GIS + BIM-based spoil site construction method

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of infrastructure engineering, and particularly discloses a GIS + BIM-based spoil site construction method, which is characterized in that a three-dimensional terrain model of a region to which a spoil site belongs is constructed by analyzing terrain data of the spoil site, and actual terrain conditions of the spoil site can be accurately reflected; the three-dimensional terrain model constructed through the BIM technology can accurately reproduce the landform characteristics of the spoil site, meanwhile, the accurate three-dimensional terrain model provides a model reference basis for follow-up analysis of the construction condition of the spoil site, environment data of the area to which the spoil site belongs are analyzed, an initial selected construction path of the area to which the spoil site belongs is obtained, and the construction efficiency of the spoil site is improved. The construction process of the spoil site is optimized, so that the construction efficiency of the spoil site is improved, the three-dimensional terrain model of the area to which the spoil site belongs is optimized, the actual terrain conditions of the spoil site can be reflected more accurately, and uncertainty and risks in the construction process are reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of infrastructure engineering, and in particular to a method for constructing a spoil site based on GIS+BIM. Background Art

[0002] With the continuous increase in land development and construction, the construction of spoil sites has become a key link. During the construction of the spoil site, if the different data environments of the spoil site are not fully analyzed, such as the influence of environmental factors such as the terrain, precipitation intensity, and vegetation of the spoil site, it will lead to problems such as inaccurate site selection, unreasonable planning, and unscientific management of the spoil site.

[0003] For example, the invention patent with the announcement number CN107724402B announced a method for the treatment of a spoil site, which mainly includes: 1. Repairing the site to make the slope of the spoil site roughly the same, excavating the top of the spoil site, laying drainage boards and setting drainage ditches at its edge, and then backfilling the soil to make it compact and level the surface; 2. Performing vortex-type step-layering on the slope, using rollers and manual rolling to compact it; 3. Inserting steel pipes horizontally at the bottom of each step and tying fences vertically; 4. Setting up conventional drainage ditches and sump structures around the bottom of the spoil site, and planting conventional grass on the top. Considering the two aspects of the factors that cause landslides and the solutions to the problems, it fundamentally prevents rainfall from affecting the saturation of the main soil, prevents landslides from occurring, and optimizes the overall structure of the spoil site to turn waste into treasure.

[0004] For example, the invention patent with the announcement number CN113202078B announces an ecologically protected abandoned soil field, which includes an earth and rock pile, in which a water storage tank is arranged, and a plurality of water collection components are arranged on the earth and rock pile, each of which penetrates into the earth and rock pile and is connected to the water storage tank, and the water collection components are used to collect rainwater. By setting up the water storage tank and the water collection component, in rainy weather, the water collection component collects rainwater, and the rainwater collected by the collection component enters the water storage tank, thereby reducing the amount of rainwater infiltrating into the earth and rock pile, thereby reducing the occurrence of soil on the earth and rock pile following the movement of rainwater, and further reducing soil loss in the abandoned soil field.

[0005] Based on the above solutions, it is found that the environment of the abandoned soil dump plays a vital role in the construction, management and remediation of the abandoned soil dump. However, in the current technical solutions for analyzing the environment of the abandoned soil dump, the data dimension of the abandoned soil dump analyzed is relatively intuitive and single, which will make it impossible for the abandoned soil dump to fully carry out subsequent construction operations, which will lead to deviations in the construction planning of the abandoned soil dump and increase the uncertainty and risk factors of the abandoned soil dump construction. Summary of the invention

[0006] In view of the shortcomings of the prior art, the present invention provides a spoil site construction method based on GIS+BIM, which can effectively solve the problems involved in the above-mentioned background technology.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention is implemented through the following technical solutions: a method for construction of a spoil site based on GIS+BIM, comprising: constructing a three-dimensional construction terrain model of the spoil site: collecting and analyzing the terrain data of the spoil site, obtaining the surface characteristic index of the spoil site, and constructing a three-dimensional construction terrain model of the area to which the spoil site belongs through BIM technology; selecting the construction path of the spoil site: obtaining the environmental data of the area to which the spoil site belongs through the GIS system, and analyzing the surface characteristic index of the spoil site comprehensively to obtain the recommended index of the soil site path, and thereby obtaining the initial selected construction path of the area to which the spoil site belongs; the three-dimensional construction terrain model of the spoil site Model optimization: obtain the resource data corresponding to the initially selected construction path of the area where the spoil site belongs, obtain the resource availability index of the spoil site construction path, and compare it with the preset spoil site construction path resource availability index boundary value in the spoil construction database. If the spoil site construction path resource availability index is greater than or equal to the spoil site construction path resource availability index boundary value, the three-dimensional construction terrain model of the area where the spoil site belongs constructed by BIM technology is optimized. If the spoil site construction path resource availability index is less than the spoil site construction path resource availability index boundary value, the three-dimensional construction terrain model of the spoil site is optimized.

[0008] As a further method, the three-dimensional construction terrain model of the area of ​​the spoil site is constructed, and the specific construction process is:

[0009] The BIM technology is used to generate a surface model of the spoil site based on the altitude and surface area of ​​the spoil site. The inclination angle of the surface model of the spoil site is adjusted according to the average surface inclination angle of the spoil site through the BIM technology. The surface model of the spoil site after the inclination angle is adjusted is marked with the surface vegetation coverage area of ​​the spoil site by preset colors, thereby constructing an initial three-dimensional terrain model of the area belonging to the spoil site. The initial three-dimensional terrain model of the area belonging to the spoil site is adjusted according to the surface characteristic index of the spoil site, and finally a three-dimensional construction terrain model of the area belonging to the spoil site is obtained.

[0010] As a further method, the initial selection of the construction path of the area where the spoil site belongs, the specific analysis process is as follows:

[0011] The recommended index of the spoil site path is matched with the initially selected construction path corresponding to each spoil site path recommendation index interval, thereby obtaining the initially selected construction path of the area to which the spoil site belongs.

[0012] As a further method, the resource availability index of the spoil site construction path is analyzed in the following specific process:

[0013] The surface hardness of each road sampling point of the initially selected construction path in the area where the spoil site belongs is analyzed by minimum value to obtain the minimum surface hardness of the road surface of the initially selected construction path in the area where the spoil site belongs.

[0014] The soil density of each road surface sampling point of the initially selected construction path in the area where the spoil site belongs is analyzed by minimum value to obtain the lowest soil density of the road surface of the initially selected construction path in the area where the spoil site belongs.

[0015] The soil wet weight of each pavement sampling point on the initially selected construction path in the area where the dumping site belongs is subtracted from the soil dry weight of each pavement sampling point on the initially selected construction path in the area where the dumping site belongs. The obtained value is recorded as the soil water weight of each pavement sampling point on the initially selected construction path in the area where the dumping site belongs, and the value is ratioed with the soil dry weight of each pavement sampling point on the initially selected construction path in the area where the dumping site belongs to obtain the soil moisture content of each pavement sampling point on the initially selected construction path in the area where the dumping site belongs.

[0016] The soil moisture content of each road surface sampling point of the initially selected construction path in the area where the spoil site belongs is analyzed by maximum value, so as to obtain the maximum soil moisture content of the road surface of the initially selected construction path in the area where the spoil site belongs.

[0017] The lowest surface hardness, the lowest soil density and the highest soil moisture content of the road surface of the initial selected construction path in the area where the spoil site belongs are comprehensively analyzed to obtain the resource utilization index of the spoil site construction path. The specific analysis formula is:

[0018]

[0019] Where F is the resource availability index of the construction path of the spoil site, L is the minimum surface hardness of the road surface of the initial selected construction path in the area of ​​the spoil site, ΔL is the surface reference hardness preset in the spoil site construction database, and d 1 is the correction factor corresponding to the minimum hardness of the surface preset in the spoil site construction database, wd is the minimum soil density of the road surface of the initial selected construction path in the area of ​​the spoil site, Δwd is the soil reference density preset in the spoil site construction database, d 2 is the correction factor corresponding to the minimum soil density preset in the spoil site construction database, m is the maximum soil moisture content of the road surface of the initial selected construction path in the area of ​​the spoil site, Δm is the reference soil moisture content preset in the spoil site construction database, d 3 Correction factor for maximum soil moisture content preset for the spoil site construction database.

[0020] As a further method, the three-dimensional construction terrain model of the spoil site is optimized, and the specific optimization process is as follows:

[0021] The resource availability index of the spoil site construction path is compared with the preset spoil site construction path resource availability index boundary value in the spoil site construction database. If the resource availability index of the spoil site construction path is greater than or equal to the spoil site construction path resource availability index boundary value, the three-dimensional construction terrain model of the area to which the spoil site belongs constructed by BIM technology is optimized. If the resource availability index of the spoil site construction path is less than the spoil site construction path resource availability index boundary value, the optimization of the three-dimensional construction terrain model of the spoil site is completed.

[0022] Compared with the prior art, the embodiments of the present invention have at least the following advantages or beneficial effects:

[0023] (1) The present invention constructs a three-dimensional terrain model of the area to which the dump site belongs by analyzing the terrain data of the dump site. By analyzing the terrain data of the dump site, the actual terrain conditions of the dump site can be accurately reflected, which means that the three-dimensional terrain model constructed by BIM technology can accurately reproduce the geomorphic features of the dump site, including slope, elevation, terrain undulation, etc. At the same time, the accurate three-dimensional terrain model provides a model reference basis for the subsequent analysis of the construction status of the dump site.

[0024] (2) The present invention analyzes the environmental data of the area to which the abandoned soil site belongs to obtain the initial selected construction path in the area to which the abandoned soil site belongs, and can plan the optimal construction path to reduce the uncertainty and risk in the construction process, thereby improving the construction efficiency. The optimal planning of the construction path also helps to reduce the transportation distance and cost and speed up the construction progress of the abandoned soil site.

[0025] (3) The present invention optimizes the three-dimensional terrain model of the area where the dump is located. The optimized three-dimensional terrain model can more accurately reflect the actual terrain conditions of the dump, help reduce survey errors and inaccuracies, and improve the overall data quality of the dump. At the same time, the construction planning of the dump can be more accurate, reducing the uncertainty and risk in the construction process of the dump. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0026] The present invention is further described using the accompanying drawings, but the embodiments in the accompanying drawings do not constitute any limitation to the present invention. A person skilled in the art can obtain other drawings based on the following drawings without creative work.

[0027] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the method flow of the present invention.

[0028] Figure 2 It is a simulation curve diagram of soil density and soil moisture content involved in the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0029] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0030] Reference Figure 1 As shown, the present invention provides a method for construction of a spoil site based on GIS+BIM, including: constructing a three-dimensional construction terrain model of the spoil site: collecting and analyzing the terrain data of the spoil site, obtaining the surface characteristic index of the spoil site, and constructing a three-dimensional construction terrain model of the area to which the spoil site belongs through BIM technology.

[0031] In this embodiment, an RTK drone can be used to perform high-precision scanning of the area where the spoil site is located to obtain terrain data of the spoil site, and high-precision sensors can be used to ensure the accuracy and completeness of the terrain data of the area where the spoil site is located.

[0032] Selection of construction path for the spoil site: The environmental data of the area where the spoil site is located is obtained through the GIS system, and the surface characteristic index of the spoil site is analyzed comprehensively to obtain the recommended index of the soil site path, and thus the initial selected construction path for the area where the spoil site is located is obtained.

[0033] Optimization of the three-dimensional construction terrain model of the spoil site: obtain the resource data corresponding to the initial selected construction path of the area where the spoil site belongs, obtain the resource availability index of the spoil site construction path, and compare it with the preset spoil site construction path resource availability index boundary value in the spoil construction database. If the spoil site construction path resource availability index is greater than or equal to the spoil site construction path resource availability index boundary value, the three-dimensional terrain model of the area where the spoil site belongs constructed by BIM technology is optimized. If the spoil site construction path resource availability index is less than the spoil site construction path resource availability index boundary value, the optimization of the three-dimensional construction terrain model of the spoil site is completed.

[0034] Specifically, the topographic data of the dumping site include the altitude of the dumping site, the surface area of ​​the dumping site, the surface vegetation coverage area of ​​the dumping site, and the average surface inclination angle of the dumping site.

[0035] It needs to be explained that the altitude of the above-mentioned dumping site, the surface area of ​​the dumping site, the surface vegetation coverage area of ​​the dumping site, and the surface inclination angle of the dumping site are all obtained by scanning the area where the dumping site is located using RTK drones.

[0036] Furthermore, the surface characteristic index of the spoil site is analyzed in the following specific process:

[0037] The surface exposed area of ​​the dump is obtained by subtracting the surface vegetation coverage area of ​​the dump from the surface area of ​​the dump, and the surface exposed rate of the dump is obtained by performing ratio processing on the surface area of ​​the dump.

[0038] The surface characteristic index of the spoil site is obtained by comprehensively analyzing the altitude of the spoil site, the average surface inclination angle of the spoil site, and the surface exposure rate of the spoil site. The specific analysis formula is:

[0039]

[0040] Where Q is the surface characteristic index of the spoil site. Higher surface altitudes are often accompanied by complex terrain and adverse climatic conditions, which will increase the difficulty and risk of spoil site construction. At the same time, due to the large slope in high-altitude areas, the average surface inclination angle of the spoil site is large, and the risk of soil erosion in the spoil site is relatively high, which will lead to serious loss of soil in the spoil site, and then increase the surface exposure rate of the spoil site. Therefore, by analyzing the various data of the surface characteristic index of the spoil site, the construction difficulty and risk can be more accurately assessed, so as to formulate a more effective spoil site construction strategy and ensure that the construction plan is completed on time. At the same time, detailed analysis of the surface characteristic index of the spoil site is helpful to identify sensitive areas of the spoil site and take preventive measures to reduce the damage of construction to the ecological environment.

[0041] In this embodiment, the surface altitude and the exposure rate are often more consistent with the nonlinear changes in surface characteristics. For example, a slight change in altitude may cause significant environmental effects in a specific area, and the change in exposure rate may also be affected by a variety of nonlinear factors (such as vegetation recovery rate, rainfall erosion, etc.). Therefore, the use of nonlinear description can more accurately reflect the complex relationship between the surface altitude of the abandoned land dump and the surface exposure rate of the abandoned land dump. At the same time, the nonlinear function transformation of the average surface inclination angle of the abandoned land dump can well simulate the influence of the inclination angle on factors such as surface stability and soil erosion. The larger the inclination angle, the more significant the change in the surface characteristic index of the abandoned land dump, thereby being able to more accurately reflect the influence of the inclination angle on the surface characteristics.

[0042] h is the altitude of the dump site, which refers to the vertical distance of the dump site surface relative to sea level or a reference plane.

[0043] Δh is the reference altitude preset in the spoil site construction database, which refers to the highest vertical distance of the ground surface relative to the sea level in the area where the spoil site is located.

[0044] a 1The correction factor corresponding to the altitude preset in the spoil dump construction database refers to the degree of influence of the change in altitude on the surface characteristic index of the spoil dump. The fitting curve of the altitude can be obtained by fitting the correspondence between the historical precipitation and the altitude of the spoil dump. The real-time precipitation is brought into the fitting curve of the altitude to obtain the correction factor corresponding to the altitude in this embodiment, and the value range is (0, 1).

[0045] θ is the average surface inclination angle of the spoil site, which refers to the average inclination or slope of the surface of the spoil site within a horizontal distance.

[0046] Δθ is the reference angle of the ground inclination preset in the spoil dump construction database, which refers to the upper limit of the ground inclination that needs to be considered during the site selection, design, and construction of the spoil dump to ensure the stability and safety of the spoil dump.

[0047] a 2 The correction factor corresponding to the surface inclination angle preset in the construction database of the spoil site refers to the degree of influence of the change of the surface inclination angle on the surface characteristic index of the spoil site. The fitting curve of the surface inclination angle can be obtained by fitting the correspondence between the historical precipitation and the surface inclination angle of the spoil site. The real-time precipitation is brought into the fitting curve of the surface inclination angle, thereby obtaining the correction factor corresponding to the surface inclination angle in this embodiment, and the value range is (0, 1).

[0048] br is the surface exposure rate of the dumping site, which refers to the proportion of the dumping site surface not covered by vegetation.

[0049] a 3 The influencing factor corresponding to the unit value of the exposure rate preset in the construction database of the abandoned soil dump refers to the degree of influence of the change of the surface exposure rate on the surface characteristic index of the abandoned soil dump. The fitting curve of the exposure rate can be obtained by fitting the correspondence between the historical surface bare soil area and the exposure rate of the abandoned soil dump. The real-time surface bare soil area is brought into the fitting curve of the exposure rate to obtain the influencing factor corresponding to the unit value of the exposure rate in this embodiment, and the value range is (0, 1).

[0050] In this embodiment, the surface elevation reference height preset in the above-mentioned spoil field construction database is set to 200 meters, the correction factor corresponding to the altitude preset in the spoil field construction database is 0.4, the surface inclination reference angle preset in the spoil field construction database is 15 degrees, the correction factor corresponding to the surface inclination angle preset in the spoil field construction database is 0.3, and the influence factor corresponding to the exposure rate unit value preset in the spoil field construction database is 0.3. Thus, a relationship change table between the surface characteristic index of the spoil field and various parameters can be obtained, as shown in Table 1.

[0051] Table 1 Relationship between surface characteristic index and various parameters of the spoil site

[0052]

[0053]

[0054] Through the data in the above Table 1 showing the relationship between the surface characteristic index of the spoil dump and various parameters, it is found that the greater the deviation between the surface altitude of the spoil dump and the average surface inclination angle of the spoil dump and the surface altitude reference altitude and surface inclination reference angle preset in the spoil dump construction database, the greater the surface characteristic index of the spoil dump will be. At the same time, the greater the surface exposure rate of the spoil dump, the greater the surface characteristic index of the spoil dump will be.

[0055] Specifically, a three-dimensional terrain model of the area where the abandoned soil site belongs is constructed. The specific construction process is as follows:

[0056] The BIM technology is used to generate a surface model of the spoil site based on the altitude and surface area of ​​the spoil site. The inclination angle of the surface model of the spoil site is adjusted according to the average surface inclination angle of the spoil site through the BIM technology. The surface model of the spoil site after the inclination angle is adjusted is marked with the surface vegetation coverage area of ​​the spoil site by preset colors, thereby constructing an initial three-dimensional terrain model of the area belonging to the spoil site. The initial three-dimensional terrain model of the area belonging to the spoil site is adjusted according to the surface characteristic index of the spoil site, and finally a three-dimensional construction terrain model of the area belonging to the spoil site is obtained.

[0057] It should be explained that the area to which the above-mentioned dump site belongs refers to a specific geographical space range, which is mainly demarcated around the dump site (i.e., a site for dumping and disposing of soil, rocks or other waste materials). This area includes not only the dump site itself, but also the surrounding environment, terrain, landform and other elements.

[0058] In this embodiment, a three-dimensional terrain model of the area where the dump site belongs is constructed through BIM (Building Information Modeling) technology, which can accurately simulate the terrain, landform, vegetation coverage and other characteristics of the area, and provide strong support for the subsequent planning, design, construction and management of the dump site. For example, marking information such as slope changes and vegetation distribution in the model is helpful to evaluate the stability of the dump site, formulate soil and water conservation measures, plan vegetation restoration plans, etc. At the same time, by adjusting the surface characteristic index, the model can be further optimized to make it closer to the actual situation, thereby improving the accuracy and practicality of the model.

[0059] In this embodiment, it is necessary to import the terrain data of the spoil dump obtained by high-precision scanning by the RTK drone into the BIM software, use the terrain modeling function in the BIM software, generate a surface model of the spoil dump according to the imported data, use the tools in the BIM software to analyze the inclination angle of the current terrain model, and in the BIM software, the terrain editing tool can be used to adjust the inclination angle of the surface model. In the embodiment, different colors are used to distinguish vegetation-covered areas according to different types of vegetation. For example, dark green may be used to represent forests, light green for grasslands, and brown for exposed areas. The surface characteristic index of the spoil dump is used to adjust the characteristics of the initial three-dimensional terrain model of the area to which the spoil dump belongs. The quantified characteristic index data needs to be integrated into the BIM software. In the BIM software, the surface characteristic index is used to guide the adjustment of the terrain model.

[0060] Specifically, the environmental data of the area where the dumping site belongs include the maximum ultraviolet intensity and the maximum precipitation in the area where the dumping site belongs during the construction period.

[0061] It should be explained that the above-mentioned construction period refers to the entire time period from the start of the construction of the abandoned soil site to the current construction progress of the abandoned soil site. The maximum ultraviolet intensity and maximum precipitation in the area of ​​the abandoned soil site during the construction period are obtained through the GIS system.

[0062] Furthermore, the soil field path recommendation index, the specific analysis process is as follows:

[0063] The surface characteristic index of the spoil site is comprehensively analyzed with the highest ultraviolet intensity and the maximum precipitation in the area where the spoil site is located during the construction period, thereby obtaining the recommended index of the spoil site path. The specific analysis formula is:

[0064]

[0065] Where T is the recommended index for the spoil site path. A higher surface characteristic index means that the terrain of the spoil site is usually more complex, which may lead to increased construction difficulty because it is more difficult for engineering equipment and transport vehicles to operate on steep and uneven ground. At the same time, in complex terrain, the transportation route may be more tortuous and narrow, which will reduce transportation efficiency, increase transportation costs, and may lead to longer transportation time. Some extreme terrains are often accompanied by higher ultraviolet intensity. Higher ultraviolet rays will accelerate the aging process of construction equipment and materials (such as plastics and rubber parts) and increase the maintenance and replacement frequency of equipment. Extreme terrain also affects changes in precipitation. As precipitation increases, the road may become muddy. There may even be natural disasters such as waterlogging and landslides, which will greatly reduce the road's traffic capacity and increase the difficulty and risk of construction vehicles and personnel. Due to the decline in road capacity, the movement speed of construction vehicles and personnel will slow down, further leading to reduced construction efficiency and delays in construction. Therefore, by analyzing the data of the recommended index of the abandoned soil dump path, we can choose a path with more favorable terrain and environmental conditions, reduce construction difficulty, and improve construction efficiency. Path selection that takes environmental factors into consideration can reduce damage to the surrounding environment, such as reducing vegetation damage, soil erosion and pollution risks. By avoiding high-risk areas, such as areas with complex terrain and harsh climate, the safety of abandoned soil dump construction can be improved and accidents can be reduced.

[0066] In this embodiment, through nonlinear analysis of the surface characteristic index of the dump and the maximum ultraviolet intensity and maximum precipitation in the area where the dump is located during the construction period, it is helpful to highlight the impact of the extreme conditions of the maximum ultraviolet intensity and maximum precipitation on the dump path recommendation index in the analysis, smooth out the fluctuations in the data, reduce the impact of outliers, and make the calculated dump path recommendation index more accurate.

[0067] Q is the surface characteristic index of the spoil site, b 1 The weight factor corresponding to the surface characteristic index of the spoil dump preset in the spoil dump construction database refers to the degree of influence of the change of the surface characteristic index of the spoil dump on the spoil dump path recommendation index. The fitting curve corresponding to the surface characteristic index of the spoil dump can be obtained by fitting the corresponding relationship between the historical surface altitude, the historical average surface inclination angle, the historical surface exposure rate and the surface characteristic index of the spoil dump. The real-time surface altitude, the real-time average surface inclination angle and the real-time surface exposure rate of the spoil dump are brought into the fitting curve corresponding to the surface characteristic index of the spoil dump, thereby obtaining the weight factor corresponding to the surface characteristic index of the spoil dump in this embodiment, and the value range is (0, 1).

[0068] w is the maximum intensity of ultraviolet radiation in the area of ​​the spoil site during the construction period, which refers to the maximum value of the ultraviolet radiation intensity monitored in the area where the spoil site is located during the construction period.

[0069] Δw is the UV reference intensity preset in the spoil dump construction database, which refers to the average UV radiation level expected to be encountered during the spoil dump construction.

[0070] b 2 The correction factor corresponding to the maximum ultraviolet intensity preset in the spoil site construction database refers to the degree of influence of the change in the maximum ultraviolet intensity on the spoil site path recommendation index. The fitting curve corresponding to the maximum ultraviolet intensity can be obtained by fitting the correspondence between the historical time of the area to which the spoil site belongs during the construction period and the ultraviolet intensity. At the same time, the real-time time of the area to which the spoil site belongs during the construction period is brought into the fitting curve corresponding to the maximum ultraviolet intensity, thereby obtaining the correction factor corresponding to the maximum ultraviolet intensity in this embodiment, and the value range is (0, 1).

[0071] rh is the maximum precipitation in the area where the spoil site is located during the construction period, which refers to the maximum precipitation observed in the area where the spoil site is located during the entire construction period.

[0072] Δrh is the reference precipitation preset in the spoil dump construction database, which refers to the average rainfall level that may be encountered during the construction period.

[0073] b 3 The correction factor corresponding to the maximum precipitation preset in the spoil dump construction database refers to the degree of influence of the change in maximum precipitation on the spoil dump path recommendation index. The fitting curve corresponding to the maximum precipitation can be obtained by fitting the correspondence between the historical seasonal changes in the area to which the spoil dump belongs during the construction period and the maximum precipitation. At the same time, the real-time season of the area to which the spoil dump belongs during the construction period is brought into the fitting curve corresponding to the maximum precipitation, thereby obtaining the correction factor corresponding to the maximum precipitation in this embodiment, and the value range is (0, 1).

[0074] In this embodiment, the weight factor corresponding to the surface characteristic index of the spoil field preset in the above-mentioned spoil field construction database is set to 0.6, the ultraviolet reference intensity preset in the spoil field construction database is 5 mW / cm2, the correction factor corresponding to the maximum ultraviolet intensity preset in the spoil field construction database is 0.2, the reference precipitation preset in the spoil field construction database is 150 mm / month, and the correction factor corresponding to the maximum precipitation preset in the spoil field construction database is 0.2, thereby obtaining a relationship change table between the spoil field path recommendation index and various parameters, as shown in Table 2.

[0075] Table 2 Relationship between the recommended index of the spoil site path and various parameters

[0076]

[0077] Through the data in Table 2 showing the relationship between the dump path recommendation index and various parameters, it is found that the dump path recommendation index will change according to the surface characteristic index of the dump, the maximum ultraviolet intensity and the maximum precipitation. The greater the deviation between the maximum ultraviolet intensity and the maximum precipitation and the preset ultraviolet reference intensity and reference precipitation in the dump construction database, the smaller the dump path recommendation index will be.

[0078] Specifically, the initial selection of the construction path for the area of ​​the spoil site is analyzed as follows:

[0079] The recommended index of the spoil site path is matched with the initially selected construction path corresponding to each spoil site path recommendation index interval, thereby obtaining the initially selected construction path of the area to which the spoil site belongs.

[0080] In this embodiment, the recommended index intervals of the above-mentioned waste dump paths are set to (0, 30%], (30%, 60%], and greater than 60%, and the three intervals correspond to three initially selected construction paths, namely the first initially selected construction path, the second initially selected construction path, and the third initially selected construction path.

[0081] Specifically, the resource data corresponding to the initial selected construction path of the area where the dump site belongs include the surface hardness of each road surface sampling point of the initial selected construction path of the area where the dump site belongs, the dry weight and wet weight of the soil at each road surface sampling point of the initial selected construction path of the area where the dump site belongs, and the soil density at each road surface sampling point of the initial selected construction path of the area where the dump site belongs.

[0082] It should be explained that the above-mentioned road sampling points of the initial selected construction path in the area where the abandoned land dump belongs refer to the specific locations selected for collecting surface and geological data when planning and evaluating the construction path of the abandoned land dump. In the present embodiment, they are randomly arranged according to the length of the initial selected construction path in the area where the abandoned land dump belongs. The surface hardness of each road sampling point of the initial selected construction path in the area where the abandoned land dump belongs can be tested by a dynamic cone penetrometer (DCP). The dynamic cone penetrometer uses a light hammer to hit a metal cone to penetrate into the soil of the initial selected construction path. The hardness of the surface can be calculated by measuring the number of hits required for the cone to penetrate to a specific depth. The soil wet weight of each road sampling point of the initial selected construction path in the area where the abandoned land dump belongs refers to the soil sample at the time of collection. The natural weight includes moisture and other impurities in the soil. Therefore, the wet weight of the soil can be obtained directly by weighing the collected soil samples. The dry weight of the soil at each road sampling point on the initially selected construction path in the area where the landfill belongs refers to the weight after removing the moisture from the soil sample. Therefore, the soil sample can be placed in an oven and dried to a constant weight at a set temperature (set to 105°C in this embodiment). During the drying process, the moisture in the soil will be evaporated, while the minerals and other solid components in the soil remain unchanged. The dried soil sample is taken out and weighed to obtain the dry weight of the soil. The soil density at each road sampling point on the initially selected construction path in the area where the abandoned landfill belongs can be measured using radioactive isotopes (such as cesium-137) to obtain the soil density.

[0083] Specifically, the resource utilization index of the construction path of the spoil site is analyzed in the following process:

[0084] The surface hardness of each road sampling point of the initially selected construction path in the area where the spoil site belongs is analyzed by minimum value to obtain the minimum surface hardness of the road surface of the initially selected construction path in the area where the spoil site belongs.

[0085] The soil density of each road surface sampling point of the initially selected construction path in the area where the spoil site belongs is analyzed by minimum value to obtain the lowest soil density of the road surface of the initially selected construction path in the area where the spoil site belongs.

[0086] The soil wet weight of each pavement sampling point on the initially selected construction path in the area where the dumping site belongs is subtracted from the soil dry weight of each pavement sampling point on the initially selected construction path in the area where the dumping site belongs. The obtained value is recorded as the soil water weight of each pavement sampling point on the initially selected construction path in the area where the dumping site belongs, and the value is ratioed with the soil dry weight of each pavement sampling point on the initially selected construction path in the area where the dumping site belongs to obtain the soil moisture content of each pavement sampling point on the initially selected construction path in the area where the dumping site belongs.

[0087] The soil moisture content of each road surface sampling point of the initially selected construction path in the area where the spoil site belongs is analyzed by maximum value, so as to obtain the maximum soil moisture content of the road surface of the initially selected construction path in the area where the spoil site belongs.

[0088] The lowest surface hardness, the lowest soil density and the highest soil moisture content of the road surface of the initial selected construction path in the area where the spoil site belongs are comprehensively analyzed to obtain the resource utilization index of the spoil site construction path. The specific analysis formula is:

[0089]

[0090] Where F is the resource availability index of the construction path of the spoil site. When the minimum surface hardness of the road surface of the initially selected construction path in the area where the spoil site belongs is lower than the surface reference hardness preset in the spoil site construction database, it may lead to poor stability of the construction equipment during operation, increase safety risks, and transport vehicles may encounter problems such as getting stuck and slipping when driving on soft soil, affecting transportation efficiency. Low surface hardness may lead to the inability to fully utilize the spoil site, and additional engineering measures are required to ensure its use. The minimum soil density of the road surface of the initially selected construction path in the area where the spoil site belongs is lower than the soil reference density preset in the spoil site construction database, which means that the soil is relatively loose and cannot effectively support The operation of construction vehicles and equipment, soil moisture content is too high will make the soil soft, reduce its bearing capacity, thus affecting the normal use of construction vehicles and equipment, which not only increases the difficulty of construction of the spoil site, but may also lead to construction accidents. Therefore, by analyzing the data of the resource availability index of the construction path of the spoil site, it is possible to identify potential traffic obstacles in advance, such as muddy or unstable roads, so as to take measures to improve them, ensure the smooth passage of transport vehicles and construction equipment, and understand the impact of soil conditions on construction equipment, which will help to reasonably allocate equipment use and avoid excessive wear and failures caused by poor soil conditions, thereby improving overall construction efficiency.

[0091] In this embodiment, the relationship between the minimum surface hardness, the minimum soil density, and the maximum soil moisture content of the pavement of the initially selected construction path in the area where the spoil site belongs, and the resource availability of the construction path is often nonlinear. Nonlinear change analysis can more accurately capture these complex relationships and avoid the errors that may be caused by linear analysis. By comprehensively analyzing the three key indicators of surface hardness, soil density and moisture content, the bearing capacity, stability and construction difficulty of the construction path can be comprehensively evaluated, thereby more accurately determining the resource availability index of the construction path.

[0092] L is the minimum surface hardness of the road surface of the initially selected construction path in the area of ​​the spoil site, which refers to the lowest surface hardness value recorded at all sampling points on the construction path.

[0093] ΔL is the reference hardness of the ground surface preset in the spoil site construction database, which refers to a standard or benchmark value preset in the process of planning and designing the spoil site construction, used to indicate the hardness of the ground surface.

[0094] d 1 The correction factor corresponding to the minimum surface hardness preset in the spoil site construction database refers to the degree of influence of the change in the minimum surface hardness on the resource availability index of the spoil site construction path. The corresponding relationship between the historical moisture content of the surface soil and the surface hardness can be used to fit the fitting curve corresponding to the surface hardness. The real-time moisture content of the surface soil is brought into the fitting curve corresponding to the surface hardness, thereby obtaining the correction factor corresponding to the minimum surface hardness in this embodiment, and the value range is (0, 1).

[0095] wd is the minimum soil density of the road surface of the initially selected construction path in the area of ​​the spoil site, which refers to the minimum soil density value recorded at all sampling points on the construction path.

[0096] Δwd is the soil reference density preset in the spoil site construction database, which refers to a standard or benchmark value preset in the process of planning and designing the spoil site construction, used to represent the density of the soil.

[0097] d 2 The correction factor corresponding to the minimum soil density preset in the spoil site construction database refers to the degree of influence of the change in the minimum soil density on the resource availability index of the spoil site construction path. The corresponding relationship between the historical compaction degree of the soil and the soil density can be used to fit the fitting curve corresponding to the soil density. The real-time compaction degree of the soil is brought into the fitting curve corresponding to the soil density, thereby obtaining the correction factor corresponding to the minimum soil density in this embodiment, and the value range is (0, 1).

[0098] m is the maximum soil moisture content of the road surface of the initially selected construction path in the area of ​​the spoil site, which refers to the maximum value of the soil moisture content recorded at all sampling points on the construction path.

[0099] Δm is the soil reference moisture content preset in the spoil site construction database, which refers to a standard or benchmark value preset in the process of planning and designing the spoil site construction, used to indicate the soil moisture content.

[0100] d 3The correction factor of the maximum soil moisture content preset in the spoil site construction database refers to the degree of influence of the change in the maximum soil moisture content on the resource availability index of the spoil site construction path. The corresponding relationship between the historical precipitation and the soil moisture content can be used to fit the fitting curve corresponding to the soil moisture content. The real-time precipitation is brought into the fitting curve corresponding to the soil moisture content, thereby obtaining the correction factor of the maximum soil moisture content in this embodiment, and the value range is (0, 1).

[0101] In this embodiment, the hardness of the soil and its density have a certain correlation. Harder soil often has a higher density because the soil particles are more tightly bound. There is a certain relationship between the density of the soil and its moisture content. When the soil moisture content is low, the gaps between the soil particles are larger, resulting in a lower soil density. As the moisture content increases, the gaps between the soil particles are filled with water, and the soil density may increase. However, when the moisture content is too high, the soil may become too loose, resulting in a decrease in density. When the soil moisture content is moderate, the soil particles are tightly bound and the surface may show a higher hardness. However, when the soil moisture content is too high, the soil may become muddy, resulting in a decrease in the surface hardness. Conversely, when the soil is extremely dry, the surface may also show a lower hardness due to lack of moisture. Therefore, a simulation curve diagram of the relationship between soil density and soil moisture content can be constructed, as shown in the following figure. Figure 2 The simulation curve of soil density and soil moisture content is shown in the graph, where the horizontal axis is soil moisture content (%) and the vertical axis is soil density in grams / cubic centimeter.

[0102] By observation Figure 2 The simulation curve graph of soil density and soil moisture content finds that the soil moisture content increases from 5% to 60%. The soil density gradually increases when the moisture content is low, reaches a peak value (at 30% moisture content in this example), and then gradually decreases as the moisture content further increases. This trend reflects the phenomenon that the gaps between soil particles are filled with water and that excessive moisture causes the soil to become loose.

[0103] Specifically, the three-dimensional construction terrain model of the spoil site is optimized, and the specific optimization process is as follows:

[0104] The resource availability index of the spoil site construction path is compared with the preset spoil site construction path resource availability index boundary value in the spoil site construction database. If the resource availability index of the spoil site construction path is greater than or equal to the spoil site construction path resource availability index boundary value, the three-dimensional construction terrain model of the area to which the spoil site belongs constructed by BIM technology is optimized. If the resource availability index of the spoil site construction path is less than the spoil site construction path resource availability index boundary value, the optimization of the three-dimensional construction terrain model of the spoil site is completed.

[0105] In this embodiment, if the above-mentioned resource availability index of the construction path of the abandoned land dump is less than the limit value of the resource availability index of the construction path of the abandoned land dump, it means that the three-dimensional terrain model of the area to which the current abandoned land dump belongs can reflect the actual terrain conditions of the abandoned land dump, and therefore there is no need to optimize the three-dimensional construction terrain model of the abandoned land dump.

[0106] It should be explained that the above-mentioned boundary value of the resource availability index of the construction path of the abandoned soil dump refers to the maximum value allowed by the resource availability index of the construction path of the abandoned soil dump. Experts in the fields of civil engineering, environmental science and geology can be consulted to obtain their opinions and suggestions on the maximum allowable value of the resource availability of the construction path, and the boundary value of the resource availability index of the construction path of the abandoned soil dump can be set accordingly.

[0107] In this embodiment, if the resource availability index of the construction path of the spoil site is greater than or equal to the resource availability index limit value of the construction path of the spoil site, the three-dimensional terrain model of the area to which the spoil site belongs constructed by BIM technology is optimized. The specific optimization process is: evaluate the existing three-dimensional terrain model of the area to which the spoil site belongs constructed by BIM technology, determine the area that needs to be updated or optimized, and collect new terrain data of the spoil site, which may include more detailed surface characteristics, soil conditions, vegetation coverage and other information, use the autonomous update function of the BIM software to import the newly collected data into the model, and in the BIM software, optimize the terrain model according to the updated data and parameters, which may include modifying the terrain surface, adjusting the elevation, changing the slope, etc., and analyze the resource availability index of the construction path of the spoil site again for the optimized three-dimensional terrain model of the area to which the spoil site belongs. If the optimized resource availability index of the construction path of the spoil site is still greater than or equal to the resource availability index limit value of the construction path of the spoil site, it means that the terrain data of the spoil site needs to be collected again to ensure the accuracy of the three-dimensional terrain model of the area to which the spoil site belongs constructed by BIM technology.

[0108] The above contents are merely examples and explanations of the structure of the present invention. The technicians in this technical field may make various modifications or additions to the specific embodiments described or replace them in a similar manner. As long as they do not deviate from the structure of the invention or exceed the scope defined in this specification, they should all fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for construction of a spoil site based on GIS+BIM, characterized in that: include: Construct a three-dimensional construction terrain model of the spoil site: collect and analyze the terrain data of the spoil site, obtain the surface characteristic index of the spoil site, and construct a three-dimensional construction terrain model of the area where the spoil site belongs through BIM technology; Selection of construction path for the spoil site: The environmental data of the area where the spoil site is located is obtained through the GIS system, and the surface characteristic index of the spoil site is analyzed comprehensively to obtain the recommended index of the soil site path, and thus the initial selected construction path of the area where the spoil site is located is obtained; Optimization of the three-dimensional construction terrain model of the spoil site: obtain the resource data corresponding to the initial selected construction path of the area where the spoil site belongs, obtain the resource availability index of the spoil site construction path, and compare it with the preset spoil site construction path resource availability index boundary value in the spoil construction database. If the spoil site construction path resource availability index is greater than or equal to the spoil site construction path resource availability index boundary value, the three-dimensional construction terrain model of the area where the spoil site belongs constructed by BIM technology is optimized. If the spoil site construction path resource availability index is less than the spoil site construction path resource availability index boundary value, the optimization of the three-dimensional construction terrain model of the spoil site is completed.

2. The method for construction of a spoil site based on GIS+BIM according to claim 1, characterized in that: The topographic data of the dump specifically include the altitude of the dump, the surface area of ​​the dump, the surface vegetation coverage area of ​​the dump, and the average surface inclination angle of the dump.

3. The method for construction of a spoil site based on GIS+BIM according to claim 2, characterized in that: The specific analysis process of the surface characteristic index of the spoil site is as follows: The surface exposed area of ​​the abandoned soil field is obtained by subtracting the surface vegetation coverage area of ​​the abandoned soil field from the surface area of ​​the abandoned soil field, and the surface exposed rate of the abandoned soil field is obtained by performing ratio processing with the surface area of ​​the abandoned soil field; The surface characteristic index of the dump is obtained by comprehensively analyzing the altitude of the dump, the average surface inclination angle of the dump and the surface exposure rate of the dump.

4. The method for construction of a spoil site based on GIS+BIM according to claim 3 is characterized by: The three-dimensional construction terrain model of the area of ​​the spoil site is constructed in the following specific construction process: The BIM technology is used to generate a surface model of the spoil site based on the altitude and surface area of ​​the spoil site. The inclination angle of the surface model of the spoil site is adjusted according to the average surface inclination angle of the spoil site through the BIM technology. The surface model of the spoil site after the inclination angle is adjusted is marked with the surface vegetation coverage area of ​​the spoil site by preset colors, thereby constructing an initial three-dimensional terrain model of the area belonging to the spoil site. The initial three-dimensional terrain model of the area belonging to the spoil site is adjusted according to the surface characteristic index of the spoil site, and finally a three-dimensional construction terrain model of the area belonging to the spoil site is obtained.

5. The method for construction of a spoil site based on GIS+BIM according to claim 1, characterized in that: The environmental data of the area to which the dumping site belongs specifically include the maximum ultraviolet intensity and maximum precipitation in the area to which the dumping site belongs during the construction period.

6. The method for construction of a spoil site based on GIS+BIM according to claim 1, characterized in that: The specific analysis process of the soil field path recommendation index is as follows: The surface characteristic index of the dump is comprehensively analyzed with the maximum ultraviolet intensity and maximum precipitation in the area where the dump is located during the construction period, thereby obtaining the recommended index for the dump path.

7. The method for construction of a spoil site based on GIS+BIM according to claim 5, characterized in that: The initial selection of the construction path for the area of ​​the spoil site is as follows: The recommended index of the spoil site path is matched with the initially selected construction path corresponding to each spoil site path recommendation index interval, thereby obtaining the initially selected construction path of the area to which the spoil site belongs.

8. The method for construction of a spoil site based on GIS+BIM according to claim 1, characterized in that: The resource data corresponding to the initial selected construction path of the area to which the dump site belongs specifically includes the surface hardness of each road surface sampling point on the initial selected construction path of the area to which the dump site belongs, the dry weight and wet weight of the soil at each road surface sampling point on the initial selected construction path of the area to which the dump site belongs, and the soil density at each road surface sampling point on the initial selected construction path of the area to which the dump site belongs.

9. The method for construction of a spoil site based on GIS+BIM according to claim 8, characterized in that: The specific analysis process of the resource utilization index of the construction path of the spoil site is as follows: The surface hardness of each road surface sampling point of the initially selected construction path in the area where the spoil site belongs is analyzed by minimum value to obtain the minimum surface hardness of the road surface of the initially selected construction path in the area where the spoil site belongs; The soil density of each road surface sampling point of the initially selected construction path in the area where the spoil site belongs is analyzed by minimum value to obtain the lowest soil density of the road surface of the initially selected construction path in the area where the spoil site belongs; The soil wet weight of each road surface sampling point of the initially selected construction path in the area where the spoil site belongs is subtracted from the soil dry weight of each road surface sampling point of the initially selected construction path in the area where the spoil site belongs, and the obtained value is recorded as the soil water weight of each road surface sampling point of the initially selected construction path in the area where the spoil site belongs, and the value is processed by ratio with the soil dry weight of each road surface sampling point of the initially selected construction path in the area where the spoil site belongs, so as to obtain the soil moisture content of each road surface sampling point of the initially selected construction path in the area where the spoil site belongs; The soil moisture content of each road surface sampling point of the initially selected construction path in the area where the spoil site belongs is analyzed by maximum value, so as to obtain the maximum soil moisture content of the road surface of the initially selected construction path in the area where the spoil site belongs; The lowest surface hardness, the lowest soil density and the highest soil moisture content of the road surface of the initial selected construction path in the area where the spoil site belongs are comprehensively analyzed to obtain the resource utilization index of the spoil site construction path. The specific analysis formula is: Wherein, F is the resource utilization index of the construction path of the spoil site, L is the minimum surface hardness of the pavement of the initially selected construction path in the area where the spoil site belongs, ΔL is the surface reference hardness preset in the spoil site construction database, d1 is the correction factor corresponding to the minimum surface hardness preset in the spoil site construction database, wd is the minimum soil density of the pavement of the initially selected construction path in the area where the spoil site belongs, Δwd is the soil reference density preset in the spoil site construction database, d2 is the correction factor corresponding to the minimum soil density preset in the spoil site construction database, m is the maximum soil moisture content of the pavement of the initially selected construction path in the area where the spoil site belongs, Δm is the soil reference moisture content preset in the spoil site construction database, and d3 is the correction factor for the maximum soil moisture content preset in the spoil site construction database.

10. The method for construction of a spoil site based on GIS+BIM according to claim 1, characterized in that: The three-dimensional construction terrain model of the spoil site is optimized, and the specific optimization process is as follows: The resource availability index of the spoil site construction path is compared with the preset spoil site construction path resource availability index boundary value in the spoil site construction database. If the resource availability index of the spoil site construction path is greater than or equal to the spoil site construction path resource availability index boundary value, the three-dimensional construction terrain model of the area to which the spoil site belongs constructed by BIM technology is optimized. If the resource availability index of the spoil site construction path is less than the spoil site construction path resource availability index boundary value, the optimization of the three-dimensional construction terrain model of the spoil site is completed.

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