Single glass, laminated glass and vehicle

Abstract

The invention discloses single glass, laminated glass and a vehicle. The single glass comprises a first stress layer, a second stress layer and a third stress layer, the third stress layer is connected to the first stress layer and the second stress layer in the thickness direction of the single glass, and the thickness of the first stress layer is smaller than that of the second stress layer. The first stress layer and the second stress layer both have pressure stress, the maximum pressure stress of the first stress layer is smaller than that of the second stress layer, the third stress layer has tensile stress, and the tensile stress of the third stress layer is equal to the sum of the pressure stress of the first stress layer and the pressure stress of the second stress layer. The HIC value of the laminated glass is smaller than or equal to 650, the requirement for pedestrian protection can be met, and therefore the safety of pedestrians and the driving safety of vehicles are well guaranteed.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the field of vehicle technology, and in particular to a single-layer glass, a laminated glass and a vehicle. Background Art

[0002] With the development of social economy and the update and iteration of vehicle technology, the collision between pedestrians and vehicles caused by road rights issues has become more and more serious, and the number is still rising sharply. Therefore, consumers have higher and higher requirements for vehicle driving safety, especially the safety performance of glass used in vehicles. At present, more and more countries require that glass should protect pedestrians who collide with vehicles and minimize the damage to pedestrians' heads when collisions occur.

[0003] In the related art, the single-piece glass or the single-piece glass in the laminated glass used in the vehicle is cold-treated on both surfaces in the thickness direction by a cooling process, and the two surfaces in the thickness direction of the single-piece glass have equal stress. However, during the pedestrian protection experiment, the glass with equal stress on both surfaces in the thickness direction will easily bend outward when subjected to external impact, and quickly reach the stress limit on the surface of the glass facing the interior of the vehicle, thereby causing the glass to break, and thus failing to ensure the safety of pedestrians and the driving safety of vehicles. Summary of the invention

[0004] The purpose of the present application is to provide a single-layer glass, a laminated glass and a vehicle, which can well ensure the safety of pedestrians and the driving safety of vehicles.

[0005] In a first aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a monolithic glass. The monolithic glass comprises a first stress layer, a second stress layer and a third stress layer, wherein along the thickness direction of the monolithic glass, the third stress layer is connected to the first stress layer and the second stress layer, and the thickness of the first stress layer is less than the thickness of the second stress layer;

[0006] The first stress layer and the second stress layer both have compressive stress, the maximum compressive stress of the first stress layer is less than the maximum compressive stress of the second stress layer, the third stress layer has tensile stress, and the tensile stress of the third stress layer is equal to the sum of the compressive stress of the first stress layer and the compressive stress of the second stress layer.

[0007] In one embodiment, along the thickness direction of the single-piece glass, the single-piece glass also includes an intermediate surface and a tensile stress interface, the intermediate surface and the tensile stress interface are both located in the third stress layer, the intermediate surface is the geometric center plane of the single-piece glass, the single-piece glass has a maximum tensile stress at the position of the tensile stress interface, and the intermediate surface and the tensile stress interface do not overlap.

[0008] In one embodiment, the tensile stress interface is located between the intermediate surface and the first stress layer.

[0009] In one embodiment, the single-piece glass further includes an outer surface and an inner surface, the outer surface and the inner surface are arranged opposite to each other along the thickness direction of the single-piece glass, the outer surface is arranged at the first stress layer, the inner surface is arranged at the second stress layer, and the compressive stress of the single-piece glass on the outer surface is less than the compressive stress of the single-piece glass on the inner surface;

[0010] A straight-line distance from the tensile stress interface to the outer surface is smaller than a straight-line distance from the tensile stress interface to the inner surface.

[0011] In one embodiment, the single piece of glass is cooled on the outer surface and the inner surface using an asymmetric cooling process.

[0012] In one embodiment, a ratio of a sum of a thickness of the first stress layer and a thickness of the second stress layer to a thickness of the single-piece glass is greater than or equal to 0.32 and less than or equal to 0.52.

[0013] In one embodiment, a ratio of a sum of a thickness of the first stress layer and a thickness of the second stress layer to a thickness of the single-piece glass is greater than or equal to 0.38 and less than or equal to 0.45.

[0014] In one embodiment, the HIC value of the single piece of glass is less than or equal to 650.

[0015] In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a laminated glass. The laminated glass comprises an outer glass plate, an inner glass plate and an adhesive layer, the outer glass plate comprises a first surface and a second surface, the first surface and the second surface are arranged opposite to each other along the thickness direction of the outer glass plate, the inner glass plate comprises a third surface and a fourth surface, the third surface and the fourth surface are arranged opposite to each other along the thickness direction of the inner glass plate, the adhesive layer is connected to the second surface and the third surface, and the outer glass plate and the inner glass plate are both single-piece glass as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 8;

[0016] The first surface has a first surface compressive stress, the second surface has a second surface compressive stress, the third surface has a third surface compressive stress, and the fourth surface has a fourth surface compressive stress;

[0017] One of the first surface compressive stress and the second surface compressive stress is equal to the maximum compressive stress of the first stress layer, and the other is equal to the maximum compressive stress of the second stress layer;

[0018] The third surface compressive stress is equal to the maximum compressive stress of the second stress layer, and the fourth surface compressive stress is equal to the maximum compressive stress of the first stress layer.

[0019] In one embodiment, the first surface compressive stress is equal to the maximum compressive stress of the first stress layer, and the second surface compressive stress is equal to the maximum compressive stress of the second stress layer.

[0020] In one embodiment, the first surface compressive stress is equal to the fourth surface compressive stress, and the second surface compressive stress is equal to the third surface compressive stress.

[0021] In one embodiment, the first surface compressive stress is equal to the maximum compressive stress of the second stress layer, and the second surface compressive stress is equal to the maximum compressive stress of the first stress layer.

[0022] In one embodiment, the first surface compressive stress is equal to the third surface compressive stress, and the second surface compressive stress is equal to the fourth surface compressive stress.

[0023] In one embodiment, the outer glass plate has a first internal tensile stress, the inner glass plate has a second internal tensile stress, the first internal tensile stress is equal to the second internal tensile stress, and the first internal tensile stress is equal to the maximum tensile stress of the third stress layer.

[0024] In one embodiment, the first surface compressive stress is 1MPa to 10MPa, the second surface compressive stress is 1MPa to 10MPa, the third surface compressive stress is 1MPa to 10MPa, and the fourth surface compressive stress is 1MPa to 5MPa;

[0025] An absolute value of a difference between the first surface compressive stress and the second surface compressive stress is greater than or equal to 2 MPa, and an absolute value of a difference between the third surface compressive stress and the fourth surface compressive stress is greater than or equal to 2 MPa.

[0026] In a third aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a vehicle, wherein the vehicle comprises a vehicle body and a window glass, wherein the window glass is the single-layer glass or the laminated glass, and the window glass is mounted on the vehicle body.

[0027] In the related art, after the single-piece glass or the single-piece glass in the laminated glass used in the vehicle is subjected to heat treatment heating, bending forming and symmetrical cooling process, the two surfaces of the single-piece glass in the thickness direction have equal surface compressive stress. However, in the pedestrian protection experiment, the glass with equal surface compressive stress on the two surfaces in the thickness direction will have a higher head injury index (HIC value) when subjected to external impact, for example, HIC is greater than 1000, which cannot guarantee the safety of pedestrians and thus cannot meet the safety standards requirements in China, Europe and other regions.

[0028] In the embodiment of the present application, after the single-piece glass is heated by heat treatment and its temperature reaches the glass softening point, and then bent and formed, and then subjected to an asymmetric cooling process, the first stress layer and the second stress layer of the single-piece glass are asymmetrically arranged about the middle surface, and the third stress layer is asymmetrically arranged about the middle surface. The thickness of the first stress layer is less than the thickness of the second stress layer. Along the thickness direction of the single-piece glass, the maximum compressive stress of the first stress layer is less than the maximum compressive stress of the second stress layer. During the pedestrian protection experiment, the single-piece glass with the maximum compressive stress of the first stress layer less than the maximum compressive stress of the second stress layer and the laminated glass made thereof can meet the use requirement of HIC value less than or equal to 650, thereby ensuring the safety of pedestrians and the driving safety of vehicles. In addition, if the laminated glass is composed of two pieces of the above-mentioned single-piece glass, one of the first surface compressive stress and the second surface compressive stress of the outer glass plate is equal to the maximum compressive stress of the first stress layer of the outer glass plate, and the other is equal to the maximum compressive stress of the second stress layer of the outer glass plate. The third surface compressive stress of the inner glass plate is equal to the maximum compressive stress of the second stress layer of the outer glass plate, and the fourth surface compressive stress is equal to the maximum compressive stress of the first stress layer of the outer glass plate. At this time, the HIC value of the laminated glass is less than or equal to 650, and the laminated glass can meet the requirements for pedestrian protection, thereby well ensuring the safety of pedestrians and the driving safety of vehicles. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0029] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a partial cross-sectional structure of a single-piece glass provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0030] Figure 2 The stress distribution diagram of a part of a single-piece glass in the thickness direction in the prior art;

[0031] Figure 3 for Figure 2 The stress variation curve of the single-piece glass in the thickness direction is shown;

[0032] Figure 4 for Figure 1 The stress distribution diagram of a part of the single-piece glass in the thickness direction is shown;

[0033] Figure 5 for Figure 4 The stress variation curve of the single-piece glass in the thickness direction is shown;

[0034] Figure 6 A schematic diagram of a partial cross-sectional structure of a laminated glass provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0035] Figure 7 for Figure 6 A stress distribution curve diagram of the first embodiment of the laminated glass in the thickness direction;

[0036] Figure 8 for Figure 6 A stress distribution curve diagram of the second embodiment of the laminated glass in the thickness direction;

[0037] Fig. 9 A simplified schematic diagram of the structure of a vehicle provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0038] The nouns corresponding to the various reference numerals in the figures are: single-layer glass 10, first stress layer 11, second stress layer 12, third stress layer 13, outer surface 14, inner surface 15, first interface 16, second interface 17, tensile stress interface 18, intermediate surface 19, laminated glass 20, outer glass plate 21, first surface 211, second surface 212, first surface compressive stress σ1, second surface compressive stress σ2, first internal tensile stress σ12, inner glass plate 22, third surface 221, fourth surface 222, third surface compressive stress σ3, fourth surface compressive stress σ4, second internal tensile stress σ34, adhesive layer 23, vehicle 1000, window glass 100, vehicle body 300. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0039] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present application, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative work are within the scope of protection of the present application.

[0040] In the embodiments of the present application, the terms "first", "second", etc. are only used for descriptive purposes and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of indicated technical features. Therefore, the features defined as "first", "second", etc. may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the features. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in this application can be understood according to the specific circumstances. And "multiple" in this application refers to two or more.

[0041] In order to improve the strength of glass, physical or chemical methods can be used to strengthen it. This application mainly adopts physical methods, specifically, heating the glass to the softening temperature and then cooling it rapidly. The outer part of the glass solidifies due to rapid cooling, while the inner part cools slowly. When the inner part continues to shrink, compressive stress is generated on the surface of the glass, while tensile stress is generated inside, thereby improving the strength and thermal stability of the glass. It should be noted that inside the glass, the total "compressive stress" is equal to the total "tensile stress".

[0042] See also Figure 1 , Figure 1This is a schematic diagram of a partial cross-sectional structure of a single-piece glass provided in an embodiment of the present application. It should be noted that: Figure 1 The middle dashed lines represent the first interface, the second interface and the middle surface of the single-piece glass.

[0043] In this embodiment, the single-piece glass 10 is heated by heat treatment until its temperature reaches the glass softening point, and then bent and formed, and then the single-piece glass 10 is subjected to a cooling process. When the single-piece glass 10 is cooled, the two surfaces of the single-piece glass 10 in the thickness direction are cooled first, and then gradually cooled toward the inside of the single-piece glass 10. Therefore, the single-piece glass 10 generates a structure of a compressive stress layer, a tensile stress layer, and a compressive stress layer in the thickness direction.

[0044] Specifically, the monolithic glass 10 includes a first stress layer 11, a second stress layer 12 and a third stress layer 13. Along the thickness direction of the monolithic glass 10, the third stress layer 13 is connected to the first stress layer 11 and the second stress layer 12. The first stress layer 11 and the second stress layer 12 can be regarded as the outer layer of the monolithic glass 10. The first stress layer 11 and the second stress layer 12 are both compressive stress layers. The third stress layer 13 can be regarded as the inside of the monolithic glass 10. The third stress layer 13 is a tensile stress layer. It can be understood that the first stress layer 11 and the second stress layer 12 both have compressive stress. The third stress layer 13 has tensile stress. The tensile stress in the monolithic glass 10 (i.e., the tensile stress of the third stress layer 13) is equal to the compressive stress (i.e., the sum of the compressive stress of the first stress layer 11 and the compressive stress of the second stress layer 12), and a stress equilibrium state is formed.

[0045] The single-piece glass 10 further includes an outer surface 14 and an inner surface 15. The outer surface 14 and the inner surface 15 are disposed opposite to each other along the thickness direction of the single-piece glass 10. The outer surface 14 is located at the first stress layer 11. The inner surface 15 is located at the second stress layer 12. It can be understood that the outer surface 14 and the inner surface 15 are located at two surfaces opposite to the first stress layer 11 and the second stress layer 12, respectively.

[0046] The monolithic glass 10 further includes a first interface 16 and a second interface 17. It is understood that the first interface 16 and the second interface 17 are virtual surfaces and do not really exist. The present application is provided only for more detailed description. Along the thickness direction of the monolithic glass 10, the first interface 16 and the second interface 17 are both located between the outer surface 14 and the inner surface 15. The first interface 16 is the interface between the first stress layer 11 and the third stress layer 13. The portion between the first interface 16 and the outer surface 14 is the first stress layer 11. The compressive stress of the monolithic glass 10 at the first interface 16 is 0. The second interface 17 is the interface between the second stress layer 12 and the third stress layer 13. The portion between the second interface 17 and the inner surface 15 is the second stress layer 12. The compressive stress of the monolithic glass 10 at the second interface 17 is 0. The portion between the first interface 16 and the second interface 17 is the third stress layer 13. It is understood that the monolithic glass 10 has the maximum compressive stress of the first stress layer 11 on the outer surface 14. The single-piece glass 10 has the maximum compressive stress of the second stress layer 12 on the inner surface 15. The single-piece glass 10 has a tensile stress between the first interface 16 and the second interface 17.

[0047] The single-piece glass 10 further includes an intermediate surface 19. Along the thickness direction of the single-piece glass 10, the intermediate surface 19 is located between the first interface 16 and the second interface 17. The intermediate surface 19 is the geometric center surface of the single-piece glass 10. It can be understood that the intermediate surface 19 is a virtual surface and does not really exist. This application is only provided for more detailed description. The intermediate surface 19 is located at the third stress layer 13. That is, along the thickness direction of the single-piece glass 10, the single-piece glass 10 is symmetrically arranged about the intermediate surface 19. The straight-line distance from the intermediate surface 19 to the outer surface 14 is equal to the straight-line distance from the intermediate surface 19 to the inner surface 15.

[0048] See also Figure 2 and Figure 3 , Figure 2 is a stress distribution diagram of a part of a single-piece glass in the thickness direction in the prior art, Figure 3 for Figure 2 The stress variation curve of the single piece of glass in the thickness direction is shown.

[0049] In the prior art, the single-piece glass 10 is heated by heat treatment until its temperature reaches the glass softening point, and then bent and shaped, and then cooled by a symmetrical cooling process, such as symmetrical air cooling, on the outer surface 14 and the inner surface 15 of the single-piece glass 10. The symmetrical cooling process is a cooling process in which the cooling speed, cooling air pressure, etc. of the outer surface 14 and the inner surface 15 are equal. Figure 2 As shown, the first stress layer 11 and the second stress layer 12 of the single-piece glass 10 are symmetrically arranged with respect to the middle surface 19 , and the third stress layer 13 is symmetrically arranged with respect to the middle surface 19 .

[0050] It can be understood that the thickness H1 of the first stress layer 11 is equal to the thickness H2 of the second stress layer 12. That is, along the thickness direction of the single-piece glass 10, the straight-line distance from the first interface 16 to the outer surface 14 of the single-piece glass 10 is equal to the straight-line distance from the second interface 17 to the inner surface 15. The compressive stress of the outer surface 14 of the single-piece glass 10 is equal to the compressive stress of the inner surface 15, the compressive stress of the outer surface 14 of the single-piece glass 10 is equal to the maximum compressive stress of the first stress layer 11, and the compressive stress of the inner surface 15 of the single-piece glass 10 is equal to the maximum compressive stress of the second stress layer 12.

[0051] In addition, in this embodiment, the single-piece glass 10 further includes a tensile stress interface 18. The tensile stress interface 18 is located at the third stress layer 13. Along the thickness direction of the single-piece glass 10, the tensile stress interface 18 is located between the first interface 16 and the second interface 17. The single-piece glass 10 has a maximum tensile stress at the tensile stress interface 18. The tensile stress interface 18 coincides with the middle surface 19. That is, the straight-line distance L1 from the tensile stress interface 18 to the outer surface 14 is equal to the straight-line distance L2 from the tensile stress interface 18 to the inner surface 15. Therefore, it can be understood that the single-piece glass 10 has a maximum tensile stress at the position of the middle surface 19.

[0052] The calculation formula of the stress of the single-piece glass 10 is as follows:

[0053]

[0054] In the above formula, α is the linear expansion coefficient, E is the elastic modulus, is the thermal conductivity, μ is the Poisson's ratio, h is the annealing rate, a is the thickness of the single-piece glass 10, x is the straight-line distance from the middle surface 19 of the single-piece glass 10, λ is the heat flux, and γ is the density. The above α, E, k, μ, h, a, x, λ and γ are all values ​​when the temperature of the single-piece glass 10 is the lower limit temperature required for annealing.

[0055] The stress calculation formula of the above-mentioned single-piece glass 10 is simplified to a symmetrical quadratic function. That is, when the magnitude of the stress of the single-piece glass 10 is symmetrical about the middle plane 19, the stress function of the single-piece glass 10 is f(x)=ax 2 -b, so as to form Figure 3 The stress variation curve is shown. Figure 3 The horizontal axis of the graph represents the thickness direction of the single-piece glass 10, and the vertical axis represents the stress of the single-piece glass 10. It can be understood that the distance from any surface parallel to the middle surface 19 in the single-piece glass 10 to the middle surface 19 is the horizontal coordinate, and the stress of any surface parallel to the middle surface 19 in the single-piece glass 10 is the vertical coordinate, and the stress change curve is fitted. Among them, the compressive stress is a positive value and the tensile stress is a negative value.

[0056] like Figure 3 As shown, the stress variation curve is symmetrical about the longitudinal axis. The stress variation curve includes x1 and x2. x1 represents the distance from the first interface 16 to the middle surface 19. x2 represents the distance from the second interface 17 to the middle surface 19. The distance from x1 to x2 is the thickness of the third stress layer 13. The value corresponding to x1 on the longitudinal axis represents the stress of the single-piece glass 10 at the first interface 16, and the stress of the single-piece glass 10 at x1 is 0. The value corresponding to x2 on the longitudinal axis represents the stress of the single-piece glass 10 at the second interface 17, and the stress of the single-piece glass 10 at x2 is 0. The stress variation curve also includes x3 and x4. x3 represents the distance from the outer surface 14 to the middle surface 19. x2 represents the distance from the inner surface 15 to the middle surface 19. Along the horizontal axis, the straight-line distance from x3 to x1 is the thickness H1 of the first stress layer 11. The straight-line distance from x4 to x2 is the thickness H2 of the second stress layer 12. The value corresponding to x3 on the longitudinal axis represents the stress of the single-piece glass 10 at the outer surface 14. The value corresponding to x4 on the vertical axis represents the stress of the single-piece glass 10 at the inner surface 15. The stresses of the single-piece glass 10 at x3 and x4 are both compressive stresses, and the compressive stresses are equal.

[0057] It should be noted that, combined with Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, Figure 3 The stress change curve is Figure 2 The areas S1, S2 and S3 (i.e., the area size represented by the section line) enclosed by the FF line are the compressive stress of the first stress layer, the compressive stress of the second stress layer and the tensile stress of the third stress layer, respectively. Specifically, the area S1 enclosed by the stress change curve in the range of x1 to x3 and the horizontal axis is the compressive stress of the first compressive stress layer. The area S2 enclosed by the stress change curve in the range of x2 to x4 and the horizontal axis is the compressive stress of the second compressive stress layer. The area S3 enclosed by the stress change curve in the range of x1 to x2 and the horizontal axis is the tensile stress of the third stress layer 13.

[0058] Among them, the area S1 enclosed by the stress change curve in the range of x1 to x3 and the horizontal axis is equal to the area S2 enclosed by the stress change curve in the range of x2 to x4 and the horizontal axis. That is, the compressive stress of the second stress layer 12 is equal to the compressive stress of the first stress layer 11. Since the internal stress of the single-piece glass 10 is balanced, the sum of the compressive stress of the first stress layer 11 and the compressive stress of the second stress layer 12 is equal to the tensile stress of the third stress layer 13. Therefore, the area S1 enclosed by the stress change curve in the range of x1 to x3 and the horizontal axis is equal to the area S31 enclosed by the stress change curve in the range of x1 to 0 and the horizontal axis. The area S2 enclosed by the stress change curve in the range of x2 to x4 and the horizontal axis is equal to the area S32 enclosed by the stress change curve in the range of x2 to 0 and the horizontal axis.

[0059] It can be understood that since the compressive stress of the first stress layer 11 is equal to half of the tensile stress of the third stress layer 13, the stress change curve is integrated between x3 and 0 to obtain x3, that is,

[0060] From formula 1,

[0061] From formula 2, we get:

[0062] From formula 3, we get:

[0063] By transforming formula 4,

[0064] From formula 5, we get: Right now

[0065] Let f(x) = ax 2 -b, to find x1, we get, Right now

[0066] Comparing Formula 6 and Formula 7, we get: Right now Similarly, we can get

[0067] It can be seen from Formula 8 and Formula 9 that the thicknesses of the first stress layer 11 , the second stress layer 12 and the third stress layer 13 are all independent of the stress (ie, the heat treatment method of the single-piece glass 10 ).

[0068] In this embodiment, the internal stress (including tensile stress and compressive stress) of the single-piece glass 10 can be measured using a glass cross-section stress gauge (such as SCALP-04 of Japan Orihara Co., Ltd.). First, the glass cross-section stress gauge is placed in the central part of the surface of the single-piece glass 10 to be measured, and the glass cross-section stress gauge is rotated within the surface of the single-piece glass 10 to perform measurements at three angles (such as 0 degrees, 45 degrees, and 90 degrees). Then, the results measured by the glass cross-section stress gauge are subjected to Rosette analysis, and the direction and magnitude of the compressive stress and tensile stress are calculated. In other embodiments, the tensile stress and compressive stress of the single-piece glass 10 can also be measured using an optical stress meter. This application does not impose strict restrictions on this.

[0069] According to the provisions of the Chinese standard GB24550, the Head Injury Criterion (HIC) is used to evaluate the degree of injury caused by glass to the pedestrian's head when a vehicle collides with a pedestrian. In order to protect the safety of pedestrians and the driving safety of vehicles, and to reduce the head injury of pedestrians and vehicles as much as possible, the European New Car Assessment Program (ENCAP) and the China New Car Assessment Program (CNCAP) have defined that the HIC value should be less than or equal to 1000. During the pedestrian protection experiment, glass with equal surface compressive stress on both surfaces in the thickness direction has a higher HIC value when subjected to external impact, for example, the HIC value is greater than 1000. Therefore, the single-piece glass 10 in the prior art cannot guarantee the safety of pedestrians, and thus cannot meet the safety standards in China, Europe and other regions.

[0070] See also Figure 4 and Figure 5 , Figure 4 for Figure 1 The stress distribution diagram of the single-piece glass in the thickness direction is shown in FIG. Figure 5 for Figure 4 The stress variation curve of the single piece of glass in the thickness direction is shown.

[0071] Different from the prior art, in this embodiment, the single-piece glass 10 is heated by heat treatment and its temperature reaches the glass softening point, and then bent and formed, and then the outer surface 14 and the inner surface 15 of the single-piece glass 10 are cooled by an asymmetric cooling process, such as asymmetric air cooling. The asymmetric cooling process is a cooling process in which the cooling speed, cooling air pressure, etc. of the outer surface 14 and the inner surface 15 are not equal. Therefore, Figure 4 As shown, the first stress layer 11 and the second stress layer 12 of the single-piece glass 10 are arranged asymmetrically with respect to the intermediate plane 19 .

[0072] It can be understood that the thickness H1 of the first stress layer 11 is less than the thickness H2 of the second stress layer 12. That is, along the thickness direction of the single-piece glass 10, the straight-line distance from the first interface 16 to the outer surface 14 of the single-piece glass 10 is less than the straight-line distance from the second interface 17 to the inner surface 15. Along the thickness direction of the single-piece glass 10, the compressive stress of the outer surface 14 of the single-piece glass 10 is less than the compressive stress of the inner surface 15, the compressive stress of the outer surface 14 of the single-piece glass 10 is equal to the maximum compressive stress of the first stress layer 11, and the compressive stress of the inner surface 15 of the single-piece glass 10 is equal to the maximum compressive stress of the second stress layer 12.

[0073] Exemplarily, the ratio of the thickness H1 of the first stress layer 11 and the thickness H2 of the second stress layer 12 to the thickness t of the single-piece glass 10 is greater than or equal to 0.32 and less than or equal to 0.52; specifically, examples include 0.32, 0.35, 0.38, 0.40, 0.41, 0.42, 0.43, 0.44, 0.45, 0.46, 0.47, 0.48, 0.49, 0.50, 0.51, 0.52, etc. Preferably, the ratio of the thickness H1 of the first stress layer 11 and the thickness H2 of the second stress layer 12 to the thickness t of the single-piece glass 10 is greater than or equal to 0.38 and less than or equal to 0.45.

[0074] In addition, the third stress layer 13 is asymmetrically arranged with respect to the intermediate surface 19. Along the thickness direction of the single-piece glass 10, the tensile stress interface 18 of the single-piece glass 10 does not coincide with the intermediate surface 19. Figure 4 As shown, along the thickness direction of the single-piece glass 10, the tensile stress interface 18 is located between the middle surface 19 and the first stress layer 11. That is, the straight-line distance L1 from the tensile stress interface 18 to the outer surface 14 is smaller than the straight-line distance L2 from the tensile stress interface 18 to the inner surface 15, and therefore, the tensile stress of the third stress layer 13 at the middle surface 19 is not the maximum tensile stress.

[0075] In this embodiment, since the first stress layer 11 and the second stress layer 12 of the single-piece glass 10 are asymmetrically arranged with respect to the intermediate surface 19, and the third stress layer 13 is asymmetrically arranged with respect to the intermediate surface 19, the stress calculation formula of the single-piece glass 10 is simplified to an asymmetrical quadratic function f(x)=(a1+a2)x 2 -b (when x<0, a2=0; when x>0, a1=0), to form Figure 5 The stress variation curve is shown.

[0076] See Figure 5, the stress variation curve is asymmetric about the longitudinal axis. x1 and x2 are asymmetric about the longitudinal axis, that is, |x1|≠|x2|. x3 and x4 are asymmetric about the longitudinal axis, that is, |x3|≠|x4|. The compressive stress of the single-layer glass 10 at x1 and at x2 is both 0. The compressive stress of the single-layer glass 10 at x3 is greater than the compressive stress of the single-layer glass 10 at x4. The area S1 enclosed by the stress variation curve in the range of x1 to x3 and the horizontal axis is greater than the area S2 enclosed by the stress variation curve in the range of x2 to x4 and the horizontal axis. That is, the maximum compressive stress of the second stress layer 12 is greater than the maximum compressive stress of the first stress layer 11. Since the internal stress of the single-piece glass 10 is balanced, the sum of the compressive stress of the first stress layer 11 and the compressive stress of the second stress layer 12 is equal to the tensile stress of the third stress layer 13. Therefore, the area S1 enclosed by the stress change curve in the range of x1 to x3 and the horizontal axis is equal to the area S31 enclosed by the stress change curve in the range of x1 to 0 and the horizontal axis. The area S2 enclosed by the stress change curve in the range of x2 to x4 and the horizontal axis is equal to the area S32 enclosed by the stress change curve in the range of x2 to 0 and the horizontal axis.

[0077] It can be understood that by integrating the stress change curve between x3 and x4, we get:

[0078] Simplifying formula 10, we get:

[0079] From formula 11, we can get:

[0080] Among them, since the tensile stress of the single-piece glass 10 at the middle surface 19 is not the maximum tensile stress, we have: and

[0081] Compared with the prior art, in this embodiment, during the pedestrian protection experiment, the single-piece glass 10 and the laminated glass made thereof in which the maximum compressive stress of the first stress layer 11 is less than the maximum compressive stress of the second stress layer 12 can meet the use requirement of the HIC value being less than or equal to 650, further less than or equal to 500, or even less than or equal to 400, thereby ensuring the safety of pedestrians and the driving safety of the vehicle 1000.

[0082] It should be noted that the contents in this embodiment that are the same as those in the above embodiment will not be repeated.

[0083] See also Figure 6 , Figure 6 A schematic diagram of a partial cross-sectional structure of a laminated glass provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0084] The laminated glass 20 is a sandwich structure formed by two single-piece glass 10. The laminated glass 20 includes an outer glass plate 21, an adhesive layer 23, and an inner glass plate 22. Along the thickness direction of the laminated glass 20, the outer glass plate 21, the adhesive layer 23, and the inner glass plate 22 are stacked and connected in sequence, and the adhesive layer 23 is connected to the outer glass plate 21 and the inner glass plate 22. In this embodiment, the outer glass plate 21 and the inner glass plate 22 are both selected from the glass form of the second embodiment of the single-piece glass 10 (i.e., the single-piece glass 10 having an asymmetric stress distribution in the thickness direction).

[0085] The outer glass plate 21 includes a first surface 211 and a second surface 212. The first surface 211 and the second surface 212 are arranged opposite to each other along the thickness direction of the outer glass plate 21. The first surface 211 of the outer glass plate 21 faces away from the bonding layer 23. The second surface 212 of the outer glass plate 21 faces the bonding layer 23. The outer glass plate 21 can be, but is not limited to, transparent glass (ordinary white glass), green glass, ultra-transparent glass (ultra-white glass), etc.

[0086] In one embodiment, the thickness of the outer glass plate 21 is greater than or equal to 1.6 mm and less than or equal to 3.5 mm. For example, the outer glass plate 21 is made of ordinary white glass. The thickness of the outer glass plate 21 is 2.1 mm, 2.5 mm, 3.2 mm, etc.

[0087] The inner glass plate 22 includes a third surface 221 and a fourth surface 222. The third surface 221 and the fourth surface 222 are arranged opposite to each other along the thickness direction of the inner glass plate 22. The third surface 221 of the inner glass plate 22 faces the adhesive layer 23. The fourth surface 222 of the inner glass plate 22 faces away from the adhesive layer 23. The inner glass plate 22 can be, but is not limited to, transparent glass (ordinary white glass), green glass, ultra-transparent glass (ultra-white glass), etc.

[0088] In one embodiment, the thickness of the inner glass plate 22 is greater than or equal to 0.7 mm and less than or equal to 2.5 mm. For example, the inner glass plate 22 is made of ordinary white glass. The thickness of the inner glass plate 22 is 1.8 mm, 1.6 mm, 1.1 mm, etc.

[0089] The adhesive layer 23 is located between the outer glass plate 21 and the inner glass plate 22. The adhesive layer 23 is connected between the second surface 212 of the outer glass plate 21 and the third surface 221 of the inner glass plate 22. The adhesive layer 23 is not only used to bond the outer glass plate 21 and the inner glass plate 22 together, thereby improving the structural strength of the laminated glass 20, but also used to bond the glass fragments formed by the inner glass plate 22 and the outer glass plate 21, thereby reducing the probability of glass fragments flying after the outer glass plate 21 or the inner glass plate 22 is broken, thereby preventing the glass fragments from scratching the driver and passengers, thereby ensuring the safety of the driver and passengers, and enabling the laminated glass 20 to meet the safety standards and regulatory requirements of more scenarios.

[0090] The bonding layer 23 may be made of, but is not limited to, a thermoplastic polymer film. The material of the thermoplastic polymer film may be selected from one or more of polyvinyl butyral (PVB), polyurethane (PU), ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA) and ionomer (SGP). The bonding layer 23 may be a single-layer structure or a multi-layer structure. The multi-layer structure may be exemplified by a double-layer structure, a three-layer structure, a four-layer structure, a five-layer structure, etc.

[0091] In one embodiment, the thickness of the adhesive layer 23 is greater than or equal to 0.76 mm and less than or equal to 2.28 mm. Exemplarily, the adhesive layer 23 is transparent PVB, and the thickness of the adhesive layer 23 is 0.76 mm.

[0092] In some embodiments, according to actual application requirements, the bonding layer 23 may also have other functions, such as providing at least one colored area as a shadow band to reduce the interference of sunlight to the human eye, or adding an infrared absorber to have a sunscreen or heat insulation function, or adding an ultraviolet absorber to have an ultraviolet shielding function, or at least one layer of the multilayer structure has a higher plasticizer content to have a sound insulation function. This application does not impose strict restrictions on this.

[0093] Please refer to Figure 6 and Figure 7 , Figure 7 for Figure 6 The stress distribution curve of the first embodiment of the laminated glass in the thickness direction is shown, wherein the stress of the single glass is taken as the vertical axis, the thickness direction of the laminated glass is taken as the horizontal axis, the compressive stress is a negative value, and the tensile stress is a positive value.

[0094] The outer glass plate 21 has a first surface compressive stress σ1, a second surface compressive stress σ2, and a first internal tensile stress σ12 in the thickness direction. The first surface 211 has the first surface compressive stress σ1. The second surface 212 has the second surface compressive stress σ2. The interior of the outer glass plate 21 has a first internal tensile stress σ12.

[0095] The inner glass plate 22 has a third surface compressive stress σ3, a fourth surface compressive stress σ4, and a second internal tensile stress σ34 in the thickness direction. The third surface 221 has the third surface compressive stress σ3. The fourth surface 222 has the fourth surface compressive stress σ4. The interior of the inner glass plate 22 has the second internal tensile stress σ34.

[0096] It should be noted that the first internal tensile stress σ12 of the outer glass plate 21 is the maximum tensile stress of the third stress layer 13 of the outer glass plate 21 (i.e., one single glass 10). The second internal tensile stress σ34 of the inner glass plate 22 is the maximum tensile stress of the third stress layer 13 of the inner glass plate 22 (i.e., one single glass 10). One of the first surface compressive stress σ1 and the second surface compressive stress σ2 of the outer glass plate 21 is equal to the maximum compressive stress of the first stress layer 11 of the outer glass plate 21 (i.e., one single glass 10), and the other is equal to the maximum compressive stress of the second stress layer 12 of the outer glass plate 21 (i.e., one single glass 10). The third surface compressive stress σ3 is equal to the maximum compressive stress of the second stress layer 12 of the outer glass plate 21, and the fourth surface compressive stress σ4 is equal to the maximum compressive stress of the first stress layer 11 of the outer glass plate 21.

[0097] In this embodiment, Figure 7 As shown, the first surface compressive stress σ1 of the outer glass plate 21 is equal to the maximum compressive stress of the first stress layer 11 of the outer glass plate 21, and the second surface compressive stress σ2 is equal to the maximum compressive stress of the second stress layer 12 of the outer glass plate 21. The first surface compressive stress σ1 is less than the second surface compressive stress σ2. The third surface compressive stress σ3 of the inner glass plate 22 is greater than the fourth surface compressive stress σ4. The third surface compressive stress σ3 is equal to the maximum compressive stress of the second stress layer 12 of the outer glass plate 21, and the fourth surface compressive stress σ4 is equal to the maximum compressive stress of the first stress layer 11 of the outer glass plate 21, that is, the third surface compressive stress σ3 is equal to the second surface compressive stress σ2, and the fourth surface compressive stress σ4 is equal to the first surface compressive stress σ1. The first internal tensile stress σ12 of the outer glass plate 21 is equal to the second internal tensile stress σ34 of the inner glass plate 22. It can be understood that the stress distribution of the outer glass plate 21 and the stress distribution of the inner glass plate 22 are symmetrical about the bonding layer 23.

[0098] It should be noted that when a pedestrian collides with the laminated glass 20, the pedestrian's head first contacts the first surface 211 of the outer glass plate 21. If the laminated glass 20 is not broken, the pedestrian's head will be subjected to a huge impact from the laminated glass 20. If the laminated glass 20 is broken, the pedestrian's head will partially or completely pass through the fourth surface 222 of the inner glass plate 22. In order to quantify the impact on the pedestrian's head, the HIC value is used to evaluate the severity of the collision between the pedestrian's head and the laminated glass 20. Among them, if the HIC value is high, the risk of serious injury to the pedestrian's head is high. If the HIC value is low, the risk of serious injury to the pedestrian's head is low.

[0099] This embodiment uses Figure 6Taking the laminated glass 20 as an example, different first surface compressive stress σ1 and second surface compressive stress σ2 of the outer glass plate 21, and different third surface compressive stress σ3 and fourth surface compressive stress σ4 of the inner glass plate 22 are selected for testing, and the head injury index (HIC value) of the laminated glass 20 to the pedestrian's head is recorded in Table 1, and by determining whether the HIC value exceeds 650, it is determined whether the laminated glass 20 meets the requirements for pedestrian protection. Among them, the outer glass plate 21 and the inner glass plate 22 in the laminated glass 20 are both made of ordinary white glass with a thickness of 2.1 mm, and the bonding layer 23 in the laminated glass 20 is made of transparent PVB with a thickness of 0.76 mm.

[0100] Table 1: HIC value results of the laminated glass 20 of Comparative Examples 1-4 and Examples 1-5

[0101]

[0102] From Table 1, we can see that;

[0103] The inner glass plate 22 and the outer glass plate 21 of Comparative Examples 1 and 2 are both single-piece glasses 10 with symmetrical stress distribution in the thickness direction. In Comparative Example 1, the first surface compressive stress σ1 of the outer glass plate 21, the second surface compressive stress σ2 of the outer glass plate 21, the third surface compressive stress σ3 of the inner glass plate 22, and the fourth surface compressive stress σ4 of the inner glass plate 22 are all equal and are all 5 MPa. The HIC value of the laminated glass 20 in Comparative Example 1 is greater than 1500. In Comparative Example 2, the first surface compressive stress σ1 of the outer glass plate 21, the second surface compressive stress σ2 of the outer glass plate 21, the third surface compressive stress σ3 of the inner glass plate 22, and the fourth surface compressive stress σ4 of the inner glass plate 22 are all equal and are all 10 MPa. The HIC value of the laminated glass 20 in Comparative Example 2 is greater than 5000, so the laminated glass 20 in Comparative Examples 1 and 2 cannot meet the requirements for pedestrian protection.

[0104] The inner glass plate 22 and the outer glass plate 21 of Comparative Example 3 are both single-piece glass 10 with symmetrical stress distribution in the thickness direction. In Comparative Example 3, the first surface compressive stress σ1 of the outer glass plate 21 is equal to the second surface compressive stress σ2 of the outer glass plate 21, and both are 10 MPa, and the third surface compressive stress σ3 of the inner glass plate 22 is equal to the fourth surface compressive stress σ4 of the inner glass plate 22, and both are 2 MPa. Although the third surface compressive stress σ3 and the fourth surface compressive stress σ4 of the inner glass plate 22 are much smaller than the first surface compressive stress σ1 and the second surface compressive stress σ2 of the outer glass plate 21, the HIC value of the laminated glass 20 can be reduced to a certain extent, but the HIC value of the laminated glass 20 in Comparative Example 3 is still greater than 1200, so the laminated glass 20 in Comparative Example 3 cannot meet the requirements for pedestrian protection.

[0105] The inner glass plate 22 and the outer glass plate 21 of Comparative Example 4 are both single-piece glass 10 with asymmetric stress distribution in the thickness direction. In Comparative Example 4, the first surface compressive stress σ1 of the outer glass plate 21 is much greater than the second surface compressive stress σ2, and the fourth surface compressive stress σ4 of the inner glass plate 22 is much greater than the third surface compressive stress σ3. The first surface compressive stress σ1 is equal to the fourth surface compressive stress σ4, and both are 10 MPa. The second surface compressive stress σ2 is equal to the third surface compressive stress σ3, and both are 2 MPa. When a pedestrian's head collides with the laminated glass 20, the pedestrian's head first contacts the first surface 211 of the outer glass plate 21, and the laminated glass 20 is a whole. The impact force of the pedestrian's head on the first surface 211 will be transmitted to the fourth surface 222 of the inner glass plate 22. Since the fourth surface compressive stress σ4 is greater than the third surface compressive stress σ3, the greater the force required for the pedestrian's head to impact the fourth surface 222, the greater the HIC value of the laminated glass 20 is. Therefore, the laminated glass 20 in Comparative Example 4 cannot meet the requirements for pedestrian protection.

[0106] The inner glass plate 22 and the outer glass plate 21 of Examples 1 to 5 are both monolithic glasses 10 with asymmetric stress distribution in the thickness direction. In Examples 1 to 5, the first surface compressive stress σ1 of the outer glass plate 21 is less than the second surface compressive stress σ2, and the third surface compressive stress σ3 of the inner glass plate 22 is greater than the fourth surface compressive stress σ4. Among them, in Example 1, the first surface compressive stress σ1 is equal to the fourth surface compressive stress σ4, and both are 2MPa. The second surface compressive stress σ2 is equal to the third surface compressive stress σ3, and both are 4MPa. In Example 2, the first surface compressive stress σ1 and the fourth surface compressive stress σ4 are both 3MPa. The second surface compressive stress σ2 and the third surface compressive stress σ3 are both 6MPa. In Example 3, the first surface compressive stress σ1 and the fourth surface compressive stress σ4 are both 3MPa. The second surface compressive stress σ2 and the third surface compressive stress σ3 are both 10MPa. In Example 4, the first surface compressive stress σ1 and the fourth surface compressive stress σ4 are both 5MPa. The second surface compressive stress σ2 and the third surface compressive stress σ3 are both 8MPa. In Example 5, the first surface compressive stress σ1 and the fourth surface compressive stress σ4 are both 4 MPa. The second surface compressive stress σ2 and the third surface compressive stress σ3 are both 9 MPa. Therefore, in Examples 1 to 5, the HIC values ​​of the laminated glass 20 are all less than or equal to 650, and therefore, the laminated glass 20 in Examples 1 to 5 can meet the requirements for pedestrian protection.

[0107] In comparative examples 1 to 4 and embodiments 1 to 5, when the third surface compressive stress σ3 of the inner glass plate 22 is greater than the fourth surface compressive stress σ4, and the first surface compressive stress σ1 of the outer glass plate 21 is less than the second surface compressive stress σ2, the HIC value of the laminated glass 20 is less than or equal to 650, and the laminated glass 20 can meet the requirements for pedestrian protection, thereby well ensuring the safety of pedestrians and the driving safety of the vehicle 1000.

[0108] It can be seen from the test results that in order to ensure the performance and safety of the laminated glass 20, in this embodiment, the compressive stress of the first surface compressive stress σ1 of the outer glass plate 21 is preferably 1MPa to 10MPa, the compressive stress of the second surface compressive stress σ2 of the outer glass plate 21 is preferably 1MPa to 10MPa, the compressive stress of the third surface compressive stress σ3 of the inner glass plate 22 is preferably 1MPa to 10MPa, and the compressive stress of the fourth surface compressive stress σ4 of the inner glass plate 22 is preferably 1MPa to 5MPa. Among them, the absolute value of the difference between the first surface compressive stress σ1 and the second surface compressive stress σ2 is greater than or equal to 2MPa, and the absolute value of the difference between the third surface compressive stress σ3 and the fourth surface compressive stress σ4 is greater than or equal to 2MPa.

[0109] Please refer to Figure 6 and Figure 8 , Figure 8 for Figure 6 The stress distribution curve of the second embodiment of the laminated glass in the thickness direction is shown.

[0110] Different from the first embodiment described above, in this embodiment, the first surface compressive stress σ1 of the outer glass plate 21 is equal to the maximum compressive stress of the second stress layer 12 of the outer glass plate 21, and the second surface compressive stress σ2 is equal to the maximum compressive stress of the first stress layer 11 of the outer glass plate 21. The first surface compressive stress σ1 is greater than the second surface compressive stress σ2. The third surface compressive stress σ3 of the inner glass plate 22 is greater than the fourth surface compressive stress σ4. The third surface compressive stress σ3 is equal to the maximum compressive stress of the second stress layer 12 of the outer glass plate 21, and the fourth surface compressive stress σ4 is equal to the maximum compressive stress of the first stress layer 11 of the outer glass plate 21, that is, the third surface compressive stress σ3 is equal to the first surface compressive stress σ1, and the fourth surface compressive stress σ4 is equal to the second surface compressive stress σ2. The first internal tensile stress σ12 of the outer glass plate 21 is equal to the second internal tensile stress σ34 of the inner glass plate 22. It can be understood that the stress distribution of the outer glass plate 21 is the same as the stress distribution of the inner glass plate 22, and the stress distribution of the outer glass plate 21 and the stress distribution of the inner glass plate 22 are asymmetric with respect to the bonding layer 23.

[0111] This embodiment uses Figure 6Taking the laminated glass 20 as an example, different first surface compressive stress σ1 and second surface compressive stress σ2 of the outer glass plate 21, and different third surface compressive stress σ3 and fourth surface compressive stress σ4 of the inner glass plate 22 are selected for testing, and the head injury index (HIC value) of the laminated glass 20 to the pedestrian's head is recorded in Table 2, and whether the laminated glass 20 meets the requirements for pedestrian protection is determined by determining whether the HIC value exceeds 650. Among them, the outer glass plate 21 and the inner glass plate 22 in the laminated glass 20 are both made of ordinary white glass with a thickness of 2.1 mm, and the bonding layer 23 in the laminated glass 20 is made of transparent PVB with a thickness of 0.76 mm.

[0112] Table 2: HIC value results of the laminated glass 20 of Examples 6-10

[0113]

[0114] From Table 2, we can see that:

[0115] The inner glass plate 22 and the outer glass plate 21 of Examples 6 to 10 are both single-piece glasses 10 with asymmetric stress distribution in the thickness direction. In Examples 6 to 10, the first surface compressive stress σ1 of the outer glass plate 21 is greater than the second surface compressive stress σ2, and the third surface compressive stress σ3 of the inner glass plate 22 is greater than the fourth surface compressive stress σ4. Among them, in Example 6, the first surface compressive stress σ1 is equal to the third surface compressive stress σ3, and both are 10MPa. The second surface compressive stress σ2 is equal to the fourth surface compressive stress σ4, and both are 5MPa. In Example 7, the first surface compressive stress σ1 and the third surface compressive stress σ3 are both 8MPa. The second surface compressive stress σ2 and the fourth surface compressive stress σ4 are both 3MPa. In Example 8, the first surface compressive stress σ1 and the third surface compressive stress σ3 are both 7MPa. The second surface compressive stress σ2 and the fourth surface compressive stress σ4 are both 4MPa. In Example 9, the first surface compressive stress σ1 and the third surface compressive stress σ3 are both 5MPa. The second surface compressive stress σ2 and the fourth surface compressive stress σ4 are both 4 MPa. In Example 10, the first surface compressive stress σ1 and the third surface compressive stress σ3 are both 4 MPa. The second surface compressive stress σ2 and the fourth surface compressive stress σ4 are both 2 MPa. Therefore, in Examples 6 to 10, the HIC values ​​of the laminated glass 20 are all less than or equal to 650, and therefore, the laminated glass 20 in Examples 6 to 10 can meet the requirements for pedestrian protection.

[0116] In Examples 6 to 10, when the third surface compressive stress σ3 of the inner glass plate 22 is greater than the fourth surface compressive stress σ4, and the first surface compressive stress σ1 of the outer glass plate 21 is greater than the second surface compressive stress σ2, the HIC value of the laminated glass 20 is less than or equal to 650, and the laminated glass 20 can meet the requirements for pedestrian protection, thereby well ensuring the safety of pedestrians and the driving safety of the vehicle 1000.

[0117] It should be noted that the contents in this embodiment that are the same as those in the above-mentioned first embodiment will not be repeated.

[0118] See also Fig. 9 , Fig. 9 A simplified schematic diagram of the structure of a vehicle provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0119] The embodiment of the present application provides a vehicle 1000. According to the purpose of the vehicle 1000, the vehicle 1000 can be divided into a car, a bus or a truck. According to the power of the vehicle 1000, the vehicle 1000 can be divided into a fuel vehicle, a pure electric vehicle, a hybrid vehicle and a fuel cell vehicle. In this embodiment, the vehicle 1000 is described by taking a car as an example.

[0120] In the embodiment of the present application, the vehicle 1000 includes a window glass 100 and a vehicle body 300. The window glass 100 is mounted on the vehicle body 300. The window glass 100 may be a laminated glass 20 or a single-piece glass 10. The window glass 100 may be, but is not limited to, a front windshield, a side window glass, a triangular window glass, a rear windshield, and a sunroof glass of the vehicle 1000. Exemplarily, when the window glass 100 is used as the front windshield, the window glass 100 is a laminated glass. When the window glass 100 is used as the side window glass, the triangular window glass, the rear windshield, and the sunroof glass, the window glass 100 may be a laminated glass 20 or a single-piece glass 10.

[0121] In this embodiment, the window glass 100 is described by taking the front windshield as an example. When the front windshield is installed on the vehicle body 300, the first surface 211 of the outer glass plate 21 in the front windshield faces the outside of the vehicle 1000 and serves as the outer surface of the front windshield. The fourth surface 222 of the inner glass plate 22 in the front windshield faces the inside of the vehicle 1000 and serves as the inner surface of the front windshield. When a pedestrian collides with the front windshield, since the HIC value of the front windshield is less than or equal to 650, the front windshield meets the requirements for pedestrian protection, thereby well ensuring the safety of pedestrians and the driving safety of the vehicle 1000.

[0122] The embodiments of the present application are introduced in detail above. Specific examples are used in this article to illustrate the principles and implementation methods of the present application. The description of the above embodiments is only used to help understand the method and core idea of ​​the present application. At the same time, for general technical personnel in this field, according to the idea of ​​the present application, there will be changes in the specific implementation method and application scope. In summary, the content of this specification should not be understood as a limitation on the present application.

Claims

1. A single-piece glass, characterized in that: The single-piece glass comprises a first stress layer, a second stress layer and a third stress layer, wherein the third stress layer is connected to the first stress layer and the second stress layer along the thickness direction of the single-piece glass, and the thickness of the first stress layer is less than the thickness of the second stress layer; The first stress layer and the second stress layer both have compressive stress, the maximum compressive stress of the first stress layer is less than the maximum compressive stress of the second stress layer, the third stress layer has tensile stress, and the tensile stress of the third stress layer is equal to the sum of the compressive stress of the first stress layer and the compressive stress of the second stress layer.

2. The single-pane glass according to claim 1, characterized in that: Along the thickness direction of the single-piece glass, the single-piece glass also includes an intermediate surface and a tensile stress interface, the intermediate surface and the tensile stress interface are both located in the third stress layer, the intermediate surface is the geometric center plane of the single-piece glass, the single-piece glass has a maximum tensile stress at the position of the tensile stress interface, and the intermediate surface and the tensile stress interface do not overlap.

3. The single-pane glass according to claim 2, characterized in that: The tensile stress interface is located between the intermediate surface and the first stress layer.

4. The single-pane glass according to claim 2, characterized in that: The single-piece glass further includes an outer surface and an inner surface, the outer surface and the inner surface are arranged opposite to each other along the thickness direction of the single-piece glass, the outer surface is arranged at the first stress layer, the inner surface is arranged at the second stress layer, and the compressive stress of the single-piece glass on the outer surface is less than the compressive stress of the single-piece glass on the inner surface; A straight-line distance from the tensile stress interface to the outer surface is smaller than a straight-line distance from the tensile stress interface to the inner surface.

5. The single-pane glass according to claim 4, characterized in that: The single piece of glass is cooled by an asymmetric cooling process on the outer surface and the inner surface.

6. The single-pane glass according to claim 1, characterized in that: A ratio of a sum of a thickness of the first stress layer and a thickness of the second stress layer to a thickness of the single-piece glass is greater than or equal to 0.32 and less than or equal to 0.

52.

7. The single-pane glass according to claim 1, characterized in that: A ratio of a sum of a thickness of the first stress layer and a thickness of the second stress layer to a thickness of the single-piece glass is greater than or equal to 0.38 and less than or equal to 0.

45.

8. The single-pane glass according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: The HIC value of the single-piece glass is less than or equal to 650.

9. A laminated glass, characterized in that: The invention comprises an outer glass plate, an inner glass plate and an adhesive layer, wherein the outer glass plate comprises a first surface and a second surface, the first surface and the second surface are arranged opposite to each other along the thickness direction of the outer glass plate, the inner glass plate comprises a third surface and a fourth surface, the third surface and the fourth surface are arranged opposite to each other along the thickness direction of the inner glass plate, the adhesive layer is connected to the second surface and the third surface, and the outer glass plate and the inner glass plate are both single-piece glass according to any one of claims 1 to 8; The first surface has a first surface compressive stress, the second surface has a second surface compressive stress, the third surface has a third surface compressive stress, and the fourth surface has a fourth surface compressive stress; One of the first surface compressive stress and the second surface compressive stress is equal to the maximum compressive stress of the first stress layer, and the other is equal to the maximum compressive stress of the second stress layer; The third surface compressive stress is equal to the maximum compressive stress of the second stress layer, and the fourth surface compressive stress is equal to the maximum compressive stress of the first stress layer.

10. The laminated glass according to claim 9, characterized in that: The first surface compressive stress is equal to the maximum compressive stress of the first stress layer, and the second surface compressive stress is equal to the maximum compressive stress of the second stress layer.

11. The laminated glass according to claim 10, characterized in that: The first surface compressive stress is equal to the fourth surface compressive stress, and the second surface compressive stress is equal to the third surface compressive stress.

12. The laminated glass according to claim 9, characterized in that: The first surface compressive stress is equal to the maximum compressive stress of the second stress layer, and the second surface compressive stress is equal to the maximum compressive stress of the first stress layer.

13. The laminated glass according to claim 12, characterized in that: The first surface compressive stress is equal to the third surface compressive stress, and the second surface compressive stress is equal to the fourth surface compressive stress.

14. The laminated glass according to claim 9, characterized in that: The outer glass plate has a first internal tensile stress, the inner glass plate has a second internal tensile stress, the first internal tensile stress is equal to the second internal tensile stress, and the first internal tensile stress is equal to the maximum tensile stress of the third stress layer.

15. The laminated glass according to any one of claims 9 to 14, characterized in that: The first surface compressive stress is 1MPa to 10MPa, the second surface compressive stress is 1MPa to 10MPa, the third surface compressive stress is 1MPa to 10MPa, and the fourth surface compressive stress is 1MPa to 5MPa; An absolute value of a difference between the first surface compressive stress and the second surface compressive stress is greater than or equal to 2 MPa, and an absolute value of a difference between the third surface compressive stress and the fourth surface compressive stress is greater than or equal to 2 MPa.

16. A vehicle, characterized in that: The invention comprises a vehicle body and window glass, wherein the window glass is a single-layer glass as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 8 or a laminated glass as claimed in any one of claims 9 to 15, and the window glass is installed on the vehicle body.

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