Anchor miner with quick breaking and anchoring device

Abstract

The invention relates to a digging and anchoring machine with a rapid breaking and anchoring device. The digging and anchoring machine mainly comprises an advancing belt, a digging and anchoring assembly and a smashing mechanism. The digging and anchoring assembly is composed of a digging mechanism and a supporting mechanism and installed in the advancing mechanism. The pushing mechanism is formed by rotationally connecting a pushing underframe and a tunneling end cover and is symmetrically provided with pushing oil cylinders, so that horizontal offset movement can be realized; the tunneling mechanism comprises a rotatable advancing arm, a circular tunneling disc is installed at the head of the arm, and a tunneling shield with a semicircular section is arranged on the end face of the tunneling disc. A plurality of tunneling guns are arranged on the periphery of the tunneling shield along a spiral line, and each tunneling gun is composed of a triangular embedding block and a movable breaking hammer and used for preliminarily breaking rocks; the supporting mechanism comprises a knife rest shaped like a Chinese character'ri 'and surrounding the periphery of the advancing arm, and a U-shaped hollow supporting knife is installed on the outer edge of the knife rest. The supporting cutter rotates along with the tunneling shield, secondary cutting is conducted along the central axis of the advancing arm, and large rock blocks are dredged in time; the crushing efficiency, the anchoring stability and the operation adaptability of the miner-bolter are remarkably improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of anchor digging machines, and in particular relates to an anchor digging machine with a fast breaking anchoring device. Background Art

[0002] In the fields of mining, underground engineering construction, and tunneling, anchor miners, as key mechanical equipment, undertake the important tasks of rock crushing and anchoring. The anchor miner uses its excavation mechanism to perform preliminary rock crushing, and then fixes the anchor rod to the tunnel wall through the anchoring system to ensure safety and stability during the construction process. However, with the continuous expansion of the project scale and the increasing complexity of the rock structure, the existing anchor miners have exposed many shortcomings in rapid crushing and anchoring, and urgently need technological innovation to improve their work efficiency and adaptability.

[0003] The crushing efficiency of existing anchor miners is generally low. Traditional excavation devices mostly rely on a single crushing method, such as simple hammering or rotary cutting, which makes it difficult to effectively crush hard or large rocks in a short period of time. This not only prolongs the excavation cycle and increases construction costs, but may also affect the subsequent anchoring quality due to incomplete crushing, thereby threatening the overall safety of the project. Secondly, the slow anchoring speed is also one of the main challenges currently faced by anchor miners. After the traditional anchoring system completes the rock crushing, multiple operations are required to accurately and firmly fix the anchor rod to the tunnel wall. This process is time-consuming and labor-intensive, and requires high skills from the operator, which can easily lead to human errors during the construction process and affect the anchoring effect. In addition, traditional anchoring devices lack sufficient flexibility in handling different types of rocks, and are difficult to adapt to changing geological conditions, which limits their application in complex environments.

[0004] Based on the above situation, improving the performance of anchor miners in terms of rapid crushing and anchoring has become an urgent problem to be solved in the industry. Researching and developing anchor miners with efficient crushing capabilities, rapid anchoring response, and good adaptability can not only significantly improve construction efficiency and reduce costs, but also enhance the safety and stability of the project to meet the increasingly complex needs of modern mines and underground projects. Therefore, in view of the shortcomings of existing technologies, it is imperative to explore the structure and working principle of new anchor miners to promote technological progress and application expansion in the industry. Summary of the invention

[0005] In view of the shortcomings of the prior art, the present invention provides a bolter digger with a fast breaking anchor device. The specific technical solution is as follows: The present invention provides a roadheader with a rapid crushing and anchoring device, which includes a traveling belt for carrying the main body, a roadheader component and a crushing mechanism erected at the front end thereof. The roadheader component includes a tunneling mechanism and a support mechanism inserted into the advancing mechanism. The advancing mechanism is rotatably connected by the upper and lower buckling of an advancing chassis and a tunneling end cover, and symmetrically arranged with advancing oil cylinders therebetween, which can make an offset movement in the horizontal direction. The tunneling mechanism includes a tunneling arm inserted into the tunneling end cover, which can make a rotational movement along the central axis direction of the tunneling arm. The tunneling arm is a multi-stage locking structure. A circular tunneling disc is attached to the head of the tunneling arm. A tunneling shield with a semi-circular cross-section extends from the end face of the tunneling disc. A plurality of tunneling guns are successively arranged on the outer peripheral surface of the tunneling shield from bottom to top along an asymptotic spiral. The tunneling gun includes a triangular embedding block embedded in the tunneling shield and a movable crushing hammer inserted on its end face. The crushing hammer is designed with a multi-stage progressive cone shape and can rotate along the central axis of the crushing hammer as the tunneling shield rotates, for the primary crushing of rocks. The support mechanism includes a "day"-shaped tool rest arranged around the outer periphery of the tunneling arm. A "U"-shaped hollow support tool is clamped on the outer edge of the tool rest, which can rotate along the central axis of the tunneling arm as the tunneling shield rotates for secondary cutting, for the immediate diversion of large rocks.

[0006] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the crushing mechanism includes crushing support arms symmetrically hinged to the front part of the main body. The head end thereof supports a concave disc with a rear protrusion, and a plurality of crushing knives are arranged on both sides thereof, which can rotate to crush small pieces of rock that fall. A square groove is opened in the middle of the concave disc, and lifting oil cylinders are symmetrically attached along the two side edges of the square groove. The other end thereof is hinged to the main body, and can lift the crushing disc upward to rotate with the hinge point of the main body as the fulcrum.

[0007] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the crushing knives are arranged oppositely, and the turning directions on both sides are mirror-symmetrical. The crushing knives are evenly arranged with six blades and shrink backward in the clockwise direction. A plurality of guiding blades are arranged at intervals thereon, which can convey crushed stones to the square groove when rotating clockwise.

[0008] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, a shunt rack is installed on the top of the tunneling end cover, which includes a multi-section telescopic shunt chassis. A shunt oil cylinder is arranged inside the shunt chassis, which can guide the shunt chassis to make a telescopic movement in the horizontal direction for the shunt of crushed rocks. A plurality of detachable shunt fences are inserted on the top of the shunt chassis, and a plurality of grids are arranged thereon, which can guide soft soil and fine crushed stones to the grids for diversion and dispersion.

[0009] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, a pitching oil cylinder is arranged at the intersection of the tunneling end cover and the advancing chassis. It is set on the tunneling end cover and can drive the tunneling end cover to make a pitching movement in the vertical direction for the multi-angle crushing of rocks.

[0010] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, a drainage mechanism is arranged behind the guide mechanism inside the main body, and the guide mechanism includes a guide belt connected to and tilted below the square groove, and a drainage channel is connected to the end of the guide belt. The guide belt and the drainage channel can adjust their tilting angles for conveying crushed rock waste soil.

[0011] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, a guide oil cylinder is attached to the end of the guide belt, and the tightness of the guide belt can be adjusted for conveying gravel of different sizes.

[0012] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, a speed regulating screw is embedded at the end of the drainage channel, which can adjust the conveying speed of the drainage channel and is used to convey waste soil of different soil qualities.

[0013] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, a damping ring is sleeved between the breaker hammer and the engaging block, which can slow down the collision emergency rotation speed of the breaker hammer and is used for emergency protection of the breaker hammer.

[0014] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the traveling belt is symmetrically arranged on both sides of the main body. It is composed of multiple track sections spliced ​​end to end, and a balance beam is suspended on the outer edge of the traveling belt, which is flush with the bottom edge of the traveling belt. It can maintain balance when the traveling belt passes through soft soil and is used for stable travel in complex soil.

[0015] The beneficial effects of the present invention are: The present invention provides a bolter and miner with a fast crushing and anchoring device. Through innovative structural design and function optimization, the efficiency and reliability of the bolter and miner in rock crushing and anchoring operations are significantly improved, and the problems of slow crushing speed, poor anchoring effect, and untimely processing of large rocks in the prior art are overcome. The invention has the following beneficial effects: First, the invention adopts a multi-stage locking structure for the advance arm design, which can achieve high-precision rotation and axial movement. The multi-stage locking design of the advance arm not only enhances the stability of the equipment in complex operating environments, but also allows the flexible adjustment of the operating force and range according to different rock hardness and geological conditions, thus improving the adaptability and operating efficiency of the equipment.

[0016] Secondly, a tunneling shield with a semicircular cross-section is extended from the end face of the tunneling disc. The tunneling shield adopts a design of arranging multiple tunneling guns in an asymptotic spiral line. With this structure, the anchor miner can achieve efficient primary rock crushing during the excavation process. The breaker hammer of the tunneling gun is a multi-stage progressive cone design, which can perform efficient crushing operations along the central axis as the tunneling shield rotates. The multi-stage cone structure design enables the breaker hammer to rotate step by step and penetrate deep into the rock, reducing the crushing resistance layer by layer, thereby significantly improving the rock crushing efficiency and reducing the energy consumption and wear of the equipment.

[0017] In addition, the support mechanism of the present invention adopts a combined design of a "day"-shaped tool rest and a "U"-shaped hollow support tool. The tool rest is arranged around the outer periphery of the advancing arm and can perform secondary cutting operations along the central axis as the tunneling shield rotates. The arrangement of the support tools effectively guides large pieces of rock, preventing them from accumulating or blocking during tunneling, thus ensuring the continuity and stability of the equipment operation. This design not only improves the rock processing efficiency but also provides a flatter working surface for subsequent anchoring operations.

[0018] At the same time, the advancing mechanism is rotationally connected through the upper and lower fastening of the advancing chassis and the tunneling end cover, and is equipped with symmetrically arranged advancing cylinders, enabling it to perform offset movement in the horizontal direction. This design makes the equipment more flexible during operation, capable of quickly adjusting the tunneling direction and angle to adapt to different operation requirements, not only improving the working efficiency of the equipment but also reducing the equipment adjustment time caused by changes in geological conditions.

[0019] In summary, through innovative designs such as multi-stage locking advancing arms, high-efficiency breaker hammers, support tool rests, and flexible advancing mechanisms, the present invention significantly improves the crushing efficiency, anchoring stability, and operation adaptability of the roadheader-anchoring machine. Its high-efficiency rock processing ability and immediate guiding function solve the problems of slow rock crushing speed, poor equipment adaptability, and discontinuous operation in the prior art, providing a reliable technical guarantee for the application of the roadheader-anchoring machine in fields such as mine exploitation and tunnel construction. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0020] Figure 1 Shows the overall structural schematic diagram of the present invention; Figure 2 Shows the structural schematic diagram of the combination of the tunneling mechanism and the support mechanism in the present invention; Figure 3 Shows the three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the crushing mechanism in the present invention; Figure 4 Shows the three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the tunneling mechanism in the present invention; Figure 5 Shows the three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the tunneling gun in the present invention; Figure 6 Shows the three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the support mechanism in the present invention; Figure 7 Shows the three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the flow dividing frame in the present invention; Figure 8 Shows the three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the advancing mechanism in the present invention; Fig. 9 Shows the three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the drainage mechanism in the present invention; Fig.10 Shows the three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the diversion mechanism in the present invention; As shown in the figure: 1. Main body; 11. Traveling belt; 111. Balance beam; 2. Anchor assembly; 21. Digging mechanism; 211. Digging plate; 212. Digging shield; 213. Digging gun; 2131. Embossed block; 2132. Breaker; 2133. Damping ring; 214. Advance arm; 221. Tool holder; 222. Support knife; 23. Diverter frame; 231. Diverter chassis; 232. Diverter cylinder; 233. Diverter fence; 2 2. Support mechanism; 24. Advance mechanism; 241. Advance chassis; 242. Advance cylinder; 243. Excavation end cover; 244. Pitch cylinder; 3. Crushing mechanism; 31. Crushing arm; 32. Concave plate; 321. Square groove; 33. Crushing knife; 331. Guide blade; 34. Lifting cylinder; 4. Diversion mechanism; 41. Diversion belt; 42. Diversion cylinder; 5. Drainage mechanism; 51. Drainage channel; 52. Speed ​​regulating screw. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0021] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not used to limit the present invention.

[0022] Embodiment 1

[0023] In order to solve the technical problems in the background technology, a bolter with a fast breaking anchor device is provided as follows: Please refer to the instruction manual Figure 1-8 The present invention provides a bolter and excavator with a fast crushing anchor device. In this embodiment, the bolter and excavator is mainly composed of a bearing body 1, a traveling belt 11, a bolter and excavator assembly 2 and a crushing mechanism 3. The bolter and excavator assembly 2 includes a digging mechanism 21 and a supporting mechanism 22 inserted in an advancing mechanism 24.

[0024] The advancing mechanism 24 is composed of an advancing chassis 241 and an excavation end cover 243, which are connected by buckling and rotating. Two groups of advancing oil cylinders 242 are symmetrically arranged at the connection part. These oil cylinders 242 can be offset in the horizontal direction to ensure the stability and flexibility of the anchor miner in different working environments. The excavation mechanism 21 includes an advancing arm 214 inserted in the advancing end cover. The advancing arm 214 can rotate along the central axis. Its rotation range and angle can be adjusted by a multi-stage locking structure to ensure precise control and fixation during the excavation process. A circular excavation disc 211 is attached to the front end of the advancing arm 214, and a semicircular cross-section excavation shield 212 extends from the end face of the excavation disc 211. A plurality of excavation guns 213 are gradually arranged on the outer peripheral surface of the excavation shield 212 from bottom to top along an asymptotic spiral line.

[0025] The tunneling gun 213 consists of a triangular splicing block 2131 and a movable breaker 2132. The breaker 2132 is designed with a multi-stage progressive cone shape and can rotate with the tunneling shield 212 and rotate along the central axis of the breaker 2132. This design allows the breaker 2132 to continuously and effectively perform the initial breaking of rocks during tunneling, ensuring that the tunneling progress is not affected by the hardness of the rocks. The rotation and progressive cone design of the breaker 2132 can continuously optimize the rock breaking effect, thereby improving the tunneling and anchoring efficiency.

[0026] The support mechanism 22 includes a "day"-shaped tool rest 221 arranged around the outer periphery of the advancing arm 214, and a "U"-shaped hollow support cutter 222 is clamped on the outer edge of the tool rest 221. The support cutter 222 can rotate along the central axis of the advancing arm 214 as the tunneling shield 212 rotates, so as to perform secondary cutting. This cutting function is mainly used for the immediate dredging of large rocks to avoid rock accumulation during tunneling and ensure the stable operation of the tunneling machine. The coordinated work of the support mechanism 22 and the tunneling mechanism 21 enables the tunneling and anchoring machine to efficiently complete the cutting and support of rocks in various complex geological environments.

[0027] During the entire working process, each component of the tunneling and anchoring machine works in coordination to ensure that the rocks can be effectively cut, broken, and dredged. Through the control of the advancing oil cylinder, the tunneling and anchoring machine can flexibly adjust between different tunneling positions, enabling it to cope with the challenges of different geological conditions during the working process. The rotation function of the tunneling arm配合多级锁定结构,确保了掘进过程中的精确性,并避免因掘进不稳定导致的设备损坏。

[0028] In addition, the combination of the tunneling disc 211 and the tunneling shield 212 makes the tunneling machine more adaptable during the rock breaking process. The spiral design of the tunneling shield enables the tunneling gun 213 to effectively reduce resistance and improve the tunneling efficiency. With the assistance of the support mechanism 22, the large rocks accumulated during tunneling can be quickly cut and dredged, thus ensuring the smooth progress of the tunneling operation.

[0029] In summary, in this embodiment, through the ingeniously designed tunneling mechanism, support mechanism, and breaker system, the tunneling and anchoring machine can efficiently complete the breaking and support work in a short time. The coordinated action of each component enables the tunneling and anchoring machine to maintain high stability and reliability in harsh environments, significantly improving the overall efficiency and safety of the tunneling operation.

[0030] Embodiment 2

[0031] Please refer to the attached Figure 3 And Figure 9-10The present invention provides an embodiment of a crushing mechanism. In this embodiment, the crushing mechanism 3 is mainly composed of a crushing arm 31 symmetrically hinged to the front part of the main body 1. The head end of the crushing arm 31 is supported by a concave disk 32 with a rear protrusion, and a plurality of crushing knives 33 are arranged on both sides of the concave disk. The crushing knives 33 can rotate to break and crush small pieces of rock that fall. A square groove 321 is opened in the center of the concave disk 32, and lifting cylinders 34 are symmetrically arranged along the two side edges of the square groove. The other end of the lifting cylinder 34 is hinged to the main body 1, and can be driven to rotate upward around the hinge point of the main body 1 as a fulcrum to achieve further processing of the rock.

[0032] The crushing blade 33 is designed to be arranged oppositely, and the turning directions on both sides are mirror-symmetrical, so as to improve the working efficiency during the crushing process. The crushing blade 33 is composed of six evenly arranged blades, and the blades gradually shrink backward in the clockwise direction. There are also multiple guide blades 331 arranged at intervals on the crushing blade 33. When the crushing blade rotates clockwise, the guide blades 331 can effectively transport the crushed rock to the square groove 321, ensuring that the crushed material can be accurately transported to the subsequent processing link.

[0033] Behind the crushing mechanism 3, a guide mechanism 4 and a drainage mechanism 5 are arranged inside the main body 1 for effectively conveying the crushed rock waste soil. The guide mechanism 4 includes a guide belt 41 connected to the bottom of the square groove 321, and a drainage channel 51 is connected to the end of the guide belt 41. The guide belt 41 and the drainage channel 51 can both adjust their tilting angles. This design can adjust the flow direction and flow rate of the material according to the actual working conditions, thereby effectively conveying the crushed waste soil to avoid accumulation and blockage.

[0034] The adjustment function of the guide belt 41 is crucial for the transportation of waste materials during the crushing process, ensuring that the materials can be discharged smoothly through the discharge channel 51. The design of adjusting the tilting angle can be adapted according to different operating requirements or working environments, so that the equipment can maintain the best working state under various working conditions. The discharge channel 51 plays a guiding role, smoothly guiding the crushed waste from the guide belt 41, so as to achieve cleaning and discharge.

[0035] Through the above design, the present embodiment enables the crushing mechanism to efficiently complete the rock crushing work, and through a reasonable diversion system, the crushed materials are quickly removed, avoiding the accumulation of materials and ensuring the continuity and smoothness of the operation. The rotation mode of the crushing knife 33 and the cooperation of the guide blade 331 enable the materials to enter the square groove 321 evenly, avoiding the problem of uneven material distribution and improving the work efficiency.

[0036] In addition, the combination of the lifting cylinder 34 and the articulated design enables the concave disc 32 to rotate stably during operation, achieving accurate processing of different types of rocks. The coordinated work of the concave disc 32 and the crushing knife 33 enables the rocks to be efficiently broken down and prepared for subsequent processing. This design simplifies the operating steps in the crushing process and improves the automation level and stability of the equipment.

[0037] In summary, this embodiment ensures that the anchor miner can efficiently and accurately complete the task of rock crushing through reasonable mechanical structure design. The coordination between various components enables the entire crushing system to maintain high stability and efficiency during operation and adapt to a variety of different working environments and operating conditions.

[0038] Embodiment 3

[0039] Please refer to the instruction manual Figure 4-8 The present invention provides an embodiment of a tunneling device. In this embodiment, a diverter frame 23 is installed on the top of the tunneling end cover 243, and the diverter frame 23 includes a multi-stage retractable diverter frame 231. A diverter oil cylinder 232 is arranged inside the diverter frame 231, and the diverter oil cylinder 232 can drive the diverter frame 231 to perform telescopic movement in the horizontal direction, which is used for diverting during the rock crushing process. Through this design, the diverter frame 231 can effectively divert the rock waste soil in the crushing process and guide it into the designated area for subsequent processing, so as to avoid the waste soil from accumulating in the working area and affecting the working efficiency.

[0040] A plurality of detachable diverter bars 233 are inserted on the top of the diverter chassis 231. A plurality of grids are arranged on the diverter bars 233, which can guide soft soil and fine gravel to be dredged and dispersed through the grids. The grid design can effectively handle different types of gravel and soil, ensuring that materials of different particle sizes can flow out and disperse quickly, avoiding equipment blockage and unnecessary downtime.

[0041] At the intersection of the tunneling end cover 243 and the advancing chassis 241, a pitching cylinder 244 is also provided. The top of the pitching cylinder 244 is provided on the tunneling end cover 243, and can drive the tunneling end cover 243 to perform pitching motion vertically. This design can achieve multi-angle crushing of rocks, apply pressure at different angles, increase the crushing efficiency of rocks, and can adapt to work requirements under different geological conditions. By adjusting the pitch angle of the tunneling end cover 243, the tunneling machine can more flexibly cope with various complex geological conditions and improve the stability and efficiency of the tunneling work.

[0042] In order to protect the working performance of the breaker 2132, a damping ring 2133 is sleeved between the breaker 2132 and the engaging block 2131. The damping ring 2133 is used to slow down the collision emergency rotation speed of the breaker 2132 to avoid damage to the equipment due to sudden high-speed collision. The damping ring 2133 reduces the impact force and protects the core components of the breaker through effective buffering, thereby extending the service life of the equipment and improving the safety of the operation.

[0043] The design in this embodiment provides an effective waste soil diversion system through the cooperation of the multi-stage diversion chassis 231 and the diversion cylinder 232, ensuring that the waste soil can be quickly discharged during the crushing process and avoiding the impact of accumulation on the operation of the equipment. At the same time, the combination of the diversion fence 233 and the grid improves the processing capacity of soft soil and gravel, so that the equipment can maintain efficient operation in various geological environments. The setting of the pitch cylinder 244 enables the excavation end cover 243 to adjust the angle according to actual conditions, increasing the adaptability and flexibility of the equipment, while the damping ring 2133 effectively protects the breaker and improves the working stability and long-term reliability of the equipment.

[0044] In summary, this embodiment realizes efficient and stable operation of the tunneling device in various working environments through a series of precise designs. The cooperation of each component enables the device to efficiently process different types of rocks and waste soil, while ensuring the safety and service life of the device.

[0045] Embodiment 4

[0046] Please refer to the instruction manual Figure 1 and Figure 9-10 The present invention provides an embodiment of an anchor miner. In this embodiment, a guide oil cylinder 42 is provided at the end of the guide belt 41 to adjust the tightness of the guide belt 41 to meet the needs of conveying gravel of different sizes. The guide oil cylinder 42 can accurately control the tension of the guide belt by adjusting the extension and contraction of the oil cylinder, thereby achieving effective conveying of gravel of different particle sizes. This design can adjust the parameters of the conveying system according to different soil qualities and operating conditions to ensure that the crushed materials can be smoothly transmitted to the discharge channel 51.

[0047] A speed regulating screw 52 is installed at the end of the drainage channel 51. By adjusting the speed regulating screw 52, ​​the conveying speed of the drainage channel 51 can be controlled to meet the waste soil conveying requirements of different soil types. The setting of the speed regulating screw 52 can adjust the discharge speed of the waste soil according to the soil type at the work site, ensuring that different types of soil and waste can be discharged efficiently and evenly. This function is particularly important for dealing with complex soils in different working environments. It can effectively adjust the operating rhythm of the equipment and avoid operation stagnation caused by poor drainage.

[0048] In addition, the traveling belt 11 is symmetrically arranged on both sides of the main body 1, and is composed of multiple crawler sections spliced ​​end to end. A balance beam 111 is suspended on the outer edge of the traveling belt 11, and the balance beam 111 is flush with the bottom edge of the traveling belt 11. The balance beam is designed to maintain the balance of the equipment when the traveling belt 11 passes through soft soil, thereby ensuring stability during the traveling process. In a complex soil environment, the balance beam 111 can prevent the traveling belt from being unbalanced due to soft soil, ensuring that the tunnel boring machine can move forward smoothly without being affected by soil changes.

[0049] This embodiment provides an efficient and stable soil and rock processing system through the precise coordination of the guide belt, the drainage channel and the travel belt. The adjustment function of the guide belt and the drainage channel enables the equipment to be flexibly adjusted according to the actual working conditions, so as to cope with various types of gravel and waste soil. The design of the balance beam 111 ensures the stable operation of the equipment under complex soil conditions and avoids work obstacles caused by soft or uneven ground. Each design is closely related to the core function of the equipment, ensuring that the anchor miner can maintain efficient operation under various conditions.

[0050] In summary, this embodiment realizes efficient operation of the equipment in a complex soil environment through the reasonable combination of the guide cylinder, the speed regulating screw and the balance beam. The various components cooperate with each other and can be automatically adjusted according to the different requirements of the on-site soil, so that the anchor miner can flexibly respond to different working environments, improving the adaptability and stability of the equipment.

[0051] The working principle and use process of the present invention: Equipment preparation and positioning Before construction, the operator transports the bolter to the construction site and moves the equipment to the predetermined excavation position through the traveling belt 11. After ensuring that the equipment is in a stable state, all moving functions are turned off and a preliminary equipment inspection is carried out to confirm that there are no abnormalities in each component.

[0052] Advancement Agency 24 launched Start the advancing mechanism 24 of the anchor miner, operate the advancing cylinder 242 to move the excavation end cover 243 to the target direction to meet the specific needs of the current construction surface. Under the guidance of the excavation end cover 243, the advancing arm 214 performs a rotational movement and locks the multi-level structure to ensure stability.

[0053] Excavation preparation The rotation function of the tunneling arm is activated to drive the circular tunneling disc 211 to start rotating. The tunneling shield 212 rotates with the tunneling disc 211, and the tunneling gun 213 performs preliminary crushing of the rocks in turn. The breaker 2132 rotates along its axis during the rotation process, and gradually collides and crushes the rocks it contacts.

[0054] Secondary cutting and support The "day"-shaped tool rest 221 in the support mechanism 22 rotates together with the tunneling shield 212, driving the "U"-shaped hollow support cutter 222 to perform secondary cutting and immediate diversion on the large broken rocks, ensuring that the broken rocks can fall smoothly.

[0055] Crushing process The crushing mechanism 3 is activated, and the symmetrically hinged crushing support arms 31 drive the crushing cutters 33 to rotate. The crushing cutters 33 further break the small fallen rocks through rotation, and the crushed stones are guided to the diversion belt 41 in the square groove 321 for subsequent transportation.

[0056] Material diversion and discharge The rock crushed stones ready for transportation are transported by the diversion belt 41 to the drainage channel 51. According to the size of the crushed stones, the tightness of the diversion belt 41 is adjusted by the diversion oil cylinder 42 to ensure that crushed stones of different sizes can pass quickly. The speed adjustment screw rod 52 at the end of the drainage channel 51 adjusts the transportation speed to meet the transportation requirements of waste soil in different soil types.

[0057] Diversion and dredging The diversion rack 23 at the top of the tunneling end cover 243 adjusts the telescoping of the diversion bottom rack 231 through the control of the diversion oil cylinder 232 to achieve effective diversion of the broken rocks. The grid on the diversion fence 233 guides the soft soil and fine crushed stones for uniform dredging to prevent material accumulation.

[0058] Pitch adjustment of the tunneling end cover 243 According to the specific conditions of the rock formation, the pitch angle of the tunneling end cover 243 is adjusted by operating the pitch oil cylinder 244, so that the breaker 2132 can break the rocks from different angles to adapt to the variable rock formation structure.

[0059] Advancement and stability After completing one tunneling and anchoring operation, the operator controls the crawler links of the traveling belt 11 to move the roadheader forward. The balance beams 111 on both sides of the traveling belt 11 disperse the equipment weight in a soft soil environment to ensure the stable advancement of the equipment and prevent it from sinking into the soft soil.

[0060] Protection of the breaker 2132 During the crushing process, in case of abnormal collision, the damping ring 2133 between the breaker 2132 and the splicing block 2131 plays a buffering role to protect the breaker 2132 from excessive damage and ensure the long-term stable operation of the equipment.

[0061] Repeated operation According to the construction needs, repeat the above operation steps, gradually advancing the roadheader deeper into the construction surface to complete the overall tunneling and anchoring tasks until the预定 construction goal is achieved.

[0062] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A bolter and miner with a fast-crushing anchor device, comprising a traveling belt (11) carrying a main body (1) and a bolter and miner assembly (2) and a crushing mechanism (3) mounted at the front end thereof, characterized in that: The described tunneling and bolting assembly (2) includes a tunneling mechanism (21) and a support mechanism (22) inserted into the advancing mechanism (24). The advancing mechanism (24) is rotationally connected by the upper and lower buckling of an advancing chassis (241) and a tunneling end cover (243). Symmetrically arranged between the two are advancing cylinders (242), which can move horizontally in an offset manner. The tunneling mechanism (21) includes a tunneling arm (214) inserted into the tunneling end cover, which can rotate along the central axis direction of the tunneling arm (214). The tunneling arm (214) is a multi-stage locking structure. A circular tunneling disc (211) is attached to the head of the tunneling arm (214). A tunneling shield (212) with a semi-circular cross-section extends from the end face of the tunneling disc (211). A plurality of tunneling guns (213) are successively arranged on the outer peripheral surface of the tunneling shield (212) from bottom to top along an asymptotic spiral. The tunneling gun (213) includes a triangular embedding block (2131) embedded in the tunneling shield (212) and a movable breaker hammer (2132) inserted on its end face. The breaker hammer (2132) is designed with a multi-stage progressive cone and can rotate along the central axis of the breaker hammer (2132) as the tunneling shield (212) rotates, for the primary crushing of rocks. The support mechanism (22) includes an "E"-shaped tool holder (221) surrounding the outer periphery of the tunneling arm (214). A "U"-shaped hollow support knife (222) is clamped on the outer edge of the tool holder (221), which can rotate along the central axis of the tunneling arm (214) as the tunneling shield (212) rotates for secondary cutting, for the immediate diversion of large rocks.

2. The bolter digger with a fast breaking anchor device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The described crushing mechanism (3) includes crushing support arms (31) symmetrically hinged to the front of the main body (1). The head of the crushing support arm (31) supports a concave disc (32) with a rear protrusion. A plurality of crushing knives (33) are arranged on both sides of the concave disc (32), which can rotate to crush the small pieces of rock that fall. A square groove (321) is opened in the middle of the concave disc (32), and lifting cylinders (34) are symmetrically attached to both sides of the square groove (321). The other end of the lifting cylinder (34) is hinged to the main body (1), and it can lift the crushing disc upward with the hinge point of the main body (1) as the fulcrum.

3. The bolter digger with a fast breaking anchor device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The crushing knives (33) are arranged oppositely, and the turning directions on both sides are mirror-symmetrical. The crushing knives (33) are evenly arranged with six blades and shrink backward in the clockwise direction. A plurality of guiding blades (331) are arranged at intervals on the crushing knives (33), which can convey the crushed stones to the square groove (321) when rotating clockwise.

4. The bolter digger with a fast breaking anchor device according to claim 3, characterized in that: A shunt rack (23) is installed on the top of the tunneling end cover (243). It includes a multi-stage telescopic shunt chassis (231). A shunt cylinder (232) is arranged inside the shunt chassis (231), which can guide the shunt chassis (231) to perform telescopic movement horizontally for the shunting of crushed rocks. A plurality of detachable shunt bars (233) are inserted into the top of the shunt chassis (231). A plurality of grids are arranged on the shunt bars (233), which can guide the soft soil and fine crushed stones to the grids for diversion and dispersion.

5. The bolter digger with a fast breaking anchor device according to claim 4, characterized in that: A pitching oil cylinder (244) is provided at the intersection of the tunneling end cover (243) and the advancing base frame (241). The pitching oil cylinder (244) is arranged on top of the tunneling end cover (243) and can drive the tunneling end cover (243) to perform pitching movement in the vertical direction, so as to be used for multi-angle crushing of rocks.

6. The bolter digger with a fast breaking anchor device according to claim 5, characterized in that: The main body (1) is provided with a flow guide mechanism (4) and a drainage mechanism (5) behind it. The flow guide mechanism (4) comprises a flow guide belt (41) connected to the bottom of the square groove (321) and tilted up. The end of the flow guide belt (41) is connected to a drainage channel (51). The flow guide belt (41) and the drainage channel (51) can both adjust their tilting angles and are used to transport crushed rock waste soil.

7. The bolter digger with a fast breaking anchor device according to claim 6, characterized in that: A guide oil cylinder (42) is attached to the end of the guide belt (41), and the tightness of the guide belt (41) can be adjusted for conveying gravel of different sizes.

8. The bolter digger with a fast breaking anchor device according to claim 7, characterized in that: A speed regulating screw rod (52) is embedded at the end of the drainage channel (51), which can adjust the conveying speed of the drainage channel (51) and is used to convey waste soil of different soil qualities.

9. The bolter digger with a fast breaking anchor device according to claim 8, characterized in that: A damping ring (2133) is sleeved between the breaker hammer (2132) and the engaging block (2131), which can slow down the collision emergency rotation speed of the breaker hammer (2132) and is used for emergency protection of the breaker hammer (2132).

10. An anchor miner with a fast breaking anchor device according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: The traveling belt (11) is symmetrically arranged on both sides of the main body (1), and is composed of a plurality of crawler sections spliced ​​end to end. A balance beam (111) is suspended on the outer edge of the traveling belt (11), which is flush with the bottom edge of the traveling belt (11) and can maintain balance when the traveling belt (11) passes through soft soil, and is used for stable travel in complex soil.

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