Mechanical spacing device in blast hole

Abstract

The invention provides a mechanical spacing device in a blast hole, which comprises a plurality of spacer units, a top sealing component and a bottom fixing device, the spacer units are of hollow circular tube structures, the plurality of spacer units are detachably connected through connecting components, the top of the uppermost spacer unit is connected with the top sealing component, and the bottom fixing device is detachably connected with the top sealing component. The bottom of the lowermost spacing unit is connected with a bottom fixing device, and the bottom fixing device comprises a limited bottom structure and a claw-shaped component; an opening corresponding to the claw-shaped component is formed in the limiting bottom structure; the spacer units are detachably connected through the connecting components, the number of the assembled spacer units can be determined according to needs, then the spacer length is set according to needs, meanwhile, the spacer position of the spacer can be adjusted through the operating rod, the spacer can be fixed in a blast hole after the claw-shaped components stretch out, and a worker can conveniently set the spacer position.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This patent is applicable to the field of blasting, specifically a mechanical spacing device in a blast hole. Background Art

[0002] In the field of blasting, it is usually necessary to use spacers to space the charging of blastholes, reduce the unit consumption of explosives, reduce shock and water, and reduce the foundation; reduce the explosion pressure in the blasthole, reduce or even avoid the impact and crushing of ore and rock caused by coupled charging, expand the scope of the rupture zone, and improve the effective utilization rate of the explosive blasting energy, thereby reducing the unit consumption of explosives.

[0003] The basic spacing methods of blasthole charging mainly include bottom spacing and middle spacing. The bottom spacing is to leave a certain space between the charge column in the hole and the bottom of the hole for spacing. When the charge column is detonated, part of the explosion energy is stored in the spacer, which can not only reduce the initial pressure peak of the explosion gas, but also prolong the action time of the explosion gas on the rock mass, thereby avoiding excessive crushing caused by high-pressure impact around the blasthole, but also give full play to the destruction and displacement of the rock mass by the explosion energy, and improve the utilization rate of blasting energy. The bottom air spacing can move the center of the charge column upward, and the distribution of the explosive in the hole is relatively reasonable, which enhances the crushing effect of the explosive on the non-charged section of the hole mouth, so that the rock mass is crushed evenly and the blasting effect is improved; the middle spacing is to divide the explosive inside the blasthole into upper and lower sections, and the two sections of the charge column are spaced by a spacer. The main purpose of the spacing is to reduce the filling length of the blasthole mouth, improve the uniformity of the distribution of the explosive in the hole, and improve the blasting effect of the hole mouth. Of course, the two spacing methods can also be used in combination according to needs.

[0004] The interval length is an important factor affecting the crushing effect. As the interval size increases, the degree of crushing will gradually decrease. Within the critical interval value range, the decrease in the degree of crushing is relatively small. The critical interval length is affected by the type of explosive and the structure and strength of the surrounding medium. Generally speaking, the interval length should be 11% to 35% of the length of the continuous column charge, and ideally limited to 20% to 30%; in addition, the interval position will also have a significant impact on the crushing effect. Studies have shown that the middle interval blasting has a better effect. Regardless of whether the blasting of the upper and lower sections is carried out simultaneously, the interaction and vibration of the two relative shock wave fronts under the same geological conditions will make the crushing effect of the middle interval better than that of the bottom and upper interval charges. The bottom hole interval has a certain vibration reduction effect. Studies have shown that the reduction in blasting vibration can reach more than 10%. Therefore, it is crucial to reasonably set the interval length and interval position to improve the blasting effect.

[0005] The existing spacers usually cannot be adjusted in length, and spacers that meet the length requirements can only be selected or customized according to needs, which has poor flexibility and also increases the blasting cost. In addition, when performing middle spacing, the position of the spacer is not convenient to fix. Therefore, it is necessary to provide a spacer that is easy to adjust the spacing length and spacing position. Summary of the invention

[0006] In view of the deficiencies of the prior art, the present invention provides a mechanical spacing device in a blast hole to solve the problem of the existing spacer having a constant spacing length and spacing position adjustment.

[0007] Technical solution: To achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions: A mechanical spacing device in a blasthole, comprising a plurality of spacer units, a capping member and a bottom fixing device, wherein the spacer unit is a through-hole circular tubular structure, and the plurality of spacer units are detachably connected by a connecting member, the top of the spacer unit located at the top is connected to the capping member, and the bottom of the spacer unit located at the bottom is connected to the bottom fixing device; The capping member is coupled to the inner wall of the blast hole, and a through hole is provided in the middle thereof; the bottom fixing device includes a defined bottom structure and a claw-shaped member; the defined bottom structure is provided with an opening corresponding to the claw-shaped member, and is detachably connected to the spacer unit; the claw-shaped member is connected to an operating rod, and the operating rod passes through the through hole of the capping member, and the lower end of the claw-shaped member can extend out of the defined bottom structure and open to clamp the inner wall of the blast hole.

[0008] Preferably, outer walls at both ends of the spacer unit are provided with threads, and the connecting member is a circular ring structure with threads on the inner wall, and two adjacent spacer units are connected end to end and screwed to the inner wall of the connecting member.

[0009] Preferably, the capping member has a lower portion provided with a threaded connection with an uppermost spacer unit, and the bottom-limiting structure is threadedly connected with the lowermost spacer unit.

[0010] Preferably, the claw-shaped member is three V-shaped elastic claws arranged in a Y shape, one side of the V-shaped elastic claw connected to the operating rod is a straight side, and the other side is an arc side; the limiting bottom structure is provided with a Y-shaped row of openings corresponding to the claw-shaped member.

[0011] Preferably, the operating rod comprises a plurality of operating rod units and a double-pass sleeve, and the plurality of operating rod units are detachably sleeved through the double-pass sleeve.

[0012] Preferably, the upper part of the capping member is a circular densely woven mesh plate, the middle of which is provided with a circular hole for the operating rod to pass through, and the outer edge of the circular hole is coupled to the inner wall of the blast hole. Preferably, the upper portion of the capping member is a circular solid thick plate, the middle of which is provided with a circular hole for the operating rod to pass through, and the outer edge of the circular hole is coupled to the inner wall of the blasthole.

[0013] Preferably, the spacer unit, the connecting member, the operating rod and the material defining the bottom structure are all made of PVC material.

[0014] Beneficial effects: Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: 1. The spacer units are detachably connected through connecting components. The number of assembled spacer units can be determined according to needs, and the interval length can be set according to needs, which has high flexibility.

[0015] 2. The spacing position of the spacer can be adjusted by the operating lever. At the same time, the claw-shaped component can be extended to fix the spacer in the blast hole, making it convenient for workers to set the spacing position.

[0016] 3. The present invention provides a densely woven mesh capping member suitable for underwater spacing when there is water in the blasthole. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the separator of the present invention; Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the spacer unit of the present invention; Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the connection structure of two spacer units of the present invention; Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the connecting member of the present invention; Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of a circular densely woven mesh plate capping member of the present invention; Figure 6 A schematic diagram of a part of the structure defining the bottom structure of the present invention Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of the claw-shaped member of the present invention; Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the bottom fixing device of the present invention; Fig. 9 This is a schematic diagram of the bottom fixing device of the present invention in an unfixed state; Fig.10 It is a schematic diagram of the claw-shaped member of the bottom fixing device of the present invention in an extended state; Fig.11 It is a schematic diagram of the operating rod unit structure and the double-pass sleeve structure of the present invention; Fig.12 This is the specific operation process in the hole under the water hole spacing condition of the present invention.

[0018] Among them, 1. bottom fixing device; 101. defining bottom structure; 102. claw-shaped member; 2. spacer unit; 3. connecting member; 4. capping member; 5. operating rod; 501. operating rod unit; 502. double-pass sleeve. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0019] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0020] like Figure 1 As shown, the present invention provides a mechanical spacing device in a blasthole, comprising a plurality of spacer units 2, a capping member 4 and a bottom fixing device 1, wherein the spacer unit 2 is a through-hole cylindrical structure, and the plurality of spacer units 2 are detachably connected by a connecting member 3, the top of the spacer unit 2 at the top is connected to the capping member, and the bottom of the spacer unit 2 at the bottom is connected to the bottom fixing device 1; Furthermore, the outer walls of both ends of the spacer unit 2 are provided with threads, and the connecting member 3 is a circular ring structure with threads on the inner wall. Two adjacent spacer units 2 are connected end to end and screwed to the inner wall of the connecting member 3.

[0021] Furthermore, the capping member 4 is provided at its lower portion with a threaded connection to the uppermost spacer unit 2 , and the bottom limiting structure 101 is threadedly connected to the lowermost spacer unit 2 .

[0022] Furthermore, the claw-shaped member 102 is three V-shaped elastic claws arranged in a Y shape, one side of the V-shaped elastic claw connected to the operating rod 5 is a straight side, and the other side is an arc side; the limiting bottom structure 101 is provided with a Y-shaped opening corresponding to the claw-shaped member 102.

[0023] Furthermore, the operating rod 5 includes a plurality of operating rod units 501 and a double-pass sleeve 502 , and the plurality of operating rod units 501 are detachably connected through the double-pass sleeve 502 .

[0024] Furthermore, the spacer unit 2, the connecting member 3, the operating rod 5 and the material defining the bottom structure 101 are all made of PVC material.

[0025] In an embodiment of the present invention, the upper portion of the capping member 4 is a circular solid thick plate, the middle of which is provided with a circular hole for the operating rod 5 to pass through, and the outer edge of the circular hole is coupled with the inner wall of the blasthole.

[0026] In another embodiment of the present invention, the upper portion of the capping member 4 is a circular densely woven mesh plate, a circular hole for the operating rod 5 to pass through is provided in the middle thereof, and the outer edge thereof is coupled to the inner wall of the blasthole.

[0027] The capping member 4 is coupled to the inner wall of the blasthole, and a through hole is provided in the middle thereof; the bottom fixing device 1 includes a bottom defining structure 101 and a claw-shaped member 102; the bottom defining structure 101 is provided with an opening corresponding to the claw-shaped member 102, and is detachably connected to the spacer unit 2; the claw-shaped member 102 is connected to an operating rod 5, and the operating rod 5 passes through the through hole of the capping member 4, and the lower end of the claw-shaped member 102 can extend out of the bottom defining structure 101 and open to clamp the inner wall of the blasthole.

[0028] like Figure 2 As shown, the main body design of the spacer unit 2 adopts an external spiral cylindrical structure, with both upper and lower openings open, a middle through structure in the middle of the spacer, a sealed side wall, no charge inside, and is used as an air spacer. The spacer unit is made of PVC material, with an outer diameter of 90mm, an inner diameter of 84mm, a thread length of 100mm, and an overall length of 1m. like Figure 4 As shown, the internal structure of the connecting member 3 is shown in detail. Figure 3 As shown, during the connection of multiple spacer units 2, the two spacer units 2 need to be connected end to end, and then the top of the spacer unit 2 is rotated toward the bottom of the spacer through the connecting member 3. When the connecting member 3 is just in the middle of the upper and lower spacer units 2, and the inner thread of the circular ring occupies half of the upper and lower spacer units, stop twisting. At this time, the connection of the two spacer units 2 is completed. The number of spacer units 2 to be connected is selected according to needs to achieve the goal of changing the interval length.

[0029] like Figure 5 As shown, after the spacer unit 2 is connected, it is necessary to cap it with a capping member 4 on the top to prevent the explosive from penetrating or leaking from the middle of the spacer. When the spacer is loaded with explosives before being placed in the blasthole, the capping member 4 can be screwed on the top of the topmost spacer unit 2 through a thread when the spacer and the explosive are placed in the blasthole. The top of the capping member 4 is designed to be a thick plate that is smaller than the diameter of the blasthole. The outer diameter can be coupled with the blasthole aperture and fixed on the side wall of the hole wall. Among them, the outer diameter of the top member is set to 110mm, the outer diameter of the lower part is set to 96mm, the inner diameter is set to 93mm, the thickness of the top dome is set to 5mm, the outer diameter of the inner ring is set to 30mm, and the overall length is set to 100mm.

[0030] When the requirement of charging in the water hole needs to be met on site, it is necessary to select and install a capping component 4 of a fine mesh hollow circular hole. The top structure adopts an overall fine mesh dividing surface, and a reserved caliber for the operating rod is left in the middle of the fine mesh surface. Under traditional conditions, the use of a sealing structure often cannot achieve the purpose of underwater spacing. The spacer cannot be spaced in the water, and can only be spaced above the water surface of the water hole, which is affected by the water level of the water hole. However, using a fine mesh hollow circular hole rotating component as the capping structure of the spacer can achieve the requirement of spaced charging in a water hole environment. This fine mesh hollow circular hole capping component 4 utilizes its top surface fine mesh structure, and water can directly pass through the spacer, thereby achieving the requirement of achieving spacing at any position in the hole without considering the influence of the water in the hole, and the top fine mesh structure is denser, which can prevent the top materials such as emulsion explosives from entering the spacer or directly falling into the bottom of the blasthole through the spacer to affect the blasting effect.

[0031] like Figure 6 , 7 8, the structure of the bottom fixing device is shown in detail. The bottom structure is composed of an operating rod 5 connected to a bottom claw-shaped member 102 and a bottom structure 101. The operating rod 5 is a rod composed of a plurality of operating rod units 501 combined through a double-pass structure 502. Fig.11 As shown in the figure, select the length of the assembly operating rod according to the spacing requirements. Fig. 9 , 10 As shown, when placing the spacer, the claw-shaped member 102 is supported on the inner wall of the spacer under the elastic action, and the operating rod 5 is pushed downward, and the claw-shaped member 102 can extend from the Y-shaped opening of the limiting bottom structure 101, and at the same time, it is unfolded and clamped on the inner wall of the blasthole under the elastic action, so as to realize the positioning of the spacer in the blasthole. Among them, the outer diameter of the limiting bottom structure is set to 96mm, the inner diameter is set to 93mm, and the annular surface diameter is 30mm; the outer diameter of the claw structure is set to 28mm, the inner diameter is set to 22.5mm, the straight edge claw length is set to 80mm, the curved edge claw length is set to 50mm, and the overall claw length is set to 100mm.

[0032] When in use, first connect the top capping structure of the spacer with the spacer unit body, and then connect the connection structure with the charge structure. The charge structure also meets the splicing size of the spacer part, and the overall structure is connected by a knob. After the assembly is completed, the charge structure connected to the spacer part can be installed in the blast hole as a whole.

[0033] During the assembly process, different positions or lengths of the overall connection with the charge component can be made according to the required specific spacer spacing position and spacing length. The charge component also has threaded interfaces at its top and bottom that can match the top and bottom of the spacer, making it easy to install in the use project.

[0034] During the assembly process of this device, the installation sequence is usually different according to the different spacing methods. Usually, there are three possible spacing charging forms, namely bottom spacing charging, middle spacing charging and multi-spacing charging. Usually, the assembly spacer positions corresponding to different spacing charging forms will also have differences in installation process.

[0035] The first case is the bottom interval charging form. When this type of interval form is selected, the charge spacer and the blasthole charge structure are usually assembled outside the hole first, leaving a space at the bottom of the blasthole. The reserved space at the bottom of the hole uses a gas spacer or a plastic tube as a spacing material, and the blasthole above this space uses continuous charging. Due to the existence of the air interval section at the bottom of the blasthole, the peak pressure of the upper explosive drops rapidly after the explosion, reducing the action time of the high-pressure shock wave on the hole wall, thereby reducing the range of the crushing zone caused by the explosive blasting. The bottom air interval section is not directly affected by the energy of the explosive, and will not produce a crushing zone, which improves the blasting effect and reduces the foundation. When using the bottom hole air interval charging, the reserved length of the bottom hole interval section must be guaranteed, and explosives that match the rock wave impedance must be used to ensure that the pressure and action time acting on the bottom of the hole are sufficient.

[0036] The second case is the middle interval charging form. When this type of interval form is selected, the charge spacer and the blasthole charge structure are usually assembled outside the hole first, and the explosive inside the blasthole is divided into upper and lower sections. An air spacer or plastic tube is used as a spacing material between the two sections of the charge column. The main purpose of the middle air interval is to reduce the filling length of the blasthole mouth, improve the uniformity of the explosive distribution in the hole, and improve the blasting effect of the hole mouth. The key to segmented charging is to determine the position of the air interval section, which mainly considers matching the distribution of the explosives in different parts of the axial direction of the blasthole with the corresponding resistance line size. In addition, the rock structure should also be considered. The separation section is located in the soft rock part, and the explosive is located in the hard rock part.

[0037] The third case is the multi-spaced charge form. When this type of spacing form is selected, the charge spacer and the blasthole charge structure are usually assembled in multiple parts outside the hole, and the combined spaced charge is carried out according to the different arrangements of the overall spacing method. There are several spacing methods as follows. The first one, such as Fig.12 As shown in the first example, when there is a combination of a bottom spacer and a middle spacer, the assembly order is to first install the charge spacer on the top of the spacer unit, then install the spacer unit on its top, continue to install the charge spacer on the top of the whole, and finally fill the top; the second type, when there is only a middle segmented spacer, the installation order is to first install the spacer unit on the top of the charge spacer, then install the charge spacer on its top, then install the spacer unit on the whole, continue to install the charge spacer on its top, and finally fill the top. The above two situations meet the requirements of different situations where multiple intervals can be charged.

Claims

1. A mechanical spacing device in a blast hole, characterized in that: The invention comprises a plurality of spacer units (2), a capping member (4) and a bottom fixing device (1), wherein the spacer unit (2) is a through-hole cylindrical structure, the plurality of spacer units (2) are detachably connected via a connecting member (3), the top of the spacer unit (2) located at the top is connected to the capping member, and the bottom of the spacer unit (2) located at the bottom is connected to the bottom fixing device (1); The capping member (4) is coupled to the inner wall of the blasthole, and a through hole is provided in the middle thereof; The bottom fixing device (1) includes a bottom structure (101) and a claw-shaped member (102); The limiting bottom structure (101) is provided with an opening corresponding to the claw-shaped member (102), and is detachably connected to the spacer unit (2); the claw-shaped member (102) is connected to an operating rod (5), and the operating rod (5) passes through a through hole of the capping member (4), and the lower end of the claw-shaped member (102) can extend out of the limiting bottom structure (101) and open to clamp the inner wall of the blast hole.

2. A mechanical spacing device in a blast hole according to claim 1, characterized in that: The outer walls of both ends of the spacer unit (2) are provided with threads, and the connecting member (3) is a circular ring structure with threads on the inner wall. Two adjacent spacer units (2) are connected end to end and are screwed to the inner wall of the connecting member (3).

3. A mechanical spacing device in a blast hole according to claim 2, characterized in that: The capping member (4) has a lower portion which is threadedly connected to the uppermost spacer unit (2), and the bottom limiting structure (101) is threadedly connected to the lowermost spacer unit (2).

4. A mechanical spacing device in a blast hole according to claim 1, characterized in that: The claw-shaped member (102) is three V-shaped elastic claws arranged in a Y shape, one side of the V-shaped elastic claw connected to the operating rod (5) is a straight side, and the other side is an arc side; the limiting bottom structure (101) is provided with a Y-shaped row of openings corresponding to the claw-shaped members (102).

5. A mechanical spacing device in a blast hole according to claim 1, characterized in that: The operating rod (5) comprises a plurality of operating rod units (501) and a double-pass sleeve (502), and the plurality of operating rod units (501) are detachably sleeved via the double-pass sleeve (502).

6. A mechanical spacing device in a blast hole according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The upper part of the capping member (4) is a circular solid thick plate, the middle of which is provided with a circular hole for the operating rod (5) to pass through, and the outer edge of which is coupled to the inner wall of the blasthole.

7. A mechanical spacing device in a blast hole according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The upper part of the capping member (4) is a circular densely woven mesh plate, the middle of which is provided with a circular hole for the operating rod (5) to pass through, and the outer edge of which is coupled to the inner wall of the blasthole.

8. A mechanical spacing device in a blast hole according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The materials of the spacer unit (2), the connecting member (3), the operating rod (5) and the bottom structure (101) are all PVC materials.

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