signal, thereby realizing phase measurement of the microwave pulse signal.
[0011] Furthermore, the center frequency f2 of the pilot signal output by the frequency synthesis unit and the reference frequency f0 of the receiver frequency source satisfy:
[0012] f2=A*f0
[0013] In the formula, A is a positive integer, indicating the number of frequency divisions.
[0014] Furthermore, the center frequency f1 of the reference signal output by the frequency synthesis unit and the center frequency f2 of the pilot signal satisfy:
[0015] f2 / K*M=f1
[0016] Where K is a positive integer, indicating the number of frequency divisions; M is a positive integer, indicating the number of frequency multiplications.
[0017] Furthermore, the reference signal and the pilot signal output by the frequency synthesis unit are generated by the same reference frequency source inside the frequency synthesis unit.
[0018] Further, a narrowband filter is included;
[0019] The narrowband filter is arranged at the entrance of the second receiving channel of the phase detector receiver.
[0020] A phase measurement method for a sparse array phased array high-power microwave system, using the above-mentioned phase measurement system for a sparse array phased array high-power microwave system, is special in that it includes the following steps:
[0021] Step 1, the frequency synthesizer unit emits a reference signal with a center frequency of f1 to each of the N phased array units to be tested, and emits a continuous wave signal with a center frequency of f2 to the high-directivity radiation antenna as a pilot signal;
[0022] Step 2: The high-directional radiation antenna receives the pilot signal and provides a radiation field for signal transmission between the N phased array units to be tested and the phase-detection receiver; the N phased array units to be tested sequentially transmit microwave pulse signals to the phase-detection receiver under the radiation field;
[0023] Step 3: The phase-detection receiver sequentially receives the N microwave pulse signals through its first receiving channel, and continuously receives the pilot signal through its second receiving channel; the pilot signal is used to eliminate the frequency difference and phase drift between the N phased array units to be measured and the phase-detection receiver, so as to lock the phase relationship and complete the phase measurement of the N microwave pulse signals.
[0024] Furthermore, in step 3, the frequency difference and phase drift between the phased array high power microwave system and the phase detector receiver are eliminated by the pilot signal to achieve the locking of the phase relationship, specifically:
[0025] The pilot signal is divided A times to obtain a reference frequency f0, and the receiver frequency source generates a down-converted local oscillator signal, an AD sampling clock, and a signal processing clock based on the reference frequency f0, thereby eliminating the frequency difference and phase drift between the phased array high-power microwave system and the phase-detection receiver;
[0026] N microwave pulse signals enter the phase-detection receiver in sequence from the first receiving channel. The phase-detection receiver down-converts the local oscillator signal and performs digital sampling to obtain a digital intermediate frequency signal. The digital baseband signal is obtained by digital down-conversion. The phase results of the N microwave pulse signals are obtained by performing phase calculation on the digital baseband signal, thereby achieving phase relationship locking.
[0027] Furthermore, in step 3, the frequency difference and phase drift between the phased array high power microwave system and the phase detector receiver are eliminated by the pilot signal to achieve the locking of the phase relationship, specifically:
[0028] The pilot signal is divided K times and multiplied M times in sequence, and after filtering, a local oscillator signal with a frequency of f1 is directly obtained;
[0029] N microwave pulse signals sequentially enter the first receiving channel of the phase detector receiver, and the N microwave pulse signals are orthogonally demodulated using the local oscillator signal, thereby eliminating the frequency difference and phase drift between the phased array high-power microwave system and the phase detector receiver, and obtaining a digital baseband signal;
[0030] The digital baseband signal is directly sampled and processed, and a phase operation is performed to obtain the phase results of N microwave pulses, thereby achieving locking of the phase relationship.
[0031] Furthermore, step 1 is specifically as follows:
[0032] The frequency synthesizer unit emits a reference signal with a center frequency of f1 to N phased array units to be tested through the same reference frequency source, and emits a continuous wave signal with a center frequency of f2 as a pilot signal to the high-directional radiation antenna.
[0033] Beneficial effects of the present invention:
[0034] 1. The present invention receives and processes high-power short pulse signals in the radiation field, and uses the pilot signal of air-fed radiation to provide a reference frequency reference, thereby measuring the phase relationship between the radiation of each phased array unit, and can provide accurate measurement results of the phase relationship for sparse phased array high-power microwave arrays.
[0035] 2. The present invention can directly obtain the phase of the pulse signal by receiving and measuring the transmitted microwave pulse signal. The phase includes the initial phase of each device in the phased array high-power microwave system, the additional phase of the feeding structure, and the influence of the phase center of the radiating antenna on the phase. After compensating for the phase, the coherent synthesis of the radiation field can be directly achieved.
[0036] 3. The present invention provides a phase reference through the pilot signal of air-fed radiation, thereby realizing the phase measurement of high-power microwave pulses in the radiation field. The pilot signal and the microwave pulse signal use different operating frequencies, and the microwave pulse signal is effectively suppressed by a narrowband filter, avoiding the interference of the microwave pulse signal itself on the pilot signal, thereby providing a stable phase reference.
[0037] 4. The present invention controls N phased array units to be tested to generate N microwave pulses in sequence, so there is a certain time protection interval between the pulses. Taking the first arriving microwave pulse as a reference, the phase results of subsequent pulse microwaves can be obtained. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0038] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of an embodiment of a phase measurement system for a sparse array phased array high-power microwave system of the present invention;
[0039] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of phase locking of a pilot signal to a reference 100 MHz in an embodiment of the present invention;
[0040] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of generating a reference frequency signal by frequency division and frequency multiplication of a pilot signal in an embodiment of the present invention;
[0041] Figure 4 Schematic diagram of pulse train phase measurement in an embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0042] The technical solution of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.
[0043] In this implementation case, the sparse array phased array high-power microwave radiation field phase measurement system and method provided need to include a special frequency synthesizer in the phased array high-power microwave system and a phase detector receiver set up in the radiation field for cooperation and implementation.
[0044] like Figure 1 As shown, the phased array high-power microwave system includes N phased array units to be tested; the phased array high-power microwave system for sparse array includes a frequency synthesizer unit, a phase detector receiver, a high-directional radiation antenna and a narrowband filter;
[0045] The first output end of the frequency synthesizer unit is connected to N phased array units to be tested respectively, and the second output end thereof is connected to the high-directivity radiating antenna. The frequency synthesizer unit is used to output reference signals with a center frequency of f1 to the N phased array units to be tested respectively, and to output a continuous wave signal with a center frequency of f2 as a pilot signal to the high-directivity radiating antenna.
[0046] The center frequency f2 of the pilot signal output by the frequency synthesizer unit and the reference frequency f0 of the receiver frequency source satisfy:
[0047] f2=A*f0
[0048] In the formula, A is a positive integer, indicating the number of frequency divisions.
[0049] The center frequency f1 of the reference signal output by the frequency synthesizer unit and the center frequency f2 of the pilot signal satisfy:
[0050] f2 / K*M=f1
[0051] Where K is a positive integer, indicating the number of frequency divisions; M is a positive integer, indicating the number of frequency multiplications.
[0052] The phase-detection receiver includes a receiver frequency source and a first receiving channel and a second receiving channel connected to the receiver frequency source. The first receiving channel is used to receive a reference signal, and the second receiving channel is used to receive a pilot signal. The narrowband filter is arranged at the entrance of the second receiving channel of the phase-detection receiver.
[0053] The highly directional radiation antenna is used to provide a radiation field for signal transmission to N phased array units to be tested and a phase detector receiver.
[0054] The frequency synthesizer unit not only generates a reference signal (center frequency f1) to excite the phased array unit, but also generates another unmodulated continuous wave signal as a pilot signal (center frequency f2). The above two signals are derived from the same reference frequency source and are obtained through phase-locked loop up-conversion.
[0055] The reference signal with center frequency f1 is used to stimulate the radiation of N phased array units to be measured, while the pilot signal is radiated using a highly directional antenna. The purpose of using a highly directional antenna is to reduce the impact of multipath effects on phase measurement.
[0056] In the radiation field, a phase detector receiver is used to simultaneously receive N microwave pulse signals and pilot signals. The role of the pilot signal is to transmit the frequency synthesis reference of the phased array system to the phase detector receiver, thereby providing a frequency reference.
[0057] The phase detector receiver receives and measures the above two signals through two independent receiving channels: the first receiving channel receives N microwave pulse signals with a center frequency of f1; the second receiving channel receives the pilot signal with a center frequency of f2. The bandwidth of the first receiving channel is determined by the bandwidth of the high-power microwave pulse signal; the front end of the second receiving channel passes through a narrowband filter to improve the signal-to-noise ratio of the receiving channel and reduce external interference and interference of high-power microwave signals on the pilot signal.
[0058] The radiation center frequency of high-power microwaves is f1, which is determined by the mission requirements. When other conditions permit, the frequency f2 of the pilot signal should be as high as possible to ensure high directivity transmission and reduce the impact of multipath transmission factors such as ground reflection. The specific frequency selection of the pilot signal can consider two phase-locking methods:
[0059] The first phase-locking method: Figure 2 As shown, the pilot signal and the receiver frequency source inside the phase-detection receiver (usually the frequency synthesizer uses a 100 MHz or 10 MHz constant temperature crystal oscillator as the reference frequency source) have an integer multiple relationship: f2 = A*100 MHz, where A is an integer.
[0060] The second method: Figure 3 As shown, the frequency f2 of the pilot signal and the frequency f1 of the reference signal satisfy the rational number relationship: f2 / K*M=f1, where K and M are integers.
[0061] The first phase-locking method has strong versatility and can also meet the requirements when there are multiple points in the frequency f1 of the phased array high-power microwave system. The method for realizing phase locking is as follows: A-dividing the received pilot signal to generate a 100MHz signal for locking the crystal oscillator of the phase-detection receiver, eliminating the frequency difference and phase drift between the phased array high-power microwave system and the phase-detection receiver, N microwave pulse signals sequentially enter the first receiving channel of the phase-detection receiver, down-convert through the local oscillator signal, and digitally sample to obtain a digital intermediate frequency signal, and use digital down-conversion to obtain a digital baseband signal. By calculating the phase of the digital baseband signal, the phase result of the N microwave pulse signals can be obtained, and the phase relationship is locked;
[0062] The second phase-locking method is applicable to the situation where the high-power microwave system has only a single frequency. The method to achieve phase locking is: amplify the received pilot signal, divide it K times, filter it, and then multiply it M times to obtain a local oscillator signal with a frequency of f1. N microwave pulse signals enter the first receiving channel of the phase-locked receiver in turn, and the local oscillator signal is used to perform orthogonal demodulation on the N microwave pulse signals, thereby eliminating the frequency difference and phase drift between the phased array high-power microwave system and the phase-locked receiver to obtain a digital baseband signal; the digital baseband signal is directly sampled and processed, and phase calculations are performed to obtain the phase results of N microwave pulses, thereby achieving phase relationship locking. The design of the phase-locked receiver is different. For the first phase-locked mode, a phase-locked loop is used to generate the local oscillator for each down-conversion and the analog-to-digital conversion (AD) clock signal of the digital receiver based on the 100MHz reference frequency; for the second phase-locked mode, the local oscillator signal of f1 is used to perform orthogonal demodulation on the N received microwave pulse signals, and the in-phase (I channel) and quadrature-phase (Q channel) output signals are AD sampled and processed to obtain the phase measurement results.
[0063] Based on the above measurement system design, the phase detector receiver can measure the phase of the microwave pulse signal of each phased array unit to be measured, and rely on the pilot signal to provide a reference signal phase basis.
[0064] The phase detector receiver can also perform phase measurement independently. The specific method is: control N phased array units to be tested to generate high-power microwave short pulse radiation in sequence, so that a certain time protection interval is set between microwave pulse signals, such as Figure 4 As shown, taking the first arriving pulse as the reference, the phase result of subsequent pulse microwaves can be obtained.
[0065] The specific measurement method is as follows:
[0066] Step 1, the frequency synthesizer unit emits a reference signal with a center frequency of f1 to each of the N phased array units to be tested, and emits a continuous wave signal with a center frequency of f2 to the high-directivity radiation antenna as a pilot signal;
[0067] Step 2: The high-directional radiation antenna receives the pilot signal and provides a radiation field for signal transmission between the N phased array units to be tested and the phase-detection receiver; the N phased array units to be tested sequentially transmit microwave pulse signals to the phase-detection receiver under the radiation field;
[0068] Step 3: The phase-detection receiver sequentially receives the N microwave pulse signals through its first receiving channel, and continuously receives the pilot signal through its second receiving channel; the pilot signal is used to eliminate the frequency difference and phase drift between the N phased array units to be measured and the phase-detection receiver, so as to lock the phase relationship and complete the phase measurement of the N microwave pulse signals.
[0069] The pilot signal is used to eliminate the frequency difference and phase drift between the phased array high power microwave system and the phase detector receiver to achieve the locking of the phase relationship, specifically:
[0070] The pilot signal is divided A times to obtain a reference frequency f0. The receiver frequency source generates a local oscillator signal for down-conversion of the first receiving channel, an AD sampling clock of the digital receiver, and a signal processing clock based on the reference frequency f0, thereby eliminating the frequency difference and phase drift between the phased array high-power microwave system and the phase-detection receiver; N microwave pulse signals enter the first receiving channel of the phase-detection receiver in turn, are down-converted by the local oscillator signal, and are digitally sampled to obtain a digital intermediate frequency signal, and a digital baseband signal is obtained by digital down-conversion. By calculating the phase of the digital baseband signal, the phase results of the N microwave pulse signals can be obtained, thereby achieving the locking of the phase relationship.
[0071] Alternatively, the pilot signal is divided K times and then multiplied M times, and a narrowband filter arranged at the entrance of the second receiving channel is used to directly obtain a local oscillator signal of frequency f1; N microwave pulse signals enter the first receiving channel of the phase-detection receiver in sequence, and the N microwave pulse signals are orthogonally demodulated using the local oscillator signal, thereby eliminating the frequency difference and phase drift between the phased array high-power microwave system and the phase-detection receiver to obtain a digital baseband signal; the digital baseband signal is directly sampled and processed, and a phase operation is performed to obtain the phase results of N microwave pulses, thereby achieving locking of the phase relationship.
[0072] The above is only a specific embodiment of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any changes or substitutions within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention should be based on the protection scope of the claims.
Claims
1. A phase measurement system for a sparse array phased array high-power microwave system, wherein the phased array high-power microwave system comprises N phased array units to be measured, where N is greater than or equal to 3; Features: It includes a frequency synthesizer unit, a phase detector receiver and a high-directional radiation antenna; The first output end of the frequency synthesizer unit is connected to the N phased array units to be tested respectively, and the second output end thereof is connected to the high-directivity radiating antenna. The frequency synthesizer unit is used to output reference signals with a center frequency of f1 to the N phased array units to be tested respectively, and output a continuous wave signal with a center frequency of f2 as a pilot signal to the high-directivity radiating antenna; The phase detection receiver is provided with a receiver frequency source and a first receiving channel and a second receiving channel connected to the receiver frequency source, the first receiving channel is used to receive the reference signal, and the second receiving channel is used to receive the pilot signal; The highly directional radiation antenna is used to provide a radiation field for signal transmission to N phased array units to be tested and phase detector receivers; The phase detector receiver sequentially receives N microwave pulse signals emitted by N phased array units to be tested in a radiation field through a first receiving channel, and eliminates the frequency difference and phase drift between the N phased array units to be tested and the phase detector receiver through a pilot signal, thereby realizing phase measurement of the microwave pulse signal.
2. The phase measurement system for a sparse array phased array high power microwave system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The center frequency f2 of the pilot signal output by the frequency synthesis unit and the reference frequency f0 of the receiver frequency source satisfy: f2=A*f0 In the formula, A is a positive integer, indicating the number of frequency divisions.
3. The phase measurement system for a sparse array phased array high power microwave system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The center frequency f1 of the reference signal output by the frequency synthesis unit and the center frequency f2 of the pilot signal satisfy: f2 / K*M=f1 Where K is a positive integer, indicating the number of frequency divisions; M is a positive integer, indicating the number of frequency multiplications.
4. The phase measurement system for a sparse array phased array high power microwave system according to claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that: The reference signal and the pilot signal output by the frequency synthesizer unit are generated by the same reference frequency source inside the frequency synthesizer unit.
5. The phase measurement system for a sparse array phased array high power microwave system according to claim 4, characterized in that: Also included are narrowband filters; The narrowband filter is arranged at the entrance of the second receiving channel of the phase detector receiver.
6. A phase measurement method for a sparse array phased array high-power microwave system, using the phase measurement system for a sparse array phased array high-power microwave system according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Step 1, the frequency synthesizer unit emits a reference signal with a center frequency of f1 to each of the N phased array units to be tested, and emits a continuous wave signal with a center frequency of f2 to the high-directional radiation antenna as a pilot signal; Step 2: The high-directional radiation antenna receives the pilot signal and provides a radiation field for signal transmission between the N phased array units to be tested and the phase-detection receiver; the N phased array units to be tested sequentially transmit microwave pulse signals to the phase-detection receiver under the radiation field; Step 3: The phase-detection receiver sequentially receives the N microwave pulse signals through its first receiving channel, and continuously receives the pilot signal through its second receiving channel; the pilot signal is used to eliminate the frequency difference and phase drift between the N phased array units to be measured and the phase-detection receiver, so as to lock the phase relationship and complete the phase measurement of the N microwave pulse signals.
7. According to the phase measurement method for a sparse array phased array high power microwave system according to claim 6, in step 3, the frequency difference and phase drift between the phased array high power microwave system and the phase detector receiver are eliminated by the pilot signal to achieve the locking of the phase relationship, specifically: The pilot signal is divided A times to obtain a reference frequency f0, and the receiver frequency source generates a down-converted local oscillator signal, an AD sampling clock, and a signal processing clock based on the reference frequency f0, thereby eliminating the frequency difference and phase drift between the phased array high-power microwave system and the phase-detection receiver; N microwave pulse signals enter the phase-detection receiver in sequence from the first receiving channel. The phase-detection receiver down-converts the local oscillator signal and performs digital sampling to obtain a digital intermediate frequency signal. The digital baseband signal is obtained by digital down-conversion. The phase results of the N microwave pulse signals are obtained by performing phase calculation on the digital baseband signal, thereby achieving phase relationship locking.
8. According to the phase measurement method for a sparse array phased array high power microwave system according to claim 6, in step 3, the frequency difference and phase drift between the phased array high power microwave system and the phase detector receiver are eliminated by the pilot signal to achieve the locking of the phase relationship, specifically: The pilot signal is divided K times and multiplied M times in sequence, and after filtering, a local oscillator signal with a frequency of f1 is directly obtained; N microwave pulse signals sequentially enter the first receiving channel of the phase detector receiver, and the N microwave pulse signals are orthogonally demodulated using the local oscillator signal, thereby eliminating the frequency difference and phase drift between the phased array high-power microwave system and the phase detector receiver, and obtaining a digital baseband signal; The digital baseband signal is directly sampled and processed, and a phase operation is performed to obtain the phase results of N microwave pulses, thereby achieving locking of the phase relationship.
9. The phase measurement method for a sparse array phased array high power microwave system according to claim 7 or 8, characterized in that: Step 1 is as follows: The frequency synthesizer unit emits a reference signal with a center frequency of f1 to N phased array units to be tested through the same reference frequency source, and emits a continuous wave signal with a center frequency of f2 as a pilot signal to the high-directional radiation antenna.