Electromagnetic pressure field assisted laser forming device and method

Abstract

The invention provides a device and method for assisting laser forming by an electromagnetic pressure field, and the device comprises a pair of electrodes which are disposed above a metal workpiece, are in contact with the metal workpiece, and apply current to the metal workpiece; the magnetic poles are arranged above the metal workpiece and symmetrically located on the two sides of the laser, and the magnetic poles apply a magnetic field to the metal workpiece in the direction perpendicular to the current; the current applied by the pair of electrodes and the magnetic field applied by the pair of magnetic poles are configured to enable the generated Lorentz force to be perpendicular to a molten pool formed by laser on the surface of a metal workpiece, and pressure is formed on the surface of the molten pool; and the electrode and the magnetic pole can synchronously move along with laser to ensure that the electrode and the magnetic pole are fixed relative to the laser spot position, so that the pressure always acts on a molten pool and a molten pool tail high-temperature area. The method is beneficial to forming of large-specification metal parts, and the mechanical property of the metal parts can be improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of material processing, and in particular to a device and method for electromagnetic pressure field assisted laser forming. Background Art

[0002] Laser additive manufacturing, laser cladding and laser welding are commonly used laser processing methods. They all use laser to melt the surface of metal workpieces to form a micro-area molten pool, and then use the molten metal in the molten pool to quickly cool to form fine grains, thereby obtaining high-performance metal parts. However, during the laser processing process, due to factors such as metal vaporization, keyholes, and hydrogen precipitation, some pores usually remain in the molten pool, thereby deteriorating the mechanical properties of parts prepared by laser processing; in addition, due to the small volume of the molten pool, fast cooling rate of the molten liquid, and high temperature gradient during laser processing, there are usually large residual tensile stresses in the prepared parts, which can easily cause parts to crack or reduce fatigue life. Reducing the pores and residual tensile stresses in metal parts is an effective means to improve the mechanical properties of metal parts prepared by laser processing, but it is currently difficult to have effective means. Therefore, new means are needed to reduce or eliminate the pores in the molten pool and reduce residual stresses.

[0003] Existing laser processing mainly uses laser to melt metal, uses high cooling rate to form fine grains, and generates tensile stress. In order to reduce the porosity during laser processing, researchers and engineers have adopted laser remelting, introduction of ultrasound, and application of static magnetic field. These methods are difficult to change the temperature gradient during the solidification of the molten pool and have little effect on residual stress.

[0004] In order to reduce the residual stress during laser processing, the researchers used methods such as heating the metal parts and performing laser processing at high temperatures; however, in the additive manufacturing process, the substrate is generally heated, but as the height of the workpiece increases, the effect of this temperature effect will be greatly reduced. The above methods are difficult to reduce porosity and residual tensile stress at the same time.

[0005] After searching, the Chinese invention patent with application publication number CN116021034A discloses a multi-energy field synergistic gradient material preparation system, including a machine tool and a laser heating device, a forming cylinder, a substrate, an ultrasonic vibration device, a magnetic field device, an electric field device, a powder spreading device and a controller. The forming cylinder is fixed at the bottom of the workbench, and a first base that can be lifted and lowered along the Z axis is arranged inside. The substrate is fixedly mounted on the first base and is located in the first opening. The ultrasonic vibration device is used to emit ultrasonic waves to the substrate. The magnetic field device and the electric field device are both arranged below the substrate, and the direction and intensity of the magnetic field and the electric field acting on the substrate can be adjusted. The powder spreading device is used to form a single layer of powder to be processed on the substrate one by one, so that the direction and intensity of the magnetic field and the electric field are configured according to the components of the powder to be processed on the current substrate before laser processing. This patent is only applicable to laser powder bed fusion molding technology, and there are problems such as only being able to prepare small-sized workpieces and low current utilization. Summary of the invention

[0006] In view of the defects in the prior art, an object of the present invention is to provide a device and method for electromagnetic pressure field assisted laser forming.

[0007] According to one aspect of the present invention, there is provided an electromagnetic pressure field assisted laser forming device, comprising:

[0008] a pair of electrodes disposed above the metal workpiece and in contact with the metal workpiece, the pair of electrodes applying current to the metal workpiece;

[0009] A pair of magnetic poles are disposed above the metal workpiece and symmetrically located on both sides of the laser, and the pair of magnetic poles apply a magnetic field to the metal workpiece in a direction perpendicular to the current;

[0010] The current applied by the pair of electrodes and the magnetic field applied by the pair of magnetic poles are configured so that the generated Lorentz force is perpendicular to the molten pool caused by the laser on the surface of the metal workpiece, forming pressure on the surface of the molten pool;

[0011] The electrode and the magnetic pole can move synchronously with the laser to ensure that the position of the electrode and the magnetic pole relative to the laser spot remains fixed, so that pressure always acts on the molten pool and the high-temperature area at the tail of the molten pool.

[0012] Optionally, the electrode is in the form of a conductive wheel or a conductive slide plate that contacts the upper surface of the metal workpiece, so that the current flows through the surface of the metal workpiece.

[0013] Optionally, a clamping device is provided between the electrode and the metal workpiece, and the electrode is pressed tightly against the upper surface of the metal workpiece under the action of the clamping device.

[0014] Optionally, the distance between a pair of electrodes is set according to the laser moving speed and the required workpiece temperature.

[0015] Optionally, the current generated by the electrode is in the form of direct current or pulse current, and the current magnitude is determined according to the laser moving speed, the surface area of ​​the metal workpiece and the required pressure.

[0016] Optionally, the magnetic pole is fixed on a robotic arm, and the robotic arm drives the magnetic pole to move synchronously with the laser.

[0017] Optionally, the magnetic poles are permanent magnets or electromagnets, so that the generated magnetic field is perpendicular to the direction of the current and exerts pressure on the molten pool.

[0018] Optionally, the distance between a pair of magnetic poles is determined according to the size of the molten pool.

[0019] Optionally, the lower surface of the magnetic pole is close to the upper surface of the metal workpiece.

[0020] According to another aspect of the present invention, a method for electromagnetic pressure field assisted laser forming is provided, which is implemented using the above-mentioned electromagnetic pressure field assisted laser forming device, and the method comprises:

[0021] Turn on the current, turn on the laser, and perform laser forming processing;

[0022] The current applied by the electrode and the magnetic field applied by the magnetic pole are adjusted so that the generated Lorentz force is perpendicular to the molten pool caused by the laser on the surface of the metal workpiece, forming pressure on the surface of the molten pool;

[0023] During the laser forming process, the electrode and the magnetic pole move synchronously with the laser spot to ensure that the position of the electrode and the magnetic pole relative to the laser spot remains fixed, so that the pressure always acts on the molten pool and the high-temperature area at the tail of the molten pool.

[0024] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has at least one of the following beneficial effects:

[0025] 1. The electromagnetic pressure field assisted laser forming device and method provided by the present invention exerts pressure on the molten pool through the combined action of the electric field and the magnetic field. The melt solidifies under pressure, and the Joule heat generated by the electric current is used to heat the metal workpiece to be processed, which can reduce the residual tensile stress in the solidification area, effectively reduce the porosity defects therein, and increase the density, thereby improving the mechanical properties of the metal parts.

[0026] 2. The present invention uses movable electrodes and magnetic poles, which can move synchronously with the movement of the laser spot, thereby maintaining the consistency of magnetic field strength, improving current utilization efficiency, and facilitating laser forming processing of large-sized metal parts. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0027] Other features, objects and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent from the detailed description of non-limiting embodiments made with reference to the following drawings:

[0028] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of electromagnetic pressure-assisted additive manufacturing in one embodiment of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of laser surface remelting under electromagnetic pressure in one embodiment of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 3 The synchrotron radiation test result of the lattice constant of the molten pool structure after remelting in Application Example 2 of the present invention;

[0031] The corresponding reference numerals in the figure are: 1-metal workpiece, 21-negative electrode, 22-positive electrode, 31-first magnetic pole, 32-second magnetic pole, 4-laser. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0032] The present invention is described in detail below in conjunction with specific embodiments. The following embodiments will help those skilled in the art to further understand the present invention, but are not intended to limit the present invention in any form. It should be noted that, for those of ordinary skill in the art, several variations and improvements may be made without departing from the concept of the present invention. These all belong to the protection scope of the present invention.

[0033] The embodiment of the present invention provides a device for electromagnetic pressure field assisted laser forming, referring to Figure 1 and Figure 2 The device includes a pair of electrodes and a pair of magnetic poles. The pair of electrodes are arranged above the metal workpiece 1 and in contact with the metal workpiece 1. The pair of electrodes include a negative electrode 21 and a positive electrode 22, which are used to apply current to the metal workpiece 1; a pair of magnetic poles are arranged above the metal workpiece 1 and symmetrically located on both sides of the laser 4, the laser 4 is located at the center of the pair of magnetic poles, and the pair of magnetic poles include a first magnetic pole 31 and a second magnetic pole 32, which apply a magnetic field to the metal workpiece 1 in a direction perpendicular to the current; the current applied by the pair of electrodes and the magnetic field applied by the pair of magnetic poles are constructed so that the generated Lorentz force is perpendicular to the molten pool caused by the laser 4 on the surface of the metal workpiece 1, and pressure is formed on the surface of the molten pool; the electrode and the magnetic pole can move synchronously with the laser 4 to ensure that the position of the electrode and the magnetic pole relative to the laser spot remains fixed, so that the pressure always acts on the molten pool and the high-temperature area at the tail of the molten pool.

[0034] The embodiment of the present invention adds current and magnetic field at the same time, and adjusts the combination of electrodes and magnetic poles. On the one hand, the current and magnetic field work together to generate Lorentz force as pressure, which applies pressure to the metal workpiece (metal part) processed by laser, so that the molten pool solidifies under pressure to form a dense structure; on the other hand, the current generates Joule heat in the metal workpiece, and the Joule heat generated by the current heats the metal workpiece (substrate) to be processed, reducing the temperature gradient during the solidification process of the molten pool, thereby reducing residual stress, effectively reducing the pore defects therein, and improving the density, thereby improving the mechanical properties of the metal part. Moreover, through the movable electrodes and magnetic poles, the magnetic poles and electrodes can move synchronously with the movement of the laser spot, which can maintain the consistency of the magnetic field strength, improve the current utilization efficiency, ensure the stability of the magnetic field strength and current density in the molten pool, and form a larger Lorentz force, which is helpful for the laser forming of large-scale and complex metal parts.

[0035] In some embodiments, the electrode is in the form of a conductive wheel that directly contacts the upper surface of the metal workpiece to perform a conductive function, so that current flows through the surface of the metal workpiece.

[0036] In some other embodiments, the electrode is in the form of a conductive slide. In some other embodiments, the electrode can also be moved in other structural forms to ensure that the electrode remains fixed relative to the laser spot position. When the surface area of ​​the metal workpiece is large, by adjusting the position of the electrode, only part of the surface of the metal workpiece (including the molten pool) has current, which is conducive to increasing the current density passing through the molten pool, increasing the pressure and pressure formed, and the pressure effect is significant.

[0037] In order to achieve close contact between the electrode and the surface of the metal workpiece, in some embodiments, a clamping device is provided between the electrode and the metal workpiece, and the electrode is pressed against the upper surface of the metal workpiece under the action of the clamping device. Preferably, the clamping device adopts a spring, and the electrode is pressed against the upper surface of the metal workpiece under the action of the spring elastic force. In some other embodiments, other forms of clamping devices can also be used, and the embodiments of the present invention do not specifically limit this.

[0038] In the above embodiment, in order to reduce the solidification rate of the molten pool, the metal parts are heated by electric current. The higher the temperature, the smaller the residual stress of the workpiece will be, but the grains will be coarse and its mechanical properties will be reduced. Therefore, the heating temperature (required workpiece temperature) needs to be controlled. The required workpiece temperature refers to the local temperature of the workpiece after the current heats the local area of ​​the workpiece. This temperature can meet the requirements of reducing the residual stress of the metal workpiece and improving the mechanical properties. The electrodes are symmetrically located above the metal workpiece, and the distance between a pair of electrodes is set according to the laser moving speed and the required workpiece temperature. The electrode spacing is small, and it is in close contact with the upper surface of the metal workpiece and moves with the laser spot. Therefore, in the laser forming process, the current only flows through the metal workpiece surface between the electrodes and heats the local area near the molten pool. A higher current density can be achieved using a smaller current, which can improve the current utilization efficiency.

[0039] In some embodiments, the current generated by the electrode is in the form of direct current or pulsed current, and the current magnitude is determined according to the laser moving speed, the surface area of ​​the metal workpiece, and the required pressure. Heating the metal workpiece by current can reduce the residual stress after the molten pool solidifies, which is beneficial to improving its mechanical properties.

[0040] In order to achieve synchronous movement of the magnetic pole with the laser, the magnetic pole is fixed on a mechanical arm, and the mechanical arm drives the magnetic pole to move synchronously with the laser. In some embodiments, the magnetic pole and the laser head are both fixed on the mechanical arm, so that the relative position of the magnetic pole and the laser is fixed and moves synchronously with the mechanical arm.

[0041] In some other embodiments, the magnetic pole is fixed on one robotic arm, and the laser head is fixed on another robotic arm, and the synchronous movement of the magnetic pole and the robotic arms is achieved by controlling the moving directions and speeds of the two robotic arms.

[0042] The above-mentioned embodiment applies pressure to the molten pool through movable electrodes and magnetic poles, and is suitable for different processes such as additive manufacturing, laser welding, and laser cladding. Through the movable electrodes and magnetic poles, when processing large metal workpieces, the current size can be reduced while ensuring a suitable current density, thereby achieving the purpose of energy saving and being more operational.

[0043] In some embodiments, the magnetic poles are permanent magnets, so that the generated magnetic field is perpendicular to the direction of the current and forms pressure on the molten pool.

[0044] In some other embodiments, the magnetic poles are electromagnets. Preferably, the magnetic field generated by the electromagnets is a pulsed magnetic field, and the strength of the magnetic field is determined according to the required pressure and the set current.

[0045] Because the laser spot is usually of a small size, the magnetic pole spacing can be kept at a very small value without changing with the width of the metal workpiece, and is not limited by the size of the metal workpiece. The magnetic poles are located above the surface of the metal workpiece and are relatively small in spacing. The magnetic field intensity acting on the molten pool is relatively high and moves with the laser, thereby maintaining the consistency and stability of the magnetic field intensity. The distance between a pair of magnetic poles is determined according to the size of the molten pool. Preferably, the magnetic poles are 3-10 mm away from the outer edge of the molten pool. Compared with the arrangement in the prior art in which the magnetic poles are located on both sides of the workpiece and the magnetic pole spacing increases with the increase in the size of the workpiece, the magnetic pole spacing in the embodiment of the present invention is smaller and has nothing to do with the size of the metal workpiece. The embodiment of the present invention has advantages in the preparation of large and complex workpieces, and can be used in the fields of laser welding, laser additive manufacturing, laser surface cladding repair, etc., and has strong versatility.

[0046] In some embodiments, under the premise of ensuring that the magnetic pole moves smoothly with the laser, the closer the magnetic pole is to the surface of the metal workpiece, the greater the magnetic field strength in the molten pool. Therefore, the magnetic pole needs to be as close to the workpiece surface as possible. However, the surface is relatively rough after laser processing. To ensure the smooth movement of the magnetic pole, the lower surface of the magnetic pole is set to maintain a certain distance from the upper surface of the metal workpiece, for example, not more than 8 mm. It should be noted that the distance between the lower surface of the magnetic pole and the upper surface of the metal workpiece can be arbitrarily adjusted according to the actual laser processing process.

[0047] In the embodiment of the present invention, current is applied to the workpiece through electrodes at both ends of the molten pool, and a magnetic field is applied perpendicular to the direction of the current. There are many combinations of the direction of the current and the magnetic field. The Lorentz law is used to make the direction of the Lorentz force generated by the electromagnetic field perpendicular to the metal part to form pressure on the molten pool. The pressure acts on the molten pool, where the pores can be compressed or promote the escape of pores from the molten pool, and the shrinkage capacity of the melt in the semi-solid zone can also be improved, thereby reducing the porosity of the metal part. On the other hand, the current flowing through the workpiece will generate Joule heat, thereby heating the metal part, reducing the temperature gradient during the cooling process of the metal melt, and reducing the residual tensile stress. In addition, the electromagnetic pressure can also offset the residual tensile stress formed by the solidification of the metal, thereby reducing the porosity and residual tensile stress at the same time, and improving the density of the organization after the molten pool solidifies. The above embodiment of the present invention, by synchronously moving the magnetic poles and electrodes with the movement of the laser spot, can be applied to the laser forming processing of large-scale metal parts, such as coaxial powder feeding additive manufacturing, laser welding, laser cladding technology, etc., and can improve the mechanical properties of metal parts.

[0048] Another embodiment of the present invention provides a method for electromagnetic pressure field assisted laser forming, which is implemented using the above-mentioned electromagnetic pressure field assisted laser forming device, and includes:

[0049] S1, turn on the current, turn on the laser, and perform laser forming processing;

[0050] S2, adjusting the current applied by the electrode and the magnetic field applied by the magnetic pole so that the generated Lorentz force is perpendicular to the molten pool caused by the laser on the surface of the metal workpiece, forming pressure on the surface of the molten pool;

[0051] S3. During the laser forming process, the electrode and the magnetic pole move synchronously with the laser spot to ensure that the position of the electrode and the magnetic pole relative to the laser spot remains fixed, so that the pressure always acts on the molten pool and the high-temperature area at the tail of the molten pool.

[0052] The method in the embodiment of the present invention applies current and magnetic field at the same time, and adjusts the combination of electrodes and magnetic poles so that the molten pool on the surface of the metal workpiece solidifies under pressure. At the same time, the Joule heat generated by the current is used to heat the workpiece, reduce the temperature gradient, and achieve complete forming of high-density, low residual stress metal parts. The laser forming processing of large-scale metal parts is achieved by moving the electrodes and magnetic poles.

[0053] The technical solution of the present application is further described below with more specific application examples.

[0054] Application Example 1

[0055] Continue to refer to Figure 1 The arrow direction in the figure indicates the direction of laser movement. The above-mentioned electromagnetic pressure field assisted laser forming device and method are applied to the coaxial powder feeding process for metal additive manufacturing. The specific steps are as follows:

[0056] (1) The spot diameter of the laser 4 used in the additive manufacturing process is 1 mm, the laser power is 550 W, and the moving speed of the laser 4 is 10 mm / s;

[0057] (2) A copper wheel is used as an electrode, and a pair of electrodes (including a negative electrode 21 and a positive electrode 22) are located in the moving direction of the laser 4. The positive electrode 22 is located at the front edge of the laser moving line, 20 mm away from the light spot, and the negative electrode 21 is located at the rear end of the laser moving line, 25 mm away from the light spot. The electrodes are tightly attached to the surface of the metal workpiece 1 under the action of a spring;

[0058] (3) A permanent magnet is used as a magnetic pole, the magnetic pole length is 50 mm, the distance between the two magnetic poles (including the first magnetic pole 31 and the second magnetic pole 32) is 3 mm, the laser 4 is located at the center of the magnetic pole, the nominal magnetic field strength is 1 T, and the lower surface of the magnetic pole is 1 mm away from the upper surface of the metal workpiece 1.

[0059] (4) Use pulse current with a current of 40A and a frequency of 30Hz;

[0060] (5) In the additive manufacturing process, the current is first turned on, then the laser is turned on and the powder is fed to perform laser additive manufacturing;

[0061] (6) The electrodes and magnetic poles follow the movement of the laser spot and process layer by layer.

[0062] Application Example 2

[0063] Continue to refer to Figure 2 The arrow in the figure indicates the direction of laser movement. The above-mentioned electromagnetic pressure field assisted laser forming device and method are applied to the laser surface remelting process, so that the molten pool solidifies under pressure. Taking 304 stainless steel as an example, the specific steps are as follows:

[0064] (1) The spot diameter of the laser 4 used in the laser surface remelting process is 0.5 mm, the laser power is 1250 W, and the laser moving speed is 3 mm / s;

[0065] (2) A copper slide plate is used as an electrode, and a pair of electrodes (including a negative electrode 21 and a positive electrode 22) are perpendicular to the moving direction of the laser 4. The positive and negative electrodes act on the surface of the metal workpiece 1 respectively, and the positive and negative electrodes are 15 mm away from the laser spot. The electrodes are tightly attached to the surface of the metal workpiece 1 under the action of the spring;

[0066] (3) A permanent magnet is used as a magnetic pole, the length of the magnetic pole is 10 mm, the nominal magnetic field strength is 1 T, the lower surface of the two magnetic poles (including the first magnetic pole 31 and the second magnetic pole 32) is 1 mm away from the upper surface of the metal workpiece 1. The distance between the two magnetic poles is 8 mm, the two magnets are located on the moving path of the laser 4, and the laser 4 is located at the center of the two magnetic poles;

[0067] (4) Pulse current is used, the current is 48A and the frequency is 50Hz;

[0068] (5) During the laser surface remelting process, the current is first turned on, and then the laser is turned on for laser welding;

[0069] (6) The electrodes and magnetic poles follow the movement of the laser spot until the surface remelting process is completed.

[0070] According to the above method, the surface of 304 stainless steel was remelted, and the 304 alloy without electromagnetic pressure forming was used as a comparison. The lattice constant of the alloy in the solidified area after remelting was detected by synchrotron radiation. The results are as follows: Figure 3 shown. Figure 3 The results show that, at the same position in the molten pool, the lattice constant of the 304 alloy after electromagnetic pressure forming is smaller than that of the alloy without electromagnetic pressure forming, that is, the residual tensile stress therein is reduced; residual compressive stress is even formed in some areas (such as area 30).

[0071] In the above-mentioned embodiment of the present invention, during the laser processing, an electric current is applied to the metal workpiece through the electrode, and a magnetic field is applied through the magnetic pole in a direction perpendicular to the electric current. By using the Lorentz law, the current direction and the magnetic field direction are adjusted so that the generated Lorentz force is perpendicular to the molten pool caused by the laser, thereby forming pressure. During the laser processing, the laser moves relative to the surface of the workpiece, and the positions of the electrode and the magnetic pole can be adjusted. The electrode and the magnetic field can move with the laser on the surface of the workpiece to ensure that the relative position of the laser spot remains fixed, and ensure that the molten pool is within the pressure field formed by the current and the magnetic field, so that the pressure always acts on the molten pool and the high-temperature area at the tail of the molten pool. The above-mentioned embodiment is not limited by the size of the metal workpiece, and can be applied to the laser forming processing of large-sized metal parts, and improve the mechanical properties of the metal parts.

[0072] The above describes the specific embodiments of the present invention. It should be understood that the present invention is not limited to the above specific embodiments, and those skilled in the art can make various modifications or variations within the scope of the claims, which does not affect the essence of the present invention. The above preferred features can be used in any combination without conflicting with each other.

Claims

1. An electromagnetic pressure field assisted laser forming device, characterized in that: include: a pair of electrodes disposed above the metal workpiece and in contact with the metal workpiece, the pair of electrodes applying current to the metal workpiece; A pair of magnetic poles are disposed above the metal workpiece and symmetrically located on both sides of the laser, and the pair of magnetic poles apply a magnetic field to the metal workpiece in a direction perpendicular to the current; The current applied by the pair of electrodes and the magnetic field applied by the pair of magnetic poles are configured so that the generated Lorentz force is perpendicular to the molten pool caused by the laser on the surface of the metal workpiece, forming pressure on the surface of the molten pool; The electrode and the magnetic pole can move synchronously with the laser to ensure that the position of the electrode and the magnetic pole relative to the laser spot remains fixed, so that pressure always acts on the molten pool and the high-temperature area at the tail of the molten pool.

2. The electromagnetic pressure field assisted laser forming device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The electrode is in the form of a conductive wheel or a conductive slide plate and contacts the upper surface of the metal workpiece, so that the current flows through the surface of the metal workpiece.

3. The electromagnetic pressure field assisted laser forming device according to claim 1, characterized in that: A clamping device is provided between the electrode and the metal workpiece, and the electrode is closely attached to the upper surface of the metal workpiece under the action of the clamping device.

4. The electromagnetic pressure field assisted laser forming device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The distance between the pair of electrodes is set according to the laser moving speed and the required workpiece temperature.

5. The electromagnetic pressure field assisted laser forming device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The current generated by the electrode is in the form of direct current or pulse current, and the current magnitude is determined according to the laser moving speed, the surface area of ​​the metal workpiece and the required pressure.

6. The electromagnetic pressure field assisted laser forming device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The magnetic pole is fixed on a mechanical arm, and the magnetic pole is driven by the mechanical arm to move synchronously with the laser.

7. The electromagnetic pressure field assisted laser forming device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The magnetic poles are permanent magnets or electromagnets, so that the generated magnetic field is perpendicular to the direction of the current and forms pressure on the molten pool.

8. The electromagnetic pressure field assisted laser forming device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The distance between the pair of magnetic poles is determined according to the size of the molten pool.

9. The electromagnetic pressure field assisted laser forming device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The lower surface of the magnetic pole is close to the upper surface of the metal workpiece.

10. A method for electromagnetic pressure field assisted laser forming, implemented by using the electromagnetic pressure field assisted laser forming device according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: include: Turn on the current, turn on the laser, and perform laser forming processing; The current applied by the electrode and the magnetic field applied by the magnetic pole are adjusted so that the generated Lorentz force is perpendicular to the molten pool caused by the laser on the surface of the metal workpiece, forming pressure on the surface of the molten pool; During the laser forming process, the electrode and the magnetic pole move synchronously with the laser spot to ensure that the position of the electrode and the magnetic pole relative to the laser spot remains fixed, so that the pressure always acts on the molten pool and the high-temperature area at the tail of the molten pool.

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