Method for producing organic fertilizer from livestock and poultry manure without fermentation

Abstract

The invention provides a fermentation-free method for producing an organic fertilizer from livestock and poultry manure, which comprises the following steps: mixing a loose plant source material, peat soil or humus soil, penicillium mycelium, stearic acid and fresh livestock and poultry manure, sterilizing at high temperature, killing insects and drying to obtain the fermentation-free organic fertilizer. Compared with the traditional composting fermentation, the production time is greatly shortened, the occupied area is reduced, odor pollution is avoided, and organic matters in the excrement are reserved. The method is suitable for various livestock and poultry manure such as cow manure, chicken manure and pig manure, and is particularly suitable for increasing the plant height, the diameter circumference and the biomass of eggplant plants. Experimental results show that the fermentation-free organic fertilizer can significantly improve growth indexes of ryegrass and eggplant plants, such as plant height and biomass, and has a wide application prospect.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of livestock and poultry excrement processing methods, and in particular to the technical field of a method for producing organic fertilizer from livestock and poultry excrement without fermentation. Background Art

[0002] my country is a large livestock breeding country. In the process of livestock and poultry breeding, up to 3.8 billion tons of manure is produced every year, mainly cow manure, chicken manure and pig manure. Livestock and poultry manure is an important source of agricultural and rural pollution.

[0003] Organic fertilizer is the best fertilizer for planting. Due to my country's zero-growth policy on chemical fertilizers, the production of chemical fertilizers is restricted. Vigorously developing organic fertilizers is the main direction to promote the development of my country's agriculture.

[0004] All animal feces contain infectious pathogens such as pathogens and roundworm eggs. Since concentrated breeding has become the main mode of modern breeding, in order to prevent the occurrence of infectious diseases, a large number of antibiotics are used, resulting in the widespread presence of drug-resistant strains in animal feces. Preventing the transmission of drug-resistant strains to humans is an important goal of treating livestock and poultry feces pollution. The best way to prevent livestock and poultry manure from polluting the environment is to produce manure into organic fertilizer and return it to the field. This method not only solves the problem of manure polluting the environment, but also converts it into valuable organic fertilizer for agricultural green planting. Composting is the main treatment method for producing organic fertilizer from manure, followed by fermentation or direct application. However, composting fermentation takes a long time, generally 1-2 months. At the same time, composting takes up a large area and releases odor, which has become an important limiting factor affecting environmental impact assessment and an important reason why organic fertilizer plants are often complained by surrounding residents. The complex process leads to high prices for organic fertilizers, which restricts the promotion and use of organic fertilizers. The fermentation method of manure also takes a long time, and the sterilization and insecticide effects are very poor, and the treatment efficiency is low.

[0005] As large-scale centralized breeding becomes more and more the mainstream model of my country's breeding industry, the output of manure is large and concentrated, and the treatment process is more complicated, which further aggravates the difficulty of livestock and poultry manure treatment and becomes an important factor restricting the development of the breeding industry.

[0006] Directly returning livestock and poultry manure to the fields is also a way of utilization, and some people use it in some specific cases. However, livestock and poultry manure contains a large number of pathogenic microorganisms and roundworm eggs. If not treated or treated improperly, these pathogenic microorganisms and roundworm eggs will spread in the environment and endanger human health. At the same time, direct application of unfermented livestock and poultry manure will cause crop root burn, crop death or loss. Summary of the invention

[0007] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is that the conventional livestock and poultry excrement is mainly used for producing organic fertilizer by composting and fermentation, which has the defects of long time consumption (generally 1-2 months), large land occupation, release of odor to pollute the environment, greatly reduced organic matter content, unstable product quality, etc. At the same time, although directly returning livestock and poultry excrement to the field is a utilization method, it contains a large number of pathogenic microorganisms and roundworm eggs, and improper handling may lead to environmental transmission and crop root burn problems. Therefore, the present invention aims to provide a method for producing organic fertilizer without fermentation of livestock and poultry excrement, so as to overcome the above problems existing in the prior art.

[0008] The present invention is implemented by the following technical solution.

[0009] The invention discloses a method for producing organic fertilizer from livestock and poultry excrement without fermentation, comprising the following steps: mixing a composite additive consisting of loose plant source materials, peat soil or humus soil, Penicillium mycelium and stearic acid with fresh livestock and poultry excrement in a certain proportion (by mass), then sterilizing and killing insects at high temperature, drying at high temperature to a moisture content of less than 10%, and finally cooling and packaging to obtain the organic fertilizer without fermentation.

[0010] Furthermore, the amount of the loose material added in the present invention is 10-30% (mass), preferably 15-25% of the feces raw material.

[0011] Furthermore, the amount of peat soil or humus soil added in the present invention is 5-30% (mass) of the feces raw material, preferably 10-20%.

[0012] Furthermore, the addition amount of the Penicillium mycelium of the present invention is 0.1-10% (mass), preferably 0.5-5% of the feces raw material.

[0013] Furthermore, the added amount of stearic acid in the present invention is 0.1-10% (mass), preferably 0.5-5% of the feces raw material.

[0014] Furthermore, the high temperature sterilization and insecticidal treatment of the present invention is carried out in a sealed heatable container at 120° C. for 30 minutes to 2 hours.

[0015] Furthermore, the high temperature drying of the present invention is carried out at 100-120° C. using a spiral dryer until the moisture content of the product reaches below 10%.

[0016] Furthermore, the loose plant-based material of the present invention is at least one of fermented pine needles, edible fungus residues, and fermented peanut shells.

[0017] Furthermore, the livestock and poultry manure of the present invention is at least one of cow manure, chicken manure and pig manure.

[0018] The invention discloses an application of the non-fermentation organic fertilizer prepared by the method for producing organic fertilizer by non-fermentation of livestock and poultry excrement in improving the germination rate, plant height or biomass of ryegrass seeds.

[0019] The non-fermentation organic fertilizer prepared by the method for producing organic fertilizer without fermentation of livestock and poultry excrement described in the present invention is used in increasing the plant height or diameter or biomass of eggplant plants.

[0020] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0021] 1. It can complete the manure treatment in 2-3 hours. Compared with the traditional composting which takes up to 1-2 months, the entire production process of this technology only takes 2-3 hours, which shortens the production time and improves production efficiency. At the same time, due to the shortened production time, it does not require a large area of ​​yard and processing workshop, which can greatly reduce the floor space occupied during manure treatment.

[0022] 2. Feces generally contain high levels of nitrogen, such as a large amount of nitrogen-containing organic matter. During composting, these excess nitrogen sources will be converted into ammonia and released into the air; sulfur compounds will be converted into H2S. These gases have a very bad odor and are the main source of air pollution in composting production. Since this product does not go through the fermentation process, there is no pollution to the environment caused by the production of ammonia and hydrogen sulfide.

[0023] 3. During the composting production process, the organic matter in the raw materials will be strongly degraded, resulting in a large loss of organic matter content in the compost. At the same time, the large amount of ammonia released by the degradation of nitrogen-containing compounds is not only an important source of environmental pollution, but also the most important nitrogen source for plants. The release of a large amount of ammonia leads to a significant reduction in the nutritional value of feces raw materials. However, since this technology does not have a fermentation process, the organic matter in the feces is completely retained, which greatly reduces the loss of raw materials due to fermentation. These organic matters can be slowly fermented in the field, which can greatly increase the biological activity of the soil.

[0024] 4. Since the products produced by this technology have very little water content, the product quality is very stable and the shelf life is longer; while the compost products have a water content of 20-30%, the products will continue to ferment, resulting in changes in product quality and weight loss;

[0025] 5. The product has wide adaptability. Pig manure, cow manure and chicken manure can all be treated by this method.

[0026] 6. The product is particularly suitable for application in germination rate, plant height or biomass of ryegrass seeds.

[0027] 7. The product is particularly suitable for increasing the survival rate, plant height, diameter or biomass of eggplant plants after transplantation.

[0028] The present invention will be further explained below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0029] Figure 1 This is a diagram of the germination of the product before and after treatment with fresh chicken manure.

[0030] Figure 2 The effect of different treatments on ryegrass plant height; Note: Different lowercase letters between different treatments at the same harvest indicate significant differences (P < 0.05) CK: no fertilizer; N: urea; S: commercial decomposed chicken manure fertilizer; M: non-fermented chicken manure fertilizer. Treatment plant height effect: non-fermented chicken manure > urea fertilizer > decomposed chicken manure.

[0031] Figure 3 The effect of different treatments on the fresh weight (left) and dry weight (right) of ryegrass; Note: Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences between different treatments at the same harvest (P < 0.05); CK: no fertilizer; N: urea application; S: commercial decomposed chicken manure fertilizer; M: non-fermented chicken manure fertilizer. Treatment biomass effect: non-fermented chicken manure > urea fertilizer > decomposed chicken manure.

[0032] Figure 4 This is a graph of ryegrass growth after being treated with various chicken manures;

[0033] Figure 5 This is the survival rate of eggplant plants treated with non-fermented chicken manure; ck: conventional fertilization; m: 25% reduction in chemical fertilizer + non-fermented chicken manure, all treatment groups survived normally.

[0034] Figure 6 The plant height of eggplant plants treated with non-fermented chicken manure; Note: Different lowercase letters between different treatments indicate significant differences (P < 0.05); ck: conventional fertilization; m: 25% reduction in chemical fertilizer + non-fermented chicken manure. Compared with the ck treatment, the plant height of the m treatment increased significantly.

[0035] Figure 7 The diameter of eggplant plants under the treatment of non-fermented chicken manure. ck: conventional fertilization; m: 25% reduction in chemical fertilizer + non-fermented chicken manure; Compared with the ck treatment, the diameter of m: 25% reduction in chemical fertilizer + non-fermented chicken manure treatment increased significantly. Note: Different lowercase letters between different treatments indicate significant differences (P < 0.05);

[0036] Figure 8 The biomass of eggplant plants under the treatment of non-fermented chicken manure. ck: conventional fertilization; m: 25% reduction in chemical fertilizer + non-fermented chicken manure; 25% reduction in chemical fertilizer + non-fermented chicken manure treatment can significantly increase the biomass of eggplant plants. Note: Different lowercase letters between different treatments indicate significant differences (P < 0.05);

[0037] Fig. 9The growth status of potted eggplant plants treated with non-fermented chicken manure. ck: conventional fertilization, and more spots on the leaves; m: 25% reduction in chemical fertilizer + non-fermented chicken manure. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0038] The following examples are only a part of the technical solution of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the entire technical solution of the present invention. The examples of the present invention are provided to further explain and illustrate the details of the technical solution of the present invention.

[0039] The following is the experimental effect of the product developed by the present invention using chicken manure as raw material.

[0040] Determination of germination rate of non-fermented chicken manure: After non-fermented chicken manure is prepared according to the above method, 50g of fresh dry chicken manure and non-fermented chicken manure are weighed and placed in a disposable paper cup with holes punched at the bottom (for ventilation). Three replicates are set for each group. The mixture is cultured at room temperature for about a week, and the germination rate of ryegrass seeds is counted.

[0041] 1. Effect of non-fermented chicken manure fertilizer on ryegrass growth

[0042] A total of four fertilization schemes were designed for the experiment, including an unfertilized control group CK and three fertilization treatments. The three fertilization treatments were urea treatment N; commercial decomposed chicken manure fertilizer S; and non-fermented chicken manure M. Each group planted 20g (800 seeds) of tetraploid ryegrass seeds, and each experimental group had three replicates. Before planting, mix non-fermented chicken manure, fully decomposed commercial organic fertilizer, and urea into the soil. After planting, irrigate once to soak the soil. Harvest once a month, leaving 5 to 10 cm of stubble when harvesting to ensure the normal growth of ryegrass in the future. The amount of fertilizer used is as follows:

[0043] Table 1. Fertilizer application rate for each treatment group

[0044]

[0045] Ryegrass was harvested and counted every 30 days, for a total of three harvests. Topdressing was performed after the first harvest, and the amount of fertilizer applied was the same as the first time. Microsoft office Excel 2016 software was used to organize the data, and SPSS software was used to perform significance analysis on the data, with a significance level of P<0.05. Origin pro2021 software was used to draw charts.

[0046] In fresh chicken manure, the average germination rate of seeds was 0. After the non-fermentation treatment, the average germination rate of seeds in non-fermentation chicken manure reached more than 95% (Table 2), and it was able to promote the growth of ryegrass well.

[0047] Table 2 Germination rate of ryegrass on chicken manure with different treatments

[0048]

[0049] 2. Effect of non-fermented chicken manure fertilizer on ryegrass plant height

[0050] like Figure 2 As shown in the figure, except for the S treatment, the other fertilization treatments can significantly increase the plant height of ryegrass compared with the CK treatment, and the S treatment has a less promoting effect on ryegrass than the N treatment. At the first harvest, the average plant height of the M group reached 64 cm, and there was a significant difference between the S treatment and the N treatment. At the second harvest, the M treatment showed a significant difference in plant height compared with other treatments, with an average plant height of 57.3 cm, while there was no significant difference in plant height between the S treatment and the unfertilized treatment CK. At the third harvest, the M treatment had a significant difference in plant height compared with other groups, with a plant height of 54.3 cm. This shows that the effect of non-fermented chicken manure fertilizer on the plant height of ryegrass is the most significant, and its application effect is better than urea fertilizer and decomposed chicken manure fertilizer.

[0051] 3. Effect of non-fermented chicken manure fertilizer on ryegrass biomass

[0052] like Figure 3 , Figure 4 As shown in the figure, except for the S treatment, compared with the non-fertilization treatment, the other fertilization treatments can significantly increase the fresh weight of ryegrass. The S treatment contributes the least to the biomass of ryegrass, and the effect is not as good as the N treatment. At the first harvest, the average fresh weight of the M group reached 413.06g, and there was a significant difference between the S treatment and the N treatment. At the second harvest, the fresh weight of the M treatment still showed significant differences compared with other treatments, with an average fresh weight of 285.16g, while the effect of the decomposed chicken manure S treatment was average, and there was no significant difference between it and the N treatment. At the third harvest, the M treatment had a significant difference in plant height compared with other groups, and the fresh weight of the M treatment was still the largest, with a fresh weight of 214.13g. The effects of different treatments on the dry weight of ryegrass were the same as those on the fresh weight. This shows that the effect of fermentation-free chicken manure fertilizer on ryegrass biomass is the most significant, and the application effect is the best.

[0053] 4. Effect of applying non-fermented chicken manure on the survival rate of eggplant plants after transplantation

[0054] like Figure 5 As shown, the transplant survival rate of eggplant plants treated with ck (control group) was 67%, and the transplant survival rate of m (experimental group) was 100%, indicating that the application of fermentation-free chicken manure fertilizer with reduced amount of chemical fertilizer will not have adverse effects on crop growth.

[0055] 5. Effect of applying non-fermented chicken manure on the height of eggplant plants

[0056] Depend on Figure 6It can be seen that compared with the ck treatment, the m treatment can promote plant growth and has a significant promoting effect on plant height. The eggplant plant has the highest plant height, with an average plant height of 28 cm, and its contribution to plant height is greater than that of the ck treatment. It can be seen that the effect of reducing chemical fertilizers and applying non-fermented chicken manure fertilizer is better than that of applying chemical fertilizers alone.

[0057] 6. Effect of applying non-fermented chicken manure on the diameter of eggplant plants

[0058] Depend on Figure 7 It can be seen that compared with the ck treatment, the m treatment can promote plant growth and increase the plant diameter. The average diameter is 3.5 cm, and the diameter is significantly larger than that of the ck treatment, indicating that the fermentation-free chicken manure has a significant effect on promoting plant growth and the application effect is good.

[0059] 7. Effect of applying non-fermented chicken manure on the biomass of eggplant plants

[0060] like Figure 8 As shown in the figure, compared with the ck treatment, the m treatment had the greatest effect on the biomass of eggplant plants and could effectively increase the biomass of eggplant plants. The m treatment could significantly increase the aboveground fresh weight, aboveground dry weight, and underground fresh weight and dry weight of eggplant plants, and the m treatment made a significant contribution to the biomass of eggplant plants. It can be seen that the application of non-fermented chicken manure fertilizer has a significant promoting effect on plant growth, while the application of fresh chicken manure has a general effect.

[0061] Example:

[0062] Embodiment 1. Collect 10kg of fresh cow dung, add 1kg of crushed edible fungus residue, 1kg of peat soil, 100g of Penicillium mycelium, and 50g of stearic acid, mix them thoroughly with the fresh cow dung and stir evenly, place them in a 120℃ high-temperature heating furnace while stirring and heating, keep the temperature constant for 30 minutes, then enter a spiral dryer, dry them at 120℃ to constant weight, cool them, formulate, weigh, and package them to obtain fermentation-free organic fertilizer.

[0063] The subsequent use and storage methods of the fertilizer are the same as other organic fertilizers.

[0064] Example 2. Collect 100 kg of chicken manure, add 30 kg of edible fungus residue, 5 kg of humus, 10 kg of Penicillium mycelium, and 5 kg of stearic acid, stir evenly with fresh chicken manure, place in a high-temperature rotary heating box and stir and heat at 120 ° C for 30 minutes after sufficient mixing, then introduce into a spiral dryer, dry at high temperature to a moisture content of 8%, and cool to obtain a fermentation-free organic fertilizer.

[0065] The subsequent use and storage methods of the fertilizer are the same as other organic fertilizers.

[0066] Example 3. Collect 100 kg of pig manure, add 10 kg of fermented pine needle powder, 30 kg of peat soil, 1 kg of Penicillium mycelium, and 1 kg of stearic acid, stir evenly with fresh pig manure, place in a high-temperature heating box after sufficient mixing, heat for 30 minutes, and then dry in a high-temperature dryer to a moisture content of 7%. After cooling, mix, weigh, and package to obtain fermentation-free organic fertilizer.

[0067] The subsequent use and storage methods of the fertilizer are the same as other organic fertilizers.

[0068] The key points of this technology are:

[0069] 1. Fresh livestock and poultry manure can be directly processed without pre-drying or other treatment;

[0070] 2. It is necessary to add a certain proportion of loose materials to fresh feces, such as edible mushroom residue, fermented pine needles, fermented peanut shells, etc., to increase the looseness of the product, solve the problem of excessive stickiness of feces, facilitate the entry of heat during heating, and also facilitate the uniform mixing of other ingredients. Specific varieties that can be selected are: such as mushroom residue, fermented peanut shells, fermented pine needles, and the addition amount is: 10-30% of the feces raw material;

[0071] 3. It is necessary to add some active ingredients, such as peat soil or humus soil, Penicillium slag (commercially available) and stearic acid. These materials mixed together can effectively prevent plant root burn caused by unfermented fresh feces, improve the germination rate of the product, and eliminate the toxicity of raw feces. The specific addition amount is: peat soil or humus soil is 5-30% of the feces raw material, Penicillium mycelium is 0.1-10% of the feces raw material, and the addition amount of stearic acid is 0.1-10% of the feces raw material;

[0072] 4. In a sealed heatable container, after heating at 120℃ for 30 minutes to 2 hours, pathogens and roundworm eggs in feces can be killed, solving the problem of pathogens in the product spreading in the environment;

[0073] 5. High temperature drying: Dry the product to a moisture content of less than 10% in a spiral dryer at 100-120°C. This step is also a key technical node to significantly reduce the root burn problem of organic fertilizer products.

[0074] After these technical links, fresh livestock and poultry manure can be used without fermentation to achieve the same effect as fermented manure organic fertilizer: no root burn, no roundworm eggs and pathogens, and high germination rate. The product produced by the technology of the present invention can be used directly as organic fertilizer, or after being mixed with other ingredients, it can be made into various formula organic fertilizers.

[0075] The above are only some specific embodiments of the present invention (since the present invention includes a numerical range, the embodiments cannot be exhaustive, and the protection scope recorded in the present invention includes the numerical range and other technical key points of the present invention). The specific content or common sense known in the scheme is not described in detail here (including but not limited to abbreviations, abbreviations, and units commonly used in the art). It should be pointed out that the above embodiments do not limit the present invention in any way. For those skilled in the art, all technical solutions obtained by equivalent substitution or equivalent transformation fall within the protection scope of the present invention. The scope of protection claimed in this application shall be based on the content of its claims, and the specific implementation methods and other records in the specification can be used to interpret the content of the claims.

Claims

1. A method for producing organic fertilizer from livestock and poultry manure without fermentation, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: The composite additive consisting of loose plant-based materials, peat soil or humus soil, Penicillium mycelium and stearic acid is mixed evenly with fresh livestock and poultry manure in a certain proportion, then subjected to high-temperature sterilization and insecticide treatment, and then dried at high temperature to a moisture content of less than 10%, and finally cooled to obtain a fermentation-free organic fertilizer.

2. The method for producing organic fertilizer from livestock and poultry manure without fermentation according to claim 1, characterized in that: The amount of the loose material added is 10-30% of the mass of the feces raw material, preferably 15-25%.

3. The method for producing organic fertilizer from livestock and poultry manure without fermentation according to claim 1, characterized in that: The amount of peat soil or humus soil added is 5-30% of the mass of the feces raw material, preferably 10-20%.

4. The method for producing organic fertilizer from livestock and poultry excrement without fermentation according to claim 1, characterized in that: The added amount of the Penicillium mycelium is 0.1-10% of the mass of the feces raw material, preferably 0.5-5%.

5. The method for producing organic fertilizer from livestock and poultry excrement without fermentation according to claim 1, characterized in that: The added amount of stearic acid is 0.1-10% of the mass of the feces raw material, preferably 0.5-5%.

6. The method for producing organic fertilizer from livestock and poultry excrement without fermentation according to claim 1, characterized in that: The high temperature sterilization and insecticide treatment is carried out in a sealed heatable container under the condition of 120° C. for 30 minutes to 2 hours.

7. The method for producing organic fertilizer from livestock and poultry excrement without fermentation according to claim 1, characterized in that: The high temperature drying is carried out at 100-120° C. using a spiral dryer until the moisture content of the product reaches below 10%.

8. The method for producing organic fertilizer from livestock and poultry excrement without fermentation according to claim 1, characterized in that: The loose plant-based material is at least one of fermented pine needles, edible fungus residues, and fermented peanut shells; the livestock and poultry manure is at least one of cow manure, chicken manure, and pig manure.

9. Use of the non-fermented organic fertilizer obtained by the method for producing organic fertilizer without fermentation from livestock and poultry manure according to any one of claims 1 to 8 in improving the germination rate, plant height or biomass of ryegrass seeds.

10. Use of the non-fermented organic fertilizer obtained by the method for producing organic fertilizer without fermentation from livestock and poultry manure according to any one of claims 1 to 8 in increasing the transplant survival rate, plant height, diameter or biomass of eggplant plants.

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