Semi-hardware dynamic simulation method and simulation platform for dilution refrigerator

Abstract

The invention discloses a semi-hardware dynamic simulation method and simulation platform for a dilution refrigerator, and is applied to the field of system simulation, and the method comprises the steps: building a simulation model of the dilution refrigerator, compiling and operating the simulation model, and packaging the simulation model into an fmu file; based on an NI simulation machine, deploying the fmu file according to third-party software, and generating a standard electric signal; the standard electric signal is input and output through an NI hardware board card of the NI simulation machine; and acquiring the standard electric signal through a control system of an actual PLC, and performing data interaction with the simulation model.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of system simulation, and in particular to a semi-hardware dynamic simulation method and a simulation platform for a dilution refrigerator. Background Art

[0002] Dilution refrigerator is a key device to provide cooling for quantum computing. With the rapid development of quantum computing, the number of quantum bits continues to increase, and a dilution refrigerator with larger cooling capacity is needed to meet the cooling demand of quantum computing. Increasing the cooling capacity of the dilution refrigerator requires increasing the precooling capacity of the dilution refrigerator pre-cooling system.

[0003] The use of a large superfluid helium refrigerator as a pre-cooling unit overcomes the shortcomings of the traditional dry dilution refrigerator, which uses a GM refrigerator / pulse tube refrigerator as a pre-cooling unit, and has limited pre-cooling capacity. The traditional wet dilution refrigerator needs to be immersed in a liquid helium dewar for pre-cooling, which is inconvenient to operate. The ultra-large cooling capacity dilution refrigerator system is complex and has high power consumption. It is not suitable to improve its significant efficiency and stability through a large number of experiments. Dynamic simulation of the dilution refrigerator can simulate the dynamic heat load under different working modes and variable working conditions, and estimate the performance of the dilution refrigerator under different working modes, providing key guidance for the design of the dilution refrigerator.

[0004] The OTS (Operation Training System) combines dynamic simulation and measurement and control system development technology to develop a front-end user operation interface, which is convenient for understanding the characteristics of the entire system and conducting operation training for staff before the system is put into operation. Developing and utilizing the operation training system to train operators can avoid putting actual equipment in a dangerous situation. The operation training system can be run in certain special working conditions without worrying about serious consequences. For operators, they cannot distinguish whether they are facing a real system or a simulated system when facing the HMI human-machine interface.

[0005] In order to overcome these defects, the present application proposes a semi-hardware dynamic simulation method and simulation platform for a dilution refrigerator. Summary of the invention

[0006] The purpose of this application is to provide a semi-hardware dynamic simulation method and simulation platform for a dilution refrigerator, aiming to solve the above-mentioned problems.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, this application provides the following technical solutions:

[0008] The present application provides a semi-hardware dynamic simulation method of a dilution refrigerator, comprising:

[0009] Establishing a simulation model of a dilution refrigerator, and packaging the simulation model into an fmu file by compiling and running the simulation model;

[0010] Based on the NI simulator, the fmu file is deployed according to third-party software to generate a standard electrical signal; the standard electrical signal is input and output through the NI hardware board of the NI simulator;

[0011] The standard electrical signal is acquired through the actual PLC control system to perform data interaction with the simulation model.

[0012] Furthermore, in establishing a simulation model of a dilution refrigerator, the steps of compiling and running the simulation model and encapsulating it into an fmu file specifically include the following steps:

[0013] Compiling the simulation model, generating components, and verifying the components;

[0014] Establish a simulation environment based on the components, write EL language code in the simulation environment, and control the running state of the simulation model;

[0015] A deck platform is generated by using the simulation environment and the EL language code, and the simulation model is packaged into an fmu file based on the deck platform.

[0016] Furthermore, in the deck platform, input variables and output variables are defined;

[0017] The input variables are variables controlled by the third-party software, including but not limited to: each compressor start signal, each pump group start signal, each regulating valve opening, each switch valve opening, each electric heater power, each load power, each PID automatic signal;

[0018] The output variables are process values ​​calculated by the simulation model, including but not limited to: temperatures before and after each stage of heat exchangers, pressures before and after each stage of heat exchangers, and flow rates before and after each stage of heat exchangers, openings of various valves, inlet and outlet temperatures of various valves, inlet and outlet pressures of various valves, and inlet and outlet flow rates of various valves, inlet and outlet temperatures of various turbines, inlet and outlet pressures of various turbines, and inlet and outlet flow rates of various turbines, speeds of various turbines, and efficiencies of various turbines, inlet and outlet temperatures of various cold compressors, inlet and outlet pressures of various cold compressors, and inlet and outlet flow rates of various cold compressors, pressure ratios of various cold compressors, speeds of various cold compressors, and efficiencies of various cold compressors, flow rates of various pumps, heads of various pumps, speeds of various pumps, powers of various pumps, efficiencies of various pumps, temperatures of various liquid pools, pressures of various liquid pools, and liquid levels of various liquid pools, inlet and outlet flows of various liquid pools, powers of electric heaters inside various liquid pools, temperatures of distiller, pressures of distiller, and liquid level of distiller, inlet and outlet flows of distiller, powers of electric heaters inside distiller, temperatures of mixing chambers, pressures of mixing chambers, and liquid levels of mixing chambers, inlet and outlet flows of mixing chambers, powers of electric heaters inside mixing chambers, and powers of various loads.

[0019] Further, based on the NI simulator, the fmu file is deployed according to the third-party software to generate a standard electrical signal; the standard electrical signal is input and output through the NI hardware board of the NI simulator, specifically including the following steps:

[0020] After the simulation model is packaged as an fmu file, it is placed in the NI simulator, and the fmu file type for interaction with the third-party software is selected to complete the deployment;

[0021] The third-party software controls the start, pause and end of the simulation model.

[0022] Furthermore, in the step of acquiring the standard electrical signal through the actual PLC control system and performing data interaction with the simulation model, the following steps are specifically included:

[0023] The control system based on the actual PLC obtains the standard electrical signal and interacts with the simulation data through the NI simulation machine as a medium;

[0024] Based on the control program of the control system, the hardware addresses of the input variables and output variables of the PLC are the same as the hardware addresses of the input variables and output variables in the control program of the control system under the real field signal environment; wherein the input variables of the PLC are the output variables of the simulation model, and the output variables of the PLC are the input variables of the simulation model.

[0025] Furthermore, the values ​​of the input parameters are set on the human-machine interface of the control system of the actual PLC, and commands and parameters are output to the simulation model; wherein the human-machine interface of the control system is used to send commands and perform monitoring.

[0026] This application proposes a semi-hardware dynamic simulation platform for a dilution refrigerator, comprising:

[0027] Model building module: building a simulation model of a dilution refrigerator, and packaging the simulation model into an fmu file by compiling and running the simulation model;

[0028] Output module: Based on the NI simulator, the fmu file is deployed according to third-party software to generate a standard electrical signal; the standard electrical signal is input and output through the NI hardware board of the NI simulator;

[0029] Data interaction module: obtains the standard electrical signal through the actual PLC control system and performs data interaction with the simulation model.

[0030] Furthermore, the control system includes a control program and a human-machine interface; the actual PLC is connected to the NI simulation machine via a NI hardware board.

[0031] The present application provides a device, comprising a processor and a memory coupled to the processor, wherein the memory stores program instructions for implementing a semi-hardware dynamic simulation method for a dilution refrigerator; and the processor is used to execute the program instructions stored in the memory to implement a semi-hardware dynamic simulation of a dilution refrigerator.

[0032] The present application provides a storage medium storing program instructions executable by a processor, wherein the program instructions are used to execute a semi-hardware dynamic simulation method of a dilution refrigerator.

[0033] The present application provides a semi-hardware dynamic simulation method and simulation platform for a dilution refrigerator, which has the following beneficial effects:

[0034] (1) By establishing a simulation model of the dilution refrigerator, the thermodynamic performance of the dilution refrigerator can be understood and simulated in advance, which helps to have a comprehensive understanding of its performance during the design and development stage, thereby optimizing the design scheme.

[0035] (2) The simulation platform proposed in this application can simulate the dynamic heat load of the dilution refrigerator under different working modes and variable working conditions. At the same time, the control program can be pre-verified without building an actual dilution refrigerator, which greatly reduces the risk in the system development process and improves the reliability of the control program;

[0036] (3) Combine dynamic simulation with measurement and control systems to develop a front-end user interface, which helps operators understand the characteristics of the entire system before the system is put into operation and provides operation training, thus improving the skills of operators. Hardware-in-the-loop simulation technology is used to significantly reduce system development costs and shorten development cycles.

[0037] (4) This application uses actual PLC hardware to simulate the real on-site signal environment of the dilution refrigerator to the greatest extent, ensuring the high accuracy and reliability of the simulation results, making the simulation results closer to the actual situation. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0038] Figure 1 A schematic flow chart of a semi-hardware dynamic simulation method for a dilution refrigerator according to Embodiment 1 of the present application;

[0039] Figure 2 This is a flowchart of a dilution refrigerator with multiple mixing chambers according to Example 1 of the present application;

[0040] Figure 3 This is a working diagram of a dilution refrigerator with a single mixing chamber structure according to Example 1 of the present application;

[0041] Figure 4 This is a method of using the embodiment 1 of the present application3 Working flow chart of dilution refrigerator with He room temperature circulation pump;

[0042] Figure 5 This is a technical architecture diagram of a semi-hardware dynamic simulation platform (Windows system) of a dilution refrigerator in Example 1 of the present application;

[0043] Figure 6 This is a technical architecture diagram of a semi-hardware dynamic simulation platform (Linux system) of a dilution refrigerator according to Example 1 of the present application;

[0044] Figure 7 This is a structural schematic diagram of a semi-hardware dynamic simulation platform for a dilution refrigerator according to Example 2 of the present application;

[0045] Figure 8 A flowchart of a semi-hardware dynamic simulation platform for a dilution refrigerator according to Embodiment 2 of the present application;

[0046] Fig. 9 This is a schematic diagram of the device structure of Example 3 of the present application;

[0047] Fig.10 This is a schematic diagram of the storage medium structure of Example 4 of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0048] It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present application and are not used to limit the present application.

[0049] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present application to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present application, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative work are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0050] Example 1

[0051] See also Figure 1 , is a flow chart of a semi-hardware dynamic simulation method of a dilution refrigerator according to Embodiment 1 of the present application; the steps include:

[0052] S1: Establish a simulation model of a dilution refrigerator, compile and run the simulation model, and encapsulate it into an fmu file.

[0053] In this embodiment, when establishing the simulation model of the dilution refrigerator, the dilution refrigerator component models are developed as needed.

[0054] Furthermore, a dynamic simulation model of a dilution refrigerator can be established by separately establishing the dynamic simulation model of the precooling module and the simulation model of the cryogenic module, namely, the simulation model of a large-scale superfluid helium refrigerator and the simulation model of a dilution refrigerator.

[0055] Establish the simulation model of a large-scale superfluid helium refrigerator:

[0056] The large-scale superfluid helium refrigerator uses helium as the refrigerant and is designed and assembled based on the Claude refrigeration cycle or the Collins refrigeration cycle. It consists of a compressor station at room temperature, a heat exchanger group, a turbine expansion unit, and a J-T throttle valve in the low-temperature part, etc., in a vacuum-insulated cold box, and a cryogenic storage tank or a user load connected through a cryogenic transmission pipeline. Among them, the compressor station can be a piston compressor, a twin-screw compressor, or a centrifugal compressor; it can be a single compressor, or two compressors in series, or multiple compressors in series-parallel combination.

[0057] When establishing the simulation model of the compressor station, develop the required component models as needed. The compressor component model can be customized. For example, write the performance characteristic curve of the compressor into the source code of the compressor component, and define and encapsulate it into a proprietary compressor model to better adapt to the actual situation and specific working conditions.

[0058] The helium refrigerator can be a helium refrigerator based on the Claude cycle, the modified Claude cycle, the Collins cycle with two-stage turbines, the Collins cycle with multiple stages (2 < n ≤ 6) of turbines, or the combined cycle of the modified Claude cycle and the Collins cycle with multiple stages (2 < n ≤ 10) of turbines.

[0059] The turbine expansion unit can be supported by a hydrostatic gas bearing, a hydrodynamic gas bearing, a ceramic bearing, or a magnetic bearing; it can be a fully gas or gas-liquid two-phase turbine expander.

[0060] When establishing the simulation model of the turbine expansion unit, develop the required component models as needed. For example, customize the characteristic curve equation of each turbine, that is, write the characteristic curve equation of each turbine into the source code of the turbine component, and define and encapsulate it into a proprietary turbine model to better adapt to the actual situation and specific working conditions.

[0061] The cryogenic storage tank can be a liquid helium dewar for storing liquid helium; it can also be a cold capacity test subsystem with an internal heater to simulate the test of the refrigeration capacity; in the present invention, the cryogenic storage tank is the 4.5K liquid pool and the 1.2K liquid pool.

[0062] The superfluid helium refrigerator can be composed of a Joule-Thomson throttle valve, a negative pressure heat exchanger, a cold compressor, and a negative pressure room temperature pump, or it can be composed of a Joule-Thomson throttle valve, a negative pressure heat exchanger, and a cold compressor.

[0063] When establishing the simulation model of the cold compressor unit, the cold compressor component model is developed as needed. During the simulation process, the computer-aided CFD method can be used to calculate the spectrum curve of each cold compressor, and points can be taken in the spectrum curve to specify the blocking line, rp_vs_Nr (specific pressure ratio vs. speed), mr_vs_Nr (specific flow vs. speed), eta_vs_Nr (efficiency vs. speed) and other parameters of each cold compressor. These parameters can be used to modify the source code and encapsulate it into a custom cold compressor model, which can be closer to the actual situation and specific working conditions.

[0064] The negative pressure compressor unit can realize direct gas compression from negative pressure to low pressure or negative pressure to medium pressure. It can be a single negative pressure compressor or multiple negative pressure compressors connected in parallel to form a unit.

[0065] Establish a simulation model of the dilution refrigerator and develop custom component models as needed, such as the mixing chamber component model. The key is to develop a 3He / 4He mixed working fluid property library.

[0066] After the component model is developed, dynamic simulation is performed based on different working modes, such as pre-cooling conditions, cooling conditions, stabilization conditions, rewarming conditions and other non-steady-state conditions.

[0067] In order to accurately simulate the working conditions of the dilution refrigerator under actual working conditions, when performing dynamic simulation of the dilution refrigerator, it is necessary to develop a custom low-temperature component model as needed, and then form a low-temperature system model for dynamic simulation, which can be closer to the actual situation. For example, the simulation model of the compressor, the simulation model of the turbine expander, the simulation model of the cold compressor, etc. can all be customized by the user as needed. It also includes the mixing chamber component model and the 3He / 4He mixed working fluid property library. Dynamic simulation of the dilution refrigerator can simulate the dynamic heat load under different working modes and variable working conditions, and estimate the performance of the dilution refrigerator under different working modes, providing key guidance for the design of the dilution refrigerator.

[0068] When establishing a simulation model of a dilution refrigerator, internal variables are introduced into the simulation model, wherein the internal variables include simulation time and error information. The simulation time is encapsulated as a simulation time component, the simulation time component output is a simulation time value, and the output is set to a real value of the analog type; the error information is encapsulated as an error information component, the error information component output is an error information value, and the output is set to a real value of the analog type.

[0069] Compile the simulation model: the simulation time component and the error information component do not need to be connected to the main loop of the simulation model. Just place the packaged simulation time component and the error information component and the main loop model of the simulation model in the same screen, and the model can run smoothly after compilation.

[0070] After the simulation model is compiled, a component (partition) is generated and the component (partition) is validated. After the component is validated, a simulation environment (experiment) is established, and the EL language code is written in the simulation environment (experiment). The deck platform is generated based on the simulation environment (experiment) and the EL language code, that is, based on the ELexperiment code.

[0071] In the deck platform, input variables and output variables are defined; the input variables are variables controlled by the third-party software, including but not limited to: each compressor start signal, each pump group start signal, each regulating valve opening, each switch valve opening, each electric heater power, each load power, each PID automatic signal;

[0072] The output variables are process values ​​calculated by the simulation model, including but not limited to: temperatures before and after each stage of heat exchangers, pressures before and after each stage of heat exchangers, and flow rates before and after each stage of heat exchangers, openings of various valves, inlet and outlet temperatures of various valves, inlet and outlet pressures of various valves, and inlet and outlet flow rates of various valves, inlet and outlet temperatures of various turbines, inlet and outlet pressures of various turbines, and inlet and outlet flow rates of various turbines, speeds of various turbines, and efficiencies of various turbines, inlet and outlet temperatures of various cold compressors, inlet and outlet pressures of various cold compressors, and inlet and outlet flow rates of various cold compressors, pressure ratios of various cold compressors, speeds of various cold compressors, and efficiencies of various cold compressors, flow rates of various pumps, heads of various pumps, speeds of various pumps, powers of various pumps, efficiencies of various pumps, temperatures of various liquid pools, pressures of various liquid pools, and liquid levels of various liquid pools, inlet and outlet flows of various liquid pools, powers of electric heaters inside various liquid pools, temperatures of distiller, pressures of distiller, and liquid level of distiller, inlet and outlet flows of distiller, powers of electric heaters inside distiller, temperatures of mixing chambers, pressures of mixing chambers, and liquid levels of mixing chambers, inlet and outlet flows of mixing chambers, powers of electric heaters inside mixing chambers, and powers of various loads.

[0073] Optionally, the time variable output by the simulation time component and the error variable output by the error information component are defined as output variables.

[0074] The dilution refrigerator in this application refers to a dilution refrigerator with a large cooling capacity that uses a large superfluid helium refrigerator as a pre-cooling unit. The so-called large cooling capacity refers to a dilution refrigerator with a cooling capacity of more than 100mW@100mK.

[0075] See also Figure 2, is a flowchart of the working process of a dilution refrigerator with multiple mixing chambers in Example 1 of the present application. A dilution refrigerator with a large cooling capacity, including a pre-cooling module and a cryogenic module. The pre-cooling module is composed of a large superfluid helium refrigerator, a heat exchanger group, a throttle valve, a 4.5K liquid pool and a 1.2K liquid pool. The cryogenic module is a 5K 3 He low temperature circulation pump, distiller, high efficiency He-3 / Helium-4 heat exchanger and dilution refrigerator with multiple mixing chambers.

[0076] The pre-cooling module, which consists of a large superfluid helium refrigerator, a heat exchanger group, a throttle valve, a 4.5K liquid pool and a 1.2K liquid pool, serves as the pre-cooling unit for the dilution refrigerator. The large superfluid helium refrigerator produces 4.5K liquid helium, fills the 4.5K liquid pool with liquid, and maintains the temperature at 4.5K. The large superfluid helium refrigerator also produces 1.2K superfluid helium, fills the 1.2K liquid pool with superfluid helium, and uses a set of cold compressor units ( Figure 2 There are 6 groups of cold compressors connected in series) to reduce pressure and temperature to maintain the liquid pool temperature and pressure of 1.2K.

[0077] Large superfluid helium refrigerators are conventional 4 He superfluid helium refrigerator is generally composed of compressor station, turbine expansion unit, JT throttle valve, heat exchanger unit, cold compressor unit and negative pressure heat exchanger, etc. Large superfluid helium refrigerator is divided into 4.5K temperature zone and 1.2K superfluid helium temperature zone, which produce 4.5K liquid helium and 1.2K superfluid helium respectively, which are used to inject liquid into 4.5K liquid helium pool and inject liquid into 1.2K superfluid helium liquid pool at the same time in this application.

[0078] The ultra-low temperature module is the dilution refrigerator module, and its main parts include 5K 3 He low temperature circulation pump, distiller, heat exchanger and mixing chamber. The mixing chamber is a device that produces a cold effect and outputs cold to the outside. These devices are installed in a vacuum chamber. There is a 5K 3He low temperature circulation pump in the vacuum chamber, which allows 3He to circulate. The arrows in the figure indicate the direction of the 3He circulation. The 4.5K liquid pool, heat exchanger HX3 and 1.2K liquid pool play a pre-cooling role, so that the temperature of 3He is reduced before entering the distiller. Heat exchanger HX1 generally includes two types of heat exchangers, namely continuous heat exchangers and stage heat exchangers.

[0079] Working process of the large superfluid helium refrigerator in the pre-cooling module:

[0080] (1) Figure 2It can be seen that after the high-pressure helium sent from pipeline 2 passes through heat exchangers HX5 and HX4 to exchange heat with the reflux cold helium gas, a part of it is separated and throttled into gas-liquid two-phase through throttle valve CV1. The gas-liquid two-phase enters the 4.5K helium liquid pool to accumulate liquid, and the saturated helium vapor is returned to low pressure through the return gas pipeline 1. The liquid helium flowing out from the bottom of the 4.5K liquid pool is further cooled by the heat exchanger HX2, and then throttled into gas-liquid two-phase through the throttle valve CV2. The gas-liquid two-phase enters the 1.2K liquid pool, returns air through pipeline 3, enters the heat exchanger HX2, and then passes through the cold compressor unit, countercurrently passes through the heat exchanger HX5, and returns air to the compressor station through the negative pressure pipeline 4. According to the specific design of the superfluid helium refrigerator, if a negative pressure room temperature pump design is adopted, the air is returned to the low pressure of the compressor. If a negative pressure compressor design is adopted, the air is returned to the medium pressure of the compressor;

[0081] (2) When the liquid level in the 1.2K liquid pool reaches a certain value, the cold compressor unit (consisting of 6 cold compressors, CC1, CC2, CC3, CC4, CC5 and CC6) starts to reduce the pressure and temperature of the 1.2K liquid pool, and control the temperature and pressure in the 1.2K liquid pool at 1.2K and negative pressure. The return air in the 1.2K liquid pool passes through the negative pressure pipeline 3, heat exchanger HX2, cold compressor unit, heat exchanger HX5 and negative pressure pipeline 4 to return to the compressor station, completing a cycle.

[0082] The working process of the dilution refrigerator of the ultra-low temperature module:

[0083] (1) After 5K 3 He low temperature circulating pump circulation 3 He gas, in a 4.5K liquid helium pool ( 4 He liquid pool) to 4.5K, enters heat exchanger HX3 and refluxes cold helium ( 3 He gas) for further heat exchange, and then enters the 1.2K liquid pool to be further precooled to 1.2K. Valve CV3 acts as a flow limiter to control 3 He flow rate and maintain the required condensing pressure. 3 He first enters the distiller (Still) through valve CV3, where it is cooled to about 0.6K, and then flows through the heat exchanger group HX1 (through the continuous heat exchanger and the stage heat exchanger respectively) to be further cooled, and finally flows into the mixing chamber for dilution refrigeration.

[0084] (2) The mixing chamber is a device that generates and outputs cold air. The mixing chamber contains extremely low temperature 3 He / 4 He solution, and phase separation has occurred. Liquid 3 He enters the mixing chamber and becomes a dense phase, floating on top. 4 He has reached a superfluid state, in which 3He can diffuse freely without any resistance. 3 When He passes through the phase interface and enters the dilute phase, 3 He is diluted, accompanied by an endothermic effect, thus generating cold.

[0085] (3) In order to make the dilution refrigeration process in the mixing chamber continue, it is necessary to continuously remove the dilute phase. 3 He, to maintain the same temperature as the refrigeration temperature (mixing chamber temperature T MC ) corresponding to the concentration. 3 The removal of He molecules from the mixing chamber is dependent on two forces, namely, the osmotic pressure difference and 3 In other words, the He circulating pump relies on the difference in osmotic pressure to diffuse from the mixing chamber through the riser into the distiller, evaporate in the distiller, and then rely on 3 The suction of the He circulation pump is sucked into the circulation pump. 3 He circulation pump, Figure 2 5K is used in 3 He low temperature circulation pump replaces the traditional room temperature circulation pump, avoiding the heat loss of the traditional room temperature circulation pump pipeline from room temperature to the low temperature vacuum chamber, reducing heat leakage, and greatly saving 3 He usage. 5K 3 Compared with traditional room temperature circulating pumps, He low temperature circulating pumps have a compact structure and low vibration, which reduces heat loss caused by vibration.

[0086] (4) Conventional dilution refrigerators use a single mixing chamber structure. Figure 2 A distributed mixing chamber is used, and multiple mixing chambers are connected in parallel. Each mixing chamber corresponds to a sample rack. The multiple sample racks of the ultra-large cooling capacity dilution refrigerator are independent of each other. The GPU (Graphic Processing Unit) chips placed on the sample racks do not interfere with each other, and the leads of different GPUs do not interfere with each other. This design can be applied to distributed quantum computer clusters and can meet the current demand for ultra-large cooling capacity dilution refrigerators.

[0087] See also Figure 3 , which is a working flow diagram of a dilution refrigerator with a single mixing chamber structure according to Example 1 of the present application; the dilution refrigerator is a pre-cooling unit of a large superfluid helium refrigerator, a 5K 3He low-temperature circulation pump, and a single mixing chamber structure.

[0088] See also Figure 4 , which is a method using the embodiment 1 of the present application 3 Working process diagram of the dilution refrigerator with He room temperature circulation pump; the dilution refrigerator is a pre-cooling unit for a large superfluid helium refrigerator, 3He room temperature circulation pump, and a single mixing chamber structure.

[0089] S2: Based on the NI simulator, the fmu file is deployed according to third-party software to generate a standard electrical signal; the standard electrical signal is input and output through the NI hardware board of the NI simulator.

[0090] In this embodiment, the deck platform is used to encapsulate the simulation model into a file running under the Windows operating system or the Linux operating system.

[0091] See also Figure 5 , which is a technical architecture diagram of a semi-hardware dynamic simulation platform (Windows system) of a dilution refrigerator in Example 1 of the present application. Using the deck platform, the simulation model is encapsulated into an fmu file, and an fmu file type that can interact with third-party software is selected. The fmu file generated in this way can be deployed by third-party software and interact with other third-party software for data.

[0092] After the simulation model is packaged into an fmu file, it is placed in the NI simulator. The generated fmu file is deployed using third-party laboratory management software such as Veristand. After successful deployment, standard electrical signals are generated and input and output through NI hardware boards.

[0093] The control system based on the actual PLC uses I / O direct connection and hard wiring to connect with the NI hardware board to collect standard electrical signals output by the NI hardware board. At the same time, various commands and parameters can be output to the simulation model by setting the values ​​of input parameters on the human-machine interface of the control system host computer. In other words, the control system based on the actual PLC collects standard electrical signals and uses the NI simulation machine as an intermediate medium to interact with the simulation model.

[0094] The NI simulator runs on the Windows operating system, and the simulation model packaged as an fmu file runs on the NI simulator. At the same time, a third-party laboratory management software such as Veristand is used on the NI simulator to monitor the running status of the dynamic simulation model. For example, the control variable Model Command can be used on the Veristand workspace interface to control the start, pause and stop of the simulation model.

[0095] The standard electrical signal refers to the standard electrical signal commonly used in the industrial control field, including but not limited to 0~20mA current signal, 4~20mA current signal, 0~10V voltage signal, -10V~+10V voltage signal, 0~5V voltage signal, and 1~5V voltage signal.

[0096] Based on the actual PLC control system, the human-machine interface runs on the upper workstation / PC. Through the human-machine interface on the upper computer, commands can be sent to control the simulation model and monitor various process parameters of the simulation model. The actual PLC collects standard electrical signals. Based on the control program written by the actual PLC, the hardware addresses of the input variables and output variables can be the same as the hardware addresses of the input variables and output variables in the control program of the control system under the real field signal environment, that is, to simulate the real field signal environment to the greatest extent.

[0097] See also Figure 6 , which is a technical architecture diagram of a semi-hardware dynamic simulation platform (Linux system) of a dilution refrigerator in Example 1 of the present application. Using the deck platform, the simulation model is encapsulated into an fmu file that can be run under the Linux operating system, and an fmu file type that can interact with third-party software is selected. The fmu file generated in this way can be deployed by third-party software and interact with other third-party software for data.

[0098] After the simulation model is packaged into an fmu file that can run under the Linux operating system, the fmu file is deployed to the lower computer, the NI simulator (Linux system), using third-party laboratory management software such as veristand in the upper PC (Windows system). After successful deployment, standard electrical signals are generated and input and output through NI hardware boards. Compared with the Windows system, the Linux system has better real-time performance. Therefore, the simulation model runs in the NI simulator (Linux system), which has better real-time performance and faster and smoother data interaction between the simulation model and the control system.

[0099] The control system based on the actual PLC uses I / O direct connection and hard wiring to connect with the NI hardware board to collect the standard electrical signals output by the NI hardware board. At the same time, various commands and parameters can be output to the simulation model by setting the values ​​of the input parameters on the human-machine interface of the control system host computer. In other words, the control system based on the actual PLC collects standard electrical signals and uses the NI simulation machine as an intermediate medium to interact with the simulation model.

[0100] The NI simulator runs on the Linux operating system. The simulation model encapsulated as an fmu file is deployed to the NI simulator (Linux system) using a third-party laboratory management software such as Veristand on the host PC (Windows system) to run. At the same time, a third-party laboratory management software such as Veristand is used on the host PC (Windows system) to monitor the running status of the dynamic simulation model. For example, the control variable Model Command can be used on the workspace interface of Veristand to control the start, pause and stop of the simulation model.

[0101] Based on the actual PLC control system, the human-machine interface runs on another upper workstation / PC. Through the human-machine interface on another upper computer, commands can be sent to control the simulation model and monitor various process parameters of the simulation model. The actual PLC collects standard electrical signals. Based on the control program written by the actual PLC, the hardware addresses of the input and output variables can be the same as the hardware addresses of the input and output variables in the control program of the control system under the real field signal environment, that is, to simulate the real field signal environment to the greatest extent. By comparison, the Linux operating system running on the NI simulator has better real-time performance.

[0102] S3: Acquire the standard electrical signal through the actual PLC control system and perform data interaction with the simulation model.

[0103] In this embodiment, the control system based on the actual PLC acquires the standard electrical signal and uses the NI simulation machine as a medium to perform data interaction with the simulation model.

[0104] Based on the control program of the control system, the hardware addresses of the input variables and output variables of the PLC are the same as the hardware addresses of the control program of the control system under the real field signal environment; wherein the input variables of the PLC are the output variables of the simulation model, and the output variables of the PLC are the input variables of the simulation model.

[0105] The values ​​of the input parameters are set on the human-machine interface of the control system of the actual PLC, and commands and parameters are output to the simulation model; wherein the human-machine interface of the control system is used to send commands and perform monitoring.

[0106] In summary, Example 1 of the present application uses the semi-hardware dynamic simulation method proposed in the present application to understand the thermodynamic performance of the dilution refrigerator in advance, simulate the dynamic heat load of the dilution refrigerator, and pre-verify the control program; debug the main control logic of the dilution refrigerator, and perform performance estimation under different working modes of the dilution refrigerator. Provide a reference basis for the actual operation adjustment of the dilution refrigerator, and train operators; use actual PLC hardware to simulate the real signal environment of the dilution refrigerator to the greatest extent.

[0107] Example 2

[0108] See also Figure 7 , is a structural diagram of a semi-hardware dynamic simulation platform of a dilution refrigerator in Example 2 of the present application; the specific contents include:

[0109] Model building module: building a simulation model of a dilution refrigerator, and packaging the simulation model into an fmu file by compiling and running the simulation model;

[0110] Output module: Based on the NI simulator, the fmu file is deployed according to third-party software to generate a standard electrical signal; the standard electrical signal is input and output through the NI hardware board of the NI simulator;

[0111] Data interaction module: obtains the standard electrical signal through the actual PLC control system and performs data interaction with the simulation model.

[0112] Example 3

[0113] See also Fig. 9 , is a schematic diagram of the device structure of Embodiment 3 of the present application. The device 50 includes a processor 51 and a memory 52 coupled to the processor 51 .

[0114] The memory 52 stores program instructions for implementing the above-mentioned semi-hardware dynamic simulation method of the dilution refrigerator.

[0115] The processor 51 is used to execute program instructions stored in the memory 52 to implement a semi-hardware dynamic simulation of a dilution refrigerator.

[0116] The processor 51 may also be referred to as a CPU (Central Processing Unit).

[0117] The processor 51 may be an integrated circuit chip with signal processing capabilities. The processor 51 may also be a general-purpose processor, a digital signal processor (DSP), an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a field-programmable gate array (FPGA) or other programmable logic devices, discrete gate or transistor logic devices, discrete hardware components. The general-purpose processor may be a microprocessor or the processor may also be any conventional processor, etc.

[0118] Example 4

[0119] See also Fig.10 , which is a schematic diagram of the structure of the storage medium of Example 4 of the present application. The storage medium of the embodiment of the present application stores a program file 61 that can implement all the above methods, wherein the program file 61 can be stored in the above storage medium in the form of a software product, including a number of instructions to enable a computer device (which can be a personal computer, server, or network device, etc.) or a processor (processor) to perform all or part of the steps of the methods of each embodiment of the present invention. The aforementioned storage medium includes: various media that can store program codes, such as a USB flash drive, a mobile hard disk, a read-only memory (ROM), a random access memory (RAM), a magnetic disk or an optical disk, or a computer, a server, a mobile phone, a tablet, and other devices.

[0120] It should be noted that, in this article, the terms "include", "comprises" or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, so that a process, device, article or method including a series of elements includes not only those elements, but also includes other elements not explicitly listed, or also includes elements inherent to such process, device, article or method. In the absence of further restrictions, an element defined by the sentence "includes a ..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, device, article or method including the element.

[0121] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present application, and does not limit the patent scope of the present application. Any equivalent structure or equivalent process transformation made using the contents of the present application specification and drawings, or directly or indirectly used in other related technical fields, are also included in the patent protection scope of the present application.

[0122] Although the embodiments of the present application have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations may be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present application, and that the scope of the present application is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

[0123] Of course, the present invention may have many other implementations. Based on this implementation, other implementations obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without any creative work are all within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A semi-hardware dynamic simulation method for a dilution refrigerator, characterized in that: include: Establishing a simulation model of a dilution refrigerator, and packaging the simulation model into an fmu file by compiling and running the simulation model; Based on the NI simulator, the fmu file is deployed according to third-party software to generate a standard electrical signal; The standard electrical signal is input and output through the NI hardware board of the NI simulator; The standard electrical signal is acquired through the actual PLC control system to perform data interaction with the simulation model.

2. The semi-hardware dynamic simulation method of a dilution refrigerator according to claim 1, characterized in that: In establishing a simulation model of a dilution refrigerator, the steps of compiling and running the simulation model and packaging it into an fmu file specifically include the following steps: Compiling the simulation model, generating components, and verifying the components; Establish a simulation environment based on the components, write EL language code in the simulation environment, and control the running state of the simulation model; A deck platform is generated by using the simulation environment and the EL language code, and the simulation model is packaged into an fmu file based on the deck platform.

3. The semi-hardware dynamic simulation method of a dilution refrigerator according to claim 2, characterized in that: In the deck platform, input variables and output variables are defined; The input variables are variables controlled by the third-party software, including but not limited to: each compressor start signal, each pump group start signal, each regulating valve opening, each switch valve opening, each electric heater power, each load power, each PID automatic signal; The output variables are process values ​​calculated by the simulation model, including but not limited to: temperatures before and after each stage of heat exchangers, pressures before and after each stage of heat exchangers, and flow rates before and after each stage of heat exchangers, openings of various valves, inlet and outlet temperatures of various valves, inlet and outlet pressures of various valves, and inlet and outlet flow rates of various valves, inlet and outlet temperatures of various turbines, inlet and outlet pressures of various turbines, and inlet and outlet flow rates of various turbines, speeds of various turbines, and efficiencies of various turbines, inlet and outlet temperatures of various cold compressors, inlet and outlet pressures of various cold compressors, and inlet and outlet flow rates of various cold compressors, pressure ratios of various cold compressors, speeds of various cold compressors, and efficiencies of various cold compressors, flow rates of various pumps, heads of various pumps, speeds of various pumps, powers of various pumps, efficiencies of various pumps, temperatures of various liquid pools, pressures of various liquid pools, and liquid levels of various liquid pools, inlet and outlet flows of various liquid pools, powers of electric heaters inside various liquid pools, temperatures of distiller, pressures of distiller, and liquid level of distiller, inlet and outlet flows of distiller, powers of electric heaters inside distiller, temperatures of mixing chambers, pressures of mixing chambers, and liquid levels of mixing chambers, inlet and outlet flows of mixing chambers, powers of electric heaters inside mixing chambers, and powers of various loads.

4. The semi-hardware dynamic simulation method of a dilution refrigerator according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step of deploying the fmu file based on a NI simulator according to third-party software to generate a standard electrical signal; and inputting and outputting the standard electrical signal through a NI hardware board of the NI simulator, the following steps are specifically included: After the simulation model is packaged as an fmu file, it is placed in the NI simulator, and the fmu file type for interaction with the third-party software is selected to complete the deployment; The third-party software controls the start, pause and end of the simulation model.

5. The semi-hardware dynamic simulation method of a dilution refrigerator according to claim 1, characterized in that: The step of acquiring the standard electrical signal through the actual PLC control system and performing data interaction with the simulation model specifically includes the following steps: The control system based on the actual PLC obtains the standard electrical signal and interacts with the simulation data through the NI simulation machine as a medium; Based on the control program of the control system, the hardware addresses of the input variables and output variables of the PLC are the same as the hardware addresses of the input variables and output variables in the control program of the control system under the real field signal environment; wherein the input variables of the PLC are the output variables of the simulation model, and the output variables of the PLC are the input variables of the simulation model.

6. The semi-hardware dynamic simulation method of a dilution refrigerator according to claim 1, characterized in that: Setting the values ​​of input parameters on the human-machine interface of the control system of the actual PLC, and outputting commands and parameters to the simulation model; The human-machine interface of the control system is used to send commands and perform monitoring.

7. A simulation platform for a semi-hardware dynamic simulation method of a dilution refrigerator according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: include: Model building module: building a simulation model of a dilution refrigerator, and packaging the simulation model into an fmu file by compiling and running the simulation model; Output module: Based on the NI simulator, the fmu file is deployed according to third-party software to generate a standard electrical signal; The standard electrical signal is input and output through the NI hardware board of the NI simulator; Data interaction module: obtains the standard electrical signal through the actual PLC control system and performs data interaction with the simulation model.

8. A semi-hardware dynamic simulation platform for a dilution refrigerator according to claim 7, characterized in that: The control system includes a control program and a human-machine interface; The actual PLC is connected to the NI simulation machine via the NI hardware board.

9. A device, characterized in that: The device includes a processor and a memory coupled to the processor, wherein the memory stores program instructions for implementing a semi-hardware dynamic simulation method for a dilution refrigerator according to any one of claims 1 to 6; and the processor is used to execute the program instructions stored in the memory to implement a semi-hardware dynamic simulation of a dilution refrigerator.

10. A storage medium, characterized in that: Program instructions executable by a processor are stored, and the program instructions are used to execute the semi-hardware dynamic simulation method of a dilution refrigerator according to any one of claims 1 to 6.

Images