Water-alcohol fuel type multistage compressor turbine deflagration engine

Abstract

The invention provides a water-alcohol fuel type multistage compressor turbine deflagration engine which comprises a water-alcohol raw material hydrogen production device and an engine body, an engine shaft is arranged in an engine shell, and at least two stages of compressor turbines are arranged at the front end of the engine shaft. A gas distribution disc, a main combustion chamber and a rear combustion chamber are sequentially arranged at the position, located at the rear end of the at least two stages of compressor turbines, in the engine shell, a cooling gas inlet hole and a combustion-supporting gas guide pipe are arranged on the gas distribution disc, a cooling gas channel is arranged on the outer side of the main combustion chamber and connected with the cooling gas inlet hole and the rear combustion chamber, and the combustion-supporting gas guide pipe is communicated with the cooling gas inlet hole. The combustion-supporting gas guide pipe is communicated with the main combustion chamber, a fuel adding opening is formed in the engine shell, and the water-alcohol raw material hydrogen production device is connected with the fuel adding opening. According to the water-alcohol fuel type multistage compressor turbine detonation engine, the main combustion chamber can be actively cooled, and it is guaranteed that the main combustion chamber operates in a safe interval; and meanwhile, lean detonation can be realized, and adverse back pressure to the engine is eliminated.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of engines, and in particular to a water-alcohol fuel type multi-stage compressor turbine explosion combustion engine. Background Art

[0002] In the field of micro-turbine engines, due to the technological gap between China and foreign countries, the C30 (30kw) of Capstone in the United States is a mature and finalized product, and the United Kingdom, Russia, Germany, and Japan also have a certain level. At present, the combustion technology of detonation engines has been rapidly developed and applied. When the detonation engine is used, it is close to the detonation cycle of isochoric combustion. The pressure is greatly increased during combustion, the energy is released very quickly, and the power generated is large. Under normal circumstances, the efficiency of the detonation engine is 5-22% higher than that of ordinary turbine engines. Scientists at the U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) believe that the thermal efficiency of the rotating detonation engine can theoretically be increased by 15% compared with the current turbine engines. The direct energy efficiency of ordinary turbine engines is 12-18%, and the energy efficiency with a regenerator reaches 30%; the direct energy efficiency of the rotating detonation engine reaches 30%.

[0003] However, the deflagration engine faces the following two technical challenges: one is how to ensure that the materials of the main combustion chamber can be stable in suitable working conditions; the other is how to overcome the back pressure effect caused by the high-pressure gas generated by the deflagration in the main combustion chamber. Summary of the invention

[0004] In order to make up for the deficiencies in the prior art, the present invention provides a water-alcohol fuel type multi-stage compressor turbine explosion combustion engine, which can actively cool the main combustion chamber to ensure that the main combustion chamber operates within a safe range; at the same time, it can achieve lean explosion and eliminate the back pressure that is unfavorable to the engine.

[0005] In order to achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:

[0006] A water-alcohol fuel type multi-stage compressor turbine explosion combustion engine, comprising a water-alcohol raw material hydrogen production device and an engine body, the engine body comprising an engine casing, an engine shaft is arranged in the engine casing, at least two stages of compressor turbines are arranged at the front end of the engine shaft, a gas distribution plate, a main combustion chamber, and an after-combustion chamber are arranged in sequence at the rear ends of the at least two stages of compressor turbines in the engine casing, a cooling air inlet hole and a combustion-supporting gas duct are arranged on the gas distribution plate, a cooling air channel is arranged on the outside of the main combustion chamber, the cooling air channel connects the cooling air inlet hole and the after-combustion chamber, the combustion-supporting gas duct is communicated with the main combustion chamber, a fuel addition port is arranged on the engine casing, and the water-alcohol raw material hydrogen production device is connected to the combustion addition port.

[0007] Furthermore, the rear end of the engine shaft is connected to an air bearing and an exhaust turbine, and the gas distribution plate is provided with an air inlet hole, and the air inlet hole is connected to the air passage of the air bearing.

[0008] Furthermore, the main combustion chamber and the after-combustion chamber are both annular, and the cooling air passage is respectively arranged on the outside of the outer annular surface and the outside of the inner annular surface of the main combustion chamber.

[0009] Furthermore, a fuel gas and fuel-supporting gas mixing component is provided between the gas distribution plate and the main combustion chamber, the fuel-supporting gas conduit and the fuel inlet are respectively connected to the fuel gas and fuel-supporting gas mixing component, and an igniter is provided in the main combustion chamber.

[0010] Furthermore, the front end of the engine body is connected to a generator set, and the main shaft of the generator set is connected to the engine shaft.

[0011] Furthermore, the generator set is provided with a conical annular air deflector cover, and the air deflector cover is connected to the air inlet of the engine body.

[0012] Furthermore, a trumpet-shaped exhaust nozzle is connected to the rear end of the engine body.

[0013] Furthermore, the hydroalcohol raw material hydrogen production device includes a hydroalcohol liquid tank and a catalytic cracker, and the catalytic cracker is provided with a heat exchange component, and the heat exchange component recovers the high-temperature exhaust gas generated by the engine body.

[0014] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial technical effects:

[0015] (1) In the water-alcohol fuel type multi-stage compressor turbine explosion combustion engine of the present invention, a part of the compressed air generated by the multi-stage compressor turbine flows out of the cooling air channel through the cooling air inlet hole of the gas distribution plate, which can cool the main combustion chamber. The air in the cooling air channel is heated and then enters the after-combustion chamber, where it can be mixed with the high-temperature combustion gas discharged from the main combustion chamber to achieve full combustion of the fuel, thereby improving the heat utilization rate and providing great flexibility for the safe operation of the main combustion chamber and the selection of materials; the other part enters the main combustion chamber through the combustion-supporting gas duct to assist the combustion of the fuel and form a counteracting pressure at the same time.

[0016] (2) The hydroalcohol fuel type multi-stage compressor turbine deflagration engine of the present invention is used in conjunction with a hydroalcohol raw material hydrogen production device. The product of the hydroalcohol raw material hydrogen production device is a complex mixed gas with carbon dioxide and hydrogen as the main components, and the hydrogen deflagration mixing ratio is 5 to 75%. The flammability of hydrogen is utilized to achieve lean deflagration combustion, reduce heat flux, and eliminate the disadvantages of back pressure that is unfavorable to the engine and excessively high temperature of the main combustion room. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] Figure 1It is a structural diagram of a water-alcohol fuel type multi-stage compressor turbine explosion combustion engine of the present invention.

[0018] Figure 2 It is a cross-sectional view of the engine main engine of the present invention.

[0019] Among them: 1. Hydroalcohol raw material hydrogen production device; 11. Hydroalcohol liquid tank; 12. Catalytic cracker; 13. Heat exchange component; 2. Engine body; 21. Engine casing; 22. Engine shaft; 23. Compressor turbine; 231. First-stage compressor turbine; 232. Second-stage compressor turbine; 24. Air bearing; 25. Exhaust turbine; 26. Gas distribution plate; 261. Cooling gas inlet hole; 262. Combustion gas duct; 263. Air inlet hole; 27. Combustion gas and combustion gas mixing component; 28. Main combustion chamber; 29. ​​Afterburner chamber; 200. Cooling gas channel; 210. Fuel inlet; 211. Ignitor; 212. Exhaust nozzle; 3. Generator set; 31. Air deflector. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0020] Many specific details are described in the following description to facilitate a full understanding of the present invention. However, the present invention can be implemented in many other ways different from the description, and those skilled in the art can make similar generalizations without violating the connotation of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.

[0021] Example 1

[0022] like Figure 1-2 As shown, a water-alcohol fuel type multi-stage compressor turbine explosion combustion engine includes a water-alcohol raw material hydrogen production device 1 and an engine body 2.

[0023] The water-alcohol raw material hydrogen production device 1 includes a water-alcohol liquid tank 11 and a catalytic cracker 12. The alcohol-water ratio in the water-alcohol liquid tank 11 is 60%, which can achieve the reliability of engine ignition. The water-alcohol liquid reacts in the catalytic cracker 12 to produce hydrogen, and the reaction formula is CH3OH+H2O=CO2+3H2. The catalytic cracker 12 is provided with a heat exchange component 13, and the heat exchange component 13 recovers the high-temperature exhaust gas generated by the engine body 2, which can make the cracking reaction more efficient, thereby improving energy utilization.

[0024] The engine body 2 includes an engine housing 21, and an engine shaft 22 is arranged in the engine housing 21. The front end of the engine shaft 22 is provided with at least two-stage compressor turbines 23, and the rear end is connected with air bearings 24 and exhaust turbines 25. Preferably, the compressor turbine 23 is provided with two stages, namely, a first-stage compressor turbine 231 and a second-stage compressor turbine 232 from left to right. It should be noted that the air bearings can also be replaced with lubricating oil bearings according to actual conditions, such as air bearings for small machines and lubricating oil bearings for large machines.

[0025] A gas distribution plate 26, a gas and combustion-supporting gas mixing component 27, a main combustion chamber 28, and an afterburner 29 are sequentially arranged at the rear end of the two-stage compressor turbine 232 in the engine casing 21. The main combustion chamber 28 and the afterburner 29 are both annular. An annular cooling gas channel 200 is arranged on the outer side of the outer annular surface and the outer side of the inner annular surface of the main combustion chamber 28. A cooling gas inlet hole 261 and a combustion-supporting gas conduit 262 are arranged on the gas distribution plate 26. The cooling gas channel 200 connects the cooling gas inlet hole 261 and the afterburner 29, and the combustion-supporting gas conduit 262 is connected to the combustion-supporting gas mixing component 27.

[0026] The engine housing 21 is provided with a fuel inlet 210, which is connected to the combustion gas mixing component 27, and the other end is connected to the catalytic cracker 12. An igniter 211 is provided in the main combustion chamber 29. An air inlet 263 is provided on the gas distribution plate 26, and the air inlet 263 is connected to the air passage of the air bearing 24. A trumpet-shaped exhaust nozzle 212 is connected to the rear end of the engine body 2.

[0027] The front end of the engine body 2 is connected to the generator set 3, and the main shaft of the generator set 3 is connected to the engine shaft 22. The generator set 3 is covered with a conical ring-shaped air deflector 31, and the air deflector 31 is connected to the air inlet of the engine body 2.

[0028] The water-alcohol fuel type multi-stage compressor turbine explosion combustion engine of the present invention uses a two-stage compressor structure to achieve a two-stage air pressure difference. During use, the first-stage compressed gas generated by the first-stage compressor turbine 231 is divided into two parts: one part enters the cooling air channel 200 through the cooling air inlet hole 261 to cool the main combustion chamber 28; and enters the air passage of the air bearing 24 through the air inlet hole 263 to provide an air source for the air bearing 24. The other part of the high-pressure gas compressed by the second-stage compressor turbine 232 enters the main combustion chamber 28 through the combustion-supporting gas conduit 262, and is ignited and works with the fuel gas (mainly composed of 25% H2 and 75% CO2 by mass ratio and a small amount of unreacted methanol and dimethyl ether and other by-products) generated in situ by the catalytic cracker 12 under the pulse ignition of the igniter 100 times / S.

[0029] Since the high-pressure combustion-supporting gas provided by the two-stage compressor turbine 232 contains only 20% oxygen, 25% H2 is generated in situ by mass, which actually performs lean combustion. The pressure and heat reflux generated are controlled by the fuel input amount, which, on the one hand, forms a counteracting pressure, and on the other hand, meets the temperature requirements in the material selection of the engine. The high-temperature gas discharged from the main combustion chamber 28 and the gas discharged from the cooling gas channel 200 merge in the afterburner chamber 29. The two mixed gas fluids drive the exhaust turbine 25 to do work, and output power to the outside of the system through the engine shaft 22.

[0030] The above are only preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the embodiments, it is still possible for those skilled in the art to modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments or to replace some of the technical features therein with equivalents. However, any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A hydroalcohol fuel type multi-stage compressor turbine explosion combustion engine, characterized in that: The invention comprises a hydrogen production device using a water-alcohol raw material and an engine body, wherein the engine body comprises an engine casing, an engine shaft is arranged in the engine casing, at least two-stage compressor turbines are arranged at the front end of the engine shaft, a gas distribution plate, a main combustion chamber and an after-combustion chamber are arranged in sequence at the rear ends of the at least two-stage compressor turbines in the engine casing, a cooling air inlet hole and a combustion-supporting gas duct are arranged on the gas distribution plate, a cooling air channel is arranged on the outer side of the main combustion chamber, the cooling air channel connects the cooling air inlet hole and the after-combustion chamber, the combustion-supporting gas duct is communicated with the main combustion chamber, a fuel inlet is arranged on the engine casing, and the hydrogen production device using a water-alcohol raw material is connected to the fuel inlet.

2. The water-alcohol fuel type multi-stage compressor turbine explosion combustion engine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The rear end of the engine shaft is connected to an air bearing and an exhaust turbine, and the gas distribution plate is provided with an air inlet hole, which is connected to the air passage of the air bearing.

3. The water-alcohol fuel type multi-stage compressor turbine explosion combustion engine according to claim 2, characterized in that: The main combustion chamber and the after combustion chamber are both annular, and the cooling air passage is respectively arranged on the outer side of the outer annular surface and the outer side of the inner annular surface of the main combustion chamber.

4. The water-alcohol fuel type multi-stage compressor turbine explosion combustion engine according to claim 3, characterized in that: A fuel gas and a combustion-supporting gas mixing component is provided between the gas distribution plate and the main combustion chamber, the combustion-supporting gas conduit and the fuel inlet are respectively connected to the fuel gas and a combustion-supporting gas mixing component, and an igniter is provided in the main combustion chamber.

5. The water-alcohol fuel type multi-stage compressor turbine explosion combustion engine according to claim 4, characterized in that: The front end of the engine body is connected to a generator set, and the main shaft of the generator set is connected to the engine shaft.

6. The water-alcohol fuel type multi-stage compressor turbine explosion combustion engine according to claim 5, characterized in that: The generator set is provided with a conical annular air deflector cover, and the air deflector cover is communicated with the air inlet of the engine body.

7. The water-alcohol fuel type multi-stage compressor turbine explosion combustion engine according to claim 6, characterized in that: The rear end of the engine body is connected with a trumpet-shaped exhaust nozzle.

8. The water-alcohol fuel type multi-stage compressor turbine explosion combustion engine according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: The water-alcohol raw material hydrogen production device comprises a water-alcohol liquid tank and a catalytic cracker. The catalytic cracker is provided with a heat exchange component, and the heat exchange component recovers the high-temperature exhaust gas generated by the engine body.

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