Breaking hammer for prying during tunnel excavation

Abstract

The breaking hammer comprises a hammer core, a shell and a support, the hammer core comprises an upper cylinder body assembly, a middle cylinder body assembly, a lower cylinder body assembly, penetrating bolts and a drill rod, the upper cylinder body assembly, the middle cylinder body assembly and the lower cylinder body assembly are connected into a whole through the penetrating bolts, and the drill rod is installed on the lower portion of the lower cylinder body assembly; the shell comprises a side plate assembly and a cover plate, a shell structure is defined by the side plate assembly and the cover plate, and a clamping block and a clamping plate are arranged on the side plate assembly; the support comprises a bottom plate, two side plates are arranged on the bottom plate, a rotary oil cylinder assembly is arranged between the two side plates, a lug plate assembly is arranged on the rotary oil cylinder assembly, and the lug plate assembly is connected with a main machine for prying operation through a first pin shaft. According to the invention, a torsion function is added, the device has relatively large penetrating power, but impact force is relatively small, a loose falling object can rapidly fall off, a firm object is not broken, the stripping speed is high, and 360-degree prying operation can be realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of engineering machinery, and in particular relates to a breaking hammer. Background Art

[0002] During the mining process, loose stones often appear on the top and side walls of the mine after excavation and blasting. If these stones are not cleaned up in time, they will be in danger of falling off at any time. The falling stones can easily injure the workers, thus bringing many hidden dangers to the production operation. The method often used is that the workers stand on the built rack and use steel chisels to pry them down. This not only has high labor intensity and low work efficiency, but also brings safety hazards to the construction workers if the workers do not have time to avoid the large-scale stone falling. At present, people use prying trolleys equipped with hydraulic breakers for prying operations, but the existing hydraulic breakers have too strong a crushing force, which not only causes the loose stones to fall off, but also causes the solid stones to be crushed, resulting in unnecessary workload. In addition, many prying operation areas are at the top, and it is necessary to look up to work. The crushing angle of the existing breaker cannot meet the operation in some areas due to structural limitations. Summary of the invention

[0003] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a breaker hammer for prying materials in tunnel excavation, which has greater penetration power and fast stripping speed and can realize 360° prying operation, and at the same time has a simple structural principle and low manufacturing cost.

[0004] To achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: A breaker hammer for tunnel excavation and prying, comprising a hammer core, a shell and a bracket, wherein the hammer core is fixedly connected to the shell by bolts, and the shell is fixedly connected to the bracket by bolts, wherein: The hammer core comprises an upper cylinder assembly, a middle cylinder assembly, a lower cylinder assembly, a through bolt and a drill rod, wherein the upper cylinder assembly, the middle cylinder assembly and the lower cylinder assembly are connected into a whole by the through bolt, and the drill rod is installed at the lower part of the lower cylinder assembly; The housing comprises a side plate assembly and a cover plate, the side plate assembly and the cover plate are enclosed to form a shell structure, and a clamping block and a clamping plate are arranged on the side plate assembly; The bracket comprises a bottom plate, two side plates are arranged on the bottom plate, a rotating cylinder assembly is arranged between the two side plates, an ear plate assembly is arranged on the rotating cylinder assembly, and the ear plate assembly is connected to a main machine of the prying operation through a first pin shaft.

[0005] The upper cylinder assembly comprises an upper cylinder, and a nitrogen valve is arranged on the upper cylinder.

[0006] The middle cylinder assembly comprises a middle cylinder, a piston is arranged in the middle cylinder, a piston ring is arranged on the piston, a reversing valve is arranged on the middle cylinder, an oil port joint is arranged on the outer wall of the middle cylinder, and a sealing member is arranged at the bottom of the middle cylinder.

[0007] The lower cylinder assembly comprises a lower cylinder, an inner sleeve and an outer sleeve are arranged in the lower cylinder, a double bearing support structure is arranged between the inner sleeve and the outer sleeve, a grease nipple and an exhaust valve are arranged on the side wall of the lower cylinder, and an end cover assembly is arranged at the lower end of the lower cylinder.

[0008] The lower cylinder body is provided with an inner sleeve hole, an outer sleeve hole, a pin hole, a grease nipple hole, an exhaust valve hole, and a bearing mounting hole. The bearing mounting holes are arranged on four planes of the upper, lower, left, and right sides of the lower cylinder body. The four groups of holes are symmetrically distributed in the center and are used to install a dual-bearing support structure. The lower end surface of the lower cylinder body is provided with bolt holes in a circular layout for installing an end cover assembly.

[0009] The dual-bearing support structure includes an inlaid sleeve and an end cover, which are fixed by fastening screws. There is a cavity between the inlaid sleeve and the end cover, in which a second pin is arranged, a cylindrical roller bearing is arranged between the second pin and the inlaid sleeve, and a straight-through pressure-injected oil cup is arranged in the end cover.

[0010] The end cover assembly comprises a limit plate, and the limit plate is fixed on the lower end surface of the lower cylinder body by fastening bolts.

[0011] The limit plate is a circular ring-shaped part with bolt holes evenly distributed on its upper circumference, and is fixed to the lower cylinder body by bolts. The inner hole size of the circular ring is larger than the diameter size of the lower part of the drill rod and smaller than the upper size of the drill rod.

[0012] The drill rod 105 is a stepped shaft, the striking end is a straight-line structure, the middle section is a cylindrical polished rod, the upper part is a cylinder with a diameter larger than the middle diameter, and has 4 evenly distributed inclined grooves with an inclination angle of 20-30°.

[0013] The side panel assembly is welded together by a mounting plate and a flat panel, and both the mounting plate and the flat panel are provided with mounting holes for mounting bolts.

[0014] Beneficial effects: Compared with the traditional hydraulic breaker, the special breaker hammer for prying hairs of the present invention has an added torsion function and has greater penetrating power, but a smaller impact force. It can achieve rapid shedding of loose objects without breaking solid objects, has a fast peeling speed, and can achieve 360° prying operations. At the same time, it has a simple structural principle and low manufacturing cost. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0015] Figure 1 A three-dimensional schematic diagram of a breaker hammer for tunnel excavation prying according to the present invention; Figure 2It is a cross-sectional view of the hammer core structure; Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of a double bearing support structure; Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the drill rod; Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional assembly of the shell; Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of a side panel assembly of the housing; Figure 7 A three-dimensional schematic diagram of the bracket. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0016] The present invention will be further explained below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0017] like Figure 1 As shown, a breaker hammer for prying of tunnel excavation includes a hammer core 1, a shell 2 and a bracket 3. The hammer core 1 is fixedly connected to the shell 2 by bolts, and the shell 2 is fixedly connected to the bracket 3 by bolts. The hammer core 1 is installed on a main machine (prying trolley) for prying operation through the bracket 3, and the power unit of the prying operation is the hammer core 1.

[0018] like Figure 2 As shown, the hammer core 1 includes an upper cylinder assembly 101, a middle cylinder assembly 102, a lower cylinder assembly 103, a through bolt 104 and a drill rod 105. The upper cylinder assembly 101, the middle cylinder assembly 102 and the lower cylinder assembly 103 are connected into a whole by the through bolt 104, and the drill rod 105 is installed at the lower part of the lower cylinder assembly 103.

[0019] The upper cylinder assembly 101 includes an upper cylinder 1011 , and a nitrogen valve 1012 is disposed on the upper cylinder 1011 .

[0020] The middle cylinder assembly 102 includes a middle cylinder 1021 , in which a piston 1022 is arranged, on which a piston ring 1023 is arranged, on which a reversing valve 1024 is arranged, on which an oil port joint 1025 is arranged on the outer wall of the middle cylinder 1021 , and at which a sealing member 1026 is arranged at the bottom of the middle cylinder 1021 .

[0021] The lower cylinder assembly 103 includes a lower cylinder 1031, in which an inner sleeve 1032 and an outer sleeve 1033 are arranged, a double bearing support structure 1036 is arranged between the inner sleeve 1032 and the outer sleeve 1033, a grease nipple 1034 and an exhaust valve 1035 are arranged on the side wall of the lower cylinder 1031, and an end cover assembly 1037 is arranged at the lower end of the lower cylinder 1031.

[0022] The lower cylinder body 1031 is provided with an inner sleeve hole, an outer sleeve hole, a pin hole, a grease nipple hole, an exhaust valve hole, and a bearing mounting hole. The bearing mounting holes are arranged on four planes, namely, the upper, lower, left, and right planes of the lower cylinder body 1031. The four groups of holes are symmetrically distributed in the center and are used to install the dual-bearing support structure 1036. The lower end surface of the lower cylinder body 1031 is provided with bolt holes in a circular layout for installing the end cover assembly 1037 to prevent the drill rod from falling off.

[0023] like Figure 3 As shown, the dual-bearing support structure 1036 includes an inlaid sleeve 10371 and an end cover 10374, and the inlaid sleeve 10371 and the end cover 10374 are fixed by fastening screws 10376. There is a cavity between the inlaid sleeve 10371 and the end cover 10374, and a second pin shaft 10373 is arranged in the cavity. A cylindrical roller bearing 10372 is arranged between the second pin shaft 10373 and the inlaid sleeve 10371, and a straight-through pressure-injected oil cup 10375 is arranged in the end cover 10374.

[0024] The end cover assembly 1037 includes a limit plate, which is fixed to the lower end surface of the lower cylinder body 1031 by fastening bolts.

[0025] The limiting plate is a circular ring-shaped part with evenly distributed bolt holes on its upper circumference, and is fixed to the lower cylinder body 1031 by bolts. The inner hole size of the ring is larger than the diameter size of the lower part of the drill rod 105 and smaller than the upper size of the drill rod 105, which plays the role of limiting the drill rod 105 to prevent it from falling off.

[0026] like Figure 5 and 6 As shown, the housing 2 includes a side plate assembly 201 and a cover plate 204, which enclose a shell structure, and a clamping block 202 and a clamping plate 203 are provided on the side plate assembly 201. The side plate assembly 201 is welded by a mounting plate 2011 and a flat panel 2012, and mounting holes are provided on the mounting plate 2011 and the flat panel 2012 for mounting bolts.

[0027] like Figure 7 As shown, the bracket 3 includes a bottom plate 301, two side plates 302 are arranged on the bottom plate 301, a rotating cylinder assembly 303 is arranged between the two side plates 302, an ear plate assembly 304 is arranged on the rotating cylinder assembly 303, and the ear plate assembly 304 is connected to the main machine of the prying operation through a first pin shaft 305. The rotating cylinder assembly 303 can realize any swing angle during the operation of the prying hammer.

[0028] like Figure 4 As shown, the drill rod 105 is a stepped shaft, the striking end is a straight-line structure, the middle section is a cylindrical polished rod, the upper portion is a cylinder with a diameter larger than the middle diameter, and has 4 evenly distributed inclined grooves with an inclination angle of 20-30°.

[0029] The working principle of the hammer core: hydraulic pressure is used as the power to drive the piston 1022 to make axial reciprocating motion. The piston 1022 continuously and intermittently strikes the drill rod 105. During the reciprocating motion of the drill rod 105, the second pin shaft 10373 slides along the inclined groove on the drill rod 105, thereby causing the drill rod 105 to twist at a certain angle, thereby realizing the principle that the drill rod 105 intermittently twists and intermittently strikes the loose stones.

[0030] The intermittent striking of the drill rod works as follows: high-pressure oil enters the front cavity of the piston 1022, pushing the piston 1022 to move in the return stroke and compressing the nitrogen in the upper cylinder 1011 at the same time; when the piston 1022 returns to the signal hole on the middle cylinder 1021, the high-pressure oil flows into the reversing valve 1024, causing the reversing valve 1024 to reverse, and then the high-pressure oil flows into the rear cavity of the piston 1022. Because the area of ​​the rear cavity of the piston 1022 is larger than the area of ​​the front cavity, under the dual effects of the pressure difference and the compressed nitrogen in the upper cylinder 1011, the piston 1022 performs a return brake, the speed drops to zero, and begins to turn into a stroke motion. When the notch of the piston 1022 connects the two signal holes of the upper cylinder 1011, the piston 1022 completes a strike on the drill rod 105. This cycle is repeated to implement the periodic strike of the piston 1022 on the drill rod 105. By controlling the reversing frequency of the reversing valve 1024, the piston 1022 intermittently strikes the drill rod 105.

[0031] The working principle of the drill rod twisting is as follows: 4 groups of second pins 10373 are installed on the lower cylinder body 1031, and 4 inclined grooves are opened on the drill rod 105. During the up and down reciprocating motion of the drill rod 105, the second pins 10373 slide in the inclined grooves. Since the inclined grooves are processed at a certain angle, the drill rod 105 is twisted at a certain angle.

[0032] The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for ordinary technicians in this technical field, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention. These improvements and modifications should also be regarded as the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A breaker hammer for tunnel excavation, characterized in that: The hammer core (1) comprises a hammer core (1), a housing (2) and a bracket (3), wherein the hammer core (1) is fixedly connected to the housing (2) by bolts, and the housing (2) is fixedly connected to the bracket (3) by bolts, wherein: The hammer core (1) comprises an upper cylinder assembly (101), a middle cylinder assembly (102), a lower cylinder assembly (103), a through bolt (104) and a drill rod (105); the upper cylinder assembly (101), the middle cylinder assembly (102) and the lower cylinder assembly (103) are connected into a whole by the through bolt (104); and the drill rod (105) is installed at the lower part of the lower cylinder assembly (103); The housing (2) comprises a side plate assembly (201) and a cover plate (204), wherein the side plate assembly (201) and the cover plate (204) are enclosed to form a shell structure, and a clamping block (202) and a clamping plate (203) are provided on the side plate assembly (201); The support (3) comprises a bottom plate (301), two side plates (302) are arranged on the bottom plate (301), a rotating cylinder assembly (303) is arranged between the two side plates (302), an ear plate assembly (304) is arranged on the rotating cylinder assembly (303), and the ear plate assembly (304) is connected to a main machine for prying operation via a first pin shaft (305).

2. A breaker hammer for tunnel excavation and prying according to claim 1, characterized in that: The upper cylinder assembly (101) comprises an upper cylinder (1011), and a nitrogen valve (1012) is provided on the upper cylinder (1011).

3. A breaker hammer for tunnel excavation and prying according to claim 1, characterized in that: The middle cylinder assembly (102) comprises a middle cylinder (1021), a piston (1022) is arranged in the middle cylinder (1021), a piston ring (1023) is arranged on the piston (1022), a reversing valve (1024) is arranged on the middle cylinder (1021), an oil port joint (1025) is arranged on the outer wall of the middle cylinder (1021), and a sealing member (1026) is arranged at the bottom of the middle cylinder (1021).

4. A breaker hammer for tunnel excavation and prying according to claim 1, characterized in that: The lower cylinder assembly (103) comprises a lower cylinder (1031), an inner sleeve (1032) and an outer sleeve (1033) are arranged in the lower cylinder (1031), a double bearing support structure (1036) is arranged between the inner sleeve (1032) and the outer sleeve (1033), a grease nipple (1034) and an exhaust valve (1035) are arranged on the side wall of the lower cylinder (1031), and an end cover assembly (1037) is arranged at the lower end of the lower cylinder (1031).

5. A breaker hammer for tunnel excavation and prying according to claim 4, characterized in that: The lower cylinder body (1031) is provided with an inner sleeve hole, an outer sleeve hole, a pin hole, a grease nipple hole, an exhaust valve hole, and a bearing mounting hole. The bearing mounting holes are arranged on four planes, namely, the upper, lower, left, and right planes of the lower cylinder body (1031). The four groups of holes are symmetrically distributed in the center and are used to install a dual-bearing support structure (1036). The lower end surface of the lower cylinder body (1031) is provided with bolt holes arranged in a ring shape and are used to install an end cover assembly (1037).

6. A breaker hammer for tunnel excavation and prying according to claim 4, characterized in that: The dual-bearing support structure (1036) comprises an inlaid sleeve (10371) and an end cover (10374); the inlaid sleeve (10371) and the end cover (10374) are fixed by fastening screws (10376); a cavity is provided between the inlaid sleeve (10371) and the end cover (10374); a second pin shaft (10373) is provided in the cavity; a cylindrical roller bearing (10372) is provided between the second pin shaft (10373) and the inlaid sleeve (10371); and a straight-through pressure-injected oil cup (10375) is provided in the end cover (10374).

7. A breaker hammer for tunnel excavation and prying according to claim 4, characterized in that: The end cover assembly (1037) comprises a limit plate, which is fixed to the lower end surface of the lower cylinder body (1031) by means of fastening bolts.

8. A tunnel excavation prying hammer according to claim 7, characterized in that: The limit plate is a circular ring-shaped part with bolt holes evenly distributed on its upper circumference, and is fixed to the lower cylinder body by bolts. The inner hole size of the circular ring is larger than the diameter size of the lower part of the drill rod and smaller than the upper size of the drill rod.

9. A breaker hammer for tunnel excavation and prying according to claim 1, characterized in that: The drill rod (105) is a stepped shaft, the striking end is a straight-line structure, the middle section is a cylindrical polished rod, the upper part is a cylinder with a diameter larger than the middle diameter, and is provided with four evenly distributed inclined grooves, the inclined angle of the inclined grooves being 20-30°.

10. A breaker hammer for tunnel excavation and prying according to claim 1, characterized in that: The side panel assembly (201) is welded together by a mounting plate (2011) and a flat panel (2012); both the mounting plate (2011) and the flat panel (2012) are provided with mounting holes for mounting bolts.

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