Super-huge bridge steel casing sinking construction method

Abstract

The invention discloses a multi-machine combined steel casing overwater sinking construction method suitable for a gravel soil layer, which comprises the following steps: sinking steel casings row by row through a pile driving barge, driving the steel casings into a riverbed and entering a self-stabilizing state; a fishing method is adopted for secondary hammering to follow up the steel casing in the self-stabilizing state, so that the steel casing sinks in place; wherein in the sinking direction of the steel casings, two or three rows of steel casings are arranged at intervals, and the steel casings are hammered synchronously in a following mode through a fishing method. The pile driving barge is used for rapidly taking and placing the pile and hammering the steel casing to be self-stabilized in a riverbed, the characteristic of high efficiency of the pile driving barge is exerted, the floating crane ship lifts the heavy hydraulic impact hammer to follow up and sink the steel casing to the target depth for the second time, and the characteristic of high energy of the pile driving barge is exerted. Aiming at the situation that a covering layer is difficult to hit such as gravelly soil with high compactness and strength, the requirement for the operation capacity of a pile driving barge is lowered, meanwhile, the construction efficiency is guaranteed, and the situation that the construction progress of a bridge is affected by factors such as navigation clear height limitation of a construction water area or the construction capacity of the pile driving barge is avoided.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of bridge construction, and in particular relates to a steel casing sinking construction method for an extra-large bridge. Background Art

[0002] Most bridges use bored pile foundations. If the bridge piers are located in the water, steel casings must be sunk to a certain depth in the soil layer before bored pile construction to ensure that the hole wall is stable during drilling. At present, the steel casings are often sunk by pile-driving ship construction or floating crane fishing method construction. A pile-driving frame is installed at the end of the deck of the pile-driving ship. During operation, the pile hoisting, ship moving and positioning work are completed through steel cables, pulleys, winches and other linkage mechanisms. The piles are driven into the underwater soil layer with the help of the explosive force of the pile hammer. The floating crane construction of the fishing method usually uses the lifting mechanism on the ship deck to keep the hoisted object in a temporary stable state under the action of gravity and complete the sinking by multiple hammering;

[0003] For the main piers of super-large bridges, there are many pile foundations and large pile diameters, which require high requirements for sinking equipment. As for the construction of pile-driving ships, the construction steps are simple and the construction efficiency is high. However, for gravel soil layers with high density and strength, a particularly large pile-driving ship is required to sink the steel casing of the super-large bridge. However, when there are restrictions on the clear height of navigation in the waters, it is difficult for the pile-driving ship that meets the requirements for sinking the steel casing of the super-large bridge to enter the construction area under the navigation posture, and there may also be a situation where there is no pile-driving ship that can meet the sinking requirements for the construction unit to mobilize. Therefore, for the construction of super-large bridges, a floating crane with a smaller equipment size is often used to sink the steel casing through the fishing method. The requirements for construction equipment are lower, but compared with the construction method of the pile-driving ship, due to the different construction process, the fishing method of the floating crane is less efficient, only about half of the construction efficiency of the pile-driving ship, and the steel casing sinking construction is at a critical node in the entire bridge construction period, so it greatly affects the progress of the entire bridge construction. Summary of the invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the defects of the prior art and provide a method for sinking steel casing of an extra-large bridge. The method comprises the following steps: using a pile-driving ship to take and place piles, and hammering the steel casing to make it self-stabilized in the soil layer. There is no need to use a pile-driving ship that meets the direct sinking depth, thereby reducing the operating capacity requirements of the pile-driving ship and enabling it to meet the clear height restriction of navigation in the water area. At the same time, the fishing method is used to synchronously follow the pile-driving ship for construction at intervals, and a hydraulic impact hammer is used to hammer the steel casing to the target depth, that is, the process flow of secondary sinking using the fishing method is greatly simplified, so that its construction efficiency is basically the same as that of direct sinking by the pile-driving ship. However, there is no need for a pile-driving ship that meets the requirements of direct sinking. A pile-driving ship that can meet the requirements of self-stabilization of the steel casing in the soil layer can be used. In the construction process of the extra-large bridge, the construction progress of the bridge can be avoided from being affected by factors such as the clear height restriction of navigation or the construction capacity of the pile-driving ship.

[0005] The object of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:

[0006] A method for sinking a steel casing for an extra-large bridge, comprising:

[0007] The steel casings are sunk row by row by pile-driving vessels, driven into the riverbed and into a self-stabilizing state;

[0008] Use fishing method to hammer the steel casing in self-stabilizing state for the second time to make it sink into place;

[0009] Among them, along the sinking direction of the steel casing, the fishing method is used to hammer the steel casing synchronously with two or three rows of steel casings.

[0010] In one embodiment, the steel casing is laid row by row from upstream to downstream of the water flow by a pile driving vessel, comprising:

[0011] The piles are taken out by the lifting system on the pile-driving ship, and the steel casing is stabilized in the water by the impact hammer on the pile-driving ship;

[0012] Among them, the lifting force of the lifting system is greater than the deadweight of the steel casing, and the diameter of the pile gripper is greater than the diameter of the casing.

[0013] In one embodiment, a fishing method is used to hammer a steel casing in a self-stabilizing state, comprising:

[0014] The steel casing is hammered to the target depth using a floating crane and a heavy hydraulic impact hammer.

[0015] In one embodiment, it further comprises:

[0016] A heavy-duty hydraulic impact hammer with adjustable stroke size is used, and hammering is performed by means of a heavy hammer with a low blow.

[0017] Through this implementation, the hydraulic impact hammer can adjust the stroke size and use a heavy hammer low-strike method, which can effectively target dense and high-strength soil layers such as gravel soil layers, thereby ensuring the casing is driven into depth and greatly reducing the risk of deformation and curling of the bottom of the casing due to excessive stroke.

[0018] In one embodiment, before sinking the steel casings row by row and hammering the steel casings, the method further comprises:

[0019] The pile-driving ship is used to construct the upstream platform piles and simultaneously complete the construction of the upstream platform surface layer.

[0020] In one embodiment, it further comprises:

[0021] When the pile-driving ship has sunk half of the rows of steel casings, the pile-driving ship is used to intersperse the riverside platform piles and then continue to sink the steel casings;

[0022] Among them, when constructing the platform piles on the river bank side, the construction of the platform surface layer thereon is carried out simultaneously.

[0023] In one embodiment, it further comprises:

[0024] When the piling ship sinks the last row of steel casing, the piling ship is used to intersperse the construction of the remaining river bank side platform piles and simultaneously carry out the construction of the platform surface layer thereon.

[0025] In one embodiment, it further comprises:

[0026] The piling ship will withdraw after completing the construction of the downstream platform piles, and will simultaneously carry out the construction of the platform surface layer on the downstream platform piles.

[0027] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0028] (1) The pile-driving boat is used to take and place piles and hammer the steel casing to stabilize it in the water, giving full play to its high efficiency. The floating crane fishing method is used to synchronize the secondary hammering to sink the steel casing to the target depth, giving full play to its high energy characteristics. During the construction of super-large bridges, the construction progress of the bridge can be avoided due to factors such as navigation clearance restrictions or the construction capacity of the pile-driving boat.

[0029] (2) For gravel soil layers with high density and strength, a heavy hydraulic impact hammer is used for the secondary hammering. The stroke size can be adjusted and a heavy hammer is used to strike low. This not only ensures the casing is driven into depth, but also greatly reduces the risk of deformation and curling of the bottom of the casing due to excessive stroke.

[0030] (3) During the process of sinking the steel casing by the pile-driving ship, the piles of the outer platform of the casing area are interspersed and the construction of the drilling platform is completed simultaneously, so as to give full play to the performance of the pile-driving ship and further improve the efficiency of bridge construction. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0031] The present invention will be described in more detail below based on embodiments and with reference to the accompanying drawings, wherein:

[0032] Figure 1 A schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of the present invention is shown;

[0033] Figure 2 The schematic diagram of the structure when the fishing method is used for following the construction in the present invention is shown;

[0034] Figure 3 The schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention when sinking the river bank side construction platform piles is shown;

[0035] Figure 4 The schematic diagram of the structure of the pile driving vessel in the present invention when completing the steel casing construction is shown;

[0036] Figure 5 The schematic diagram of the structure of the completed construction platform in the present invention is shown;

[0037] In the drawings, like reference numerals are used for like parts. The drawings are not necessarily to scale. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0038] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0039] The present invention provides a method for sinking a steel casing of an extra-large bridge, comprising:

[0040] The steel casings are sunk row by row from upstream to downstream by means of a pile-driving ship, so that they are sunk in the water and enter a self-stabilizing state;

[0041] Use fishing method to hammer the steel casing in the self-stabilizing state to make it sink into place;

[0042] Among them, along the sinking direction of the steel casing, two or three rows of steel casings are separated by a fishing method and hammered synchronously;

[0043] Specifically, the steel casing is sunk row by row from upstream to downstream by a pile-driving ship, including:

[0044] The piles are taken out by the lifting system on the pile-driving ship, and the steel casing is stabilized in the water by the impact hammer on the pile-driving ship;

[0045] Among them, the lifting force of the lifting system is greater than the deadweight of the steel casing, and the diameter of the pile gripper is greater than the diameter of the casing;

[0046] The fishing method is used to hammer the steel casing in a self-stabilizing state, including:

[0047] Use a floating crane and the hydraulic impact hammer on it to hammer the steel casing to the target depth;

[0048] It should be noted that if Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, a pile-driving ship is used to sink steel casings row by row from upstream to downstream of the water flow, and the steel casings are hammered to stabilize them in the water. When the pile-driving ship is sinking the third row of steel casings, a floating crane is used to hammer the steel casings that are stabilized in the soil layer for the second time by means of a fishing method to sink them to the target depth. During the second hammering process, a hydraulic impact hammer is used and a heavy hammer is used to strike low to prevent the casing from curling. The floating crane operates on the steel casings synchronously following the sinking sequence of the pile-driving ship. In this process, since only the pile-driving ship is used to hammer the steel casings until they are stabilized in the soil layer, the pressure on the pile driver is greatly reduced. The ship's operating capacity requirements ensure that there are pile-driving ships that meet the construction requirements for use by construction units. For example, during the construction of a super-large bridge, there are many pile foundations and large pile diameters, and the pile-driving ships that can directly meet their sinking requirements have high operating capacity requirements. In addition, since the navigation clearance of the Nanjing Yangtze River Bridge is 24 meters, that is, all major bridges have navigation clearance requirements, the wall height of the large pile-driving ships that meet the construction requirements is still more than 24 meters in the boom-laying navigation posture, which makes it impossible for them to reach the construction area for construction. At the same time, for the production or operation of pile-driving ships, various waters or The maximum operating capacity of the pile-driving boats in the area takes into account the clear height of navigation. That is, when constructing a super-large bridge, there is no pile-driving boat that can meet the direct sinking requirements in the nearby area. Therefore, a floating crane with a smaller equipment height is often used to carry out construction using the fishing method. However, compared with the construction method of the pile-driving boat, due to the different construction process, the fishing method of the floating crane is less efficient, only about half of the construction efficiency of the pile-driving boat. The steel casing sinking construction is at a critical node in the entire bridge construction period, so it greatly affects the progress of the entire bridge construction. In this embodiment, by reducing the operating capacity requirements of the pile-driving boat and cooperating with the floating crane to work synchronously, the pile-driving boat sinks the steel casing to a self-stabilizing state, giving full play to its high efficiency. The floating crane cooperates with a heavy hydraulic impact hammer to hammer the steel casing to the target depth for the second time, giving full play to its high energy characteristics. The construction process provided in this embodiment amplifies the process advantages of the two, solves the equipment demand problem when sinking the steel casing of the super-large bridge, and can not affect the normal progress of the bridge construction even under the unfavorable conditions of not having a pile-driving boat that can directly sink the steel casing.

[0049] Furthermore, a heavy hydraulic impact hammer with adjustable stroke size is used, and hammering is performed by means of a heavy hammer low blow. That is, for soil layers with high density and strength such as gravel soil layers, a heavy hydraulic impact hammer with adjustable stroke size is used for secondary hammering. The heavy hammer low blow method is used to ensure the casing penetration depth and greatly reduce the risk of deformation and curling of the casing bottom due to excessive stroke.

[0050] During the process of sinking the steel casing by the pile-driving ship, the piles of the outer platform of the casing area are interspersed and the construction of the drilling platform is completed simultaneously, so as to give full play to the performance of the pile-driving ship and further improve the efficiency of bridge construction;

[0051] In one embodiment, Figure 2 As shown, before sinking the steel casing row by row and hammering the steel casing, it also includes:

[0052] Use a piling ship to construct the upstream platform piles and simultaneously complete the construction of the upstream platform surface layer;

[0053] like Figure 3 As shown, when the pile-driving ship has sunk half of the rows of steel casings, the pile-driving ship is used to interweave and construct the riverside platform piles;

[0054] Among them, when constructing the shore platform piles, the platform surface layer construction on it is carried out simultaneously;

[0055] like Figure 4 As shown, when the piling ship sinks the last row of steel casing, the piling ship is used to intersperse the construction of the remaining river bank side platform piles, and the platform surface layer construction thereon is carried out simultaneously;

[0056] like Figure 5 As shown, the piling ship exits after completing the construction of the downstream platform piles, and simultaneously carries out the construction of the platform surface layer on the downstream platform piles;

[0057] It should be noted that by using a pile-driving ship to work against the water, the construction platform piles and steel casings are sequentially sunk from upstream to downstream. Taking advantage of the fact that the working intensity required for the construction platform piles is less than that for the steel casings, the pile-driving ship is fully utilized for the operation, which further improves the construction efficiency and equipment utilization rate and reduces the construction cost.

[0058] In the description of the present invention, it is necessary to understand that the terms "upper", "lower", "bottom", "top", "front", "back", "inside", "outside", "left", "right", etc. indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation on the present invention.

[0059] Although the present invention is described herein with reference to specific embodiments, it should be understood that these embodiments are merely examples of the principles and applications of the present invention. It should therefore be understood that many modifications may be made to the exemplary embodiments and that other arrangements may be devised without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention as defined by the appended claims. It should be understood that the various dependent claims and features described herein may be combined in a manner different from that described in the original claims. It should also be understood that features described in conjunction with individual embodiments may be used in other described embodiments.

Claims

1. A method for sinking a steel casing for an extra-large bridge, characterized in that: include: The steel casings are sunk row by row by pile-driving vessels, driven into the riverbed and into a self-stabilizing state; Use fishing method to hammer the steel casing in self-stabilizing state for the second time to make it sink into place; Among them, along the sinking direction of the steel casing, the fishing method is used to hammer the steel casing synchronously with two or three rows of steel casings.

2. The method for sinking a super-large bridge steel casing according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The steel casing is laid row by row from upstream to downstream by a pile-driving ship, including: The piles are taken out by the lifting system on the pile-driving ship, and the steel casing is stabilized in the water by the impact hammer on the pile-driving ship; Among them, the lifting force of the lifting system is greater than the deadweight of the steel casing, and the diameter of the pile gripper is greater than the diameter of the casing.

3. A method for sinking a steel casing for a super-large bridge according to claim 2, characterized in that: The fishing method is used to hammer the steel casing in a self-stabilizing state, including: The steel casing is hammered to the target depth using a floating crane and a heavy hydraulic impact hammer.

4. A method for sinking a steel casing for a super-large bridge according to claim 3, characterized in that: Also includes: A heavy-duty hydraulic impact hammer with adjustable stroke size is used, and hammering is performed by means of a heavy hammer with a low blow.

5. The method for sinking a super-large bridge steel casing according to claim 2 is characterized in that: Before sinking the steel casing row by row and hammering the steel casing, it also includes: The pile-driving ship is used to construct the upstream platform piles and simultaneously complete the construction of the upstream platform surface layer.

6. A method for sinking a steel casing for a super-large bridge according to claim 5, characterized in that: Also includes: When the pile-driving ship has sunk half of the rows of steel casings, the pile-driving ship is used to intersperse the riverside platform piles, and then the steel casings are sunk. The casing sinking and the drilling platform are constructed simultaneously. Among them, when constructing the shore side platform piles, the platform surface layer construction thereon is carried out simultaneously.

7. A method for sinking a steel casing for a super-large bridge according to claim 6, characterized in that: Also includes: When the piling ship sinks the last row of steel casing, the piling ship is used to intersperse the construction of the remaining river bank side platform piles and simultaneously carry out the construction of the platform surface layer thereon.

8. The method for sinking a steel casing for a super-large bridge according to claim 7 is characterized in that: Also includes: The piling ship will withdraw after completing the construction of the downstream platform piles, and will simultaneously carry out the construction of the platform surface layer on the downstream platform piles.

Images