Method for improving alkaline and strong-alkaline red gum clay and restoring vegetation by directly using plant planting and application of method for improving alkaline and strong-alkaline red gum clay and restoring vegetation by directly using plant planting

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for improving alkaline and strong-alkaline red gum clay and recovering vegetation by directly using plant planting and application, and the method comprises the following steps: selecting the variety of indigenous plants by investigating and counting the native vegetation in the field and surrounding areas; obtaining a planting and matching mode of the indigenous plants according to the number of clusters, distribution and growth conditions of the indigenous plants in the field and surrounding native plant communities and the effect of the indigenous plants in the communities; selecting a planting field, and performing rotary tillage; sowing the seeds within a week before the rainy season; and pest control. According to the method, the alkaline and strongly alkaline red gum clay with the pH value of 7.98-8.77 is directly planted by indigenous plants to improve and break hardening, so that vegetation is recovered, the input cost is low, and the process is simple and easy to implement.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of ecological restoration, and in particular to a method and application of directly using plant planting to improve alkaline and strongly alkaline red clay and restore vegetation. Background Art

[0002] In order to strictly adhere to the red line of ecological and environmental protection and make scientific and rational use of climate resources, when constructing new energy sites such as photovoltaic power generation and wind power generation, only places with relatively low land prices and low utilization rates such as deserts, sandy land, Gobi, saline-alkali land, mines, solid waste storage sites, and ash fields can be selected in the north. How to comprehensively manage the ecology of these areas, carry out supporting soil improvement at the same time, and restore the agricultural and pastoral and grassland productivity of land resources in new energy sites is an important new research and development topic in agriculture, animal husbandry, forestry, ecology and environmental science today. In addition, in order to build an important ecological security barrier in northern my country, reduce atmospheric dust pollution, realize the ecological and environmental protection and utilization of new energy sites, and restore the ecological restoration of new energy sites and the agricultural and pastoral production capacity of sites are the focus of research. Therefore, it is necessary to propose improvement plans for these areas that are not suitable for vegetation growth. Fertilizers and soil conditioners are used in some improvement plans, which increase input costs and are not easy to operate. Summary of the invention

[0003] The present invention aims to solve one of the technical problems in the related art at least to a certain extent.

[0004] To this end, the embodiments of the present invention provide a method and application of directly using plant planting to improve alkaline and strongly alkaline red clay and restore vegetation.

[0005] In the first aspect, the present invention proposes a method for improving alkaline and highly alkaline red clay soil and restoring vegetation by directly planting plants, comprising the following steps:

[0006] (a) Select native plant species by surveying and counting native vegetation on site and in the surrounding areas;

[0007] (b) obtaining the planting and matching methods of the native plants according to the number of clusters, distribution, growth conditions and functions of the native plants in the site and surrounding native plant communities;

[0008] (c) Selecting a planting site and performing rotary tillage;

[0009] (d) sowing within a week before the onset of the rainy season;

[0010] (e) Pest control.

[0011] Furthermore, in step (a), based on field investigation, vegetation characteristics, analysis and measurement, the native plant species of alkaline and strongly alkaline red clay in the arid northwest region include barley, sophora alopecuroides, Oxytropis spinulosa, Stipa brevifolia, Achnatherum splendens and Lespedeza yinshanica.

[0012] Furthermore, in step (b), the native plants are combined in a mass ratio of 4:2:1:2:1:1 for barley, Sophora alopecuroides, Oxytropis spinulosa, Stipa brevifolia, Achnatherum splendens and Lespedeza yinshanica.

[0013] Furthermore, in step (b), the native plants are planted in a mixed sowing method with no spacing between rows and plants and uniform sowing.

[0014] Furthermore, in step (c), the planting site is alkaline or strongly alkaline red clay with a pH value of 7.98 to 8.77.

[0015] Furthermore, in step (c), the depth of rotary tillage is 5 to 7 cm.

[0016] Furthermore, in step (d), the sowing rate is 22-25 g / m 2 The sowing depth is 0.5 to 1 cm.

[0017] Furthermore, in step (e), the pest control is to spray 1000-1200 times diluted matrine (low toxicity) extracted from Sophora flavescens and Sophora alopecuroides to control locusts, middle orchid beetles and flower leeches, and spray once.

[0018] Furthermore, the nymph population density is greater than 10 heads / m 2 If it is necessary to use 600-800 times diluted matrine (low toxicity) extracted from Sophora flavescens and Sophora alopecuroides for spraying, spray once.

[0019] In a second aspect, the present invention proposes the application of the method proposed in the first aspect in improving alkaline and strongly alkaline red clay and restoring vegetation.

[0020] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0021] The invention aims at improving alkaline and strongly alkaline red clay with a pH value between 7.98 and 8.77 by directly planting native plants, breaking up the compaction and restoring the vegetation, with low investment cost and simple and easy process. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0022] The above and / or additional aspects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent and easily understood from the following description of the embodiments in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which:

[0023] Figure 1The present invention is a flow chart of a method for improving alkaline and strongly alkaline red clay soil and restoring vegetation by directly planting plants. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0024] Embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below, examples of which are shown in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals throughout represent the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and are intended to be used to explain the present invention, and should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

[0025] The method and application of improving alkaline and strongly alkaline red clay and restoring vegetation by directly planting plants according to the present invention will be described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0026] like Figure 1 As shown, the method of directly using plant planting to improve alkaline and highly alkaline red clay and restore vegetation of the present invention comprises the following steps:

[0027] (a) Select native plant species by surveying and counting native vegetation on site and in the surrounding areas;

[0028] (b) obtaining the planting and matching methods of the native plants according to the number of clusters, distribution, growth conditions and functions of the native plants in the site and surrounding native plant communities;

[0029] (c) Selecting a planting site and performing rotary tillage;

[0030] (d) sowing within a week before the onset of the rainy season;

[0031] (e) Pest control.

[0032] Among them, in step (a), after field investigation, vegetation characteristics, analysis and measurement, it is found that the native plant species of alkaline and strongly alkaline red clay in the arid region of Northwest China include barley, bitter bean, spiny bean, short-flowered needle grass, Achnatherum splendens and Yinshan Lespedeza. These native plants are drought-resistant, salt-tolerant, barren-tolerant, disease-resistant and insect-resistant, have strong adaptability and can survive.

[0033] In step (b), the best combination of the native plants is that the mass ratio of barley, sophora alopecuroides, stipa brevifolia, Achnatherum splendens and Lespedeza yinshanica is 4:2:1:2:1:1. The planting method of the native plants is mixed sowing, no spacing between plants and rows, and uniform sowing.

[0034] In step (c), the planting site is alkaline or strongly alkaline red clay with a pH value of 7.98 to 8.77, and the rotary tillage depth is 5 to 7 cm.

[0035] In step (d), the sowing rate is 22-25 g / m 2The sowing depth is 0.5 to 1 cm.

[0036] In step (e), the pest control is to spray 1000-1200 times of matrine (low toxicity) extracted from Sophora flavescens and Sophora alopecuroides to control locusts, middle orchid beetles and flower scorpion flies, and spray once. The nymph population density is greater than 10 heads / m 2 If it is necessary to use 600-800 times diluted matrine (low toxicity) extracted from Sophora flavescens and Sophora alopecuroides for spraying, spray once.

[0037] The present invention is described below in conjunction with specific embodiments.

[0038] Example 1

[0039] By investigating and counting the native vegetation on site and in the surrounding areas, the native plant species that grow naturally on site and in the surrounding areas were selected. After field investigation, vegetation characteristics, analysis, and measurement, it was found that the native plant species suitable for direct soil improvement and vegetation restoration in alkaline and strongly alkaline red clay in the arid northwest region are: barley, bitter bean, spiny petiole oxytropis, short-flowered needlegrass, Achnatherum splendens, and Yinshan Lespedeza. Based on the data and analysis of the number of clusters, distribution, growth conditions, and role of these native plants in the native plant communities on site and in the surrounding areas, the best planting and matching methods were obtained.

[0040] Soil improvement was directly carried out on alkaline and strongly alkaline red clay soils on site, and native vegetation communities were rebuilt in areas without vegetation to restore vegetation. The mass ratio of barley, sophora alopecuroides, Oxytropis spinulosa, Stipa brevisflower, Achnatherum splendens and Lespedeza yinshanica was 4:2:1:2:1:1.

[0041] Select a planting site, and improve the soil and restore vegetation in the original terrain and landforms. The average pH value of the 10 tested soil samples is 8.72, and the average contents of hydrolyzable nitrogen, available phosphorus, and available potassium are 7.83mg / Kg, 3.65mg / Kg, and 36.56mg / Kg, respectively. Sowing should be carried out within a week before the rainy season. Shallow rotary tillage should be carried out before sowing, with a tillage depth of 5cm. Planting is carried out according to soil conditions and taking advantage of the characteristics of native plants such as self-propagation and strong adaptability. After the seeds mature and fall off, seedlings can be formed in the same year under suitable conditions.

[0042] Select native plant species such as barley, bitter bean, spiny bean, short-flowered needle grass, Achnatherum splendens, and Yinshan Lespedeza, which are drought-resistant, cold-resistant, salt-alkali-tolerant, grazing-tolerant, have long seed storage period in the soil, and have strong adaptability, and re-build the native vegetation plant community by mixing and sowing, and adopt the direct improvement plan. Planting: Seeding amount 22g / m 2 , sowing depth 1cm, no plant spacing, and evenly spread.

[0043] Because it relies on natural rainfall, it is a more economical and preferred method. In addition, it is a native native plant with strong disease resistance, so pest control is sufficient. The main organic and pollution-free biochemical control method is adopted. Pests include locusts, middle ornate beetles, flower leeches, etc., which can be controlled by spraying 1000 times of matrine (low toxicity) extracted from Sophora flavescens and Sophora alopecuroides. Spray once. If insect engravings and eggs are found, the insect population density is greater than 10 heads / m 2 For prevention and control, you can use 600 times diluted matrine (low toxic powder) extracted from Sophora flavescens and Sophora alopecuroides to spray once.

[0044] The seeds are harvested manually when the pods turn light yellow-brown, tested for pests, and kept as seeds. In the second year's greening season, the soil is fertilized and the scattered bald spots that have not turned green are improved and replanted, and maintenance is continued for 5 years.

[0045] Example 2

[0046] By investigating and counting the native vegetation on site and in the surrounding areas, the native plant species that grow naturally on site and in the surrounding areas were selected. After on-site investigation, vegetation characteristics, analysis, and measurement, it was found that the native plant species suitable for direct soil improvement and vegetation restoration in alkaline and strongly alkaline red clay in the arid northwest region are: barley, bitter bean, spiny bean, short-flowered needlegrass, Achnatherum splendens, and Yinshan Lespedeza. Based on the data and analysis of the number of clusters, distribution, growth conditions, and role of these native plants in the native plant communities on site and in the surrounding areas, the best planting and matching methods were obtained.

[0047] Soil improvement was directly carried out on alkaline and strongly alkaline red clay soils on site, and native vegetation communities were rebuilt in areas without vegetation to restore vegetation. The mass ratio of barley, sophora alopecuroides, thorn beans, stipa brevifolia, Achnatherum splendens and Lespedeza yinshanica was 4:2:1:2:1:1.

[0048] Select a planting site, and improve the soil and restore vegetation in the original terrain and landforms. The average pH value of the 10 tested soil samples is 8.53, and the average contents of hydrolyzable nitrogen, available phosphorus, and available potassium are 9.41mg / Kg, 4.52mg / Kg, and 81.86mg / Kg, respectively. Sowing should be carried out within a week before the rainy season. Shallow rotary tillage should be carried out before sowing, with a tillage depth of 6cm. Planting is carried out according to soil conditions and taking advantage of the characteristics of native plants such as self-propagation and strong adaptability. After the seeds mature and fall off, seedlings can be formed in the same year under suitable conditions.

[0049] Select native plant species such as barley, bitter bean, spiny petiole oxytropis, short-flowered needlegrass, Achnatherum splendens, and Yinshan Lespedeza, which are drought-resistant, cold-resistant, salt-alkali-tolerant, grazing-tolerant, have long seed storage period in the soil, and have strong adaptability, and re-build the native vegetation plant community by mixing and sowing, and adopt the direct improvement plan. Planting: Seeding rate 25g / m 2 , sowing depth 0.8cm, no plant spacing, and even sowing.

[0050] Because it relies on natural rainfall, it is a more economical and preferred method. In addition, it is a native native plant with strong disease resistance, so pest control is sufficient. The main organic and pollution-free biochemical control method is adopted. Pests include locusts, middle ornate beetles, flower leeches, etc., which can be controlled by spraying 1000 times of matrine (low toxicity) extracted from Sophora flavescens and Sophora alopecuroides. Spray once. If insect engravings and eggs are found, the insect population density is greater than 10 heads / m 2 For prevention and control, you can use 600 times diluted matrine (low toxic powder) extracted from Sophora flavescens and Sophora alopecuroides to spray once.

[0051] The seeds are harvested manually when the pods turn light yellow-brown, tested for pests, and kept as seeds. In the second year's greening season, the soil is fertilized and the scattered bald spots that have not turned green are improved and replanted, and maintenance is continued for 5 years.

[0052] Example 3

[0053] By investigating and counting the native vegetation on site and in the surrounding areas, the native plant species that grow naturally on site and in the surrounding areas were selected. After on-site investigation, vegetation characteristics, analysis, and measurement, it was found that the native plant species suitable for direct soil improvement and vegetation restoration in alkaline and strongly alkaline red clay in the arid northwest region are: barley, bitter bean, spiny bean, short-flowered needlegrass, Achnatherum splendens, and Yinshan Lespedeza. Based on the data and analysis of the number of clusters, distribution, growth conditions, and role of these native plants in the native plant communities on site and in the surrounding areas, the best planting and matching methods were obtained.

[0054] Soil improvement was directly carried out on alkaline and strongly alkaline red clay soils on site, and native vegetation communities were rebuilt in areas without vegetation to restore vegetation. The mass ratio of barley, sophora alopecuroides, Oxytropis spinulosa, Stipa brevisflower, Achnatherum splendens and Lespedeza yinshanica was 4:2:1:2:1:1.

[0055] Select a planting site, and improve the soil and restore vegetation in the original topography and landforms. The average pH value of the 10 tested soil samples is 8.15, and the average contents of hydrolyzable nitrogen, available phosphorus, and available potassium are 9.32mg / Kg, 5.70mg / Kg, and 78.42mg / Kg, respectively. Sowing should be carried out within a week before the rainy season. Shallow rotary tillage should be carried out before sowing, with a tillage depth of 7cm. Planting is carried out according to soil conditions and by taking advantage of the characteristics of native plants such as self-propagation and strong adaptability. After the seeds mature and fall off, seedlings can be formed in the same year under suitable conditions.

[0056] Select native plant species such as barley, bitter bean, spiny petiole oxytropis, short-flowered needlegrass, Achnatherum splendens, and Yinshan Lespedeza, which are drought-resistant, cold-resistant, salt-alkali-tolerant, grazing-tolerant, have long seed storage period in the soil, and have strong adaptability, and re-build the native vegetation plant community by mixing and sowing, and adopt the direct improvement plan. Planting: Seeding amount 24g / m 2 , sowing depth 0.5cm, no plant spacing, and sowing evenly.

[0057] Because it relies on natural rainfall, it is a more economical and preferred method. In addition, it is a native plant with strong disease resistance, so pest control is sufficient. The main organic and pollution-free biochemical control method is adopted. Pests include locusts, middle ornate beetles, flower leeches, etc., which can be controlled by spraying 1200 times of matrine (low toxicity) extracted from Sophora flavescens and Sophora alopecuroides. Spray once. If insect engravings and eggs are found, the insect population density is greater than 10 heads / m 2 For prevention and control, you can use 700 times diluted matrine (low toxic powder) extracted from Sophora flavescens and Sophora alopecuroides to spray once.

[0058] The seeds are harvested manually when the pods turn light yellow-brown, tested for pests, and kept as seeds. In the second year's greening season, the soil is fertilized and the scattered bald spots that have not turned green are improved and replanted, and maintenance is continued for 5 years.

[0059] Test Example 1

[0060] Five years after planting and harvesting, the soil pH value and the contents of hydrolyzable nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium were tested (10 samples were taken to calculate the average value). The test results are shown in Table 1 below.

[0061] Table 1:

[0062] Grouping pH Hydrolyzable nitrogen (mg / Kg) Available phosphorus (mg / Kg) Fast-acting potassium (mg / Kg) Example 1 7.35 152.32 23.48 308.42 Example 2 7.71 116.77 21.32 284.3 Example 3 7.64 96.46 18.67 218.70

[0063] According to Table 1, after 5 planting and harvesting, the soils of Examples 1 to 3 all decreased and were suitable for the growth of vegetation. It can be seen that the method of the present invention has a good effect on improving alkaline and strongly alkaline red clay. Especially the effect of Example 1, the soil pH value was improved from strongly alkaline 8.72 to neutral 7.35, the hydrolyzable nitrogen content in the soil was improved from extremely low level 6 to high content level 1, the effective phosphorus content was improved from extremely low level 6 to high content level 2, and the available potassium content was improved from low level 5 to extremely high content level 1. This technical method improves the strongly alkaline red clay under the photovoltaic panel into a soil strip suitable for the growth of most plants, and is also fully capable of agricultural and animal husbandry production.

[0064] Test Example 2

[0065] The perennial plants planted in Example 1 were observed for 5 consecutive years, and the greening rate, plant height at maturity, and root penetration depth at maturity were tested in each greening season. The test results are shown in Table 2 below. Among them, the greening rate, plant height at maturity, and root penetration depth at maturity are all average values ​​within a certain area.

[0066] Table 2:

[0067]

[0068]

[0069] According to Table 2, the greening rate, plant height, and root penetration depth of perennial plants have shown an increasing trend year by year. After soil improvement, the soil is suitable for the growth of these vegetation. Through the development of the root system and the growth of the plants, a large and dense root network and biomass are formed, and a stable soil cortex and humus layer are formed between 0 and 34 cm on the surface of the soil, which effectively provides rich nutrition for plants, prevents soil erosion, and plays a role in preventing wind and sand. At the same time, the horizontal growth of the root system reaches a maximum depth of 127 cm, breaking the deep, wide and deep solid soil structure, and achieving comprehensive deep and deep improvement of strong alkaline and alkaline red clay.

[0070] Test Example 3

[0071] The plants planted in Example 1, Example 2, and Example 3 were observed for 5 consecutive years, and the number of column clusters of the vegetation was tested during the stable growth period. The test results are shown in Table 3 below.

[0072] Table 3:

[0073] Example 1 Example 2 Example 3 <![CDATA[Number of clumps per m in the first year 2 > 72 61 57 <![CDATA[Number of clusters per square meter in the second year 2 > 96 80 73 <![CDATA[Number of clumps per m in the third year 2 > 127 104 97 <![CDATA[Number of clumps per m in the fourth year 2 > 168 124 118 <![CDATA[Number of clumps per m in the fifth year 2 > 225 164 162

[0074] According to Table 3, the number of plants planted in Example 1, Example 2, and Example 3 gradually increased, and the strongly alkaline red clay was gradually suitable for the growth of vegetation after being improved. At the same time, a soil environment for the good growth of other plants was created, thereby improving the diversity of plants.

[0075] In the description of this specification, the description with reference to the terms "one embodiment", "some embodiments", "example", "specific example", or "some examples" etc. means that the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described in conjunction with the embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the above terms may be for different embodiments or examples. Moreover, the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described may be combined in any one or more embodiments or examples in a suitable manner. In addition, those skilled in the art may combine and combine the different embodiments or examples described in this specification and the features of the different embodiments or examples, unless they are contradictory.

[0076] In addition, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of the indicated technical features. Therefore, the features defined as "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of the features. In the description of the present invention, the meaning of "plurality" is at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise clearly and specifically defined.

[0077] Although the embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations may be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, and that the scope of the present invention is defined by the claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A method for improving alkaline and strongly alkaline red clay soil and restoring vegetation by directly planting plants, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: (a) Select native plant species by surveying and counting native vegetation on site and in the surrounding areas; (b) obtaining the planting and matching methods of the native plants according to the number of clusters, distribution, growth conditions and functions of the native plants in the site and surrounding native plant communities; (c) Selecting a planting site and performing rotary tillage; (d) sowing within a week before the onset of the rainy season; (e) Pest control.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that In step (a), according to field investigation, vegetation characteristics, analysis and measurement, the native plant species of alkaline and strongly alkaline red clay in the arid region of Northwest China include barley, sophora alopecuroides, spinulosa, Stipa brevifolia, Achnatherum splendens and Lespedeza yinshanica.

3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that In step (b), the native plants are combined in a mass ratio of 4:2:1:2:1:1 for barley, sophora alopecuroides, Oxytropis spinulosa, Stipa brevifolia, Achnatherum splendens and Lespedeza yinshanica.

4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that In step (b), the native plants are planted in a mixed manner, with no spacing between rows and plants, and are evenly spread.

5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that In step (c), the planting site is alkaline or strongly alkaline red clay with a pH value of 7.98 to 8.

77.

6. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that In step (c), the depth of rotary tillage is 5 to 7 cm.

7. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that In step (d), the sowing rate is 22-25 g / m 2 The sowing depth is 0.5 to 1 cm.

8. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that In step (e), the pest control is to spray 1000-1200 times of matrine extracted from Sophora flavescens and Sophora alopecuroides to control locusts, middle flower beetles and flower lice, and spray once.

9. The method according to claim 8, characterized in that The nymph population density is greater than 10 / m 2 If it is necessary to use 600-800 times diluted matrine extracted from Sophora flavescens and Sophora alopecuroides for spraying, spray once.

10. Use of the method according to any one of claims 1 to 9 in improving alkaline and strongly alkaline red clay and restoring vegetation.

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