Simulation experiment device and method for migration and accumulation of deep oil and gas

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of oil and gas exploration, and particularly relates to a simulation experiment device and method for migration and accumulation of deep oil and gas. The deep oil and gas migration and accumulation reservoir forming simulation experiment device comprises a reservoir forming kettle, the reservoir forming kettle comprises a kettle body, and a confining pressure opening is formed in the side wall of the kettle body; the confining pressure sleeve is coaxially sleeved in the kettle body in a clearance manner, a rock sample is arranged in the confining pressure sleeve, an outer sealing assembly is arranged in an annular space between the kettle body and the confining pressure sleeve, and the outer sealing assembly can extend in the radial direction under axial pressure, so that the sealing performance is improved; pressure can be applied to an annular space between the kettle body and the confining pressure sleeve through the confining pressure opening, so that the confining pressure sleeve is deformed, and radial confining pressure is applied to a rock sample; the end part joint is arranged at the axial end part of the kettle body, on one hand, the end part joint can axially extrude the outer sealing assembly, and on the other hand, the end part joint can axially extrude the rock sample.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of oil and gas exploration, and in particular, relates to a deep oil and gas migration and accumulation simulation experimental device and a deep oil and gas migration and accumulation simulation experimental method. Background Art

[0002] As the exploration and development of medium and shallow oil and gas continues to increase, the difficulty of oil and gas discovery is increasing, and deep-ultra-deep oil and gas exploration and development has attracted more and more attention. However, traditional petroleum geological theory cannot reasonably explain the formation, preservation mechanism, diversity of oil and gas accumulation processes in deep-ultra-deep high-temperature and high-pressure systems, as well as the complexity of oil and gas sources, migration, and accumulation processes. In the basic theoretical research of petroleum geology and the innovation of exploration and development technology, simulation experiments, as a special means, run through all links of basin formation, hydrocarbon formation, and accumulation, and have played a very important role in deepening the basic research on the generation, discharge, transportation, accumulation, and accumulation process of deep oil and gas. For the complex oil and gas accumulation process under deep high-temperature and high-pressure conditions, simulation experiment technology is an important technical means for forward demonstration.

[0003] Existing simulations of oil and gas reservoir formation can be roughly divided into one-dimensional simulation, two-dimensional simulation and three-dimensional simulation. One-dimensional simulations are mostly tubular models or cylindrical models, made of glass tubes or metal tubes. However, the glass tube model can only simulate the migration and accumulation of oil and gas under low temperature and low pressure, which is very different from the actual situation. The metal tube model can simulate the oil and gas migration and accumulation process of real reservoir media with high temperature and high pressure, and plays an important role in studying the dynamic process of oil-driven water, gas-driven oil and gas-driven water, and the mechanism of oil and gas migration and accumulation under different conditions. The two-dimensional box simulation device is used to study the effects of different geological structures, different filling dynamics, and different physical properties on oil and gas accumulation, preservation and destruction, but it can only be set at normal temperature and pressure, and cannot use real oil, gas and water fluids, and cannot achieve the re-evolution simulation of epigenetic oil and gas reservoirs. There are relatively few successful three-dimensional reservoir simulation experimental devices. Representative devices include the high-temperature and high-pressure core displacement simulation system and three-dimensional imaging system of China University of Petroleum (Beijing). The high-temperature and high-pressure core displacement system is combined with three-dimensional imaging, with a pressure resistance of ≤70MPa and a temperature of room temperature to 300°C. It can observe and calculate the flow and distribution of oil, gas and water in the core pores in real time. However, the experiment uses white oil and cannot use real oil, gas and water fluids. The core sample size is at the millimeter level, and its representativeness in simulating the oil and gas reservoir formation process is questionable. At the same time, it is impossible to examine the impact of the compaction effect of the overlying static rock pressure on the oil and gas accumulation, and it is impossible to simulate the deep-ultra-deep oil and gas migration and accumulation simulation experiment under the conditions of experimental temperature of 500°C, formation static rock pressure of 250MPa, confining pressure of 120MPa and fluid pressure of 100MPa.

[0004] Chinese patent document CN109211746A "A device and experimental method for simulating oil and gas migration process under geological conditions" includes: hydrocarbon generation system and oil and gas migration system; the hydrocarbon generation system includes: hydrocarbon generation kettle, electric heating furnace, fluid high-pressure container, one end of which is provided with a high-pressure metering pump for injecting high-pressure fluid into the hydrocarbon generation kettle; hydraulic equipment; the oil and gas migration system includes: hydrocarbon displacement migration device, tubular heating furnace, which is arranged around the hydrocarbon displacement migration device, used to heat the hydrocarbon displacement migration device and collect pneumatic valves. It can simulate the migration conditions of oil and gas under geological conditions more realistically, and the obtained data parameters are more scientific and reasonable, which provides an effective means for conducting research on oil and gas migration, oil and gas generation and oil and gas resource prediction. Although the invention has the formation static rock pressure, temperature and fluid pressure to carry out simulation experiments on hydrocarbon generation and expulsion under geological conditions, the hydrocarbon generation kettle is not equipped with a core confining pressure device, and cannot implement simulation experiments on deep and ultra-deep oil and gas migration and accumulation under the combined conditions of experimental temperature of 500°C, formation static rock pressure of 250MPa, confining pressure of 120MPa and fluid pressure of 100MPa.

[0005] Although the existing core holder is equipped with a confining pressure structure, due to its structural limitations, the confining pressure can only reach 30MPa, and the upper temperature limit it can withstand is only 180°C, which is unable to reach the pressure required for deep-ultra-deep simulation experiments. Summary of the invention

[0006] In response to the technical problems mentioned above, the present invention proposes a deep oil and gas migration and accumulation simulation experimental device, which includes a reservoir formation kettle provided according to the present invention, which can provide confining pressure for rock samples, and the confining pressure can reach the pressure required for deep-ultra-deep simulation experiments.

[0007] A deep oil and gas migration and accumulation simulation experimental device provided by the present invention includes a reservoir forming kettle, and the reservoir forming kettle includes: a kettle body, a confining pressure port is arranged on the side wall of the kettle body; a confining pressure sleeve coaxially sleeved in the kettle body, the confining pressure sleeve is made of flexible metal, and a rock sample is arranged inside the confining pressure sleeve; a flow guide fixing sleeve, the flow guide fixing sleeve is coaxially sleeved between the kettle body and the confining pressure sleeve, the flow guide fixing sleeve is in radial contact with the confining pressure sleeve, and a plurality of first flow guide holes connecting the radial inner and outer sides of the flow guide fixing sleeve are arranged on the flow guide fixing sleeve; an outer sealing assembly, the outer sealing assembly is arranged to be able to radially extend under axial pressure to strengthen the sealing; a support sleeve, the support sleeve is coaxially slidably sleeved between the flow guide fixing sleeve and the kettle body, and the axial ends of the support sleeve respectively abut against two outer A sealing assembly, wherein a plurality of second flow guide holes are arranged on the support sleeve for connecting the radial inner and outer sides thereof; an end joint, wherein the end joint is arranged at the axial end of the kettle body, a part of the end joint extends into the confining pressure sleeve, and an inner sealing assembly is arranged between the confining pressure sleeve and the end joint, wherein the inner sealing assembly is arranged to be able to extend radially under axial pressure, on the one hand to seal between the end joint and the confining pressure sleeve, and on the other hand to radially extrude the confining pressure sleeve outward so that the confining pressure sleeve and the flow guide fixing sleeve are tightly fitted to form a seal, and the end joint can axially extrude the outer sealing assembly and the inner sealing assembly on the one hand, and axially extrude the rock sample on the other hand; pressure can be applied to the annular space between the kettle body and the confining pressure sleeve through the confining pressure port, so that the confining pressure sleeve is deformed, thereby applying confining pressure to the rock sample.

[0008] In a preferred embodiment, the outer sealing assembly comprises an axially adapted V-shaped sealing ring and a concave sealing ring, wherein the tip of the V-shaped sealing ring is adapted to the concave portion of the concave sealing ring.

[0009] In a preferred embodiment, the outer sealing assembly further comprises a graphite ring, and a group of the V-shaped sealing ring and the concave sealing ring are disposed on both axial sides of the graphite ring.

[0010] In a preferred embodiment, the support sleeve includes a sleeve body and abutment portions coaxially fixed at both axial ends of the sleeve body, there is a gap between the radial inner and outer sides of the sleeve body and the guide fixing sleeve and the kettle body, and the second guide hole is located on the sleeve body.

[0011] In a preferred embodiment, the rock sample is located within the length of the casing.

[0012] In a preferred embodiment, the end joint includes an upper tapered sleeve and an outer pressure sleeve respectively arranged at the two axial ends of the kettle body, one end of the upper tapered sleeve extends between the kettle body and the flow guide fixing sleeve, and axially abuts against the outer sealing assembly, and the other end of the upper tapered sleeve extends to the outside of the kettle body, and one end of the outer pressure sleeve is axially abutted against the kettle body, the outer sealing assembly and the flow guide fixing sleeve.

[0013] In a preferred embodiment, the end joint includes: a T-shaped pressure rod, the large diameter portion of the T-shaped pressure rod is located in the confining pressure sleeve and abuts against the rock sample; a tapered inner sleeve, the tapered inner sleeve is coaxially sleeved on the small diameter portion of the T-shaped pressure rod; the inner sealing assembly is coaxially sleeved on the small diameter portion of the T-shaped pressure rod and is located between the tapered inner sleeve and the large diameter portion of the T-shaped pressure rod, and the inner sealing assembly is configured to be able to extend radially under axial pressure, thereby improving the sealing performance.

[0014] In a preferred embodiment, a channel is axially penetrated in the T-shaped pressure rod, and a filter sheet is provided between the T-shaped pressure rod and the rock sample.

[0015] In a preferred embodiment, the storage kettle also includes a gantry, and an upper positioning top column for abutting against the end joint of the upper end of the kettle body is arranged on the inner top of the gantry, and a pressurizing mechanism for abutting against the end joint of the lower end of the kettle body is arranged at the lower end of the gantry, and the pressurizing mechanism can move upward relative to the gantry.

[0016] In a preferred embodiment, the pressurizing mechanism comprises an inner push column and an outer push column which are coaxially slidably sleeved, the inner push column abuts against the T-shaped pressure rod of the end joint, and the outer push column abuts against the outer pressure sleeve of the end joint.

[0017] In a preferred embodiment, a first oil cylinder and a second oil cylinder are fixedly arranged at the bottom of the gantry, the telescopic end of the first oil cylinder abuts against the outer top column, and the telescopic end of the second oil cylinder abuts against the inner top column.

[0018] In a preferred embodiment, it also includes: a heating box, the reservoir forming kettle is arranged in the heating box; a transportation and accumulation reservoir forming component for circulating oil, gas and water fluid products to the rock sample, the two ends of the transportation and accumulation reservoir forming component are respectively connected to the two ends of the rock sample, the transportation and accumulation reservoir forming component includes a collecting container and an oil and gas drainage container which are connected in sequence, the collecting container is connected to the lower end of the rock sample, and the oil and gas drainage container is connected to the upper end of the rock sample, and the oil and gas drainage container and the collecting container can respectively inject oil, gas and water fluid and formation water into the rock sample.

[0019] In a preferred embodiment, the transport and accumulation component further comprises a micro-sampler, and the micro-sampler is connected to the oil and gas drainage container.

[0020] In a preferred embodiment, the deep oil and gas migration and accumulation simulation experimental device also includes an oil and gas generating component for producing oil, gas and water fluid products, and the oil and gas generating component is connected to the migration and accumulation component.

[0021] In a preferred embodiment, the deep oil and gas migration and accumulation simulation experimental device further comprises a fluid filling component, and the fluid filling component is connected in parallel with the oil and gas drainage container.

[0022] In a preferred embodiment, the deep oil and gas migration and accumulation simulation experimental device further comprises a gas-liquid fluid collection and separation component, and the gas-liquid fluid collection and separation component is connected in series with the fluid filling component.

[0023] According to the present invention, a deep oil and gas migration and accumulation simulation experimental method is also provided. The deep oil and gas migration and accumulation simulation experimental device provided by the present invention includes the following steps: applying an axial pressure of at least 250 MPa and a confining pressure of at least 120 MPa to the rock sample, and heating it to at least 500°C; injecting formation water into the rock sample with an injection pressure of at least 100 MPa; injecting oil, gas and water fluid into the rock sample, and allowing the oil, gas and water fluid to flow through the rock sample; thereby completing a process of oil and gas injection, migration and accumulation of the rock sample.

[0024] Compared with the prior art, the advantages of the present application are as follows.

[0025] The reservoir forming kettle of the present invention comprises a kettle body and a confining pressure sleeve arranged in the kettle body. The interior of the confining pressure sleeve is used to place rock samples. During use, the annular space between the kettle body and the confining pressure sleeve is pumped with pressure, and the confining pressure sleeve can be used to apply confining pressure to the rock sample inside. In order to enable the confining pressure to reach 120MPa, the present invention is provided with an outer sealing assembly, which can extend radially when subjected to axial pressure, thereby enhancing the sealing between the kettle body and the confining pressure sleeve. The end joint of the present invention is arranged at the end of the kettle body, and the end joint comprises a T-shaped pressure rod, a tapered inner sleeve and an inner sealing assembly. Fluid can be injected into the rock sample through the channel of the T-shaped pressure rod. The end joint provides axial pressure to the outer sealing assembly on the one hand, provides axial pressure to the rock sample on the other hand, and provides axial pressure to the inner sealing assembly on the other hand, so that the formation static rock pressure to the rock sample can reach 250MPa, the confining pressure is 120MPa, and the fluid pressure is 100Mpa. The sealing effect is ensured.

[0026] The deep oil and gas migration and accumulation simulation experimental device of the present invention can implement simulation experiments of deep and ultra-deep oil and gas migration and accumulation under the combined conditions of experimental temperature of 500°C, formation static rock pressure of 250MPa, confining pressure of 120MPa, and fluid pressure of 100MPa. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0027] The present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0028] Figure 1 A schematic diagram showing an embodiment of a deep oil and gas migration and accumulation simulation experimental device according to the present invention;

[0029] Figure 2 A schematic diagram showing an embodiment of a reservoir forming kettle according to the present invention;

[0030] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the lower part of a reservoir kettle according to the present invention is shown.

[0031] In the figure: 10, deep oil and gas migration and accumulation simulation experimental device; 100, oil and gas component; 101, hydraulic station; 102, oil and gas kettle; 103, oil and gas temperature controller; 104, sealing pressure controller; 105, static rock pressure controller; 106, micro-control pressure controller; 107, micro-control pump; 108, micro-control valve; 109, injection valve; 110, oil and gas heating furnace; 111, injection pressure controller; 200, migration and accumulation component; 201, oil and gas pressure controller; 202, oil and gas valve; 203, oil and gas container; 204, oil and gas pump valve; 205, oil and gas pump pressure controller; 206, oil and gas pump; 207, micro-sampling valve; 208, micro-sampler; 209, quick sampling connector ; 210, sampling pump valve; 211, sampling pressure controller; 212, sampling metering pump; 213, migration valve; 214, transportation and accumulation hydraulic station; 215, first pressure controller; 216, second pressure controller; 217, micro-control valve; 218, micro-control pressure controller; 219, micro-control pump; 220, accumulation kettle; 221, temperature controller; 222, heating box; 223, inlet pressure controller; 224, confining pressure tracking pump; 225, confining pressure intermediate container; 226, confining pressure controller; 227, confining pressure valve; 228, outlet pressure controller; 229, migration circulation valve; 230, collection container; 231, collection container valve; 232, collection pressure controller; 233, collection pump; 234, oil and gas circulation 235, switching valve; 236, circulation valve; 300, fluid filling assembly; 301, solvent pump; 302, solvent pump valve; 303, solvent replenishing valve; 304, solvent intermediate container; 305, solvent valve; 306, water injection pump; 307, water injection valve; 308, water replenishing valve; 309, water injection intermediate container; 310, water injection valve; 311, vent valve; 312, gas injection valve; 313, gas cylinder; 314, vacuum valve; 315, vacuum pump; 316, vacuum pressure controller; 317, buffer dehydrator; 400, gas-liquid fluid collection and separation assembly; 401, collection valve; 402, gas-liquid separator; 403, separation valve; 404, gas pressure controller; 405, gas collection container; 406, gas Gas collection pump; 407, gas dryer; 408, pressure reducing valve; 409, collection evacuation valve; 410, gas automatic meter; 411, sampling evacuation valve; 412, gas extraction valve; 413, sampling device; 501, gantry; 502, pressurizing mechanism; 510, gantry top plate; 511, upper positioning top column; 513, sliding top plate; 514, gantry bottom plate; 515, first oil cylinder; 517, second oil cylinder; 518, inner top column; 519, outer top column; 520, upper outer sealing assembly; 521, lower outer sealing assembly; 522, upper inner sealing assembly; 523, lower inner sealing assembly; 601, upper tapered outer sleeve; 602, upper tapered inner sleeve; 603, upper V-shaped sealing ring; 604, upper concave sealing ring;605, graphite ring; 606, concave sealing ring; 607, lower V-shaped sealing ring; 608, liquid inlet pipe; 609, upper T-shaped pressure rod; 610, liquid inlet channel; 611, upper filter; 613, support sleeve; 6131, sleeve body; 6132, abutment part; 614, flow guide fixing sleeve; 615, rock sample; 616, kettle body; 617, temperature measuring joint; 618, confining pressure port; 619, Lower filter; 620, confining pressure sleeve; 621, lower T-shaped pressure rod; 622, outer pressure sleeve; 623, inner pressure sleeve; 624, fixing ring; 625, drainage channel; 626, drainage pipe; 627, first flow guide hole; 628, second flow guide hole; 629, temperature sensor; 600, end joint; 6221, outer body; 6222, flange; 6231, inner body; 6232, concave edge. ;

[0032] In the present application, all drawings are schematic drawings, which are only used to illustrate the principles of the present invention and are not drawn according to the actual scale. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0033] The present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0034] It should be noted that the directional terms or qualifiers "upper", "lower", etc. used in this application are all with reference to the drawings to which they are referred. They are not used to limit the absolute positions of the components involved, but can be changed according to specific circumstances.

[0035] Figure 1 The structure of the deep oil and gas migration and accumulation simulation experimental device 10 according to the present invention is shown. The deep oil and gas migration and accumulation simulation experimental device 10 includes an accumulation kettle 220.

[0036] Figure 2 The structure of the reservoir kettle 220 according to the present invention is shown. Figure 2 As shown, the reservoir kettle 220 includes a kettle body 616, a confining pressure sleeve 620 and an end joint 600.

[0037] In this embodiment, the kettle body 616 is configured to be a cylindrical tube shape with openings at both ends, and a confining pressure port 618 is provided on the side wall of the kettle body 616. The confining pressure port 618 is connected from the outer wall of the kettle body 616 to the inner wall of the kettle body 616, and pressure can be injected into the interior of the kettle body 616 through the confining pressure port 618.

[0038] The confining pressure sleeve 620 is coaxially gap-type sleeved in the kettle body 616, a rock sample 615 is arranged inside the confining pressure sleeve 620, an outer sealing assembly is arranged between the kettle body 616 and the confining pressure sleeve 620, the outer sealing assembly seals the annular space between the kettle body 616 and the confining pressure sleeve 620, and the confining pressure port 618 is connected with the annular space, pressure can be injected into the annular space between the kettle body 616 and the confining pressure sleeve 620 through the confining pressure port 618, so that the confining pressure sleeve 620 is deformed, thereby applying radial confining pressure to the rock sample 615.

[0039] In a specific embodiment, Figure 1 As shown, the confining pressure port 618 is connected to the confining pressure valve 227, the confining pressure controller 226, the confining pressure intermediate container 225 and the confining pressure tracking pump 224 in sequence through pipelines, and the confining pressure controller 226 is electrically connected to the confining pressure tracking pump 224. The confining pressure controller 226 can measure the pressure in the pipeline, and send an electrical signal to the confining pressure tracking pump 224 according to the measurement result, adjust the pumping pressure of the confining pressure tracking pump 224, and then control the confining pressure.

[0040] Furthermore, the confining and pressure sleeve 620 in this embodiment is made of metal with soft properties. Preferably, the confining and pressure sleeve 620 can be made of metal such as gold or copper.

[0041] The outer sealing assembly is configured to be able to radially extend under axial pressure, thereby improving the sealing performance and increasing the upper limit of the pressure that can be withstood between the kettle body 616 and the confining pressure sleeve 620.

[0042] The end joint 600 is disposed at the axial end of the kettle body 616 . The end joint 600 can axially extrude the outer sealing assembly on one hand, and can axially extrude the rock sample 615 on the other hand.

[0043] In this embodiment, two outer sealing assemblies are provided, namely an upper outer sealing assembly 520 and a lower outer sealing assembly 521. The upper outer sealing assembly 520 and the lower outer sealing assembly 521 are respectively provided at two ends of the annular space between the kettle body 616 and the confining pressure sleeve 620.

[0044] The structures of the upper outer sealing assembly 520 and the lower outer sealing assembly 521 are similar, and the upper outer sealing assembly 520 is used as an example for explanation. Figure 2As shown, the upper outer sealing assembly 520 includes an upper V-shaped sealing ring 603 and an upper concave sealing ring 604 that are axially adapted. One axial end of the upper V-shaped sealing ring 603 is set to a plane, and the other end is set to a shape with a tip. One axial end of the upper concave sealing ring 604 is set to a plane, and the other end is set to a shape with a groove. The tip of the upper V-shaped sealing ring 603 is adapted to the concave portion of the upper concave sealing ring 604. During operation, the tip of the upper V-shaped sealing ring 603 is squeezed into the concave portion of the upper concave sealing ring 604 under the axial force, so that the upper concave sealing ring 604 can extend radially, thereby strengthening the seal between the kettle body 616 and the confining pressure sleeve 620, so that the maximum pressure that can be borne between the kettle body 616 and the confining pressure sleeve 620 reaches the confining pressure requirement required by the rock sample 615 during the experiment.

[0045] Furthermore, the outer sealing assembly also includes a graphite ring 605, an upper concave sealing ring 604 and an upper V-shaped sealing ring 603 are sequentially arranged on the axial upper side of the graphite ring 605, and a lower concave sealing ring 606 and a lower V-shaped sealing ring 607 are sequentially arranged on the axial lower side of the graphite ring 605. In other words, the plane end of the upper concave sealing ring 604 and the plane end of the lower concave sealing ring 606 are respectively in contact with the upper and lower end surfaces of the graphite ring 605.

[0046] In a preferred embodiment, a flow guide fixing sleeve 614 is coaxially sleeved between the kettle body 616 and the confining pressure sleeve 620, the flow guide fixing sleeve 614 contacts the confining pressure sleeve 620, the upper outer sealing assembly 520 and the lower outer sealing assembly 521 are arranged between the flow guide fixing sleeve 614 and the kettle body 616, and a plurality of first flow guide holes 627 are arranged on the flow guide fixing sleeve 614 to connect the radial inner and outer sides thereof. After the rock sample 615 inside the confining pressure sleeve 620 is subjected to axial pressure, it will expand radially, thereby generating radial outward force on the confining pressure sleeve 620. The flow guide fixing sleeve 614 can support the confining pressure sleeve 620 and prevent the confining pressure sleeve 620 from expanding outwardly in the diameter direction.

[0047] According to the present invention, a support sleeve 613 is provided between the flow guide fixing sleeve 614 and the kettle body 616. The axial ends of the support sleeve 613 respectively abut against the upper outer seal assembly 520 and the lower outer seal assembly 521. A plurality of second flow guide holes 628 are provided on the support sleeve 613 to connect the radial inner and outer sides thereof. When the upper outer seal assembly 520 and the lower outer seal assembly 521 are subjected to axial pressure, the support sleeve 613 can provide axial support force for the upper outer seal assembly 520 and the lower outer seal assembly 521.

[0048] In the prior art, although there are clamps that can apply confining pressure, the confining pressure structure used in such clamps is made of rubber and cannot withstand temperatures up to 500°C. If the confining pressure structure of such a clamp is changed to a flexible metal material, another problem will arise: the forces at various locations in the axial direction of the confining pressure structure are not equal. Because, during the experiment of this embodiment, the pressure of the fluid injected between the kettle body 616 and the confining pressure sleeve 620 through the confining pressure port 618 is usually 80MPa-100Mpa, and can reach up to 120MPa, and the physical properties of metal are greatly different from those of rubber. If the mechanism of the clamp in the prior art is used, in the axial direction, the pressure near the confining pressure port 618 will be high, and the pressure away from the confining pressure port 618 will be low, thereby making the pressure generated above and below the confining pressure sleeve 620 uneven.

[0049] In the present invention, a flow guide fixing sleeve 614 and a support sleeve 613 are arranged between the confining pressure sleeve 620 and the kettle body, and gaps are arranged between the inner and outer sides of the support sleeve 613 and the flow guide fixing sleeve 614 and the kettle body 616. A plurality of first flow guide holes 627 and second flow guide holes 628 are evenly distributed on the flow guide fixing sleeve 614 and the support sleeve 613 along the axial direction, thereby solving the problem of unequal upper and lower forces on the confining pressure sleeve 620.

[0050] Specifically, Figure 3 As shown, the support sleeve 613 includes a sleeve body 6131 and abutment portions 6132 coaxially fixed at both axial ends of the sleeve body 6131. ​​The abutment portions 6132 at the upper and lower ends of the sleeve body 6131 are used to abut against the upper outer sealing assembly 520 and the lower outer sealing assembly 521, respectively. The position of the rock sample 615 is located within the length range of the sleeve body 6131, the inner diameter of the sleeve body 6131 is greater than the inner diameter of the abutment portion 6132, and the outer diameter of the sleeve body 6131 is smaller than the outer diameter of the abutment portion 6132. Under this setting, after the support sleeve 613 is set between the flow guide fixing sleeve 614 and the kettle body 616, the radial inner and outer sides of the abutment portion 6132 of the support sleeve 613 are in contact with the flow guide fixing sleeve 614 and the kettle body 616, respectively, while there is a gap between the radial inner and outer sides of the sleeve body 6131 and the flow guide fixing sleeve 614 and the kettle body 616, and the second flow guide holes 628 are all set on the sleeve body 6131.

[0051] The gaps on the radial inner and outer sides of the sleeve body 6131 have multiple functions. On the one hand, it can be used to balance the pressure so that the confining sleeve 620 can be evenly pressurized in the axial direction. On the other hand, the second guide hole 628 on the support sleeve 613 does not need to completely overlap with the first guide hole 627 on the guide fixing sleeve 614. The injected fluid pressure can quickly act on the confining sleeve 620 to form confining pressure on the rock sample 615, reducing the difficulty of parts processing.

[0052] In a specific embodiment, the end joint includes an upper tapered outer sleeve 601 and an outer pressure sleeve 622 respectively disposed at two axial ends of the kettle body 616 .

[0053] The upper tapered sleeve 601 is arranged at the upper end of the kettle body 616, and the lower end of the upper tapered sleeve 601 extends between the kettle body 616 and the guide fixing sleeve 614, and axially abuts against the upper end surface of the upper outer sealing assembly 520. The upper end of the upper tapered sleeve 601 extends to the outside of the kettle body 616, and the upper tapered sleeve 601 can move axially relative to the kettle body 616.

[0054] The outer pressure sleeve 622 is disposed at the lower end of the kettle body 616 , and the upper end of the outer pressure sleeve 622 is axially abutted against the kettle body 616 , the lower outer sealing assembly 521 and the guide fixing sleeve 614 .

[0055] During operation, the outer pressure sleeve 622 supports the kettle body 616, the lower outer sealing assembly 521 and the flow guide fixing sleeve 614, and the upper tapered sleeve 601 moves downward relative to the kettle body 616, exerting axial downward pressure on the upper outer sealing assembly 520, and the upper outer sealing assembly 520 then exerts axial downward pressure on the lower outer sealing assembly 521 through the support sleeve 613. At the same time, the lower outer sealing assembly 521 is subjected to the upward supporting force from the outer pressure sleeve 622. Finally, the upper outer sealing assembly 520 and the lower outer sealing assembly 521 expand radially under the action of axial pressure, thereby strengthening the seal between the kettle body 616 and the flow guide fixing sleeve 614.

[0056] According to the present invention, the end joint 600 further includes an upper T-shaped pressure rod 609 and a lower T-shaped pressure rod 621 coaxially slidably arranged at the upper and lower ends of the outer pressure sleeve 622. The lower end of the upper T-shaped pressure rod 609 abuts against the upper end of the rock sample 615, and the upper end of the lower T-shaped pressure rod 621 abuts against the lower end of the rock sample 615. The upper T-shaped pressure rod 609 and the lower T-shaped pressure rod 621 work together to provide axial pressure to the rock sample 615, thereby simulating the static rock pressure of the formation.

[0057] In a specific embodiment, the upper T-shaped pressure rod 609 and the lower T-shaped pressure rod 621 both include a large diameter portion and a small diameter portion coaxially fixedly arranged. The large diameter portions of the upper T-shaped pressure rod 609 and the lower T-shaped pressure rod 621 are located in the confining sleeve 620 and abut against the rock sample 615; the small diameter portions of the upper T-shaped pressure rod 609 and the lower T-shaped pressure rod 621 extend to the axial outside of the confining sleeve 620.

[0058] Furthermore, the end joint 600 also includes an upper tapered inner sleeve 602 and an inner pressure sleeve 623 , wherein the upper tapered inner sleeve 602 is coaxially slidably sleeved on the small diameter portion of the upper T-shaped pressure rod 609 , and the inner pressure sleeve 623 is coaxially slidably sleeved on the small diameter portion of the lower T-shaped pressure rod 621 .

[0059] The lower end of the upper tapered inner sleeve 602 extends between the upper T-shaped pressure rod 609 and the confining pressure sleeve 620, and an upper inner sealing assembly 522 is provided between the lower end of the upper tapered inner sleeve 602 and the large diameter portion of the upper T-shaped pressure rod 609, and the upper inner sealing assembly 522 seals the upper T-shaped pressure rod 609 and the confining pressure sleeve 620. The specific structure of the upper inner sealing assembly 522 is similar to that of the upper outer sealing assembly 520.

[0060] The upper end of the inner pressure sleeve 623 extends between the lower T-shaped pressure rod 621 and the confining pressure sleeve 620, and a lower inner sealing assembly 523 is provided between the upper end of the inner pressure sleeve 623 and the large diameter portion of the lower T-shaped pressure rod 621, and the lower inner sealing assembly 523 seals the lower T-shaped pressure rod 621 and the confining pressure sleeve 620. The specific structure of the lower inner sealing assembly 523 is similar to that of the upper outer sealing assembly 520.

[0061] Under this setting, when it is necessary to provide axial pressure for the rock sample 615, force is applied to the upper tapered inner sleeve 602 and the inner pressure sleeve 623 to bring the two closer to each other. In this process, the upper tapered inner sleeve 602 applies a downward force to the large diameter portion of the upper T-shaped pressure rod 609 through the upper inner seal assembly 522, thereby providing a downward force to the rock sample 615. At the same time, the inner pressure sleeve 623 applies an upward force to the large diameter portion of the lower T-shaped pressure rod 621 through the lower inner seal assembly 523, thereby providing an upward force to the rock sample 615. The two act simultaneously to provide axial pressure to the rock sample 615. In addition, in the process of the upper tapered inner sleeve 602 and the inner pressure sleeve 623 approaching each other, the upper inner seal assembly 522 and the lower inner seal assembly 523 will also be subjected to axial pressure, thereby causing radial expansion, thereby strengthening the seal between the upper T-shaped pressure rod 609 and the lower T-shaped pressure rod 621 and the confining pressure sleeve 620.

[0062] According to the present invention, a liquid inlet channel 610 and a liquid discharge channel 625 are respectively provided in the upper T-shaped pressure rod 609 and the lower T-shaped pressure rod 621 along the axial direction. Fluid can be injected into the rock sample 615 through the liquid inlet channel 610 and the liquid discharge channel 625. Under the action of the upper inner sealing assembly 522 and the lower inner sealing assembly 523, the pressure of the injected fluid reaches 100 MPa and still ensures effective sealing.

[0063] In a preferred embodiment, an upper filter plate 611 and a lower filter plate 619 are respectively disposed between the upper T-shaped pressure rod 609 and the lower T-shaped pressure rod 621 and the rock sample 615 .

[0064] In this embodiment, if Figure 3As shown, the axial lower end of the confining and pressure sleeve 620 is located below the lower inner sealing assembly 523. Similarly, the axial upper end of the confining and pressure sleeve 620 is located above the upper inner sealing assembly 522. Under this arrangement, when the upper inner sealing assembly 522 is subjected to an axial force and radially expands, the upper inner sealing assembly 522 can generate a radially outward extrusion force on the confining and pressure sleeve 620 while sealing between the upper T-shaped pressure rod 609 and the confining and pressure sleeve 620, so that the outer wall of the confining and pressure sleeve 620 is closely fitted with the inner wall of the flow guide fixing sleeve 614, thereby achieving a seal between the confining and pressure sleeve 620 and the flow guide fixing sleeve 614.

[0065] In a preferred embodiment, Figure 3 As shown, the outer pressure sleeve 622 includes an outer body 6221 in an annular shape and a flange 6222 arranged at the upper end of the outer wall of the outer body 6221. A fixing ring 624 is coaxially sleeved outside the outer body 6221, the upper end of the fixing ring 624 is axially abutted against the flange 6222, and the outer wall of the fixing ring 624 is fixedly connected to the kettle body 616 by a threaded connection.

[0066] The inner pressure sleeve 623 includes an inner main body 6231 coaxially sleeved on the small diameter portion of the lower T-shaped pressure rod 621, and a recessed edge 6232 is provided at the lower end of the outer wall of the inner main body 6231. The inner main body 6231 is axially abutted against the outer pressure sleeve 622 through the recessed edge 6232, so that the outer pressure sleeve 622 can provide an upward supporting force for the inner pressure sleeve 623.

[0067] The above arrangement greatly simplifies the assembly process. During assembly, the inner pressure sleeve 623 is inserted downward from the upper end into the outer pressure sleeve 622 until the concave edge 6232 of the inner pressure sleeve 623 abuts against the inner pressure sleeve 623 axially, and then the outer pressure sleeve 622 is inserted upward from the lower end into the kettle body 616 until the upper end of the outer pressure sleeve 622 abuts against the kettle body 616 axially. Then, the fixing ring 624 is inserted upward from the lower end between the kettle body 616 and the outer pressure sleeve 622, and the fixing ring 624 is fixed to the kettle body 616 through threads. Afterwards, according to Figure 2 The remaining components are inserted into the inner cavity of the kettle body 616 from the upper end downwards in the structural order.

[0068] In the present invention, the rock sample 615 can be a cylinder adapted to the inner cavity of the confining pressure sleeve 620, or a debris sample. After the experiment is over, the debris sample can form a complete core sample under the action of axial pressure and confining pressure.

[0069] In a specific embodiment, the storage kettle 220 further includes a gantry 501. The gantry 501 includes a gantry top plate 510, an upper positioning top column 511 and a gantry bottom plate 514. The upper positioning top column 511 is fixedly arranged at the middle position of the lower end surface of the gantry top plate 510, and the lower end surface of the upper positioning top column 511 is axially abutted against the upper end surface of the end joint 600 at the upper end of the kettle body 616. The gantry bottom plate 514 is fixedly arranged below the gantry top plate 510.

[0070] A pressurizing mechanism 502 is disposed on the gantry bottom plate 514 , and the upper end of the pressurizing mechanism 502 is axially abutted against the lower end surface of the end joint 600 at the lower end of the kettle body 616 , and the pressurizing mechanism 502 can move upward relative to the gantry bottom plate 514 .

[0071] In a specific embodiment, Figure 2 As shown, the lower end of the upper positioning pillar 511 is axially abutted against the upper ends of the upper tapered outer sleeve 601 and the upper tapered inner sleeve 602. A liquid inlet pipe 608 connected to the liquid inlet channel 610 is arranged at the top end of the upper T-shaped pressure rod 609, and a cavity providing an installation space for the liquid inlet pipe 608 is arranged in the upper positioning pillar 511, and the liquid inlet pipe 608 extends radially from the side wall of the upper positioning pillar 511.

[0072] The pressurizing mechanism 502 includes a first oil cylinder 515 and a second oil cylinder 517 fixedly disposed on the gantry bottom plate 514. In this embodiment, the second oil cylinder 517 is fixedly disposed in the middle of the gantry bottom plate 514, and a plurality of first oil cylinders 515 are uniformly disposed around the second oil cylinder 517 along the circumferential direction.

[0073] A sliding top plate 513 is fixedly provided on the telescopic rod of the first oil cylinder 515. The sliding top plate 513 is in the shape of a disc. An outer top column 519 is provided on the top of the sliding top plate 513. The top end of the outer top column 519 abuts axially with the bottom end of the outer pressure sleeve 622. Furthermore, the top end of the outer top column 519 abuts with the lower end of the outer pressure sleeve 622 by step positioning, so that the central axis of the outer top column 519 coincides with that of the outer pressure sleeve 622.

[0074] In this way, the telescopic rod of the first oil cylinder 515 moves upward, which can provide axial pressure for the upper outer sealing assembly 520 and the lower outer sealing assembly 521, thereby enhancing the seal between the kettle body 616 and the guide fixing sleeve 614, and increasing the surrounding pressure that the kettle body 616 and the guide fixing sleeve 614 can withstand.

[0075] An inner top column 518 is slidably provided at the position of the central axis of the outer top column 519, and the top end of the inner top column 518 abuts against the inner pressure sleeve 623. Further, the top end of the inner top column 518 abuts against the lower end of the inner pressure sleeve 623 by step positioning, so that the central axis of the inner top column 518 and the inner pressure sleeve 623 coincide.

[0076] A drainage pipe 626 connected to the drainage channel 625 is provided at the bottom end of the lower T-shaped pressure rod 621, and cavities for installing the drainage pipe 626 are provided on the inner top column 518 and the outer top column 519. The drainage pipe 626 extends radially from the side walls of the inner top column 518 and the outer top column 519.

[0077] The telescopic rod of the second oil cylinder 517 slides through the middle position of the sliding top plate 513, that is, the telescopic rod of the second oil cylinder 517 is coaxially slidably arranged on the sliding top plate 513. The upper end of the telescopic rod of the second oil cylinder 517 passes through the sliding top plate 513 and abuts against the inner top column 518 coaxially.

[0078] In this way, the telescopic rod of the second oil cylinder 517 moves downward, thereby providing axial pressure to the rock sample 615 .

[0079] In a specific embodiment, Figure 1 As shown, the first oil cylinder 515 and the second oil cylinder 517 are respectively connected to the transportation and accumulation hydraulic station 214, and a first pressure controller 215 is arranged between the first oil cylinder 515 and the transportation and accumulation hydraulic station 214. The first pressure controller 215 is used to control the hydraulic pressure of the transportation and accumulation hydraulic station 214 on the second oil cylinder 517, thereby pushing the telescopic rod of the first oil cylinder 515 to move upward, providing axial pressure for the upper outer sealing assembly 520 and the lower outer sealing assembly 521, and strengthening the sealing between the kettle body 616 and the guide fixing sleeve 614.

[0080] A second pressure controller 216 is provided between the second oil cylinder 517 and the oil and gas transportation and accumulation hydraulic station 214. The second pressure controller 216 is used to control the hydraulic pressure of the oil and gas transportation and accumulation hydraulic station 214 on the second oil cylinder 517, thereby pushing the telescopic rod of the second oil cylinder 517 to move upward. On the one hand, axial pressure is provided to the upper inner sealing assembly 522 and the lower inner sealing assembly 523 to strengthen the sealing between the upper T-shaped pressure rod 609 and the lower T-shaped pressure rod 621 and the confining pressure sleeve 620; on the other hand, axial pressure is provided to the rock sample 615 to simulate the static rock pressure of the formation.

[0081] Furthermore, the second oil cylinder 517 is also connected to the micro-control valve 217, the micro-control pressure controller 218 and the micro-control pump 219. The micro-control pressure controller 218 can perform real-time pressure monitoring and accurately control the advance and retreat of the telescopic rod of the second oil cylinder 517 through the micro-control pump 219, thereby accurately controlling the static rock pressure received by the rock sample 615, which is used to simulate the process of stratum lifting and settlement.

[0082] In one embodiment of the present invention, a deep oil and gas migration and accumulation simulation experimental device 10 is provided, comprising a heating box 222, an accumulation kettle 220 provided according to the present invention, and a migration and accumulation component 200.

[0083] The reservoir forming kettle 220 is disposed in a heating box 222, and the heating box 222 is used to heat the rock sample 615 inside the reservoir forming kettle 220, thereby simulating a formation environment of 500°C.

[0084] It should be noted that the reservoir forming kettle 220 does not need to be entirely disposed inside the heating box 222 . It is only necessary for the kettle body 616 to be located inside the heating box 222 to be able to heat the rock sample 615 .

[0085] A temperature measuring joint 617 is provided on the side wall of the kettle body 616 , and a temperature sensor 629 is connected to the temperature measuring joint 617 so as to measure the internal temperature of the kettle body 616 .

[0086] The transport and accumulation component 200 is used to circulate oil, gas and water fluid products (oil, gas, formation water) to the rock sample 615, and the two ends of the transport and accumulation component are respectively connected to the two ends of the rock sample 615. After the transport and accumulation component 200 is started, the oil, gas and water fluid products are circulated through the rock sample 615.

[0087] In a specific embodiment, the transport and accumulation component 200 includes an outlet pressure controller 228, a transport circulation valve 229, a collection container 230, an oil and gas discharge circulation valve 234, a switching valve 235, a circulation valve 236, an oil and gas discharge container 203, a transport valve 213 and an inlet pressure controller 223, which are connected in sequence. The outlet pressure controller 228 is connected to the lower end of the rock sample 615, that is, the liquid discharge pipe 626. The inlet pressure controller 223 is connected to the upper end of the rock sample 615, that is, the liquid inlet pipe 608.

[0088] The collecting container 230 is connected to a collecting container valve 231 , a collecting pressure controller 232 , and a collecting pump 233 .

[0089] The oil-draining gas container 203 is connected to an oil-draining gas pump valve 204 , an oil-draining gas pump pressure controller 205 and an oil-draining gas pump 206 .

[0090] In a preferred embodiment, the migration and accumulation component 200 further includes a micro sampler 208, and the micro sampler 208 is connected between the oil and gas discharge container 203 and the migration valve 213 by means of a branch connection.

[0091] Specifically, the micro-sampler 208 is provided with a micro-sampling valve 207, a micro-sampler 208, a sampling pump valve 210, a sampling pressure controller 211 and a sampling metering pump 212. The micro-sampler 208 is connected to the oil and gas discharge container 203 via the micro-sampling valve 207. The sampling pressure controller 211 controls the pressure of the micro-sampler 208 by controlling the sampling metering pump 212, thereby controlling the amount of the sample taken out.

[0092] In a preferred embodiment, quick sampling connectors 209 are provided at both ends of the micro-sampler 208 , and the micro-sampler 208 can be quickly and conveniently assembled and disassembled through the quick sampling connectors 209 .

[0093] According to the present invention, in a preferred embodiment, the deep oil and gas migration and accumulation simulation experimental device 10 also includes an oil and gas generation component 100 for producing oil, gas and water fluid products, and the oil and gas generation component 100 is connected to the migration and accumulation component 200.

[0094] The oil and gas generating component 100 includes an oil and gas generating kettle 102, the inlet of which is connected to a switching valve 235 through an injection pressure controller 111 and an injection valve 109. The injection pressure controller 111 is used to monitor the injection pressure, and the switching valve 235 can switch the conduction state of the pipeline connected thereto. The outlet of the oil and gas generating kettle 102 is connected to an oil and gas discharge container 203 through an oil and gas discharge pressure controller 201 and an oil and gas discharge valve 202. The oil and gas generating kettle 102 can generate oil, gas and water fluid products and provide them to the transport and accumulation component 200.

[0095] In a specific embodiment, a raw oil and gas heating furnace 110 is provided outside the raw oil and gas kettle 102 , and a raw oil and gas temperature controller 103 is provided on the raw oil and gas kettle 102 .

[0096] The oil and gas generating assembly 100 further includes a hydraulic station 101, which is connected to the oil and gas generating kettle 102 and provides hydraulic oil to the oil and gas generating kettle 102. A sealing pressure controller 104 is provided on the oil and gas generating kettle 102, which is used to seal the oil and gas generating kettle 102. A static rock pressure controller 105 is provided on the oil and gas generating kettle 102, which is used to apply static rock pressure to the source rock sample in the oil and gas generating kettle 102. A micro-controlled pressure controller 106, a micro-controlled pump 107, and a micro-controlled valve 108 are also provided on the oil and gas generating kettle 102. The micro-controlled pressure controller 106 applies static rock pressure to the rock sample in the oil and gas generating kettle 102 by precisely controlling the micro-controlled pump 107, so as to simulate the process of stratum lifting and settling.

[0097] The specific internal structure of the oil and gas generating kettle 102 can be referred to Chinese patent document CN101520962B. The working principle of generating oil, gas and water fluid products is a prior art, which is not the technical point of the present invention and will not be described here.

[0098] In a preferred embodiment, the deep oil and gas migration and accumulation simulation experimental device 10 further includes a fluid filling component 300, which is connected in parallel with the oil and gas discharge container 203. Specifically, one end of the fluid filling component 300 is connected between the circulation valve 236 and the switching valve 235, and the other end is connected between the migration valve 213 and the liquid inlet pipe 608. The fluid filling component 300 is used to inject fluid into the migration and accumulation component 200 and the oil and gas generation component 100.

[0099] In a specific embodiment, the fluid filling component 300 includes a solvent intermediate container 304, which is used to inject solvent into the transport and accumulation component 200 and the oil and gas generation component 100. The solvent intermediate container 304 is connected to the oil and gas generation kettle 102 through the solvent valve 305, the switching valve 235, the injection pressure controller 111, and the injection valve 109 in sequence, and is connected to the inlet end of the oil and gas discharge container 203 through the solvent valve 305 and the circulation valve 236 in sequence.

[0100] The solvent intermediate container 304 is provided with a solvent pump valve 302 and a solvent pump 301, and the solvent pump 301 can provide pressure for the solvent intermediate container 304. The solvent intermediate container 304 is also provided with a solvent replenishing valve 303, and the solvent replenishing valve 303 is used to replenish the solvent intermediate container 304 with solvent.

[0101] In a specific embodiment, the fluid filling component 300 includes a water injection intermediate container 309, which is used to inject water into the transportation and accumulation component 200 and the oil and gas generation component 100. The water injection intermediate container 309 is connected to the oil and gas generation kettle 102 through the water injection valve 310, the switching valve 235, the injection pressure controller 111, and the injection valve 109 in sequence, and is connected to the inlet end of the oil and gas discharge container 203 through the water injection valve 310 and the circulation valve 236 in sequence.

[0102] The water injection intermediate container 309 is provided with a water injection pump 306 and a water injection valve 307, and the water injection valve 307 can provide pressure for the water injection intermediate container 309. The solvent intermediate container 304 is also provided with a water replenishment valve 308, and the water replenishment valve 308 is used to replenish the water injection intermediate container 309 with water.

[0103] In a specific embodiment, the fluid filling assembly 300 includes a gas cylinder 313, which is used to inject gas into the transportation and accumulation component 200 and the oil and gas generation component 100. The gas cylinder 313 is connected to the oil and gas generation kettle 102 through the gas injection valve 312, the switching valve 235, the injection pressure controller 111, and the injection valve 109 in sequence, and is also connected to the inlet end of the oil and gas discharge container 203 through the gas injection valve 312 and the circulation valve 236 in sequence.

[0104] In a preferred embodiment, the fluid filling assembly 300 further includes a vent valve 311 , which is used to discharge the fluid in the deep oil and gas migration and accumulation simulation experimental device 10 .

[0105] In a preferred embodiment, the deep oil and gas migration and accumulation simulation experimental device 10 further includes a gas-liquid fluid collection and separation component 400 .

[0106] The gas-liquid fluid collecting and separating component 400 includes a collecting valve 401, a gas-liquid separator 402, a separation valve 403, a gas pressure controller 404, a gas collecting container 405, a gas collecting pump 406, a gas dryer 407, a pressure reducing valve 408, a collecting evacuation valve 409, an automatic gas meter 410, a sampling evacuation valve 411, a gas extraction valve 412, and a sampling device 413.

[0107] Among them, the inlet end of the gas-liquid separator 402 is connected to the migration valve 213 through the collection valve 401, which is used to receive and separate the fluid products of oil and gas accumulation. The outlet end of the gas-liquid separator 402 is connected to the inlet end of the gas collection container 405 through the separation valve 403 and the gas pressure controller 404 in turn, which is used to quantitatively collect the gas products separated by the gas-liquid separator 402. The outlet end of the gas collection container 405 is connected to the gas automatic meter 410 through the gas dryer 407 and the pressure reducing valve 408 in turn, which is used to automatically and quantitatively collect the gas products. The liquid product separated by the gas-liquid separator 402 is used for further sample testing and analysis. The sampling device 413 is connected to the gas automatic meter 410 through the gas extraction valve 412 and the sampling evacuation valve 411 in turn.

[0108] In a preferred embodiment, the deep oil and gas migration and accumulation simulation experimental device 10 also includes a vacuum pressure controller 316, a vacuum pump 315 and a buffer dehumidifier 317. The buffer dehumidifier 317 is connected to the oil and gas generation kettle 102 through the vacuum valve 314, the switching valve 235, the injection pressure controller 111, and the injection valve 109 in sequence, and is connected to the inlet end of the oil and gas discharge container 203 through the vacuum valve 314 and the circulation valve 236 in sequence. The buffer dehumidifier 317 is also connected to the collection evacuation valve 409 through the vacuum valve 314, which is used to evacuate the gas-liquid fluid collection and separation component 400.

[0109] In a preferred embodiment, the deep oil and gas migration and accumulation simulation experimental device 10 also includes a control system, and the oil and gas generation component 100, the migration and accumulation component 200, the fluid injection component 300 and the gas-liquid fluid collection and separation component are all electrically connected to the control system.

[0110] The present invention also proposes an experimental method for simulating the injection, migration and accumulation of oil and gas fluids in reservoir rocks to form oil and gas reservoirs under deep high temperature and high pressure conditions. The experimental method is implemented based on the deep oil and gas migration and accumulation simulation experimental device 10, and the experimental method includes the following steps:

[0111] (1) Preparation of source rock samples: Drill a sample of source rock that is immature or low-mature (vitrinite reflectance Ro% ≤ 0.6%) under geological burial conditions, and cut it into a round cylinder that matches the inner cavity of the oil and gas generation kettle 102.

[0112] (2) Simulation of oil and gas fluid generation: The source rock column sample is placed in the oil and gas kettle 102, and the source rock sample in the oil and gas kettle 102 is subjected to static rock pressure through the hydraulic station 101 and the static rock pressure controller 105, which is equivalent to simulating the pressure of the overlying rock layer when the source rock layer is buried at a certain depth underground. At the same time, the oil and gas kettle 102 is sealed by the hydraulic station 101 and the sealing pressure controller 104 to ensure that the oil, gas and water fluid generated by the source rock sample does not leak under high temperature and high pressure. The source rock sample is heated to a preset temperature by the oil and gas heating furnace 110, and the preset heating time is maintained. During the heating process, the oil and gas fluid generated by the source rock sample in the oil and gas kettle 102 is collected into the oil and gas discharge container 203 through the fluid oil and gas discharge valve 202.

[0113] (3) Preparation of reservoir rock sample 615: Drill a reservoir rock sample that has been formed under geological burial conditions and has a certain porosity and permeability, and cut it into a circular column that matches the inner cavity of the kettle body 616.

[0114] (4) Simulation of oil and gas migration and accumulation: The drilled reservoir rock sample 615 is placed in the reservoir kettle 220. After the confining pressure is applied to the reservoir rock column sample by the confining pressure tracking pump 224, the overburden static rock pressure equivalent to the underground burial depth of more than 4,500 meters is applied to the reservoir rock sample 615 by the hydraulic station 214 and the second pressure controller 216. At the same time, the reservoir kettle 220 is sealed by the first pressure controller 215, and the heating box 222 is started to heat the rock sample 615 to a set temperature equivalent to the underground temperature. After the temperature and pressure reach the set value, the oil and gas discharge valve 202 and the migration valve 213 are closed, and the oil and gas discharge pump 206 is started to pressurize the oil and gas fluid in the oil and gas discharge container 203 to the set pressure, and then the micro-sampling valve 207 and the sampling pump valve 210 are opened, and the sampling metering pump 212 is started. The micro-sampling valve 207 is used to take out a few milliliters of oil and gas under the condition of balanced pressure for analysis and testing of oil and gas composition.

[0115] After sampling, open the outlet pressure controller 288, the migration circulation valve 229, and the collection container valve 231, start the collection pressure controller 232 and the collection pump 233 to increase the pressure to the set pressure, first inject the formation water in the collection container 230 into the reservoir rock sample 615, then open the oil and gas drainage pump valve 204 and the migration valve 213, and also inject the oil and gas fluid in the oil and gas drainage container 203 into the rock sample 615, where the pressure of the liquid inlet pipe 608 should be greater than the pressure of the liquid discharge pipe 626.

[0116] The collecting pump 233 is set to the backward mode, while the oil and gas discharge pump 206 is set to the forward mode. Under a certain pressure difference condition, the oil, gas and water fluid in the oil and gas discharge container 203 are continuously injected into the rock sample 615. When the oil, gas and water flow through the pores in the reservoir rock sample 615, a part of the oil and gas will displace the formation water in the reservoir rock pores and gather in the reservoir rock sample 615 to form an oil and gas reservoir. The other oil, gas and water fluid are collected in the collecting container 230, thereby completing a process of oil and gas injection, migration and accumulation into the reservoir rock.

[0117] By using the device and method provided by the present invention, it is possible to conduct simulation research on deep-ultra-deep oil and gas migration and accumulation under the conditions of experimental temperature of 500°C, formation static rock pressure of 250MPa, confining pressure of 120MPa, and fluid pressure of 100MPa.

[0118] It should be noted that the values ​​of the experimental temperature, formation static rock pressure, confining pressure, fluid pressure, etc. provided by the present invention are not the limits that the present invention can withstand, but only illustrate that the present invention can perfectly simulate the parameters of deep and ultra-deep layers. The values ​​of various parameters can be further increased according to actual needs.

[0119] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the features. In the description of the present invention, the meaning of "plurality" is two or more, unless otherwise clearly and specifically defined.

[0120] In the present invention, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "installed", "connected", "connected", "fixed" and the like should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection, or it can be an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, or it can be the internal communication of two components. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0121] In the description of this specification, the description with reference to the terms "one embodiment", "some embodiments", "examples", "specific examples", or "some examples" means that the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described in conjunction with the embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, the schematic representation of the above terms does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Moreover, the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described may be combined in any one or more embodiments or examples in a suitable manner.

[0122] Finally, it should be noted that the above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and does not constitute any limitation to the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, it is still possible for a person skilled in the art to modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments or to replace some of the technical features therein by equivalents. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A deep oil and gas migration and accumulation simulation experimental device, characterized in that: The reservoir forming kettle comprises: A kettle body (616), wherein a confining pressure port (618) is provided on a side wall of the kettle body (616); a confining pressure sleeve (620) coaxially and gap-type sleeved inside the kettle body (616); the confining pressure sleeve (620) is made of flexible metal; a rock sample (615) is arranged inside the confining pressure sleeve (620); and the confining pressure sleeve (620) can withstand a temperature of at least 500 degrees Celsius; a flow guiding fixed sleeve (614), wherein the flow guiding fixed sleeve (614) is coaxially sleeved between the kettle body (616) and the confining pressure sleeve (620), the flow guiding fixed sleeve (614) is in radial contact with the confining pressure sleeve (620), and a plurality of first flow guiding holes for connecting radial inner and outer sides of the flow guiding fixed sleeve (614) are provided on the flow guiding fixed sleeve (614); An outer sealing assembly, the outer sealing assembly being arranged between the flow guide fixing sleeve (614) and the kettle body (616), the outer sealing assembly being arranged to be able to extend radially under axial pressure, thereby strengthening sealing; A support sleeve (613), wherein the support sleeve (613) is coaxially slidably sleeved between the flow guiding fixed sleeve (614) and the kettle body (616), the axial ends of the support sleeve (613) respectively abut against the two outer sealing assemblies, and the support sleeve (613) is provided with a plurality of second flow guiding holes that communicate radially inside and outside thereof; An end joint, wherein the end joint is arranged at an axial end of the kettle body (616), a portion of the end joint extends into the confining sleeve (620), an inner sealing assembly is arranged between the confining sleeve (620) and the end joint, and the inner sealing assembly is arranged to be able to extend radially under axial pressure, on the one hand to seal between the end joint and the confining sleeve (620), and on the other hand to press the confining sleeve (620) radially outwardly so that the confining sleeve (620) and the flow guide fixing sleeve (614) are tightly fitted to form a seal, The end joint can axially extrude the outer sealing assembly and the inner sealing assembly on one hand, and can axially extrude the rock sample (615) on the other hand, and the simulated formation static rock pressure can reach at least 250 MPa. A channel for injecting fluid into the rock sample (615) is also provided in the end joint, and the pressure of the injected fluid can reach at least 100 MPa. The end joint comprises: a T-shaped pressure rod, the large diameter portion of the T-shaped pressure rod is located in the confining sleeve (620) and abuts against the rock sample (615); a tapered inner sleeve, the tapered inner sleeve is coaxially sleeved on the small diameter portion of the T-shaped pressure rod; the inner sealing assembly is coaxially sleeved on the small diameter portion of the T-shaped pressure rod and is located between the tapered inner sleeve and the large diameter portion of the T-shaped pressure rod, and the inner sealing assembly is configured to be able to extend radially under axial pressure, thereby improving sealing performance. Pressure can be applied to the annular space between the kettle body (616) and the confining pressure sleeve (620) through the confining pressure port (618), causing the confining pressure sleeve (620) to deform and apply confining pressure to the rock sample (615), and the confining pressure can reach at least 120 MPa.

2. The deep oil and gas migration and accumulation simulation experimental device according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The outer sealing assembly comprises an axially adapted V-shaped sealing ring and a concave sealing ring, wherein the tip of the V-shaped sealing ring is adapted to the concave portion of the concave sealing ring.

3. The deep oil and gas migration and accumulation simulation experimental device according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The outer sealing assembly also includes a graphite ring (605), and a group of the V-shaped sealing ring and the concave sealing ring are arranged on both axial sides of the graphite ring (605).

4. The deep oil and gas migration and accumulation simulation experimental device according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The support sleeve (613) comprises a sleeve body (6131) and abutment portions (6132) coaxially fixed at two axial ends of the sleeve body (6131), a gap exists between the radial inner and outer sides of the sleeve body (6131) and the flow guide fixing sleeve (614) and the kettle body (616), and the second flow guide hole is located on the sleeve body (6131).

5. The deep oil and gas migration and accumulation simulation experimental device according to claim 4 is characterized in that: The rock sample (615) is located within the length range of the casing (6131).

6. The deep oil and gas migration and accumulation simulation experimental device according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The end joint comprises an upper tapered sleeve (601) and an outer pressure sleeve (622) respectively arranged at two axial ends of the kettle body (616); one end of the upper tapered sleeve (601) extends between the kettle body (616) and the flow guide fixing sleeve (614) and abuts axially against the outer sealing assembly; the other end of the upper tapered sleeve (601) extends to the outside of the kettle body (616); one end of the outer pressure sleeve (622) abuts axially against the kettle body (616), the outer sealing assembly and the flow guide fixing sleeve (614).

7. The deep oil and gas migration and accumulation simulation experimental device according to claim 1 is characterized in that: A channel is axially penetrated in the T-shaped pressure rod, and a filter sheet is arranged between the T-shaped pressure rod and the rock sample (615).

8. The deep oil and gas migration and accumulation simulation experimental device according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The storage kettle also includes a gantry (501), and an upper positioning top column (511) is arranged on the inner top of the gantry (501) for abutting against the end joint of the upper end of the kettle body (616), and a pressurizing mechanism is arranged at the lower end of the gantry (501) for abutting against the end joint of the lower end of the kettle body (616), and the pressurizing mechanism can move upward relative to the gantry (501).

9. The deep oil and gas migration and accumulation simulation experimental device according to claim 8 is characterized in that: The pressurizing mechanism comprises an inner push column (518) and an outer push column (519) which are coaxially slidably sleeved, wherein the inner push column (518) abuts against the T-shaped pressure rod of the end joint, and the outer push column (519) abuts against the outer pressure sleeve (622) of the end joint.

10. The deep oil and gas migration and accumulation simulation experimental device according to claim 9, characterized in that: A first oil cylinder (515) and a second oil cylinder (517) are fixedly arranged at the bottom of the gantry (501); the telescopic end of the first oil cylinder (515) abuts against the outer top column (519), and the telescopic end of the second oil cylinder (517) abuts against the inner top column (518).

11. The deep oil and gas migration and accumulation simulation experimental device according to any one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that: Also includes: A heating box (222), wherein the reservoir forming kettle is arranged in the heating box (222); A transport and accumulation component for circulating oil, gas and water fluid products to a rock sample (615), wherein two ends of the transport and accumulation component are respectively connected to two ends of the rock sample (615), The transport, accumulation and reservoir formation component includes a collecting container (230) and an oil and gas drainage container (203) which are connected in sequence, wherein the collecting container (230) is connected to the lower end of the rock sample (615), and the oil and gas drainage container (203) is connected to the upper end of the rock sample (615), and the oil and gas drainage container (203) and the collecting container (230) can respectively inject oil, gas and water fluids and formation water into the rock sample (615).

12. The deep oil and gas migration and accumulation simulation experimental device according to claim 11, characterized in that: The transport and accumulation component further comprises a micro sampler (208), and the micro sampler (208) is connected to the oil and gas drainage container (203).

13. The deep oil and gas migration and accumulation simulation experimental device according to claim 11, characterized in that: The deep oil and gas migration and accumulation simulation experimental device also includes an oil and gas generating component for producing oil, gas and water fluid products, and the oil and gas generating component is connected to the migration and accumulation component.

14. The deep oil and gas migration and accumulation simulation experimental device according to claim 11, characterized in that: The deep oil and gas migration and accumulation simulation experimental device also includes a fluid filling component, and the fluid filling component is connected in parallel with the oil and gas drainage container (203).

15. The deep oil and gas migration and accumulation simulation experimental device according to claim 14, characterized in that: The deep oil and gas migration and accumulation simulation experimental device also includes a gas-liquid fluid collection and separation component, and the gas-liquid fluid collection and separation component is connected in series with the fluid filling component.

16. A deep oil and gas migration and accumulation simulation experimental method, characterized in that: Using the deep oil and gas migration and accumulation simulation experimental device according to any one of claims 1 to 15 comprises the following steps: Applying an axial pressure of at least 250 MPa, a confining pressure of at least 120 MPa, and heating to at least 500° C. to the rock sample (615); Injecting formation water into the rock sample (615) at an injection pressure of at least 100 MPa; Injecting oil, gas and water fluid into the rock sample (615), and allowing the oil, gas and water fluid to flow through the rock sample (615); Thus, the process of injection, migration and accumulation of oil and gas into the rock sample (615) is completed.

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