High-temperature vacuum Rockwell hardness tester

Abstract

The invention provides a high-temperature vacuum Rockwell hardness tester. The high-temperature vacuum Rockwell hardness tester mainly comprises an L-shaped rack, a high-temperature vacuum environment test cabin, a vacuum acquisition device, a load loading and displacement measuring device and a computer control system, a mechanical loading part is independently designed, a standard Vickers diamond indenter is adopted as a standard Rockwell indenter, a welding material of the standard Rockwell indenter is made of nickel-based superalloy and cubic boron nitride, the indenter and the welding material are high in high-temperature resistance and oxidation resistance and smooth in surface, a sample tissue can be prevented from being adhered to the indenter during multiple tests at high temperature, and the test accuracy is improved. Meanwhile, a differential transformer type displacement sensor is directly connected to the loading rod, the indentation depth can be measured in real time according to primary indentation, secondary indentation, pressure maintaining time and the like, software is accurately substituted for calculation, and the testing precision is guaranteed. The device is simple in structure, small in size, high in automation degree, capable of achieving high-vacuum, high-temperature and multi-atmosphere environment measurement and low in manufacturing cost.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to a Rockwell hardness testing device, in particular to a high-temperature vacuum Rockwell hardness tester. Background Art

[0002] With the increasing requirements for material performance in the fields of manufacturing, materials science, aerospace, etc., the demand for hardness testing in high-temperature vacuum environments is growing. However, most of the existing high-temperature hardness testers on the market are based on traditional Rockwell hardness testers and are equipped with high-temperature furnaces on the sample table without environmental atmosphere protection, which causes oxidation, annealing, burning and other phenomena that affect the hardness of the material surface during the test, resulting in large errors in the test results. At the same time, traditional Rockwell hardness testers mostly use ruler pointer display or optical microscope measurement to measure the indentation depth. However, since the material is easy to soften and deform in a high temperature environment, the material organization is sensitive to unevenness, resulting in scattered test results and poor measurement repeatability. Moreover, when using an optical microscope to test the indentation depth, it is difficult to achieve accurate measurement due to the influence of high-temperature radiation and the oxide layer on the surface of the material.

[0003] Specifically, patent CN113075022 B discloses a high-temperature hardness tester for continuous high-temperature hardness testing, in which a high-temperature furnace pressure head is provided with high-temperature resistant glass, and the indentation size is observed by a microscope outside the furnace through a high-temperature resistant glass observation window. In actual application, this method has to face the high-temperature furnace directly at the glass window, which is easily burned and roasted to affect the brightness, and the temperature difference between the inside and outside of the furnace is large, and the glass surface is very easy to form fog to affect the observation, resulting in large errors in the test results or even impossible to measure. The high-temperature Rockwell hardness tester disclosed in patent CN205826442 U and the high-temperature hardness tester disclosed in patent CN 201965064 U are both based on the traditional hardness tester host structure with the addition of a high-temperature furnace and a vacuum sealing box, and the vacuum sealing chamber and furnace body of patents CN113075022 B and CN 201965064 U are both located at the sample table, with a small operating space and a low degree of automation, and personnel are very likely to be scalded when operating in the high-temperature zone. At the same time, as mentioned above, the test material is easy to soften and deform under high temperature environment, which makes the material structure sensitive to inhomogeneity. Most high-temperature indenter materials will have the sample structure adhered to the indenter during the pressing and holding process, and the indentation depth data due to thermal expansion cannot be displayed and stored in real time, resulting in large errors in multiple test results. Therefore, it is urgent to design a device that can accurately measure the Rockwell hardness of materials in a high-temperature vacuum environment. Summary of the invention

[0004] Based on the above, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a high temperature vacuum Rockwell hardness tester to solve the defects of the existing Rockwell hardness tester such as inaccurate measurement, difficult operation, large space occupation and high cost.

[0005] To achieve its purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions: A high temperature vacuum Rockwell hardness tester, comprising an L-shaped frame, a high temperature vacuum environment test chamber, a vacuum acquisition device, a load loading and displacement measuring device and a computer control system; The longitudinal part of the L-shaped frame is provided with a lifting platform, the lifting platform is provided with a lifting mechanism, the upper surface of the transverse part away from the longitudinal part is provided with a high-temperature vacuum environment test chamber, and one side of the shell of the high-temperature vacuum environment test chamber is respectively sealed and installed with a pressure gauge, a safety valve, a water inlet and outlet quick interface, a composite vacuum gauge and a vacuum acquisition port; the top of the high-temperature vacuum environment test chamber is provided with a load loading device; The load loading and displacement measuring device comprises a loading rod, a tension and compression sensor and a telescopic bellows. The loading rod is designed as a two-stage type and is connected through a tension and compression sensor with a double screw. An integrated loading rod connecting flange is provided at the bottom of the upper half of the loading rod. The integrated loading rod connecting flange is connected to the top of the telescopic bellows through the upper connecting flange of the telescopic bellows. A sealed aviation plug for the tension and compression sensor signal line to enter and exit is provided on the upper connecting flange of the telescopic bellows. The bottom of the telescopic bellows is sealed and connected to the high-temperature vacuum environment test chamber through the lower connecting flange of the telescopic bellows. The tension and compression sensor is placed in a Inside the telescopic bellows, the lower screw is rigidly connected to the top of the lower half of the loading rod, and the bottom end of the lower half of the loading rod is inserted into the high-temperature vacuum environment test chamber, and the standard Rockwell indenter can be detachably installed; the upper half of the loading rod is installed on one end of the horizontal fixed beam through a linear bearing, and a reset spring is installed on the outer periphery of the loading rod located above the horizontal fixed beam, and a displacement sensor is installed at the end of the horizontal fixed beam close to one end of the high-temperature vacuum environment test chamber; a displacement test platform is horizontally arranged on the loading rod between the loading rod connection flange and the fixed beam, and the measuring end of the displacement sensor is in contact with the upper surface of the displacement test platform; The end of the fixed beam away from the high-temperature vacuum environment test chamber is horizontally installed on the lifting mechanism, and a bearing seat is provided on the top of the end. A loading beam is installed on the bearing seat through a rotating shaft. One end of the loading beam is rotatably connected to a spring loading device installed on the fixed beam through a screw rod, and the other end is connected to the top of the reset spring on the top of the fixed beam through a pressure-bearing steel ball; the spring loading device is driven by a loading servo motor at the bottom; An X-axis translation stage is installed at the bottom of the high-temperature vacuum environment test chamber, a Y-axis translation stage is installed on the X-axis translation stage, a sample stage is provided on the top of the Y-axis translation stage, an insulating water jacket is provided between the sample stage and the Y-axis translation stage, and quick-plug water inlets and outlets are provided at both ends of the insulating water jacket; a water cooling jacket is provided at the top of the high-temperature vacuum environment test chamber, and the quick-plug water inlet and outlet are connected to both ends of the water cooling jacket through high-temperature resistant flexible water pipes; a mounting platform is provided on the top of the insulating water jacket, and a plurality of circular hollow holes are provided on the mounting platform, and ceramic heating rods and thermocouples are installed in the holes; a special-shaped fixing platform is provided on the rear half of the upper surface of the mounting platform, and the sample to be tested is placed in the middle of the platform, and after being clamped in the diamond-shaped space with a movable special-shaped sample fixture, the movable special-shaped sample fixture is fastened to the special-shaped fixing platform by bolts; the ceramic heating rod and the thermocouple are electrically connected to the temperature controller through a vacuum aviation plug using heat-resistant wires; The vacuum acquisition device includes an external vacuum pump group and a vacuum gauge, the vacuum pump group is connected to the high-temperature vacuum environment test chamber through a vacuum acquisition port, and the vacuum gauge is connected to the composite vacuum gauge; The signal input end of the computer control system is electrically connected to the tension and compression sensor, the displacement sensor, and the vacuum gauge respectively, and the signal output end of the computer control system is electrically connected to the Z-axis stepper motor, the X-axis stepper motor, the Y-axis stepper motor, and the vacuum pump group respectively; the thermocouple is electrically connected to the signal input end of the temperature controller, the signal output end of the temperature controller is electrically connected to the signal input end of the computer control system, and the signal output end of the computer control system is electrically connected to the ceramic heating rod.

[0006] As a further improvement of the technical solution of the present invention, the screw rod passes through the loading beam and extends out of the spring loading device and is connected to the main shaft of the loading servo motor through a coupling.

[0007] Furthermore, the outside of the spring loading device is a cylindrical shell, the inner wall of the cylindrical shell is provided with a threaded groove, the inside of the spring loading device is provided with a loading threaded block that cooperates with the screw rod, the loading spring is clamped between the loading threaded block and the cylindrical shell, and a top block is provided on the top of the loading spring.

[0008] Furthermore, the high-temperature vacuum environment test chamber is a front-opening structure, a door is installed at the front opening through a door hinge, a high-temperature resistant sealing ring is provided at the contact and closing portion between the cabin body and the door, and the vacuum chamber door is locked to the cabin body through a door lock.

[0009] Furthermore, the X-axis translation stage lead screw is connected to the X-axis stepper motor main shaft via an X-axis coupling through a first rotating magnetic seal, and the Y-axis translation stage lead screw is connected to the Y-axis stepper motor main shaft via a Y-axis coupling through a second rotating magnetic seal.

[0010] Furthermore, the X-direction stepper motor is installed on the L-shaped frame through an X-direction motor mounting plate, and the Y-direction stepper motor is installed on the L-shaped frame through a Y-direction motor mounting plate.

[0011] Furthermore, the bottom surface of the horizontal bottom plate of the L-shaped rack is provided with supporting feet.

[0012] Furthermore, the longitudinal portion of the L-shaped frame is mounted on the lifting platform via a lifting platform mounting plate arranged in parallel.

[0013] Furthermore, a displacement sensor is installed at an end of the horizontal fixed beam close to one end of the high-temperature vacuum environment test chamber through a displacement sensor mounting seat.

[0014] Furthermore, the lifting platform is driven by a stepper motor installed on the top end via a lifting coupling.

[0015] By adopting the above technical solution, the beneficial effects achieved by the present invention are: 1. The present invention independently designs the mechanical loading part, and adopts the standard Vickers diamond indenter as the standard Rockwell indenter. The welding material of the standard Rockwell indenter adopts nickel-based high-temperature alloy plus cubic boron nitride. The indenter and the welding material have strong high temperature resistance and oxidation resistance, and the surface is smooth, which can prevent the sample tissue from adhering to the indenter during multiple tests at high temperature. At the same time, a differential transformer displacement sensor is directly connected to the loading rod, which can measure the indentation depth in real time according to the initial indentation, the secondary indentation and the holding time, and accurately substitute it into the software calculation to ensure the test accuracy.

[0016] 2. The present invention has a simple structure, a small volume, a high degree of automation, can realize high vacuum, high temperature and multi-atmosphere environment measurement, and has a low cost. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of a high temperature vacuum Rockwell hardness tester of the present invention; Figure 2 A half-section view of a high-temperature vacuum Rockwell hardness tester of the present invention; Figure 3 It is a rear view of the high temperature vacuum Rockwell hardness tester of the present invention; Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the sample stage in the present invention; Figure numerals: 1, foot; 2, L-shaped frame; 3, lifting platform mounting plate; 4, high temperature vacuum environment test chamber; 5, pressure gauge; 6, safety valve; 7, high temperature resistant sealing ring; 8, cabin door; 9, cabin door hinge; 10, door lock; 11, water inlet and outlet quick interface; 12, composite vacuum gauge; 13, connecting flange on telescopic bellows; 14, loading rod connecting flange; 15, displacement sensor mounting seat; 16, displacement sensor; 17, displacement test platform; 18, fixed beam; 19, reset spring; 20, loading beam; 21, bearing seat; 22, spring loading device; 23, screw rod; 24, lifting platform; 25, Z-axis stepping motor; 26, lifting coupling; 27, lifting mechanism; 28, X-axis translation stage; 29, Y-axis translation stage; 30, sample stage: 30-1, insulating water jacket, 30-2, bolt, 30-3, quick plug-in water inlet and outlet, 30 -4, special-shaped sample fixture, 30-5, sample to be tested, 30-6, special-shaped fixing table, 30-7, ceramic heating rod, 30-8, thermocouple, 30-9, mounting table; 31, flexible water pipe; 32, vacuum acquisition port; 33, water cooling jacket; 34, standard Rockwell pressure head; 35, lower connecting flange of telescopic bellows; 36, telescopic bellows; 37, tension and compression sensor; 38, aviation plug; 39, linear bearing; 40, adding Carrying rod; 41. Pressure-bearing steel ball; 42. Rotating shaft; 43. Loading spring; 44. Top block; 45. Loading threaded block; 46. Coupling; 47. Loading servo motor; 48. X-axis magnetic seal; 49. X-axis coupling; 50. X-axis stepper motor; 51. X-axis motor mounting plate; 52. Y-axis motor mounting plate; 53. Y-axis stepper motor; 54. Y-axis coupling; 55. Y-axis magnetic seal; 56. Vacuum aviation plug. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0018] The structure and working process of the present invention are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0019] The computer control system of the present invention adopts Advantech 610L or a business computer with a PCIE card slot. The PCIE slot of the computer motherboard is installed with a PCIE data acquisition card and a motion control card, which are used to realize the acquisition of experimental data and the motion control of the motor respectively; the temperature controller is purchased from Beijing Jinlishi Instrument Co., Ltd., and has a PID microcomputer control setting system, which can realize 1 stage of temperature regulation control at the same time. The X and Y translation stages are purchased from Shanghai Lianyi, and the composite vacuum gauge 12 is purchased from Beijing Zhongke Instrument Co., Ltd.; the standard Rockwell indenter 34 tip indenter adopts a standard Vickers diamond indenter, and the welding material adopts nickel-based high-temperature alloy plus cubic boron nitride.

[0020] Reference Figure 1-4The present invention provides a high-temperature vacuum Rockwell hardness tester, which includes an L-shaped frame 2, a high-temperature vacuum environment test chamber 4, a vacuum acquisition device, a load loading and displacement measuring device and a computer control system. The bottom surface of the horizontal bottom plate of the L-shaped frame 2 is provided with six legs 1. The longitudinal part of the L-shaped frame 2 is installed with a lifting platform 24 through a parallel lifting platform mounting plate 3. The lifting platform 24 is driven by a stepper motor 25 installed on the top by a lifting coupling 26. A lifting mechanism 27 is provided on the lifting platform 24. A high-temperature vacuum environment test chamber 4 is provided on the upper surface of the transverse part away from the end of the longitudinal part. A pressure gauge 5, a safety valve 6, a water inlet and outlet quick interface 11, a composite vacuum gauge 12 and a vacuum acquisition port 32 are respectively sealed and installed on one side of the shell of the high-temperature vacuum environment test chamber 4; a load loading and displacement measuring device is provided on the top of the high-temperature vacuum environment test chamber 4.

[0021] Specifically, the high-temperature vacuum environment test chamber 4 is a front-opening structure, and a door 8 is installed at the front opening through a door hinge 9 to ensure the normal opening and closing of the door 8; a high-temperature resistant sealing ring 7 is provided at the contact and closing portion between the cabin body and the door 8. When the door 8 is closed during the test, a compression seal is formed between the door body and the sealing ring 7; the vacuum chamber door 8 is locked to the cabin body through a door lock 10.

[0022] The load loading and displacement measuring device includes a loading rod 40, a tension and compression sensor 37 and a telescopic bellows 36. The loading rod 40 is designed as a two-stage type and is connected through a tension and compression sensor 37 with a double screw. An integrated loading rod connecting flange 14 is provided at the bottom of the upper half of the loading rod 40. The integrated loading rod connecting flange 14 is connected to the top of the telescopic bellows 36 through the upper connecting flange 13 of the telescopic bellows. A sealed aviation plug 38 for the signal line of the tension and compression sensor 37 to enter and exit is provided on the upper connecting flange 13 of the telescopic bellows. The bottom of the telescopic bellows 36 is sealed and connected to the high-temperature vacuum environment test chamber 4 through the lower connecting flange 35 of the telescopic bellows. The tension and compression sensor 37 is placed inside the telescopic bellows 36, and its lower screw is rigidly connected to the top of the lower half of the loading rod 40. After the bottom end of the half section is extended into the interior of the high-temperature vacuum environment test chamber 4, the standard Rockwell indenter 34 can be removably installed; the upper half of the loading rod 40 is installed on one end of the horizontal fixed beam 18 through a linear bearing 39, and the outer periphery of the loading rod 40 located above the horizontal fixed beam 18 is equipped with a reset spring 19 to facilitate the reset of the loading rod after unloading, and the end of the horizontal fixed beam 18 close to one end of the high-temperature vacuum environment test chamber 4 is installed with a displacement sensor mounting seat 15; a displacement test platform 17 is horizontally arranged on the loading rod 40 between the loading rod connecting flange 14 and the fixed beam 18, and the measuring end of the displacement sensor 16 is in contact with the upper surface of the displacement test platform 17. When the loading rod 40 moves up and down, the displacement sensor 16 can measure the indentation depth through the movement of the displacement test platform 17.

[0023] The end of the fixed beam 18 away from the high-temperature vacuum environment test chamber 4 is horizontally installed on the lifting mechanism 27, and a bearing seat 21 is provided on the top of the end. The loading beam 20 is installed on the bearing seat 21 through a rotating shaft 42. One end of the loading beam 20 is rotatably connected to the spring loading device 22 installed on the fixed beam 18 through a screw rod 23, and the other end is connected to the top of the reset spring 19 on the top of the fixed beam 18 through a pressure-bearing steel ball 41; the screw rod 23 passes through the loading beam 20 and extends out of the spring loading device 22, and is connected to the main shaft of the loading servo motor 47 through a coupling 46.

[0024] Specifically, the spring loading device 22 has a cylindrical outer shell on the outside, a threaded groove is provided on the inner wall of the cylindrical outer shell, a loading threaded block 45 matched with the screw rod 23 is provided inside the spring loading device 22, a loading spring 43 is sandwiched between the loading threaded block 45 and the cylindrical outer shell, and a top block 44 is provided on the top of the loading spring 43. When the loading servo motor 47 drives the screw rod 23 to rotate, the loading threaded block 45 moves upward, compresses the loading spring 43 and elastically pushes the top block 44 to make the left end of the loading beam 20 move upward, and the pressure-bearing steel ball 41 at the right end of the loading beam 20 applies a load to the loading rod 40, completing the test loading.

[0025] An X-axis translation stage 28 is installed at the bottom of the high-temperature vacuum environment test chamber 4 , a Y-axis translation stage 29 is installed on the X-axis translation stage 28 , and a sample stage 30 is provided on the top of the Y-axis translation stage 29 .

[0026] Specifically, the lead screw of the X-axis translation stage 28 is connected to the main shaft of the X-axis stepper motor 50 by an X-axis coupling 49 through a first rotating magnetic seal 48, and the lead screw of the Y-axis translation stage 29 is connected to the main shaft of the Y-axis stepper motor 53 by a Y-axis coupling 54 through a second rotating magnetic seal 55. The X-axis stepper motor 50 is mounted on the L-shaped frame 2 through an X-axis motor mounting plate 51, and the Y-axis stepper motor 53 is mounted on the L-shaped frame 2 through a Y-axis motor mounting plate 52.

[0027] An insulating water jacket 30-1 is provided between the sample stage 30 and the Y-axis translation stage 29, and quick-plug water inlets and outlets 30-3 are provided at both ends of the insulating water jacket 30-1; a water cooling jacket 33 is provided on the top of the high-temperature vacuum environment test chamber 4 to ensure the normal use of each translation stage under high temperature, and the quick-plug water inlet and outlet 30-3 is connected to both ends of the water cooling jacket 33 through a high-temperature resistant flexible water pipe 31, and the total circulation of cooling water in the water cooling jacket 33 can be realized through the water inlet and outlet outside the high-temperature vacuum environment test chamber 4 during operation; a mounting platform 30-9 is provided on the top of the insulating water jacket 30-1, and a mounting platform 30-9 is provided for mounting The platform 30-9 is provided with a plurality of circular hollow holes, in which ceramic heating rods 30-7 and thermocouples 30-8 are installed; a special-shaped fixing platform 30-6 is provided on the rear half of the upper surface of the mounting platform 30-9, and the test sample 30-5 is placed in the middle of the platform, and after being clamped in the diamond-shaped space with the movable special-shaped sample fixture 30-4, the movable special-shaped sample fixture 30-4 is fastened to the special-shaped fixing platform 30-6 by bolts 30-2; the ceramic heating rods 30-7 and the thermocouples 30-8 are electrically connected to the temperature controller through the vacuum aviation plug 56 using heat-resistant wires.

[0028] The vacuum acquisition device includes an external vacuum pump group and a vacuum gauge, the vacuum pump group is connected to the high temperature vacuum environment test chamber 4 through the vacuum acquisition port 32, and the vacuum gauge is connected to the composite vacuum gauge 12. Specifically, the vacuum pump group includes a mechanical pump, a molecular pump and a solenoid valve.

[0029] The signal input end of the computer control system is electrically connected to the tension and compression sensor 37, the displacement sensor 16, and the vacuum gauge respectively; the signal output end of the computer control system is electrically connected to the Z-axis stepper motor 25, the X-axis stepper motor 50, the Y-axis stepper motor 53, and the vacuum pump group respectively; the thermocouple 30-8 is electrically connected to the signal input end of the temperature controller, the signal output end of the temperature controller is electrically connected to the signal input end of the computer control system, and the signal output end of the computer control system is electrically connected to the ceramic heating rod 30-7.

[0030] When testing the Rockwell hardness of the sample to be tested, the door lock 10 is opened, the door 8 of the high temperature vacuum environment test chamber 4 is opened, the sample to be tested 30-5 is placed in the center of the special-shaped fixing table 30-6, and is clamped with the special-shaped sample fixture 30-4 and fixed with the bolt 30-2, the door 8 of the high temperature vacuum environment test chamber 4 is closed, and the door lock 10 is locked. The test temperature is set by the computer control system software, the computer control system controls the ceramic heating rod 30-7 to heat through the temperature controller, the thermocouple 30-8 detects the sample heating temperature in the test chamber, and transmits the temperature signal to the computer control system. When the thermocouple 30-8 detects that the sample heating temperature in the test chamber reaches the aforementioned set temperature, the computer control system controls the ceramic heating rod 30-7 to stop heating through the temperature controller. At the same time, the test vacuum degree and the initial small load are set by the computer control system software. The computer control system controls the vacuum pump group to start, and provides a vacuum environment for the high temperature vacuum environment test chamber 4. After the vacuum gauge detects that the vacuum degree in the test chamber reaches the above-mentioned set value, the computer control system controls the vacuum pump group to close. The composite vacuum gauge 12 is mainly composed of a resistance gauge and an ionization gauge. When the vacuum degree in the test chamber is lower than 1.0E10 0 When the vacuum degree is higher than 1.0E10, only the mechanical pump in the vacuum pump group is working, and the resistance gauge in the composite vacuum gauge 12 is working; 0 When the vacuum degree reaches the test requirement, the Z-axis stepper motor 25 is started, and the Z-axis stepper motor 25 drives the spring loading device 22 to move upward through the lifting mechanism 27. The top block 44 in the spring loading device 22 tilts the loading beam 20 and drives the loading rod 40 to move downward, so that the standard Rockwell indenter 34 contacts the surface of the test sample 30-5. When the tension and compression sensor 37 detects that the loading force reaches the aforementioned set load, the indentation depth value is measured in real time by the displacement sensor 16. Repeat the aforementioned operation, set a secondary large load test and record the displacement value. Finally, the Rockwell hardness value of the material in a high temperature vacuum environment is obtained by calculation and analysis through the computer control system software.

Claims

1. A high temperature vacuum Rockwell hardness tester, characterized in that: It comprises an L-shaped frame (2), a high temperature vacuum environment test chamber (4), a vacuum acquisition device, a load loading and displacement measurement device and a computer control system; The longitudinal portion of the L-shaped frame (2) is provided with a lifting platform (24), the lifting platform (24) is provided with a lifting mechanism (27), the upper surface of the transverse portion is provided with a high-temperature vacuum environment test chamber (4) at one end away from the longitudinal portion, and a pressure gauge (5), a safety valve (6), a water inlet and outlet quick interface (11), a composite vacuum gauge (12) and a vacuum acquisition port (32) are respectively installed and sealed on one side of the shell of the high-temperature vacuum environment test chamber (4); and a load loading device is provided on the top of the high-temperature vacuum environment test chamber (4); The load loading and displacement measuring device comprises a loading rod (40), a tension and compression sensor (37) and a telescopic bellows (36); the loading rod (40) is designed as a two-stage type and is connected via a tension and compression sensor (37) with a double screw; an integrated loading rod connecting flange (14) is provided at the bottom end of the upper half of the loading rod (40); the integrated loading rod connecting flange (14) is connected to the top of the telescopic bellows (36) via an upper connecting flange (13) of the telescopic bellows; a sealed aviation plug (38) for input and output of a signal line of the tension and compression sensor (37) is provided on the upper connecting flange (13) of the telescopic bellows; the bottom of the telescopic bellows (36) is sealedly connected to a high-temperature vacuum environment test chamber (4) via a lower connecting flange (35) of the telescopic bellows; the tension and compression sensor (37) is placed on the telescopic bellows ( 36), wherein the lower screw is rigidly connected to the top of the lower half of the loading rod (40), and the bottom end of the lower half of the loading rod (40) is inserted into the high-temperature vacuum environment test chamber (4) and a standard Rockwell indenter (34) can be detachably installed; the upper half of the loading rod (40) is installed on one end of the horizontal fixed beam (18) through a linear bearing (39), and a return spring (19) is installed on the outer periphery of the loading rod (40) located above the horizontal fixed beam (18), and a displacement sensor (16) is installed at the end of the horizontal fixed beam (18) close to one end of the high-temperature vacuum environment test chamber (4); a displacement test platform (17) is horizontally arranged on the loading rod (40) between the loading rod connecting flange (14) and the fixed beam (18), and the measuring end of the displacement sensor (16) is in contact with the upper surface of the displacement test platform (17); The end of the fixed beam (18) away from the high-temperature vacuum environment test chamber (4) is horizontally mounted on the lifting mechanism (27), and a bearing seat (21) is provided on the top of the end. A loading beam (20) is mounted on the bearing seat (21) via a rotating shaft (42). One end of the loading beam (20) is rotatably connected to a spring loading device (22) mounted on the fixed beam (18) via a screw rod (23), and the other end is connected to the top of a return spring (19) at the top of the fixed beam (18) via a pressure-bearing steel ball (41); the spring loading device (22) is driven by a loading servo motor (47) at the bottom; An X-axis translation stage (28) is installed at the bottom of the high-temperature vacuum environment test chamber (4), a Y-axis translation stage (29) is installed on the X-axis translation stage (28), a sample stage (30) is provided on the top of the Y-axis translation stage (29), an insulating water jacket (30-1) is provided between the sample stage (30) and the Y-axis translation stage (29), and quick-plug water inlets and outlets (30-3) are provided at both ends of the insulating water jacket (30-1); a water cooling jacket (33) is provided at the top of the high-temperature vacuum environment test chamber (4), and the quick-plug water inlet and outlet (30-3) and the two ends of the water cooling jacket (33) are connected via high-temperature resistant flexible water pipes (31); the top of the insulating water jacket (30-1) A mounting platform (30-9) is provided, and a plurality of circular hollow holes are provided on the mounting platform (30-9), and ceramic heating rods (30-7) and thermocouples (30-8) are installed in the holes; a special-shaped fixing platform (30-6) is provided on the rear half of the upper surface of the mounting platform (30-9); a sample to be tested (30-5) is placed in the middle of the platform, and after being clamped in the diamond-shaped space with a movable special-shaped sample fixture (30-4), the movable special-shaped sample fixture (30-4) and the special-shaped fixing platform (30-6) are fastened by bolts (30-2); the ceramic heating rods (30-7) and the thermocouples (30-8) are both electrically connected to a temperature controller by means of a heat-resistant wire through a vacuum aviation plug (56); The vacuum acquisition device comprises an external vacuum pump group and a vacuum gauge, the vacuum pump group is connected to the high-temperature vacuum environment test chamber (4) through a vacuum acquisition port (32), and the vacuum gauge is connected to the composite vacuum gauge (12); The signal input end of the computer control system is electrically connected to the tension and compression sensor (37), the displacement sensor (16), and the vacuum gauge respectively, and the signal output end of the computer control system is electrically connected to the Z-axis stepping motor (25), the X-axis stepping motor (50), the Y-axis stepping motor (53), and the vacuum pump group respectively; the thermocouple (30-8) is electrically connected to the signal input end of the temperature controller, the signal output end of the temperature controller is electrically connected to the signal input end of the computer control system, and the signal output end of the computer control system is electrically connected to the ceramic heating rod (30-7).

2. A high temperature vacuum Rockwell hardness tester as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The screw rod (23) passes through the loading crossbeam (20) and extends out of the spring loading device (22), and is connected to the main shaft of the loading servo motor (47) through a coupling (46).

3. A high temperature vacuum Rockwell hardness tester as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that: The spring loading device (22) has a cylindrical outer shell on the outside, a threaded groove is provided on the inner wall of the cylindrical outer shell, a loading threaded block (45) matching with the screw rod (23) is provided inside the spring loading device (22), a loading spring (43) is sandwiched between the loading threaded block (45) and the cylindrical outer shell, and a top block (44) is provided on the top of the loading spring (43).

4. A high temperature vacuum Rockwell hardness tester as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that: The high-temperature vacuum environment test chamber (4) is a front-opening structure, a door (8) is installed at the front opening via a door hinge (9), and a high-temperature resistant sealing ring (7) is provided at the contact and closing portion between the chamber body and the door (8); the vacuum chamber door (8) is locked to the chamber body via a door lock (10).

5. A high temperature vacuum Rockwell hardness tester according to any one of claims 4, characterized in that: The lead screw of the X-direction translation stage (28) is connected to the main shaft of the X-direction stepping motor (50) by means of an X-direction coupling (49) via a first rotating magnetic seal (48), and the lead screw of the Y-direction translation stage (29) is connected to the main shaft of the Y-direction stepping motor (53) by means of a Y-direction coupling (54) via a second rotating magnetic seal (55).

6. A high temperature vacuum Rockwell hardness tester as claimed in claim 5, characterized in that: The X-direction stepping motor (50) is mounted on the L-shaped frame (2) via an X-direction motor mounting plate (51), and the Y-direction stepping motor (53) is mounted on the L-shaped frame (2) via a Y-direction motor mounting plate (52).

7. A high temperature vacuum Rockwell hardness tester according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The bottom surface of the horizontal bottom plate of the L-shaped frame (2) is provided with supporting feet (1).

8. A high temperature vacuum Rockwell hardness tester according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The longitudinal portion of the L-shaped frame (2) is mounted on a lifting platform (24) via a lifting platform mounting plate (3) arranged in parallel.

9. A high temperature vacuum Rockwell hardness tester according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: A displacement sensor (16) is installed at one end of the horizontal fixed beam (18) close to the high-temperature vacuum environment test chamber (4) via a displacement sensor installation seat (15).

10. A high temperature vacuum Rockwell hardness tester according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The lifting platform (24) is driven by a stepping motor (25) mounted on the top end via a lifting coupling (26).

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