Rice cultivation method for reducing nitrogen fertilizer and improving rice quality

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of agriculture, and relates to a rice cultivation method for reducing nitrogen fertilizer and improving rice quality. According to the rice cultivation method, the usage amount of chemical nitrogen fertilizer is effectively reduced, the level of reducing the application amount of the chemical nitrogen fertilizer by 10% or above is achieved, nitrogen fertilizer non-point source pollution is remarkably reduced, and the ecological environment is protected. Meanwhile, on the basis that the rice yield is maintained or even increased, the quality of the rice is remarkably improved, and indexes including head rice rate, transparency, polished rice rate, brown rice rate and the like are superior to those of a traditional method. By using the microbial insecticide, green and efficient pest control is realized, and the use frequency of the pesticide and the influence on the environment are reduced. According to the method, conventional agricultural planting and management measures are adopted, operation is easy and convenient, the method is easily accepted and implemented by farmers, the agricultural production cost is effectively reduced, and economic benefits are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of agriculture and relates to a rice cultivation method for reducing nitrogen fertilizer and improving rice quality. Background Art

[0002] In modern agricultural production, the rational use of nitrogen fertilizer is crucial to improving crop yield and quality. However, excessive or unreasonable application of nitrogen fertilizer will not only lead to increased costs, but may also cause a series of environmental problems, such as eutrophication of water bodies and soil acidification. Therefore, exploring effective nitrogen fertilizer reduction technology has become one of the keys to sustainable agricultural development. At present, research on methods for reducing the application of nitrogen fertilizer for rice mainly focuses on improving agronomic planting measures. For example, wide and narrow row density planting of rice is a widely discussed technical means. It adjusts the row spacing and plant spacing of rice planting in order to reduce the amount of nitrogen fertilizer application without affecting or even increasing yield.

[0003] However, the operation of this planting method is relatively complicated, requiring farmers to have a high level of technical skills and meticulous operation requirements for field management. Specifically, wide and narrow row density planting requires precise control of the distance between each plant to ensure that there is enough space between plants for photosynthesis, while making full use of land resources and avoiding resource waste. In addition, this method also requires timely adjustment of fertilization strategies according to different growth stages to ensure effective use of fertilizers. For most small-scale farmers, such operations not only increase labor intensity, but also increase production costs. Especially in the absence of technical support and training, it is difficult for farmers to accurately master these complex management techniques, which makes its application in actual agricultural production face great challenges. Summary of the invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to address the above-mentioned problems existing in the prior art and propose a rice cultivation method for reducing nitrogen fertilizer and improving rice quality. The method adopts organic fertilizer combined with slow-release fertilizer and conventional agronomic planting and management measures to reduce the application of chemical nitrogen fertilizer by more than 10% while maintaining the rice yield, thereby effectively controlling nitrogen fertilizer non-point source pollution and significantly improving the rice quality.

[0005] The purpose of the present invention can be achieved by the following technical solutions: A rice cultivation method for reducing nitrogen fertilizer and improving rice quality, the method comprising the following steps: S1. Apply slow-release fertilizers and organic fertilizers during the rice basal fertilizer period; S2, topdressing ureaamine during the tillering stage of rice; S3, spray selenium-rich foliar fertilizer at the end of rice tillering and heading stage; S4. Finally, apply microbial insecticides at the ear stage.

[0006] In the above-mentioned rice cultivation method for reducing nitrogen fertilizer and improving rice quality, the mass ratio of the slow-release fertilizer to the organic fertilizer in step S1 is 1:(5-10).

[0007] In the above-mentioned rice cultivation method for reducing nitrogen fertilizer and improving rice quality, the slow-release fertilizer is N-P2O5-K2O (26-10-12).

[0008] In the above-mentioned rice cultivation method for reducing nitrogen fertilizer and improving rice quality, the organic fertilizer contains the following ingredients: 360-380 g / kg of organic matter, 10-11 g / kg of nitrogen, 19-20 g / kg of potassium, 19-20 g / kg of phosphorus, 44-45 g / kg of calcium, 7-8 g / kg of magnesium, 230-240 mg / kg of zinc, 2-3 mg / kg of molybdenum, and 3-4 mg / kg of selenium.

[0009] In the above-mentioned rice cultivation method for reducing nitrogen fertilizer and improving rice quality, the application amounts of slow-release fertilizer and organic fertilizer are 30-40 kg / mu and 230-280 kg / mu respectively.

[0010] The present invention uses the combined use of slow-release fertilizer and organic fertilizer, so that it can intelligently adjust the nutrient release rate according to the crop growth stage, significantly reduce the loss and volatilization of nitrogen fertilizer, ensure that the crop obtains the required nitrogen in the key growth stage, and promote protein synthesis, thereby improving the nutritional value and taste of rice. Among them, the organic fertilizer provides rich trace elements and organic matter, improves the flavor and aroma of rice, and promotes the accumulation of aromatic substances in rice. The organic nitrogen provided by the organic fertilizer can be continuously released, enhances the water retention, aeration and microbial activity of the soil, makes the root system grow healthier, further improves the absorption efficiency of nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, and enhances the plant's stress resistance (insect resistance, pest resistance and drought resistance), thereby improving the overall health and quality of rice. At the same time, the application of slow-release fertilizer combined with organic fertilizer reduces the amount of pesticides used and significantly improves the effect of pest control. Therefore, the combined application technology of slow-release fertilizer and organic fertilizer of the present invention can not only effectively reduce the application of nitrogen fertilizer while maintaining rice yield, but also ensure that the quality of rice reaches higher standards, including polished rice rate, brown rice rate, transparency and other aspects.

[0011] In the above-mentioned rice cultivation method for reducing nitrogen fertilizer and improving rice quality, applying slow-release fertilizer and organic fertilizer during the basal fertilizer period specifically includes the following steps: spreading the fertilizer 10-15 days before rice transplanting, introducing irrigation water to level the field surface, and fully mixing the fertilizer with the plow layer soil before curing for 5-15 days.

[0012] In the above-mentioned rice cultivation method for reducing nitrogen fertilizer and improving rice quality, the nitrogen content of urea amine is 25-35wt%, and the application amount is 5-8 kg / mu.

[0013] In the above-mentioned rice cultivation method for reducing nitrogen fertilizer and improving rice quality, the application amount of selenium-rich foliar fertilizer is 100 mL / mu.

[0014] In the above-mentioned rice cultivation method for reducing nitrogen fertilizer and improving rice quality, the microbial source pesticide is a dispersible granule containing 20-30wt% of spinetoram, and the application amount is 10-15g / mu.

[0015] In the above-mentioned rice cultivation method for reducing nitrogen fertilizer and improving rice quality, water management during the rice cultivation method includes: maintaining a water layer of 2-3 cm during the rice transplanting period; maintaining a water layer of 3-5 cm during the seedling period; maintaining a water layer of 3-5 cm during the tillering period; maintaining a water layer of 3-5 cm during the heading period; adopting shallow wet intermittent irrigation during the filling period; and gradually drying up the water layer half a month before harvesting.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: 1. The rice cultivation method of the present invention effectively reduces the use of chemical nitrogen fertilizers, reaching a level of reducing the use of chemical nitrogen fertilizers by more than 10%, significantly reducing nitrogen fertilizer non-point source pollution, and protecting the ecological environment. At the same time, the method significantly improves the quality of rice on the basis of maintaining or even increasing rice yield, including indicators such as polished rice rate, transparency, gel consistency, polished rice rate and brown rice rate, which are all better than traditional methods.

[0017] 2. The present invention uses microbial pesticides to achieve green and efficient pest control, reducing the number of pesticides used and the impact on the environment. The method adopts conventional agronomic planting and management measures, is easy to operate, and is easily accepted and implemented by farmers, effectively reducing agricultural production costs and improving economic benefits.

[0018] 3. The rice cultivation method of the present invention not only has significant economic advantages, but also performs well in social and ecological benefits, providing strong technical support for achieving sustainable agricultural development. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0019] The following are specific embodiments of the present invention, which further describe the technical solutions of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to these embodiments.

[0020] The rice variety used in the embodiment is Zhejiang Hexiang No. 2, the location of the field experiment is Hongchen Village, Cicheng Town, Jiangbei District, the soil is yellow-spotted purple mud field, pH 5.56, the soil fertility is medium, the organic matter content is 25.7 g / kg, the total nitrogen content is 1.66 g / kg, the available phosphorus content is 18.8 mg / kg, and the available potassium content is 188 mg / kg.

[0021] Embodiment 1:

[0022] S1. Application of base fertilizer: slow-release fertilizer (N-P2O5-K2O 26-10-12) at 35 kg / mu, and organic fertilizer at 250 kg / mu. Apply the fertilizer 10 days before rice transplanting, then introduce irrigation water to level the field surface, mix the fertilizer with the tillage layer of soil, and maintain the maintenance time for 5 days; Slow-release fertilizers were purchased from Henan Xinlianxin Fertilizer Co., Ltd.; The main ingredients of organic fertilizer are as follows: organic matter 366 g / kg, nitrogen 10.4 g / kg, potassium 19.4 g / kg, phosphorus 19.4 g / kg, calcium 44.6 g / kg, magnesium 7.35 g / kg, zinc 236 mg / kg, molybdenum 2.20 mg / kg, and selenium 3.66 mg / kg.

[0023] S2. Land preparation: plough the soil with basal fertilizer to a depth of 20 cm to make it soft, then add irrigation water to keep the water layer at 3 cm; S3, transplanting: The row spacing and plant spacing of rice transplanting are both 20 cm; S4. Apply ureaamine during the tillering stage of rice. The nitrogen content in ureaamine is 30wt% and the application amount is 6 kg / mu. Ureaamine was purchased from Henan Xinlianxin Fertilizer Co., Ltd.

[0024] S5. Foliar fertilizer application: Spray selenium-rich foliar fertilizer at the end of tillering and heading stage, with an application rate of 100 mL per mu. After diluting to 15 L, use a drone to spray. It is recommended to spray after 4 pm on a windless and cloudy day. If it rains 3 hours after spraying, re-spraying is required. Selenium-rich foliar fertilizer was purchased from Zhejiang Chunqiu Biotechnology Co., Ltd. S6. Water management: Keep the water layer at 2.5 cm during rice transplanting; 4 cm during seedling stage; 4 cm during tillering stage; 4 cm during heading stage; shallow wet intermittent irrigation during grain filling stage; gradually dry the water layer half a month before harvesting; S7. Pest and disease control: Apply dispersible granules containing 25% spinetoram at the rice heading stage at a rate of 12 g / mu. The dispersible granules were purchased from Ningbo Yongfeng Agricultural Production Materials Co., Ltd.; S8. Harvesting: When the rice is fully mature, harvest it at an appropriate time according to weather conditions. Remove the weeds and inferior rice before harvesting. Use a combine harvester with a straw crushing device to harvest.

[0025] Embodiment 2:

[0026] S1. Application of base fertilizer: 30 kg / mu of slow-release fertilizer (N-P2O5-K2O 26-10-12), 230 kg / mu of organic fertilizer. Apply the fertilizer 10 days before transplanting rice seedlings, then introduce irrigation water to level the field surface, mix the fertilizer with the tillage layer of soil, and maintain the maintenance time for 5 days; Slow-release fertilizers were purchased from Henan Xinlianxin Fertilizer Co., Ltd.; The main ingredients of organic fertilizer are as follows: organic matter 366 g / kg, nitrogen 10.4 g / kg, potassium 19.4 g / kg, phosphorus 19.4 g / kg, calcium 44.6 g / kg, magnesium 7.35 g / kg, zinc 236 mg / kg, molybdenum 2.20 mg / kg, and selenium 3.66 mg / kg.

[0027] S2. Land preparation: plough the soil with basal fertilizer to a depth of 20 cm to make it soft, then add irrigation water to keep the water layer at 3 cm; S3, transplanting: The row spacing and plant spacing of rice transplanting are both 20 cm; S4, applying ureaamine during the tillering stage of rice, the nitrogen content of ureaamine was 25wt%, the application amount was 5kg / mu, and ureaamine was purchased from Henan Xinlianxin Fertilizer Co., Ltd.; S5. Foliar fertilizer application: Spray selenium-rich foliar fertilizer at the end of tillering and heading stage, with an application rate of 100 mL per mu. After diluting to 15 L, use a drone to spray. It is recommended to spray after 4 pm on a windless and cloudy day. If it rains 3 hours after spraying, re-spraying is required. Selenium-rich foliar fertilizer was purchased from Zhejiang Chunqiu Biotechnology Co., Ltd. S6. Water management: Keep the water layer at 2.5 cm during rice transplanting; 4 cm during seedling stage; 4 cm during tillering stage; 4 cm during heading stage; shallow wet intermittent irrigation during grain filling stage; gradually dry the water layer half a month before harvesting; S7. Pest and disease control: Apply dispersible granules containing 25% spinetoram at the rice heading stage at a rate of 10 g / mu. The dispersible granules were purchased from Ningbo Yongfeng Agricultural Production Materials Co., Ltd.; S8. Harvesting: When the rice is fully mature, harvest it at an appropriate time according to weather conditions. Remove the weeds and inferior rice before harvesting. Use a combine harvester with a straw crushing device to harvest.

[0028] Embodiment 3:

[0029] S1. Application of base fertilizer: 40 kg / mu of slow-release fertilizer (N-P2O5-K2O 26-10-12), 280 kg / mu of organic fertilizer. Apply the fertilizer 10 days before transplanting rice seedlings, then introduce irrigation water to level the field surface, mix the fertilizer with the tillage layer of soil, and maintain the maintenance time for 5 days; Slow-release fertilizers were purchased from Henan Xinlianxin Fertilizer Co., Ltd.; The organic fertilizer includes the following main components: organic matter 366 g / kg, nitrogen 10.4 g / kg, potassium 19.4 g / kg, phosphorus 19.4 g / kg, calcium 44.6 g / kg, magnesium 7.35 g / kg, zinc 236 mg / kg, molybdenum 2.20 mg / kg, selenium 3.66 mg / kg; S2. Land preparation: plough the soil with basal fertilizer to a depth of 20 cm to make it soft, then add irrigation water to keep the water layer at 3 cm; S3, transplanting: The row spacing and plant spacing of rice transplanting are both 20 cm; S4, topdressing ureaamine at the tillering stage of rice, the nitrogen content of ureaamine was 35wt%, the application amount was 8 kg / mu, and ureaamine was purchased from Henan Xinlianxin Fertilizer Co., Ltd.; S5. Foliar fertilizer application: Spray selenium-rich foliar fertilizer at the end of tillering and heading stage, with an application rate of 100 mL per mu. After diluting to 15 L, use a drone to spray. It is recommended to spray after 4 pm on a windless and cloudy day. If it rains 3 hours after spraying, re-spraying is required. Selenium-rich foliar fertilizer was purchased from Zhejiang Chunqiu Biotechnology Co., Ltd. S6. Water management: Keep the water layer at 2.5 cm during rice transplanting; 4 cm during seedling stage; 4 cm during tillering stage; 4 cm during heading stage; shallow wet intermittent irrigation during grain filling stage; gradually dry the water layer half a month before harvesting; S7. Pest and disease control: Apply dispersible granules containing 25% spinetoram at the rice heading stage at a rate of 15 g / mu. The dispersible granules were purchased from Ningbo Yongfeng Agricultural Production Materials Co., Ltd.; S8. Harvesting: When the rice is fully mature, harvest it at an appropriate time according to weather conditions. Remove the weeds and inferior rice before harvesting. Use a combine harvester with a straw crushing device to harvest.

[0030] Comparative Example 1: The only difference from Example 1 is that step S1 only applies organic fertilizer.

[0031] Comparative Example 2: The only difference from Example 1 is that in step S1 only slow-release fertilizer is applied.

[0032] Comparative Example 3: The only difference from Example 1 is that the amount of slow-release fertilizer applied in step S1 is 20 kg / mu.

[0033] Comparative Example 4: The only difference from Example 1 is that the amount of slow-release fertilizer applied in step S1 is 60 kg / mu.

[0034] Comparative Example 5: The only difference from Example 1 is that the amount of ureaamine applied in step S2 is 10 kg / mu.

[0035]

[0036] From the above results, it can be seen that in Comparative Example 1, only chemical fertilizers were added, resulting in a decrease in rice yield and quality; in Comparative Example 2, no organic fertilizer was added, resulting in a decrease in rice yield and quality; in Comparative Example 3, too little slow-release fertilizer was applied, resulting in a relatively low rice yield and a relatively low rice quality; in Comparative Example 4, too much slow-release fertilizer was applied, resulting in a relatively increased rice yield, but a decrease in rice quality; in Comparative Example 5, a large amount of ureaamine was added, resulting in a relatively increased rice yield, but a decrease in rice quality.

[0037] In summary, the rice cultivation method of the present invention effectively reduces the use of chemical nitrogen fertilizers, reaches a level of reducing the use of chemical nitrogen fertilizers by more than 10%, significantly reduces nitrogen fertilizer non-point source pollution, and protects the ecological environment. At the same time, the method significantly improves the quality of rice on the basis of maintaining or even increasing rice yield, including indicators such as whole polished rice rate, transparency, gel consistency, polished rice rate and brown rice rate, which are better than traditional methods.

[0038] The parts of the embodiments herein that are not exhaustive of the midpoint values ​​of the technical scope claimed for protection by the present invention and the new technical solutions formed by equivalent replacement of single or multiple technical features in the technical solutions of the embodiments are also within the scope claimed for protection by the present invention; at the same time, in all the listed or unlisted embodiments of the scheme of the present invention, each parameter in the same embodiment merely represents an example of its technical solution (i.e., a feasible solution), and there is no strict coordination and limitation relationship between the parameters, wherein the parameters can be replaced with each other without violating the axioms and the claims of the present invention, unless otherwise stated.

[0039] The technical means disclosed in the scheme of the present invention are not limited to the technical means disclosed in the above technical means, but also include technical schemes composed of any combination of the above technical features. The above is a specific implementation of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for ordinary technicians in this technical field, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these improvements and modifications are also regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.

[0040] The specific embodiments described herein are merely examples of the spirit of the present invention. Those skilled in the art may make various modifications or additions to the specific embodiments described or replace them in similar ways, but they will not deviate from the spirit of the present invention or exceed the scope defined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A rice cultivation method for reducing nitrogen fertilizer and improving rice quality, characterized in that: The method comprises the following steps: S1. Apply slow-release fertilizers and organic fertilizers during the rice basal fertilizer period; S2, topdressing ureaamine during the tillering stage of rice; S3, spray selenium-rich foliar fertilizer at the end of rice tillering and heading stage; S4. Finally, apply microbial insecticides at the ear stage.

2. A rice cultivation method for reducing nitrogen fertilizer and improving rice quality according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S1, the mass ratio of the slow-release fertilizer to the organic fertilizer is 1:(5-10).

3. A rice cultivation method for reducing nitrogen fertilizer and improving rice quality according to claim 1, characterized in that: The slow-release fertilizer is N-P2O5-K2O (26-10-12).

4. A rice cultivation method for reducing nitrogen fertilizer and improving rice quality according to claim 1, characterized in that: Organic fertilizer contains the following ingredients: organic matter 360-380 g / kg, nitrogen 10-11g / kg, potassium 19-20g / kg, phosphorus 19-20g / kg, calcium 44-45g / kg, magnesium 7-8g / kg, zinc 230-240 mg / kg, molybdenum 2-3 mg / kg, selenium 3-4mg / kg.

5. A rice cultivation method for reducing nitrogen fertilizer and improving rice quality according to claim 1, characterized in that: The application rates of slow-release fertilizer and organic fertilizer are 30-40 kg / mu and 230-280 kg / mu respectively.

6. A rice cultivation method for reducing nitrogen fertilizer and improving rice quality according to claim 1, characterized in that: The application of slow-release fertilizers and organic fertilizers during the basal fertilizer period specifically includes the following steps: spreading the fertilizers 10-15 days before rice transplanting, introducing irrigation water to level the field surface, and then fully mixing the fertilizers with the topsoil and curing for 5-15 days.

7. A rice cultivation method for reducing nitrogen fertilizer and improving rice quality according to claim 1, characterized in that: The nitrogen content of urea amine is 25-35wt%, and the application amount is 5-8 kg / mu.

8. A rice cultivation method for reducing nitrogen fertilizer and improving rice quality according to claim 1, characterized in that: The application amount of selenium-rich foliar fertilizer is 90-120kg / mu.

9. A rice cultivation method for reducing nitrogen fertilizer and improving rice quality according to claim 1, characterized in that: The microbial source insecticide is a dispersible granule containing 20-30wt% of ethyl spinetoram, and the application amount is 10-15g / mu.

10. A rice cultivation method for reducing nitrogen fertilizer and improving rice quality according to claim 1, characterized in that: Water management during rice cultivation methods include: maintaining a water layer of 2-3 cm during rice transplanting; maintaining a water layer of 3-5 cm during seedling stage; maintaining a water layer of 3-5 cm during tillering stage; maintaining a water layer of 3-5 cm during heading stage; adopting shallow wet intermittent irrigation during grain filling stage; and gradually drying up the water layer half a month before harvesting.

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