Multi-element efficient cultivation method for forest medicine

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of forest medicine cultivation, and particularly relates to a multi-element efficient forest medicine cultivation method which comprises the following steps: S1, selecting a low-hill pest-free pine forest; s2, caulis spatholobi is cultivated close to the root of the pine forest; s3, a plurality of soil slopes are leveled in the open field of the pine forest in a layered mode, and fructus amomi and yellow ginger are planted on the soil slopes in a crossed mode; in the cultivation process, organic fertilizer is applied to the roots of the caulis spatholobi, the fructus amomi and the yellow ginger in a hole mode. According to the multi-element efficient cultivation method for the forest medicine, the organic fertilizer with the mixture of acinetobacter peteri, bacillus cereus and aspergillus clavatum as the fermentation inoculant is applied in the process of cultivating caulis spatholobi, fructus amomi and yellow ginger, so that the yield of the yellow ginger is increased, and meanwhile, the content of diosgenin in the yellow ginger can be increased; the method has very important significance for improving the quality of the yellow ginger in multi-element efficient cultivation of forest medicines.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of forest medicine cultivation, and in particular relates to a multi-element and efficient cultivation method of forest medicine. Background Art

[0002] Yellow turmeric, also known as Dioscorea zingiberensis or Fire Vine Root, is a perennial herbaceous vine plant of the Dioscorea genus of the Dioscoreaceae family. The rhizome of yellow turmeric is directly used as medicine. It is sweet, bitter and cool in nature and has the effects of clearing the lungs and relieving cough, promoting dampness and relieving stranguria, dredge meridians and relieve pain, and detoxify and reduce swelling. The active ingredient of yellow turmeric is diosgenin (also known as diosgenin), which is an intermediate raw material for the production of corticosteroids, sex hormones and anabolic hormones, and can be processed into a variety of steroid hormone drugs. At present, the quality control index of the traditional Chinese medicine yellow turmeric is diosgenin produced after the raw material is hydrolyzed by acid. In the prior art, there are many methods for determining diosgenin, such as "Determination of diosgenin content in the traditional Chinese medicine turmeric by two-phase combined acid hydrolysis-HPLC method" (Xia Guohua et al., Natural Product Research and Development, Nat Prod Res Dev 2013, 25: 1699-1703). The two-phase combined acid hydrolysis method is used to extract diosgenin from the turmeric raw material, and then a chromatographic analysis is established to determine the content of diosgenin in turmeric.

[0003] In the prior art, turmeric can adopt a multi-ecological and efficient cultivation mode under the forest. For example, the patent CN113141959B discloses a configuration method for multi-combination ecological and efficient cultivation under the low hill forest. A pest-free pine forest with a low hill is selected, and a multi-combination configuration is set under the pest-free pine forest to cultivate five-fingered peach, turmeric and Millettia reticulata, and organic fermentation liquid is applied to five-fingered peach, turmeric and Millettia reticulata for cultivation. The combination of potassium polyvinyl sulfate, polyethylene glycol 200, oligochitosan and brassinolide in the patent plays a synergistic role in the preparation of organic fermentation liquid fertilizer, and synergistically improves the average per mu yield of turmeric. It is undeniable that the organic fermentation liquid fertilizer of the patent can indeed increase the yield of turmeric, but the quality control index of the traditional Chinese medicine turmeric is diosgenin produced after hydrolysis. Increasing the yield of turmeric does not necessarily improve the quality of turmeric. Therefore, it is necessary to provide a multi-efficient cultivation method for forest medicine to improve the quality of turmeric. Summary of the invention

[0004] The object of the present invention is to provide a multi-element and efficient forest medicine cultivation method, which can effectively increase the content of diosgenin in turmeric, and further improve the quality of turmeric.

[0005] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: A multi-element and efficient cultivation method for forest medicine comprises the following steps: S1. Select pest-free pine forests on low hills; S2. Plant Millettia spatholobi near the roots of pine forests; S3. Level multiple soil slopes in layers in an open area of ​​pine forest, and plant Amomum villosum and Turmeric alternately on each soil slope; During the cultivation process, organic fertilizer is applied to the root holes of Millettia reticulata, Amomum villosum and Turmeric; the preparation method of the organic fertilizer is: inoculating the fermentation bacteria agent into the fermentation base material with an inoculation amount of 2.0-3.2%, fully mixing and adding water to make the moisture content reach 50-55%, and fully fermenting at room temperature for 20-30 days, turning over every 3 days; wherein the fermentation bacteria agent is a mixture of Pitt's Acinetobacter, Bacillus cereus and Aspergillus sauerulae; the fermentation base material is a mixture of edible fungus residue, cow dung and soybean meal.

[0006] More specifically, the specific operation in step S2 is: when the length of the part of the Millettia vine that crawls toward the ground reaches 0.7-1.3m, the soil is compacted at 1m to allow the Millettia vine compacted by the soil to take root and grow; when the length of the Millettia vine that grows later reaches 0.7-1.3m, the soil is compacted at 1m to allow the Millettia vine compacted by the soil to take root and grow, and the cycle is repeated.

[0007] More specifically, in step S3, the length of each soil slope is 15 m and the width is 5 m.

[0008] More specifically, the fermentation agent is a mixture of Acinetobacter pitei, Bacillus cereus and Aspergillus sauvignon in a mass ratio of 1:7:3.

[0009] More specifically, the viable count of Acinetobacter pituitii was 4.9×10 7 The viable count of Bacillus cereus was 1.6×10 8 / g, and the viable count of Aspergillus sphaeroides was 8.2×10 7 Pieces / g.

[0010] More specifically, the fermentation base is mixed with the following components in parts by mass: 35-40 parts of edible fungus residue, 20-25 parts of cow dung and 10-18 parts of soybean meal.

[0011] More specifically, the edible mushroom residue is a mixture of Pleurotus geesteranus residue and Ganoderma lucidum residue in a mass ratio of 1:2.

[0012] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: The multi-element and efficient forest medicine cultivation method of the present invention applies an organic fertilizer using a mixture of Acinetobacter pitei, Bacillus cereus and Aspergillus sauerkraut as a fermentation agent during the cultivation of Millettia spatholobi, Amomum villosum and Turmeric, thereby increasing the yield of Turmeric and also increasing the content of diosgenin in Turmeric, which is of great significance for improving the quality of Turmeric in the multi-element and efficient forest medicine cultivation. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0013] The following is a clear and complete description of the technical solution of the present invention. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0014] In the following examples, the number of Acinetobacter pitei is BNCC188192; the number of Bacillus cereus is BNCC186632; and the number of Aspergillus sauvignon is BNCC185761. Example

[0015] A multi-element and efficient cultivation method for forest medicine comprises the following steps: S1. Select pest-free pine forests on low hills; S2. Cultivate Millettia spatholobi near the roots of the pine forest. The specific operation is as follows: Millettia spatholobi grows along the trunks of the pine forest. When the length of the part of Millettia spatholobi that crawls toward the ground reaches 1.3m, compact the soil at 1m to allow the Millettia spatholobi compacted by the soil to take root and grow; when the length of the later-grown Millettia spatholobi reaches 1.3m, compact the soil at 1m to allow the Millettia spatholobi compacted by the soil to take root and grow, and repeat this cycle; S3. In an open area in the pine forest, multiple slopes were leveled and Amomum villosum and Turmeric were planted alternately on each slope; each slope was 15m long and 5m wide; During the cultivation process, 0.6 kg of organic fertilizer was applied to the root holes of Millettia reticulata, Amomum villosum and Turmeric per plant; the preparation method of the organic fertilizer was as follows: the fermentation agent was inoculated into the fermentation base material with an inoculation amount of 2.0%, and clean water was added to make the moisture content reach 50% after being fully mixed, and the fermentation was fully carried out at room temperature for 20 days, during which the fermentation was turned over every 3 days. After the fermentation was completed, the fermentation product was diluted to 10 cm, naturally air-dried, and then crushed through a 120-mesh sieve to obtain the organic fertilizer; wherein the fermentation agent was prepared by mixing Acinetobacter pitei, Bacillus cereus and Aspergillus sauerula in a mass ratio of 1:7:3; the fermentation base material was prepared by mixing the following components: 35 kg of edible fungus residue, 20 kg of cow dung and 10 kg of soybean meal.

[0016] In this example, the viable count of Acinetobacter pituitii was 4.9×10 7 The viable count of Bacillus cereus was 1.6×10 8 / g, and the viable count of Aspergillus sphaeroides was 8.2×10 7 The edible fungus residue is prepared by mixing Pleurotus geesteranus residue and Ganoderma lucidum residue in a mass ratio of 1:2. Example

[0017] A multi-element and efficient cultivation method for forest medicine comprises the following steps: S1. Select pest-free pine forests on low hills; S2. Cultivate Millettia spatholobi near the roots of the pine forest. The specific operation is as follows: Millettia spatholobi grows along the trunks of the pine forest. When the length of the part of Millettia spatholobi that crawls toward the ground reaches 1.3m, compact the soil at 1m to allow the Millettia spatholobi compacted by the soil to take root and grow; when the length of the later-grown Millettia spatholobi reaches 1.3m, compact the soil at 1m to allow the Millettia spatholobi compacted by the soil to take root and grow, and repeat this cycle; S3. In an open area in the pine forest, multiple slopes were leveled and Amomum villosum and Turmeric were planted alternately on each slope; each slope was 15m long and 5m wide; During the cultivation process, 0.8 kg of organic fertilizer was applied to the root holes of Millettia reticulata, Amomum villosum and Dioscorea zingiberensis per plant; the preparation method of the organic fertilizer was as follows: the fermentation agent was inoculated into the fermentation base material at an inoculation rate of 3.2%, and clean water was added to make the moisture content reach 55% after being fully mixed, and the fermentation was fully carried out at room temperature for 25 days, during which the fermentation was turned over every 3 days, and after the fermentation was completed, the fermentation product was thinned to 10 cm, naturally air-dried, and then crushed through a 120-mesh sieve to obtain the organic fertilizer; wherein the fermentation agent was prepared by mixing Acinetobacter pitei, Bacillus cereus and Aspergillus sauerula in a mass ratio of 1:7:3; in terms of mass fraction, the fermentation base material was prepared by mixing the following components: 40 kg of edible fungus residue, 25 kg of cow dung and 18 kg of soybean meal.

[0018] In this example, the viable count of Acinetobacter pituitii was 4.9×10 7 The viable count of Bacillus cereus was 1.6×10 8 / g, and the viable count of Aspergillus sphaeroides was 8.2×10 7 The edible fungus residue is prepared by mixing Pleurotus geesteranus residue and Ganoderma lucidum residue in a mass ratio of 1:2. Example

[0019] A multi-element and efficient cultivation method for forest medicine comprises the following steps: S1. Select pest-free pine forests on low hills; S2. Cultivate Millettia spatholobi near the roots of the pine forest. The specific operation is as follows: Millettia spatholobi grows along the trunks of the pine forest. When the length of the part of Millettia spatholobi that crawls toward the ground reaches 1.3m, compact the soil at 1m to allow the Millettia spatholobi compacted by the soil to take root and grow; when the length of the later-grown Millettia spatholobi reaches 1.3m, compact the soil at 1m to allow the Millettia spatholobi compacted by the soil to take root and grow, and repeat this cycle; S3. In an open area in the pine forest, multiple slopes were leveled and Amomum villosum and Turmeric were planted alternately on each slope; each slope was 15m long and 5m wide; During the cultivation process, 0.8 kg of organic fertilizer was applied to the root holes of Millettia reticulata, Amomum villosum and Turmeric zingiberensis per plant; the preparation method of the organic fertilizer was as follows: the fermentation agent was inoculated into the fermentation base material at an inoculation rate of 3.0%, and clean water was added to make the moisture content reach 55% after being fully mixed, and the fermentation was fully carried out at room temperature for 30 days, during which the fermentation was turned over every 3 days, and after the fermentation was completed, the fermentation product was thinned to 10 cm, naturally air-dried, and then crushed through a 120-mesh sieve to obtain the organic fertilizer; wherein the fermentation agent was prepared by mixing Acinetobacter pitei, Bacillus cereus and Aspergillus sauerula in a mass ratio of 1:7:3; in terms of mass fraction, the fermentation base material was prepared by mixing the following components: 38 kg of edible fungus residue, 22 kg of cow dung and 15 kg of soybean meal.

[0020] In this example, the viable count of Acinetobacter pituitii was 4.9×10 7 The viable count of Bacillus cereus was 1.6×10 8 / g, and the viable count of Aspergillus sphaeroides was 8.2×10 7 The edible fungus residue is prepared by mixing Pleurotus geesteranus residue and Ganoderma lucidum residue in a mass ratio of 1:2.

[0021] Comparative Example 1 The only difference from Example 3 is that no fermentation agent is used.

[0022] Comparative Example 2 The only difference from Example 3 is that the fermentation agent is Acinetobacter pitei.

[0023] Comparative Example 3 The only difference from Example 3 is that the fermentation bacterial agent is Bacillus cereus.

[0024] Comparative Example 4 The only difference from Example 3 is that the fermentation agent is Aspergillus fumigatus.

[0025] Comparative Example 5 The only difference from Example 3 is that the fermentation agent is a mixture of Acinetobacter pitei and Bacillus cereus in a mass ratio of 1:1.

[0026] Comparative Example 6 The only difference from Example 3 is that the fermentation agent is a mixture of Acinetobacter pitei and Aspergillus sauvignon in a mass ratio of 1:1.

[0027] Comparative Example 7 The only difference from Example 3 is that the fermentation bacterial agent is a mixture of Bacillus cereus and Aspergillus sauvignon at a mass ratio of 1:1.

[0028] Comparative Example 8 The only difference from Example 3 is that the fermentation agent is prepared by mixing Acinetobacter pitei, Bacillus cereus and Aspergillus sauerula in a mass ratio of 1:1:1.

[0029] The experiment set up 9 treatments, each with 3 plots, and each plot was 50m 2 . The cultivation method corresponding to each treatment is shown in Table 1 below. After 2 years of planting turmeric, turmeric was dug and the wet product yield of turmeric was weighed. 1 kg of turmeric was randomly selected for each treatment, dried at 60°C to constant weight, crushed through a 40-mesh sieve, and 5.00 g was accurately weighed. The average content (mass percentage) of diosgenin in turmeric was determined according to the method of "Determination of diosgenin in turmeric by two-phase combined acid hydrolysis-HPLC" (Xia Guohua et al., Natural Product Research and Development, Nat Prod Res Dev 2013, 25: 1699-1703), and each treatment was repeated 3 times. The results are shown in Table 1.

[0030] Table 1 Effects of different fermentation agents on the quality and yield of turmeric Treatment Group Cultivation methods Average content of diosgenin (%) <![CDATA[Average yield (g / m 2 )]]> Process 1 Comparative Example 1 3.46 2623.45 Process 2 Comparative Example 2 3.92 3149.26 Process 3 Comparative Example 3 4.12 3357.88 Process 4 Comparative Example 4 3.73 3078.51 Process 5 Comparative Example 5 4.28 3862.60 Process 6 Comparative Example 6 4.29 3568.08 Process 7 Comparative Example 7 3.94 4019.26 Process 8 Comparative Example 8 4.63 3716.91 Process 9 Example 3 4.71 3967.05 As shown in Table 1, in terms of quality, the use of Acinetobacter pitei, Bacillus cereus, Aspergillus sauerulae alone or in combination or at the same time can increase the content of diosgenin in turmeric when compared with treatment 1. But in general, the simultaneous use of the three as fermentation agents significantly increased the content of diosgenin in turmeric, especially when the mass ratio of the three was 1:7:3, the improvement effect was most significant.

[0031] In terms of quality, when comparing treatments 2-9 with treatment 1, the use of Acinetobacter pitei, Bacillus cereus, Aspergillus sauvignon alone, or the combination of two or more of the three together, can increase the yield of turmeric. But overall, there is no significant difference in the effect of using the three together or in combination of two on the yield of turmeric.

[0032] In summary, the multi-element and efficient forest medicine cultivation method of the present invention applies an organic fertilizer using a mixture of Acinetobacter pitei, Bacillus cereus and Aspergillus sauerkraut as a fermentation agent during the cultivation of Millettia spatholobi, Amomum villosum and turmeric. While increasing the yield of turmeric, the content of diosgenin in turmeric can also be increased, which is of great significance for improving the quality of turmeric in the multi-element and efficient cultivation of forest medicine.

Claims

1. A multi-element and efficient cultivation method for forest medicine, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1. Select pest-free pine forests on low hills; S2. Plant Millettia spatholobi near the roots of pine forests; S3. Level multiple soil slopes in layers in an open area of ​​pine forest, and plant Amomum villosum and Turmeric alternately on each soil slope; During the cultivation process, organic fertilizer is applied to the root holes of Millettia reticulata, Amomum villosum and Turmeric; the preparation method of the organic fertilizer is: inoculating the fermentation bacteria agent into the fermentation base material with an inoculation amount of 2.0-3.2%, fully mixing and adding water to make the moisture content reach 50-55%, and fully fermenting at room temperature for 20-30 days, turning over every 3 days; wherein the fermentation bacteria agent is a mixture of Pitt's Acinetobacter, Bacillus cereus and Aspergillus sauerulae; the fermentation base material is a mixture of edible fungus residue, cow dung and soybean meal.

2. The multi-element and high-efficiency cultivation method of Millettia spatholobi according to claim 1, characterized in that: The specific operation in step S2 is: when the length of the part of the Millettia vine that crawls toward the ground reaches 0.7-1.3m, the soil is compacted at 1m to allow the Millettia vine compacted by the soil to take root and grow; when the length of the Millettia vine that grows later reaches 0.7-1.3m, the soil is compacted at 1m to allow the Millettia vine compacted by the soil to take root and grow, and the cycle is repeated.

3. The multi-element and high-efficiency cultivation method of Millettia spatholobi according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S3, the length of each soil slope is 15m and the width is 5m.

4. The multi-element and high-efficiency cultivation method of Millettia spatholobi according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fermentation bacterial agent is prepared by mixing Acinetobacter pitei, Bacillus cereus and Aspergillus sauvignon in a mass ratio of 1:7:

3.

5. The multi-element and high-efficiency cultivation method of Millettia spatholobi according to claim 1, characterized in that: The viable count of Acinetobacter pituitii was 4.9×10 7 The viable count of Bacillus cereus was 1.6×10 8 / g, and the viable count of Aspergillus sphaeroides was 8.2×10 7 Pieces / g.

6. The multi-element and high-efficiency cultivation method of Millettia spatholobi according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fermentation base material is mixed by the following components in parts by mass: 35-40 parts of edible fungus residue, 20-25 parts of cow dung and 10-18 parts of soybean meal.

7. The multi-element and high-efficiency cultivation method of Millettia spatholobi according to claim 1, characterized in that: The edible fungus residue is prepared by mixing Pleurotus geesteranus residue and Ganoderma lucidum residue in a mass ratio of 1:2.