Device and method for rapidly detecting ground stress

Abstract

The invention provides a device and method for rapidly detecting ground stress, and the device comprises three fixed pressure plates and three adjustable pressure plates, the fixed pressure plates and the adjustable pressure plates are assembled and fixed through adjusting bolts, and form a box body with adjustable internal pressure. The pressure is controlled by tightening the adjusting bolt; a simulation rock block is placed in the box body; a reserved hole used for drilling is reserved in the pressure adjusting plate located on the top. Upper arc-shaped clamps are arranged on the two sides of the preformed hole, the upper arc-shaped clamps are locked and fixed through adjusting bolts, and a drill hole is drilled in the top of the simulated rock block through a drilling machine penetrating through the preformed hole. The method has the advantages of simple operation, fast result acquisition, wide application, low cost and the like, and greatly reduces the difficulty of ground stress detection.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of ground stress detection, and specifically to a device and method for rapidly detecting ground stress. Background Art

[0002] Geostress refers to the stress generated by the rocks inside the earth due to the influence of gravity, tectonic movement, crustal plate movement, geothermal gradient and other factors. It has an important impact on geological structure, seismic activity, rock deformation and the formation of mineral resources. With the development of national construction, geostress is a very important consideration in some projects such as tunnels, subways, mines, dams, reservoirs, etc. Geostress is the fundamental factor causing the destruction of surrounding rocks in underground projects. Especially in the excavation process of underground projects such as tunnels and mines, high geostress may cause deformation and destruction of surrounding rocks, affecting the stability of the structure. Changes in geostress will affect the deformation characteristics of the rock mass. During the construction of underground projects, the redistribution of geostress may cause uneven deformation of the rock mass, thereby affecting the stability of the project.

[0003] The detection of ground stress in on-site engineering production is accompanied by a high degree of danger and a long detection cycle, which affects the construction cycle progress. Therefore, a fast, efficient, safe and easy-to-operate ground stress detection device will change the limitations of ground stress measurement. Summary of the invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the above-mentioned shortcomings and provide a device and method for quickly detecting ground stress. The device detects ground stress in an indirect way. By establishing a relationship between a destruction image and stress magnitude data, the magnitude of ground stress can be quickly converted. That is, a fixed amount of gas explosion pressure or water pressure is used in the simulation device to apply stress to simulated rock blocks with different stress magnitudes, and the reference data of crack depth, crack width, and crack position are obtained under different stresses. In actual engineering, the same gas explosion pressure or water pressure as in the laboratory is used to apply stress to the simulated rock blocks to obtain a set of crack width, depth, and position data. The corresponding experimental data is found and the corresponding stress magnitude can be directly matched. This method is simple to operate, has the advantages of fast results, wide application, and low cost, which greatly reduces the difficulty of ground stress detection.

[0005] In order to realize the above-mentioned technical features, the purpose of the present invention is achieved as follows: a device for quickly detecting ground stress, comprising three fixed pressure plates and three adjustable pressure plates, wherein the fixed pressure plates and the adjustable pressure plates are assembled and fixed by adjusting bolts, and constitute a box body with adjustable internal pressure, and the pressure is controlled by the degree of tightening the adjusting bolts; a simulated rock block is placed inside the box body; a reserved hole for drilling is reserved on the adjusting pressure plate at the top; upper arc clamps are arranged on both sides of the reserved hole, and the upper arc clamps are locked and fixed by adjusting bolts, and a hole is drilled on the top of the simulated rock block by a drill rig passing through the reserved hole.

[0006] The fixed pressure plate and the adjustable pressure plate are both made of high-strength steel plates, and the fixed pressure plate has an internal threaded hole inside, and the internal threaded hole is threadedly matched with the corresponding adjusting bolt.

[0007] During the specific pressure adjustment process, the three adjustable pressure plates need to be applied evenly in three directions, and adjusted in real time through the data of the internal pressure plates.

[0008] The upper arc clamp, the adjusting bolt and the adjustable pressure plate are combined into an integral structure and move up and down following the pressure plate.

[0009] The upper arc clamp and the adjusting bolt cooperate with the carbon dioxide detonator and are used to clamp the top of the gas explosion tube of the carbon dioxide detonator, and by adjusting the up and down front and back directions of the gas explosion tube, the pressure relief valve of the gas explosion tube is placed in the center position of the simulated rock drilling hole. When the pressure valve is opened, the impact generated by the gas explosion can make the rock around the pressure relief valve evenly stressed.

[0010] Four stress plates are arranged on the wall of the simulated rock block borehole, two adjacent ones of the four stress plates are placed perpendicular to each other, and stress plates are placed at the outer edges of the borehole and the simulated rock block.

[0011] A high-pressure water bag is placed in the drill hole inside the simulated rock block, and the high-pressure water bag is connected to a high-pressure water pump through a high-pressure water pipe. The carbon dioxide detonating device is connected to a wire for controlling the detonation.

[0012] Also included is a scanner with a probe capable of 360° rotation.

[0013] The utility model also comprises a replaceable drill bit, wherein the drill bit head is provided with an expandable flying piece, the flying piece is connected to a flying piece height adjustment ring through a connecting rod, and the flying piece height adjustment ring is sleeved on the drill rod.

[0014] A method for detecting ground stress using a device for quickly detecting ground stress comprises the following steps: Step 1: First, prepare a simulated rock block, adjust the adjustable pressure plate and the fixed pressure plate to form a box, put the simulated rock block in it and place a stress sheet in it in advance, and connect the power supply of the stress sheet to start monitoring stress; Step 2: Wait until the simulated rock has expanded completely, and then tighten the adjustable pressure plate again, and continue to apply external force to the simulated rock to accumulate higher stress inside the simulated rock; Step 3: Use a drilling machine to drill holes at the reserved holes of the adjustable pressure plate. After drilling, install the stress sheet again on the hole wall. The installation position of the stress sheet is that two adjacent stress sheets are perpendicular to each other. The position of the stress sheet should be at the lower depth of the drilled hole. The stress sheet is powered on. Step 4: Fix the carbon dioxide detonator with the upper clamp, adjust the position of the carbon dioxide detonator so that it is located at the center of the hole, and then adjust the adjustable pressure plate to adjust the upper and lower heights of the gas explosion tube so that the position of the pressure relief valve is flush with the height of the stress plate, and then connect the carbon dioxide detonator to the power supply; Step 5: After the blasting is completed, take out the carbon dioxide detonator, quickly fix the 3D scanner with a bracket, insert the scanner probe into the position where the stress sheet is attached to the blasting site, and scan for shedding and cracks; Step 6: Read the stress sheet data and analyze the correspondence between the graphic position and the stress sheet position.

[0015] The present invention has the following beneficial effects: 1. The present invention innovatively uses an indirect method to detect ground stress. By establishing a relationship between a destruction image and stress magnitude data, the magnitude of ground stress can be quickly converted. That is, a fixed amount of gas explosion pressure or water pressure is used in the simulation device to apply stress to simulated rock blocks with different stress magnitudes, and the comparison data of crack depth, crack width, and crack position are obtained under different stresses. In actual engineering, the same gas explosion pressure or water pressure as in the laboratory is used to apply stress to the simulated rock blocks to obtain a set of crack width, depth, and position data. The corresponding experimental data is found and the corresponding stress magnitude can be directly matched. This method is simple to operate, has the advantages of fast results, wide application, and low cost, which greatly reduces the difficulty of ground stress detection.

[0016] 2. The present invention innovatively adopts water pressure or other hydraulic methods, which has the advantages of low cost, simple materials, and reusable water bags, greatly reducing costs.

[0017] 3. In the preparation of simulated rock blocks, adjusting the proportion of the expansion agent can change the stress inside the simulated rock block. The external pressure plate can be adjusted, and the internal stress of the simulated rock block can also be adjusted. The pressure plate can be freely adjusted in three directions, which makes it easier to control the stress.

[0018] 4. The present invention innovatively adopts the blasting method and selects the carbon dioxide gas explosion device. The carbon dioxide blasting technology can be applied to a variety of complex working environments, such as deep foundation pits, tunnels, underground, etc., providing more selectivity. Carbon dioxide blasting does not produce toxic gases or harmful wastes and does not pollute the environment. The blasting power can be adjusted according to needs, providing greater flexibility.

[0019] 5. The present invention innovatively uses a 3D scanner, which can measure without touching the object, which is particularly useful for fragile, dangerous or inaccessible objects. The 3D scanner can collect data in all directions and generate a complete 3D model, which is very useful for measuring complex structures.

[0020] 6. The present invention drills a spherical space at the bottom of a conventional hole to form a three-dimensional space, which expands the two-dimensional water pressure detection and gas explosion detection to three dimensions. The measurement in the two-dimensional direction generally assumes that the drilling direction is parallel to a principal stress direction, but in practice, it cannot be guaranteed that the drilling direction is parallel to a principal stress direction. In the spherical space, there is no need to consider the direction problem, and the magnitude and direction of the three-dimensional stress are more accurate and can better meet the actual situation. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0021] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0022] Figure 1 It is an overall schematic diagram of the device of the present invention.

[0023] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of a high-pressure water bag.

[0024] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the gas explosion device.

[0025] Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the position of the water bag and stress sheet.

[0026] Figure 5 A drilling device for spherical holes inside rocks.

[0027] Figure 6 Schematic diagram of simulating drilling operation in rock block.

[0028] Figure 7 Schematic diagram of the simulated spherical hole in the rock block.

[0029] Figure 8 Schematic diagram of the simulated spherical hole in the rock after deformation.

[0030] In the figure: fixed pressure plates 1, 2, 3, adjustable pressure plates 4, 5, 6, adjusting bolts 701, 702, 703, 704, 705, 706, 707, 708, upper arc clamps 8, 9, simulated rock blocks 10, stress plates 11, 112, 113, 114, 171, 172, 173, 174, high-pressure water bag 12, high-pressure water pipe 13, pressure relief valve 14, carbon dioxide detonating device 15, wire 16, flying piece height adjustment ring 17, connecting rod 18, flying piece 19. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0031] The embodiments of the present invention are further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0032] Embodiment 1: See also Figure 1-8 A device for quickly detecting ground stress, characterized in that it includes three fixed pressure plates 1, 2, 3 and three adjustable pressure plates 4, 5, 6, wherein the fixed pressure plates 1, 2, 3 and the adjustable pressure plates 4, 5, 6 are assembled and fixed by adjusting bolts 701, 702, 703, 704, 705, 706, and constitute a box body with adjustable internal pressure, and the pressure is controlled by the degree of tightening the adjusting bolts; a simulated rock block 10 is placed inside the box body; a reserved hole for drilling is reserved on the adjusting pressure plate at the top; upper arc clamps 8, 9 are arranged on both sides of the reserved hole, and the upper arc clamps 8, 9 are locked and fixed by adjusting bolts 707, 708, and a hole is drilled on the top of the simulated rock block 10 by a drill rig passing through the reserved hole. The device of the present invention uses an indirect method to detect ground stress. By establishing a relationship between a destruction image and stress magnitude data, the magnitude of ground stress can be quickly converted. That is, a fixed amount of gas explosion pressure or water pressure is used in the simulation device to apply stress to simulated rock blocks with different stress magnitudes, and the reference data of crack depth, crack width, and crack position are obtained under different stresses. In actual engineering, the same gas explosion pressure or water pressure as in the laboratory is used to apply stress to the simulated rock blocks to obtain a set of crack width, depth, and position data. The corresponding experimental data is found and the corresponding stress magnitude can be directly matched. This method is simple to operate, obtains results quickly, is widely used, and has the advantages of low cost, which greatly reduces the difficulty of ground stress detection.

[0033] Furthermore, the fixed pressure plates 1, 2, 3 and the adjustable pressure plates 4, 5, 6 are respectively made of high-strength steel plates, and the fixed pressure plates 2, 3 have internal threaded holes inside, and the internal threaded holes are threadedly matched with the corresponding adjusting bolts 701, 702, 703, 704, 705, 706. The above structure can be used to adjust the adjustable pressure plates 4, 5, 6, thereby realizing the pressure adjustment of the simulated rock block 10.

[0034] Furthermore, in the specific pressure adjustment process, the three adjustable pressure plates 4, 5, 6 need to be applied evenly in three directions, and the pressure can be adjusted in real time according to the data of the internal pressure plate. The pressure adjustment method described above can achieve pressure adjustment.

[0035] Furthermore, the upper arc clamps 8, 9, adjusting bolts 707, 708 are combined with the adjustable pressure plate 6 into an integral structure, and move up and down following the pressure plate 6. Through the above structure, it is ensured that the upper arc clamps 8, 9, adjusting bolts 707, 708 can be adjusted up and down.

[0036] Furthermore, the upper arc clamps 8, 9 and the adjusting bolts 707, 708 cooperate with the carbon dioxide detonating device 15, and are used to clamp the top of the gas explosion tube of the carbon dioxide detonating device 15, and by adjusting the up and down front and back directions of the gas explosion tube, the pressure relief valve of the gas explosion tube is located at the center position of the drilling hole of the simulated rock block 10. When the pressure valve is opened, the impact generated by the gas explosion can make the rock around the pressure relief valve evenly stressed.

[0037] Furthermore, four stress sheets 11, 112, 113, 114 are arranged on the wall of the hole of the simulated rock block 10, two adjacent stress sheets are placed perpendicular to each other, and stress sheets 171, 172, 173, 174 are placed at the outer edges of the hole and the simulated rock block. The stress sheets can be used to detect stress.

[0038] Furthermore, a high-pressure water bag 12 is placed in the drill hole inside the simulated rock block 10, and the high-pressure water bag 12 is connected to a high-pressure water pump through a high-pressure water pipe 13, and a carbon dioxide detonating device 15 is connected to a wire 16 for controlling detonation. The high-pressure water bag 12 can be used to provide detonation force.

[0039] Furthermore, it also includes a scanner, wherein the scanner has a probe capable of rotating 360°.

[0040] Furthermore, it also includes a replaceable drill bit, the drill bit head has an expandable flying piece 19, the flying piece 19 is connected to the flying piece height adjustment ring 17 through a connecting rod 18, and the flying piece height adjustment ring 17 is sleeved on the drill rod.

[0041] Embodiment 2: A method for detecting ground stress by a device for quickly detecting ground stress comprises the following steps: Step 1: First, prepare a simulated rock block 10, adjust the adjustable pressure plates 4, 5, 6 and the fixed pressure plates 1, 2, 3 to form a box, put the simulated rock block 10 into it and place a stress sheet in it in advance, and connect the power supply of the stress sheet to start monitoring stress; Step 2: Wait until the simulated rock block 10 has expanded completely, and then press the adjustable pressure plates 4, 5, and 6 again, and continue to apply external force to the simulated rock block, so that higher stress is accumulated inside the simulated rock block; Step 3: Use a drilling machine to drill holes at the reserved holes of the adjustable pressure plate 6. After drilling, install stress sheets on the hole wall again. The installation position of the stress sheets is that two adjacent stress sheets are perpendicular to each other. The position of the stress sheets should be at the lower depth of the drilled hole. The stress sheets are powered on. Step 4: Fix the carbon dioxide initiator 15 through the upper clamp, adjust the position of the carbon dioxide initiator 15 so that it is located at the center of the hole, and then adjust the adjustable pressure plate 6 to adjust the upper and lower heights of the gas explosion tube so that the position of the pressure relief valve is flush with the height of the stress plate, and then connect the carbon dioxide initiator 15 to the power supply; Step 5: After the blasting is completed, take out the carbon dioxide detonator 15, quickly fix the 3D scanner with a bracket, insert the scanner probe into the position where the stress sheet is attached at the blasting site, and scan for shedding and cracks; Step 6: Read the stress sheet data and analyze the correspondence between the graphic position and the stress sheet position.

[0042] Embodiment 3: This embodiment provides a method for quickly detecting ground stress, comprising the following steps: Step 1: Material preparation, using barite powder, quartz sand, bentonite as aggregates, and gypsum as binder. The ratio is barite powder: quartz sand: bentonite: gypsum = 4:4:1:1. Add expansion agent as the source of internal stress of the rock. The first preparation uses 20% of the total mass of expansion agent. The proportion of expansion agent in the subsequent control group is adjusted according to the measured stress data to ensure that the stress value of the simulated rock block is wider and the contrast is more obvious; Step 2: Stir the prepared materials thoroughly, adjust the adjustable pressure plates 4 and 5, and form a box body with an open top together with the fixed pressure plates 1, 2, and 3, pour the prepared mortar into it, and place the stress sheets 171, 172, 173, and 174; Step 3: Adjust the upper adjustable pressure plate 6 downward, and use a steel plate cover to press the upper reserved drilling hole through a clamp to seal the box body, and then wait for the rock block and then the expansion agent to act; Step 4: After the expansion agent has finished working, open the steel plate cover, and use a drilling machine to drill holes in the reserved position of the cavity. The drilling depth should be greater than the depth of the stress sheet 171. After the drilling is completed, stress sheets 11, 112, 113, and 114 are placed around the hole wall again. Two adjacent ones are placed vertically to each other, and the height is consistent with the height of the stress sheet 171. The power cord of the stress sheet is wrapped with multiple layers of rubber to prevent damage.

[0043] Step 5: Fix the carbon dioxide gas explosion tube 15 on the clamp, and adjust the clamp so that the lower pressure relief valve 14 is at the same height as the stress sheets 11 and 171. The gas explosion tube is located at the center of the hole so that the impact force on the hole wall is equal during blasting. After the position adjustment is completed, blasting is carried out, and then the stress values ​​inside the rock block and the hole wall are recorded.

[0044] Step 6: After the blasting is completed, scan the hole wall. Due to insufficient light inside and darker areas deep in the cracks, a white developing spray is needed. Spray it on the cracks, and it will evaporate automatically after the scan is completed without damaging the rock.

[0045] Step 7: The measured stress slice data and the crack width and depth data in the image are combined into a set of corresponding relationships. Then the proportion of the expansion agent is adjusted to obtain simulated rock blocks with different stress magnitudes, and the above steps are repeated to establish multiple sets of data.

[0046] Embodiment 4: The difference from Example 3 is that the stress application method is different, and the carbon dioxide gas explosion device is replaced by a high-pressure water bag.

[0047] Specifically, the device and method for detecting ground stress include the following steps: Step 1: Material preparation, using barite powder, quartz sand, bentonite as aggregates, and gypsum as binder. The ratio is barite powder: quartz sand: bentonite: gypsum = 4:4:1:1. Add expansion agent as the source of internal stress of rock. The first preparation uses 20% of the total mass of expansion agent. The proportion of expansion agent in the subsequent control group is adjusted according to the measured stress data to ensure that the stress value of the simulated rock block is wider and the contrast is more obvious.

[0048] Step 2: Stir the prepared materials thoroughly, adjust the adjustable pressure plates 4 and 5, and form a box body with an open top together with the fixed pressure plates 1, 2, and 3, pour the prepared mortar into it, and place the stress sheet 17 there.

[0049] Step 3: Adjust the upper pressure plate 6 downward, and use a steel plate cover to cover the upper reserved drilling hole through a clamp to seal the box body, and then wait for the rock block and then wait for the expansion agent to act.

[0050] Step 4: After the expansion agent has finished working, open the steel plate cover, and use a drilling machine to drill holes in the reserved position of the cavity. The drilling depth should be greater than the depth of the stress sheet 171. After the drilling is completed, stress sheets 11, 112, 113, and 114 are placed around the hole wall again. Two adjacent ones are placed vertically to each other, and the height is consistent with the height of the stress sheet 171. The power cord of the stress sheet is wrapped with multiple layers of rubber to prevent damage.

[0051] Step 5: Place the high-pressure water bag 12 in the hole, fix the water pipe on the upper arc-shaped clamps 8 and 9, connect the water pump, and place an iron plate on the lower part of the clamp at the upper notch to seal the water bag in the hole, and then pressurize it.

[0052] Step 6: After the water pressure is completed, scan the hole wall. Due to insufficient light inside and darker depths of the cracks, a white developing spray is needed. Spray it on the cracks. It will evaporate automatically after the scan is completed and will not damage the rock.

[0053] Step 7: The measured stress slice data and the crack width and depth data in the image are combined into a set of corresponding relationships. Then the proportion of the expansion agent is adjusted to obtain simulated rock blocks with different stress magnitudes, and the above steps are repeated to establish multiple sets of data.

[0054] Embodiment 5: Different from conventional drilling, a spherical hole is drilled at the bottom of a conventional cylindrical hole, and carbon dioxide gas explosion is carried out in the spherical hole.

[0055] Step 1: Prepare the rock block, use a conventional drilling machine to complete the drilling, replace the drill bit, and increase the height of the flyer height adjustment ring 17. There is a guide rail on the back of the flyer, and the flyer 19 is opened by adjusting the connection 18. Then, under the action of centrifugal force, the flyer automatically opens until a semicircular hole is drilled in the rock block. Then, by pressing down the flyer height adjustment ring 17, the flyer continues to rotate downward until a spherical hole is drilled. The center of the drill bit is hollowed out and connected to a vacuum cleaner to handle the powder generated during the drilling process; Step 2: Fix the carbon dioxide gas explosion tube 15 on the clamp, and adjust the clamp so that the lower pressure relief valve 14 is located at the center of the ball hole. The connection between the spherical hole and the upper cylindrical hole is filled with expansion glue to make the internal sphere a closed space. The purpose is to ensure that the impact force on the hole wall is equal during blasting. After the position adjustment is completed, blasting is carried out, and then the stress values ​​inside the rock block and the hole wall are recorded.

[0056] Step 3: After the blasting is completed, the spherical hole will be in a three-dimensional stress state, and the inner wall will fall off, forming a hole with a shape between a sphere and a cube. Figure 8 As shown. A coordinate system is established for the rock block, and a microelement p (r, θ) is taken to analyze the stress, where r is the distance to the hole center and θ is the horizontal angle between the point and the hole center.

[0057] ; ; The angle between principal stress and radial direction: ; Step 4: Calculate the approximate cubic principal stress generated by the gas explosion through the stress slice inside the rock block, then perform three-dimensional scanning to obtain the image, and form a set of corresponding relationships between the measured stress slice data, the calculated stress and the crack width and depth data in the image.

[0058] Embodiment 6: The same experimental model as in Example 5 was used, except that the carbon dioxide gas explosion was replaced by water pressure.

[0059] Specifically, the device and method for detecting ground stress include the following steps: Step 1: Prepare the rock block. After drilling with a conventional drilling machine, replace the drill bit. By raising the height of the flyer height adjustment ring 17, there is a guide rail on the back of the flyer. Adjust it through the connecting rod 18 to open the flyer 19. Then, under the action of centrifugal force, the flyer automatically opens until a semicircular hole is drilled in the rock block. Then, by pressing down the flyer height adjustment ring 17, the flyer continues to rotate downward until a spherical hole is drilled. The center of the drill bit is hollowed out and connected to a vacuum cleaner to handle the powder generated during the drilling process.

[0060] Step 2: Stick a stress sheet on the hole wall, put a spherical water bag into the hole, and fill and seal the connection between the spherical hole and the upper cylindrical hole with expansion glue to make the internal sphere a closed space.

[0061] Step 3: Clean the debris in the ball hole of the rock block, then place a water bag, connect the water bag to a high-pressure water pump, pressurize the water bag, and observe the changes in water pressure and stress sheets inside the rock block.

[0062] Step 4: After the pressurization is completed, the hole wall is scanned to observe the direction of the cracks to determine the direction of the principal stress, and the magnitude of the stress is calculated by reading the stress sheet data and the water pressure.

Claims

1. A device for rapidly detecting ground stress, characterized in that: The invention comprises three fixed pressure plates (1) (2) (3) and three adjustable pressure plates (4) (5) (6), wherein the fixed pressure plates (1) (2) (3) and the adjustable pressure plates (4) (5) (6) are assembled and fixed by adjusting bolts (701) (702) (703) (704) (705) (706), and form a box body with adjustable pressure inside, and the pressure is controlled by tightening the adjusting bolts. A simulated rock block (10) is placed inside the box body; a reserved hole for drilling is reserved on the adjusting pressure plate at the top; upper arc clamps (8) (9) are arranged on both sides of the reserved hole, and the upper arc clamps (8) (9) are locked and fixed by adjusting bolts (707) (708), and a hole is drilled on the top of the simulated rock block (10) by a drill that passes through the reserved hole.

2. A device for rapidly detecting ground stress according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fixed pressure plate (1) (2) (3) and the adjustable pressure plate (4) (5) (6) are respectively made of high-strength steel plates, and the fixed pressure plate (2) (3) has an internal threaded hole inside, and the internal threaded hole and the corresponding adjusting bolt (701) (702) (703) (704) (705) (706) form a threaded fit.

3. The device for rapidly detecting ground stress according to claim 1, characterized in that: During the specific pressure adjustment process, the three adjustable pressure plates (4) (5) (6) need to be applied evenly in three directions, and the pressure can be adjusted in real time based on the data from the internal pressure plates.

4. The device for rapidly detecting ground stress according to claim 1, characterized in that: The upper arc-shaped clamp (8) (9), the adjusting bolt (707) (708) and the adjustable pressure plate (6) are combined into an integral structure and move up and down along with the pressure plate (6).

5. A device for rapidly detecting ground stress according to claim 4, characterized in that: The upper arc-shaped clamp (8) (9) and the adjusting bolt (707) (708) cooperate with the carbon dioxide detonator (15) and are used to clamp the top of the gas explosion tube of the carbon dioxide detonator (15), and by adjusting the up-down and forward-backward directions of the gas explosion tube, the pressure relief valve of the gas explosion tube is located at the center of the drill hole of the simulated rock block (10). When the pressure valve is opened, the impact generated by the gas explosion can make the rock around the pressure relief valve bear force evenly.

6. A device for rapidly detecting ground stress according to claim 5, characterized in that: Four stress plates (11) (112) (113) (114) are arranged on the wall of the hole drilled in the simulated rock block (10), two adjacent ones of the four stress plates are arranged perpendicular to each other, and stress plates (171) (172) (173) (174) are placed at the outer edges of the drilled hole and the simulated rock block.

7. A device for rapidly detecting ground stress according to claim 6, characterized in that: A high-pressure water bag (12) is placed in the drill hole inside the simulated rock block (10); the high-pressure water bag (12) is connected to a high-pressure water pump via a high-pressure water pipe (13); and the carbon dioxide detonating device (15) is connected to a wire (16) for controlling detonation.

8. The device for rapidly detecting ground stress according to claim 6, characterized in that: Also included is a scanner with a probe capable of 360° rotation.

9. The device for rapidly detecting ground stress according to claim 6, characterized in that: The invention also comprises a replaceable drill bit, wherein the drill bit head has an expandable flying piece (19), the flying piece (19) is connected to a flying piece height adjustment ring (17) through a connecting rod (18), and the flying piece height adjustment ring (17) is sleeved on the drill rod.

10. A method for detecting ground stress using the device for rapidly detecting ground stress according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: The following steps are included Step 1: First, prepare a simulated rock block (10), adjust the adjustable pressure plate (4), (5), (6) and the fixed pressure plate (1), (2), (3) to form a box, put the simulated rock block (10) into it and place a stress sheet in it in advance, and connect the stress sheet to power and start monitoring stress; Step 2: Wait for the simulated rock block (10) to expand completely, and then tighten the adjustable pressure plates (4), (5), (6) again, and continue to apply external force to the simulated rock block, so that higher stress is accumulated inside the simulated rock block; Step 3: Use a drilling machine to drill holes at the reserved holes of the adjustable pressure plate (6). After drilling, install stress sheets on the hole wall again. The installation position of the stress sheets is that two adjacent stress sheets are perpendicular to each other. The position of the stress sheets should be at the bottom depth of the drilled hole. Connect the stress sheet to the power supply. Step 4: Fix the carbon dioxide detonator (15) by the upper clamp, adjust the position of the carbon dioxide detonator (15) so that it is located at the center of the hole, and then adjust the adjustable pressure plate (6) to adjust the upper and lower heights of the gas explosion tube so that the position of the pressure relief valve is flush with the height of the stress plate, and then connect the carbon dioxide detonator (15) to the power supply; Step 5: After the blasting is completed, take out the carbon dioxide detonator (15), quickly fix the three-dimensional scanner with a bracket, insert the scanner probe into the position where the stress sheet is attached at the blasting site, and scan for shedding and cracks; Step 6: Read the stress sheet data and analyze the correspondence between the graphic position and the stress sheet position.

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