A mobile modular ammonia hydrogen fuel cell system and power generation method

Abstract

The present application discloses a mobile modular ammonia hydrogen fuel cell system and a power generation method, including an ammonia storage module, an ammonia filling module, a hydrogen supply module and a fuel cell module; the ammonia storage module is connected to the ammonia filling module, the ammonia filling module is connected to the hydrogen supply module, and the fuel cell module is interconnected with the hydrogen supply module; the hydrogen supply module includes a plurality of reactors and burners arranged separately from each other; the fuel cell module includes a fuel cell and a lithium battery connected in series; two reactors are flue gas heating reactors, and one reactor is an electric heating reactor; the burner is connected to the flue gas heating reactor; the two flue gas heating reactors are connected to the electric heating reactor at the same time; the lithium battery is connected to the electric heating plate, and a purification unit is arranged between the electric heating reactor and the fuel cell. The mobile modular ammonia hydrogen fuel cell system can realize flexible equipment handling and rapid fuel replenishment, can realize rapid power supply in emergency situations, and has the advantages of being green, pollution-free and adaptable to a wide range of conditions.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of ammonia-hydrogen fuel cells, and in particular to a mobile modular emergency fuel cell system using ammonia as a raw material. Background Art

[0002] At present, ammonia-hydrogen fuel cells have the following main problems: 1) Emergency power supply systems are mostly used in remote mountainous areas, and short-distance manual transportation will occur during the transportation of equipment. Existing fixed ammonia-hydrogen energy equipment is large in size and heavy in weight, making it inconvenient to transport; 2) Existing ammonia-hydrogen production modules have complex structures, high manufacturing costs, and long manufacturing cycles; 3) Emergency power supply scenarios often require short-term temporary power supply. Long-term storage of emergency power supply equipment will result in low equipment utilization and high single-use costs; 4) Different output powers of the emergency power supply system have different hydrogen supply requirements for the ammonia-hydrogen production unit. The mismatch between output power and hydrogen supply capacity will result in high heat loss and low system energy utilization; 5) The equipment uses ammonia as raw material, and the ammonia in the tank needs to be replenished after use. A spare ammonia tank is required, and the cost of directly replacing the ammonia tank is high.

[0003] Chinese patent CN118712431A discloses an ammonia-hydrogen combustion-ammonia decomposition hydrogen production-fuel cell coupling system, including a liquid ammonia storage device, a gasifier, a first heat exchanger, a second heat exchanger, an ammonia decomposition reactor, a membrane separation purifier, a burner and a fuel cell. The system realizes multi-stage preheating of ammonia through multiple heat exchangers to improve energy efficiency; the high-temperature product mixed gas after ammonia decomposition is used as the heat source of the heat exchanger to further recover energy; the gas after ammonia decomposition enters the fuel cell for power generation after membrane separation and purification; the burner uses the residual gas and external air and hydrogen for combustion to provide heat for the ammonia decomposition reaction, and can flexibly control the temperature and intensity of the combustion reaction by adjusting the ratio to ensure the stable operation of the system under different working conditions; however, the system has a complex structure, a long fuel cell startup time, a low overall system utilization rate, a relatively limited application scenario and a large energy consumption. Summary of the invention

[0004] In view of the defects of ammonia-hydrogen fuel cells in the prior art, such as complex structure, low system energy utilization, high energy consumption, long startup time and low overall utilization rate, a mobile modular ammonia-hydrogen fuel cell system with a compact structure, high energy utilization rate and low energy consumption is provided, which can reduce the system startup time and improve the overall utilization rate and can be suitable for the needs of different application scenarios.

[0005] The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve its technical problems is: a mobile modular ammonia hydrogen fuel cell system, including an ammonia storage module, an ammonia filling module, a hydrogen supply module and a fuel cell module; the ammonia storage module is connected to the ammonia filling module, the ammonia filling module is connected to the hydrogen supply module, and the fuel cell module is connected to the hydrogen supply module; the hydrogen supply module includes a first reactor, a second reactor, a third reactor, a first burner and a second burner arranged separately from each other; the fuel cell module includes a fuel cell and a lithium battery connected in series; the first reactor includes a first flue gas channel and a first ammonia channel, the second reactor includes a second flue gas channel and a second ammonia channel, and a heating plate is arranged on the third reactor; the first flue gas channel and the first burner are communicated; the second flue gas channel and the second burner are communicated; the first decomposition gas outlet of the first reactor and the second decomposition gas outlet of the second reactor are simultaneously communicated with the third ammonia inlet of the third reactor, and the third decomposition gas outlet of the third reactor is respectively communicated with the first burner, the second burner and the fuel cell; the lithium battery is electrically connected to the heating plate; a purification unit is arranged between the third reactor and the fuel cell.

[0006] Furthermore, the ammonia storage module includes a first ammonia tank, a pressure reducing valve, a first quick connector and a second quick connector; the first ammonia tank has a liquid ammonia inlet and an ammonia gas outlet, and the liquid ammonia inlet is connected to the ammonia filling module through the second quick connector; a pressure reducing valve is provided on the ammonia gas outlet; the pressure reducing valve is connected to the hydrogen supply module through the first quick connector; the ammonia filling module includes an ammonia filling machine and a second ammonia tank; the outlet of the second ammonia tank is connected to the inlet of the ammonia filling machine, and the outlet of the ammonia filling machine is connected to the liquid ammonia inlet of the first ammonia tank through the second quick connector.

[0007] Furthermore, the hydrogen supply module also includes a flow meter and a fan. The flow meter is connected to the pressure reducing valve. A first quick connector is arranged between the pressure reducing valve and the flow meter. The flow meter is simultaneously connected to the first ammonia channel of the first reactor and the second ammonia channel of the second reactor. A first solenoid valve is arranged between the flow meter and the first ammonia channel, and a second solenoid valve is arranged between the flow meter and the second ammonia channel.

[0008] Furthermore, the first flue gas channel is spirally fixed on the outer wall of the first ammonia channel, and the second flue gas channel is spirally fixed on the outer wall of the second ammonia channel; the first burner is connected to the first flue gas channel, and the second burner is connected to the second flue gas channel; a third solenoid valve is arranged between the fan and the first burner, and a fourth solenoid valve is arranged between the fan and the second burner.

[0009] Furthermore, a water cooler and a filter are arranged in sequence between the third reactor and the fuel cell; a fifth solenoid valve is arranged between the filter and the first burner, and a sixth solenoid valve is arranged between the filter and the second burner; a mixed gas flow meter is arranged between the third reactor and the first burner and the second burner.

[0010] Furthermore, the water cooler is thermally connected to the first ammonia tank or the second ammonia tank.

[0011] Furthermore, the first ammonia channel of the first reactor, the second ammonia channel of the second reactor and the third reactor are all equipped with a ruthenium-based ammonia decomposition catalyst; and the volume of the first reactor is different from that of the second reactor.

[0012] Furthermore, the fuel cell is also connected to the first burner and the second burner, and a fifth quick connector is provided between the fuel cell and the first burner and the second burner; the fuel cell module also includes a DC converter and an inverter, the fuel cell is electrically connected to the DC converter, the DC converter is electrically connected to the lithium battery, and the lithium battery is electrically connected to the inverter.

[0013] The present application also discloses a method for generating electricity using a mobile modular ammonia hydrogen fuel cell system, comprising the following steps:

[0014] Step 1: Use a lithium battery to power and heat the heating plate of the third reactor until the internal temperature of the third reactor reaches 500-550° C.;

[0015] Step 2: introducing ammonia into the third reactor to decompose the ammonia to generate a mixed gas of hydrogen and nitrogen;

[0016] Step 3: passing the mixed gas generated in the third reactor into the first burner or the second burner, introducing air into the first burner or the second burner, and the first burner or the second burner mixes the air and the mixed gas for combustion;

[0017] Step 4: passing the high-temperature flue gas after combustion into the first reactor or the second reactor connected to the burner for heating until the temperature of the first reactor or the second reactor reaches above 500° C.;

[0018] Step 5: introducing ammonia into the first reactor or the second reactor, where the ammonia is decomposed to generate a mixed gas of hydrogen and nitrogen; introducing the decomposed mixed gas into a purification unit for adsorption;

[0019] Step six: introducing the adsorbed mixed gas into a fuel cell to generate electricity; and then reintroducing the tail exhaust after the fuel cell generates electricity into the first burner or the second burner.

[0020] Further, the volume of the first reactor is smaller than the volume of the second reactor;

[0021] When the output power is 0-10KW, in step 3, the mixed gas generated in the third reactor is introduced into the first burner, and air is introduced into the first burner, and the first burner mixes the air and the mixed gas for combustion; in step 4, the high-temperature flue gas after combustion is introduced into the first reactor for heating until the temperature of the first reactor reaches above 500° C.; in step 5, ammonia is introduced into the first reactor, and the ammonia is decomposed in the first reactor to generate a mixed gas of hydrogen and nitrogen;

[0022] When the output power is 10-50KW, in step 3, the mixed gas generated in the third reactor is introduced into the second burner, and air is introduced into the second burner, and the second burner mixes the air and the mixed gas for combustion; in step 4, the high-temperature flue gas after combustion is introduced into the second reactor for heating until the temperature of the second reactor reaches above 500°C; in step 5, ammonia is introduced into the second reactor, and the ammonia is decomposed in the second reactor to generate a mixed gas of hydrogen and nitrogen.

[0023] A mobile modular ammonia hydrogen fuel cell system according to the present invention has the following advantages: A: The mobile modular ammonia fuel emergency power supply system according to the present invention adopts the form of module separation, only the ammonia supply module and the fuel cell module are placed on site, and the other modules have universal wheels and can be moved freely. The modules are connected modularly by quick connection, which is convenient for transportation; and when the emergency power supply is not needed on site, the other modules can be transported to the site where it is needed, with high resource utilization and low energy consumption. B: The mobile modular ammonia fuel emergency power supply system according to the present invention adds an ammonia filling module, which can realize the on-site ammonia addition of ammonia tanks, reducing the transportation cost of ammonia tanks. C: The mobile modular ammonia fuel emergency power supply system according to the present invention has multiple ammonia decomposition modules, and the corresponding ammonia decomposition modules can be selected according to the needs of different application scenarios. The system utilization rate is high and energy saving and consumption reduction can be achieved. D: The flue gas waste heat generated by the hydrogen supply module according to the present invention can be recycled and utilized by the mobile device to provide energy for the vehicle, and the energy utilization rate is improved. E: The hydrogen supply module according to the present invention can preheat the reactor in advance through the lithium battery on the way to the site, quickly increase the system heat, and generate electricity when the equipment arrives at the site, greatly reducing the startup time. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0024] In order to more clearly illustrate the specific embodiments of the present invention, the drawings required for use in the specific embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0025] Figure 1 This is a schematic structural diagram of a mobile modular ammonia-hydrogen fuel cell system described in the present invention.

[0026] A16-first reactor, B25-second reactor, C19-third reactor, A15-first burner, B23-second burner, 29-fuel cell, 31-lithium battery, 28-purification unit, 8-first ammonia tank, 9-pressure reducing valve, A33-first quick connector, B34-second quick connector, 10-ammonia adding machine, 11-second ammonia tank, A12-flow meter, A14-first solenoid valve, B22-second solenoid valve, C17-third solenoid valve, D24-fourth solenoid valve, 13-fan, 20-water cooler, 21-filter, E18-fifth solenoid valve, F26-sixth solenoid valve, B27-mixed gas flowmeter, D36-fourth quick connector, E37-third quick connector, C35-fifth quick connector, 32-inverter. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0027] The technical solution of the present invention will be described clearly and completely below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0028] like Figure 1 As shown, a mobile modular ammonia hydrogen fuel cell system described in the present invention includes an ammonia storage module, an ammonia filling module, a hydrogen supply module and a fuel cell module; the ammonia storage module is connected to the ammonia filling module, the ammonia filling module is connected to the hydrogen supply module, and the fuel cell module and the hydrogen supply module are interconnected; the hydrogen supply module includes a first reactor A16, a second reactor B25, a third reactor C19, a first burner A15 and a second burner B23 that are separately arranged from each other; the fuel cell module includes a fuel cell 29 and a lithium battery 31 connected in series; the first reactor A16 includes a first flue gas channel and a first ammonia channel, and the second reactor B25 includes a second flue gas channel and the second ammonia channel, a heating plate is arranged on the third reactor C19; the first flue gas channel is communicated with the first burner A15; the second flue gas channel is communicated with the second burner B23; the first decomposition gas outlet of the first reactor A16 and the second decomposition gas outlet of the second reactor B25 are simultaneously communicated with the third ammonia inlet of the third reactor C19, and the third decomposition gas outlet of the third reactor C19 is respectively communicated with the first burner A15, the second burner B23 and the fuel cell 29; the lithium battery 31 is electrically connected with the heating plate; a purification unit 28 is arranged between the third reactor C19 and the fuel cell 29.

[0029] exist Figure 1In the embodiment, the ammonia storage module includes a first ammonia tank 8, a pressure reducing valve 9, a first quick connector A33 and a second quick connector B34; the first ammonia tank 8 is provided with a liquid ammonia inlet and an ammonia gas outlet, and the liquid ammonia inlet is connected to the ammonia filling module through the second quick connector B34; the ammonia gas outlet is provided with the pressure reducing valve 9; the pressure reducing valve 9 is connected to the hydrogen supply module through the first quick connector A33; the ammonia filling module includes an ammonia filling machine 10 and a second ammonia tank 11; the outlet of the second ammonia tank 11 is connected to the inlet of the ammonia filling machine 10, and the outlet of the ammonia filling machine 10 is connected to the liquid ammonia inlet of the first ammonia tank 8 through the second quick connector B34; by using the first quick connector A 33 and the second quick connector B34 connect the ammonia storage module with the hydrogen supply module and the ammonia filling module; it is beneficial to the rapid separation and transportation of the ammonia storage module, such as the first ammonia tank 8, from the hydrogen supply module and the ammonia filling module; the ammonia filling module is used to add liquid ammonia to the first ammonia tank 8 to ensure that there is sufficient liquid ammonia in the ammonia storage module to pass into the hydrogen supply module for hydrogen preparation and subsequent power generation; the ammonia storage module is formed into an independent module by disassembling the first quick connector A33 and the second quick connector B34; the ammonia filling module is formed into an independent module by disassembling the quick connector B34; the ammonia filling machine 10 of the ammonia filling module has movable universal wheels at the bottom for transportation and movement.

[0030] The hydrogen supply module includes a flow meter A12, a first reactor A16, a second reactor B25, a third reactor C19, a first burner A15, a second burner B23, a fan 13, a water cooler 20 and a filter 21; the flow meter A12 is connected to the pressure reducing valve 9, the first quick connector A33 is arranged between the pressure reducing valve 9 and the flow meter A12, and the flow meter A12 is simultaneously connected to the first ammonia channel of the first reactor A16 and the second ammonia channel of the second reactor B25; a first solenoid valve A14 is arranged between the flow meter A12 and the first ammonia channel, and a second solenoid valve B22 is arranged between the flow meter A12 and the second ammonia channel; the liquid ammonia in the first ammonia tank 8 is reduced in pressure by the pressure reducing valve 9, flows through the flow meter A12, and then enters the first reactor A16 and the second reactor B25 respectively for decomposition reaction; by correspondingly adjusting the opening of the first solenoid valve A14 and the second solenoid valve B22, the flow of liquid ammonia entering the first reactor A16 and the second reactor B25 is correspondingly controlled.

[0031] The first reactor A16 and the second reactor B25 are both flue gas heating reactors, and the third reactor C19 is heated by an electric heating plate; the first reactor A16 includes a first flue gas channel and a first ammonia channel, and the second reactor B25 includes a second flue gas channel and a second ammonia channel, the first flue gas channel is spirally fixed on the outer wall of the first ammonia channel, one end of the first ammonia channel is a first ammonia inlet, and the other end of the first ammonia channel is a first decomposition gas outlet; the first ammonia inlet is connected to the flow meter A12; when the high-temperature gas flows in the first flue gas channel, the heat of the high-temperature flue gas passes through the first flue gas channel, and the heat of the high-temperature flue gas passes through the first flue gas channel. The heat of the high-temperature flue gas is transferred to the ammonia in the first ammonia channel through the second flue gas channel, and the ammonia absorbs heat and undergoes a decomposition reaction to generate hydrogen and nitrogen, which are discharged through the first decomposition gas outlet; the second flue gas channel is spirally fixed on the outer wall of the second ammonia channel, one end of the second ammonia channel is a second ammonia inlet, and the other end of the second ammonia channel is a second decomposition gas outlet; when the high-temperature gas flows in the second flue gas channel, the heat of the high-temperature flue gas is transferred to the ammonia in the second ammonia channel through the second flue gas channel, and the ammonia absorbs heat and undergoes a decomposition reaction to generate hydrogen and nitrogen, which are discharged through the second decomposition gas outlet; wherein, the first A burner A15 is connected to the first flue gas channel, and the second burner B23 is connected to the second flue gas channel; the first burner A15 and the second burner B23 are connected to the fan 13 at the same time, and the fan 13 can introduce air into the first burner A15 and the second burner B23 respectively to promote the combustion of the first burner A15 and the second burner B23. The exhaust gas after combustion enters the first flue gas channel and the second flue gas channel respectively, which is used to provide heat for the ammonia flowing in the first reactor A16 and the second reactor B25, and promote the endothermic decomposition of ammonia; preferably, the fan A third solenoid valve C17 is arranged between the fan 13 and the first burner A15, and a fourth solenoid valve D24 is arranged between the fan 13 and the second burner B23. The third solenoid valve C17 and the fourth solenoid valve D24 are used to control the flow rate of air entering the first burner A15 and the second burner B23 from the fan 13, respectively, so as to control the combustion of the first burner A15 and the second burner B23; more preferably, the outlet of the first flue gas channel enters the automobile waste heat recovery area, and the outlet of the second flue gas channel enters the automobile waste heat recovery area; so as to recover the heat of the high-temperature gas after the ammonia decomposition reaction and improve the heat reuse rate.

[0032] The first decomposition gas outlet of the first reactor A16 and the second decomposition gas outlet of the second reactor B25 are simultaneously connected to the third ammonia inlet of the third reactor C19; a heating plate is provided on the ammonia decomposition channel of the third reactor C19, and the heating plate is used to heat the gas in the third reactor C19 and further heat the residual ammonia in the gas, and the residual ammonia continues to decompose to generate hydrogen and nitrogen; so that the residual ammonia in the first reactor A16 and the second reactor B25 can continue to decompose when entering the third reactor C19, thereby improving the hydrogen production and purity of the system; in order to Improve the energy utilization rate of the system and reduce the energy consumption during the operation of the system; preferably, the third decomposition gas outlet of the third reactor C19 is connected to the fuel cell 29, the first burner A15 and the second burner B23 respectively; the mixed gas of hydrogen and nitrogen decomposed by the third reactor C19 can enter the fuel cell 29, the first burner A15 or the second burner B23 for power generation or combustion; in order to improve the adaptability and purity of the discharged hydrogen and nitrogen mixed gas, and better apply it to the power generation of fuel cells, the third reactor C19 and the fuel cell 29 are connected. A water cooler 20 and a filter 21 are sequentially arranged between the third reactor C19, the water cooler 20 can reduce the temperature of the gas discharged from the third reactor C19, and the filter 21 can remove the impurities remaining in the gas to achieve a purification effect; wherein, a fifth solenoid valve E18 and a sixth solenoid valve F26 are correspondingly arranged between the filter 21 and the first burner A15 and the second burner B23, and the hydrogen discharged from the third reactor C19 and entering the first burner A15 and the second burner B23 is controlled by adjusting the opening of the corresponding fifth solenoid valve E18 and the sixth solenoid valve F26. and nitrogen flow; the hydrogen and nitrogen discharged from the third reactor C19 can be used as fuel for the first burner A15 and the second burner B23, and the first burner A15 and the second burner B23 mix and burn the hydrogen discharged from the third reactor C19 with the air introduced from the fan 13; the mixed gas after combustion enters the first flue gas channel and the second flue gas channel respectively to heat the ammonia flowing in the first reactor A16 and the second reactor B25, so as to achieve effective utilization of the exhaust gas from the third reactor C19 and improve the overall energy utilization rate of the system;In order to detect and control the flow rate of the mixed gas entering the first burner A15 and the second burner B23, preferably, a mixed gas flow meter B27 is provided between the third reactor C19 and the first burner A15 and the second burner B23, and the mixed gas flow meter B27 is used to detect the flow rate of the mixed gas discharged from the third reactor C19 and entering the corresponding burner, and accurately control the first burner A15 and the second burner B23 on the introduced fuel in combination with the corresponding solenoid valve to avoid energy waste such as excessive combustion; more preferably, the water cooler 20 is thermally connected to the first ammonia tank 8 or the second ammonia tank 11, and the circulating water of the water cooler 20 can exchange heat with the ammonia tank to ensure the temperature of the cooling water and the evaporation amount of ammonia, while improving the recycling rate of the liquid water in the water cooler 20. ;

[0033] In order to better improve the ammonia decomposition efficiency, the first ammonia channel of the first reactor A16, the second ammonia channel of the second reactor B25 and the third reactor C19 are all equipped with a ruthenium-based ammonia decomposition catalyst; the volume of the first reactor A16 is different from that of the second reactor B25 to be suitable for ammonia decomposition reactions under different powers; the application range of the entire system is improved, and modular design and flexible adjustment are realized.

[0034] In order to further ensure the purity of the gas discharged from the third reactor C19 and entering the fuel cell, to prevent ammonia from entering the fuel cell 29 and causing damage to the fuel cell, and to improve the power generation efficiency of the system; preferably, the third reactor C19 is connected to the purification unit 28, and the purification unit 28 is composed of an adsorption column and is used to adsorb the residual ammonia in the decomposition gas; the adsorption column is filled with a temperature-variable adsorbent, and the water cooler 20 and the filter 21 are arranged in sequence between the third reactor C19 and the purification unit 28, and the mixed gas of hydrogen and nitrogen after cooling and filtration enters Further adsorption is performed in the purification unit to ensure that the ammonia in the mixed gas is fully adsorbed; the purity of the mixed gas subsequently entering the fuel cell 29 is improved; similarly, the purification unit 28 is connected to the filter 21 via a third quick connector E37, and the purification unit 28 is connected to the fuel cell 29 via a fourth quick connector D36, thereby realizing rapid disassembly and assembly between the purification unit 28 and the fuel 29, and rapid disassembly and assembly between the filter 21 and the purification unit 28; the hydrogen supply module is located in a mobile unit, such as an emergency power supply vehicle, and can be moved after rapid disassembly is completed.

[0035] The hydrogen and nitrogen adsorbed by the purification unit 28 enter the fuel cell 29, and the fuel cell 29 generates electrical energy from the chemical energy of the gas; in order to improve the combustion effect of the burner, it also reuses the heat generated during the operation of the system and reduces the overall energy consumption of the system; preferably, the fuel cell 29 is also connected to the first burner A15 and the second burner B23, and a fifth quick connector C35 is provided between the fuel cell 29 and the first burner A15 and the second burner B23; the tail exhaust after the fuel cell 29 generates electricity can enter the first burner A15 and the second burner B23 as fuel for mixed combustion; the heat generated by the burner combustion is increased, and the system heat is reused; wherein the fuel cell module also includes a DC converter 30 and an inverter 32, and the output voltage of the fuel cell 29 is electrically connected to the input voltage of the DC converter 30; the output voltage of the DC converter 30 is electrically connected to the lithium ion battery The input voltage of the battery 31 is electrically connected; the output voltage of the lithium battery 31 is electrically connected to the input voltage of the inverter 32; the inverter 32 outputs a 220V voltage and is used for client loads; the lithium battery 31 is also electrically connected to the heating plate of the third reactor C19, and the lithium battery 31 can provide electrical energy to the heating plate to directly increase the internal temperature of the third reactor C19. The third reactor C19 can be preheated in advance by supplying power through the lithium battery 31 in the mobile power supply vehicle. When ammonia enters, ammonia can be quickly decomposed to generate hydrogen and nitrogen; the generated hydrogen and nitrogen can enter the corresponding burner for combustion and generate a large amount of heat and high-temperature gas; the generated high-temperature gas then enters the first reactor A16 and the second reactor B25 for heating; compared with traditional flue gas preheating, it can achieve rapid temperature rise and start-up of the system, promote fuel cell power generation to generate electricity, reduce ammonia decomposition and system startup time; improve overall operating efficiency.

[0036] The hydrogen supply module can be formed into a separate module by disassembling the first quick connector A33, the fifth quick connector C35 and the third quick connector E37; the purification unit can be formed into a separate module by disassembling the quick connector D36 and the quick connector E37; the fuel cell module 4 can be formed into a separate module by disassembling the fourth quick connector D36 and the fifth quick connector C35.

[0037] The present application also discloses a method for generating electricity using the mobile modular ammonia hydrogen fuel cell system; the method comprises the following steps:

[0038] Step 1: Use the lithium battery 31 to power and heat the heating plate of the third reactor C19 until the internal temperature of the third reactor C19 reaches 500-550° C.;

[0039] Step 2: Open the first ammonia tank 8 to pass ammonia into the third reactor C19, and the ammonia decomposes to generate a mixed gas of hydrogen and nitrogen;

[0040] Step 3: Pass the mixed gas generated in the third reactor C19 into the first burner A15 or the second burner B23, and start the fan at the same time to introduce air into the first burner A15 or the second burner B23. The first burner A15 or the second burner B23 mixes the air and the mixed gas and burns them to generate high-temperature flue gas accordingly;

[0041] Step 4: Pass the high-temperature flue gas after combustion into the first reactor A16 or the second reactor B25 connected to the burner for heating until the temperature of the first reactor A16 or the second reactor B25 reaches above 500° C.;

[0042] Step 5: Pass the ammonia in the first ammonia tank 8 into the first reactor A16 or the second reactor B25, where the ammonia is decomposed to generate a mixed gas of hydrogen and nitrogen; pass the decomposed mixed gas into a purification unit for adsorption;

[0043] Step six: introduce the adsorbed mixed gas into a fuel cell to generate electricity; and then reintroduce the tail exhaust after the fuel cell generates electricity into the first burner A15 or the second burner.

[0044] In step 4, the first reactor A16 and the second reactor B25 are respectively used for operation start-up under different output powers; for example, 0-10KW and 10-50KW; preferably, the first reactor A16 is used to start when the power is 0-10 kw; the second reactor B25 is used to start when the power is 10-50 kw, and the volume of the first reactor A16 is smaller than the volume of the second reactor B25;

[0045] When running at low power of 0-10 kw: the equipment is started, and the heating plate of the third reactor C19 is powered and heated by the lithium battery 31. The heat is transferred to the inside of the third reactor C19 through the heating plate to increase the temperature; when the temperature of the third reactor C reaches 500-550℃, the first ammonia tank 8 is opened, and the ammonia enters the third reactor C19 after passing through the pressure reducing valve 9 and the flow meter A12; the ammonia is catalytically decomposed in the third reactor C19 to generate hydrogen and nitrogen; the hydrogen and nitrogen enter the first burner A15 and are mixed with the air of the fan 13 for combustion, and the high-temperature flue gas (800℃) after combustion enters the first flue gas channel of the first reactor A16 to the first reactor The first ammonia channel of the first reactor A16 is heated; when the first ammonia channel of the first reactor A16 is heated to 500°C, ammonia is introduced into the first ammonia channel of the first reactor A16, and is catalytically decomposed by a ruthenium-based catalyst to generate hydrogen and nitrogen; hydrogen and nitrogen and a trace amount of undecomposed ammonia enter the purification unit 28 to remove residual ammonia; hydrogen and nitrogen passing through the purification unit enter the fuel cell 29 for oxidation and reduction to generate current; the current is transformed by the DC converter 30 and supplied to the lithium battery 31 and the inverter 32, and the inverter 32 can output electricity to the load; the tail exhaust of the fuel cell 29 enters the first burner A15 for mixed combustion;

[0046] When the high power 10-50 kw operation is in progress: the equipment is started, and the lithium battery 31 supplies power to the heating plate of the third reactor C19 for heating, and the heat is transferred to the inside of the third reactor C19 through the heating plate to increase the temperature; when the temperature of the third reactor C reaches 500-550°C, the first ammonia tank 8 is opened, and the ammonia enters the third reactor C19 after passing through the pressure reducing valve 9 and the flow meter A12; the ammonia is catalytically decomposed in the third reactor C19 to generate hydrogen and nitrogen; the hydrogen and nitrogen enter the second burner B23 and are mixed with the air of the fan 13 for combustion, and the high-temperature flue gas (800°C) after combustion enters the second flue gas duct of the second reactor B15 to supply the second reactor The second ammonia pipeline of the second reactor B25 is heated; when the second ammonia pipeline of the second reactor B25 is heated to 500°C, ammonia enters the second ammonia pipeline of the second reactor B25 and is catalytically decomposed by a ruthenium-based catalyst to generate hydrogen and nitrogen; hydrogen and nitrogen and a trace amount of undecomposed ammonia enter the purification unit 28 to remove residual ammonia; the hydrogen and nitrogen passing through the purification unit enter the fuel cell 29 for oxidation and reduction to generate current; the current is transformed by the DC converter 30 and supplied to the lithium battery 31 and the inverter 32, and the inverter 32 can output electricity to the load; the tail exhaust of the fuel cell 29 enters the second burner B23 for mixed combustion.

[0047] Obviously, the above embodiments are merely examples for the purpose of clear explanation, and are not intended to limit the implementation methods. For those skilled in the art, other different forms of changes or modifications can be made based on the above description. It is not necessary and impossible to list all the implementation methods here. However, the obvious changes or modifications derived therefrom are still within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A mobile modular ammonia hydrogen fuel cell system, comprising an ammonia storage module, an ammonia filling module, a hydrogen supply module and a fuel cell module; the ammonia storage module is connected to the ammonia filling module, the ammonia filling module is connected to the hydrogen supply module, and the fuel cell module is connected to the hydrogen supply module; characterized in that: The hydrogen supply module comprises a first reactor, a second reactor, a third reactor, a first burner and a second burner which are arranged separately from each other; the fuel cell module comprises a fuel cell and a lithium battery connected in series; the first reactor comprises a first flue gas channel and a first ammonia channel, the second reactor comprises a second flue gas channel and a second ammonia channel, and a heating plate is arranged on the third reactor; the first flue gas channel is communicated with the first burner; the second flue gas channel is communicated with the second burner; the first decomposition gas outlet of the first reactor and the second decomposition gas outlet of the second reactor are simultaneously communicated with the third ammonia inlet of the third reactor, and the third decomposition gas outlet of the third reactor is respectively communicated with the first burner, the second burner and the fuel cell; the lithium battery is electrically connected with the heating plate; a purification unit is arranged between the third reactor and the fuel cell; the volume of the first reactor is smaller than that of the second reactor; The power generation method of the mobile modular ammonia hydrogen fuel cell system comprises the following steps: Step 1: Use a lithium battery to power and heat the heating plate of the third reactor until the internal temperature of the third reactor reaches 500-550° C.; Step 2: introducing ammonia into the third reactor to decompose the ammonia to generate a mixed gas of hydrogen and nitrogen; Step 3: passing the mixed gas generated in the third reactor into the first burner or the second burner, introducing air into the first burner or the second burner, and the first burner or the second burner mixes the air and the mixed gas for combustion; Step 4: passing the high-temperature flue gas after combustion into the first reactor or the second reactor connected to the burner for heating until the temperature of the first reactor or the second reactor reaches above 500° C.; Step 5: introducing ammonia into the first reactor or the second reactor, where the ammonia is decomposed to generate a mixed gas of hydrogen and nitrogen; introducing the decomposed mixed gas into a purification unit for adsorption; Step six: introducing the adsorbed mixed gas into a fuel cell to generate electricity; and then reintroducing the tail exhaust after the fuel cell generates electricity into the first burner or the second burner.

2. A mobile modular ammonia hydrogen fuel cell system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The ammonia storage module includes a first ammonia tank, a pressure reducing valve, a first quick connector and a second quick connector; the first ammonia tank has a liquid ammonia inlet and an ammonia gas outlet, and the liquid ammonia inlet is connected to the ammonia filling module through the second quick connector; the ammonia gas outlet is provided with the pressure reducing valve; the pressure reducing valve is connected to the hydrogen supply module through the first quick connector; the ammonia filling module includes an ammonia filling machine and a second ammonia tank; the outlet of the second ammonia tank is connected to the inlet of the ammonia filling machine, and the outlet of the ammonia filling machine is connected to the liquid ammonia inlet of the first ammonia tank through the second quick connector.

3. A mobile modular ammonia hydrogen fuel cell system according to claim 2, characterized in that: The hydrogen supply module also includes a flow meter and a fan. The flow meter is connected to the pressure reducing valve. The first quick connector is arranged between the pressure reducing valve and the flow meter. The flow meter is simultaneously connected to the first ammonia channel of the first reactor and the second ammonia channel of the second reactor. A first solenoid valve is arranged between the flow meter and the first ammonia channel, and a second solenoid valve is arranged between the flow meter and the second ammonia channel.

4. A mobile modular ammonia hydrogen fuel cell system according to claim 3, characterized in that: The first flue gas channel is spirally fixed on the outer wall of the first ammonia channel, and the second flue gas channel is spirally fixed on the outer wall of the second ammonia channel; the first burner is connected to the first flue gas channel, and the second burner is connected to the second flue gas channel; a third solenoid valve is arranged between the fan and the first burner, and a fourth solenoid valve is arranged between the fan and the second burner.

5. The mobile modular ammonia hydrogen fuel cell system according to claim 3, characterized in that: A water cooler and a filter are arranged in sequence between the third reactor and the fuel cell; a fifth solenoid valve is arranged between the filter and the first burner, and a sixth solenoid valve is arranged between the filter and the second burner; a mixed gas flow meter is arranged between the third reactor and the first burner and the second burner.

6. A mobile modular ammonia hydrogen fuel cell system according to claim 5, characterized in that: The water cooler is thermally connected to the first ammonia tank or the second ammonia tank.

7. The mobile modular ammonia hydrogen fuel cell system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first ammonia channel of the first reactor, the second ammonia channel of the second reactor and the third reactor are all equipped with a ruthenium-based ammonia decomposition catalyst; the volume of the first reactor is different from that of the second reactor.

8. The mobile modular ammonia hydrogen fuel cell system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fuel cell is also connected to the first burner and the second burner, and a fifth quick connector is provided between the fuel cell and the first burner and the second burner; The fuel cell module further includes a DC converter and an inverter. The fuel cell is electrically connected to the DC converter, the DC converter is electrically connected to the lithium battery, and the lithium battery is electrically connected to the inverter.

9. The mobile modular ammonia hydrogen fuel cell system according to claim 1, characterized in that: When the output power is 0-10KW, in step 3, the mixed gas generated in the third reactor is introduced into the first burner, and air is introduced into the first burner, and the first burner mixes the air and the mixed gas for combustion; in step 4, the high-temperature flue gas after combustion is introduced into the first reactor for heating until the temperature of the first reactor reaches above 500° C.; in step 5, ammonia is introduced into the first reactor, and the ammonia is decomposed in the first reactor to generate a mixed gas of hydrogen and nitrogen; When the output power is 10-50KW, in step 3, the mixed gas generated in the third reactor is introduced into the second burner, and air is introduced into the second burner, and the second burner mixes the air and the mixed gas for combustion; in step 4, the high-temperature flue gas after combustion is introduced into the second reactor for heating until the temperature of the second reactor reaches above 500°C; in step 5, ammonia is introduced into the second reactor, and the ammonia is decomposed in the second reactor to generate a mixed gas of hydrogen and nitrogen.

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