Soil moisture storage and temperature increase cotton seedling emergence method for one-sowing full seedlings

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of plant cultivation, and particularly discloses a moisture-storage temperature-increasing one-sowing full-seedling emergence method, which comprises the following steps: after mulching film laying before sowing, carrying out one-time water-dropping moisture-storage treatment when the average temperature reaches 5 DEG C or above continuously for 3-5 days, keeping soil moist, standing for 5-7 days, and carrying out one-time sowing and earthing when the under-film temperature is stabilized to 12 DEG C or above. According to the method, through reasonable technical means, the problems that seedlings emerge irregularly and the proportion of weak seedlings is high in a traditional cotton dry sowing and wet emergence drip seedling emergence technology are solved, strong seedlings can be formed easily, cost saving and efficiency increasing are facilitated, the field management workload in the later period of dry sowing and wet emergence is reduced, and good application prospects and economic benefits are achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to a cotton seedling germination method in the field of plant cultivation, which can store moisture, increase temperature and sow all seedlings at one time. Background Art

[0002] Cotton is one of the most important economic crops in the world. However, in the process of cotton planting, there are often a series of problems, such as poor uniformity and weak growth potential of cotton seedlings, which affect the yield and quality of cotton.

[0003] At present, the cotton dry sowing and wet emergence technology widely promoted in Xinjiang has the following disadvantages: First, after sowing, a small amount of water is dripped multiple times for emergence, and the dripping amount is not accurately controlled. Too much water will easily cause the surface soil to harden and affect emergence, or leakage will easily lead to vigorous growth. The seeds with little water will lack water and cannot germinate. Second, the dry sowing and wet emergence sowing method, the low temperature of the emergence water will reduce the ground temperature. At the same time, small amount of water and frequent dripping will make the cotton seeds face a low temperature and high humidity environment when the temperature has not risen, thereby inhibiting the activity of enzymes inside the seeds, slowing down the respiration and material transformation of the seeds, and making it impossible for the seeds to quickly start the germination process. Moreover, this low temperature stimulation may also damage the cell structure of the seeds, reduce the vitality and germination potential of the seeds, and lead to uneven emergence, missing seedlings, and broken ridges. Third, the temperature is unstable before and after sowing. The temperature may be high during the day and drop sharply at night. This drastic temperature difference between day and night causes physiological metabolism disorders in the germination process of the seeds, and cannot carry out cell division and growth normally, thus affecting the emergence rate and the robustness of the seedlings.

[0004] In order to solve the above problems, improve the germination rate and seedling quality of cotton, and achieve full seedlings in one sowing, there is an urgent need for an innovative cotton sowing technology that can effectively accumulate soil moisture and increase ground temperature, while also being able to control the amount of water used for germination, thereby creating good environmental conditions for the germination of cotton seeds and the growth of seedlings, and laying the foundation for improving the yield and quality of cotton. Summary of the invention

[0005] The technical problem to be solved by the invention is how to improve the uniformity of cotton seedling emergence and the overall seedling condition.

[0006] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention first provides a method for storing moisture and increasing temperature to enable all seedlings to emerge in one sowing, which comprises the steps of performing a one-time dripping moisture storage treatment when the average temperature reaches above 5°C for 3-5 consecutive days after laying the ground film before sowing, keeping the soil moist and standing for 5-7 days until the temperature under the film is stable at above 12°C, performing a one-time sowing and covering with soil.

[0007] In the above method, the thickness of the ground film is ≥0.015mm.

[0008] In the above method, the drip irrigation tape is laid simultaneously with laying the ground film.

[0009] In the above method, the dripping water volume of the dripping water storage treatment is 25-30m 3 / mu.

[0010] In the above method, the soil moistening refers to 70%-80% of the soil water holding capacity.

[0011] In the above method, the sowing is carried out according to one seed per hole, and the soil is covered and the film is pressed after sowing.

[0012] In the above method, the method also includes the steps of irrigating and plowing the land after the previous crop is harvested in the autumn of the previous year, and preparing the land in late March of the year when cotton is planted.

[0013] In the above method, the method also includes the step of chemical regulation with mepiquat after uniform emergence of seedlings.

[0014] The method for germination of all seedlings by storing moisture and increasing temperature in one sowing has the following specific steps: S1. Plough the land after harvesting the previous crop in the autumn of the previous year, and prepare the land in late March of the cotton planting year; S2. Select high-quality cotton varieties that are strong in stress resistance, insect and disease resistance, high germination ability, strong growth potential, concentrated boll formation, easy to manage, early maturity without premature aging, and suitable for local planting; S3. In late March to early April of the same year, the soil that has been prepared is treated by laying film to increase temperature, and drip irrigation belts are laid; S4. When the average temperature is stable above 5℃ within 3-5 days, a one-time drip water storage treatment is carried out; S5. After the moisture storage treatment, let it stand for 5-7 days. When the soil water holding capacity is 70%-80% and the temperature under the film is stable above 12℃, sow one seed per hole at a time. After sowing, cover the soil evenly with the same depth and press the film tightly. S6. After the seedlings emerge neatly, use cypermethrin for chemical regulation and carry out field management.

[0015] The present invention also protects the application of the cotton seedling germination method of storing moisture and increasing temperature in one sowing and all seedlings in cotton planting in the inland cotton areas of northwest China.

[0016] In the above application, the northwestern inland cotton region includes the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Gansu Province and areas with similar climate.

[0017] The present invention discloses a method for germinating cotton seedlings by storing moisture and increasing temperature and sowing all seedlings at once. The method comprises the following steps: soil preparation before sowing, film laying and drip irrigation belt laying, and a one-time dripping and moisture storage treatment is performed when the average temperature reaches above 5°C for 3-5 consecutive days to keep the soil moist. After standing for 5-7 days, when the temperature under the film is stable above 12°C, one-time sowing and soil covering are performed to improve the uniformity of cotton seedling emergence and the overall seedling condition, thereby improving the yield and quality of cotton. The method for germinating cotton seedlings by storing moisture and increasing temperature and sowing all seedlings at once solves the problems of uneven emergence and high proportion of weak seedlings in the traditional cotton "dry sowing and wet emergence" dripping emergence technology through reasonable technical means, is conducive to forming strong seedlings, is conducive to saving costs and increasing efficiency, and reduces the workload of field management in the later stage of dry sowing and wet emergence, and has good application prospects and economic benefits. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0018] The present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with specific embodiments, and the examples provided are only for illustrating the present invention, rather than for limiting the scope of the present invention. The examples provided below can be used as a guide for further improvement by those skilled in the art of the method for accumulating moisture and increasing temperature to sow all seedlings for emergence of the present invention, and do not constitute a limitation of the present invention in any way.

[0019] The experimental methods in the following examples, unless otherwise specified, are all conventional methods, and are performed according to the techniques or conditions described in the literature in the field or according to the product instructions. The materials, reagents, etc. used in the following examples, unless otherwise specified, can all be obtained from commercial channels.

[0020] The seeds of cotton variety Tahe No. 2 used in this example were purchased from Xinjiang Tarim River Seed Co., Ltd.

[0021] Example 1 Location: Modern Agricultural Science and Technology Demonstration Park of the 13th Division, Yizhou District, Hami City, Xinjiang Time: October 2023-June 2024 The effect of the method for germinating all seedlings by one sowing and increasing temperature according to the present invention was evaluated by taking the traditional method for germinating seedlings by dry sowing and wet germination and dripping water as a control.

[0022] The steps of the method of storing moisture and increasing temperature to make all seedlings emerge in one sowing are as follows: S1. Plough the land after harvesting the previous crop in the autumn of the previous year, and prepare the land in late March of the year of cotton planting. Details are as follows: In late October 2023, after the previous autumn crop was harvested, the land was irrigated and plowed. Before plowing, 5m of sheep manure was spread as base fertilizer. 3 / mu, the plowing depth shall not be less than 30cm.

[0023] Land preparation will be carried out in late March 2024. First of all, the remaining cotton stalks, mulch and other debris must be removed to reduce pollution and diseases in the cotton field and create a good environment for cotton growth. Secondly, land preparation in cotton fields is mainly to break the plow bottom layer, break up soil compaction, improve soil properties, and promote the growth of cotton roots. Therefore, the quality of land preparation requires that the upper part is hollow and the lower part is solid. When harrowing the land, it is required to be "even, flat, loose, broken, clean, and moist". Through the above plowing, harrowing and other operations, the soil becomes loose, which is conducive to the growth and extension of cotton roots.

[0024] S2. Select high-quality cotton varieties that are strong in stress resistance, insect and disease resistance, high germination and growth, concentrated boll formation, easy to manage, early maturity without premature aging, and suitable for local planting. The details are as follows: The variety selected in this embodiment is Tahe No. 2 (variety approval number: Xinshen Cotton 2018 No. 56; source: Xinjiang Tarim River Seed Co., Ltd.), which is suitable for planting in Xinjiang. The selected variety has strong stress resistance, good insect and disease resistance, high germination ability, strong growth potential, concentrated boll setting, easy management, early maturity without premature aging, and a seed germination rate of ≥80%.

[0025] Seeds can be mixed before sowing, and the seed dressing agent can be selected according to the local disease and insect pest situation. Coated seeds can also be mixed a second time, which can not only improve germination potential but also reduce disease and insect damage in the seedling stage.

[0026] The seeds of the present invention are coated seeds, and the coating agent is chloranil (registration certificate number: PD20101131).

[0027] S3. In late March to early April of the same year, the soil that has been prepared is treated by film laying and temperature increase, and drip irrigation tape is laid. The details are as follows: On April 5, 2024, the soil after land preparation is treated with film laying and drip irrigation tape laying. It is recommended to select a high-strength ground film with a thickness greater than 0.015mm, which is conducive to the recovery of residual film. This embodiment uses a 2.05m wide ground film with a thickness of ≥0.015mm. While laying the ground film, the drip irrigation tape should be laid. The ground film can effectively reduce the loss of heat from the soil and keep the soil temperature stable. This has a positive effect on the germination of cotton seeds and the early growth of seedlings, especially in periods of lower temperatures, and can provide more favorable temperature conditions for the growth of cotton.

[0028] S4. When the average temperature is stable above 5℃ within 3-5 days, a one-time dripping water storage treatment is carried out. The details are as follows: After the mulch film and drip irrigation tape are laid, when the average temperature is stable above 5°C within 3-5 days, a one-time drip water storage treatment will be carried out on April 8, 2024 to store enough water for the soil in advance to keep it moist. The drip water volume is 25-30m 3 / mu to ensure even distribution of moisture in the soil.

[0029] If autumn fertilizer is not applied or the soil is saline-alkali, monoammonium phosphate can be dripped at 2-4kg / 667m 2 and salt-alkali improvers to provide sufficient water, nutrient supply and a good soil environment for the cotton seeds to be sown, promoting seed germination and growth. In this embodiment, monoammonium phosphate (a product of Yunnan Yuntianhua Co., Ltd.) 2kg / mu, potassium humate (a product of Yunnan Yuntianhua Co., Ltd.) 3kg / mu, and microbial agent (Bacillus subtilis) (a product of Henan Lantian Chemical Co., Ltd.) 100g / mu were applied with water drops.

[0030] S5. After the moisture storage treatment, let it stand for 5-7 days. When the soil water holding capacity is 70%-80% and the temperature under the film is stable above 12℃, sow one seed per hole at a time. After sowing, cover the soil evenly with the same depth and press the film tightly. The details are as follows: After the moisture storage treatment, let it stand for 5-7 days. When the soil water holding capacity is 70%-80% and the temperature under the film is stable above 12°C, the mechanical drilling, sowing, and soil covering steps will be completed at one time on April 15, 2024. The sowing is done with a 1-hole 1-grain precision seeder for one-time sowing and soil covering. Note that when sowing, the seeds must be placed evenly and the hole rate must be low; the soil must be covered evenly and the depth must be consistent; the film must be pressed tightly, which is conducive to seed germination and wind resistance. At this time, the soil moisture is moderate and the ground temperature is suitable, which can avoid the disadvantages of multiple small-scale irrigation after sowing in the dry sowing and wet sowing method, thereby ensuring that the cotton seedlings are all sown at one time, and the seedlings emerge neatly and evenly, take root quickly, improve the ability to resist risks, and grow into strong seedlings.

[0031] S6. After uniform emergence, chemical regulation is performed with DCP and field management is performed. The details are as follows: After sowing, pay attention to the emergence and growth of cotton in time. The cotton seedlings that accumulate moisture and increase temperature are easy to grow vigorously. The chemical regulation (chemical control) of cotton seedlings is based on the principle of early regulation and light regulation. Generally, chemical control is carried out twice in the seedling stage. The first chemical control is carried out in the cotton emergence stage, and the dosage of 1.5-2 g / mu of chlortetracycline is used; the second chemical control is carried out in the cotton three-leaf stage, and the dosage of 0.5-1 g / mu of chlortetracycline. The specific chemical regulation should be regulated according to the sensitivity of the variety to chlortetracycline, and classified according to the location and seedlings. The chemical control of this embodiment is specifically: on April 20, 2024, cotton seedlings emerge, and on April 22, chemical regulation is carried out during the cotyledon flattening period (the period when the cotyledons of the plant are fully grown and flattened), and the dosage of 2 g / mu of chlortetracycline is used.

[0032] Carry out routine field management subsequently to promptly detect and deal with possible pest and disease problems; at the same time, pay attention to reasonable fertilization and watering in the later stage to provide sufficient nutrition and water for the growth of cotton, promote its healthy growth, and lay a solid foundation for subsequent flowering and boll setting.

[0033] The seeding method of "dry sowing and wet emergence" was compared with the traditional dry sowing and wet emergence method in the "dry sowing and wet emergence" demonstration field. The land preparation time was April 10. The land preparation method and the use of base fertilizer were the same as the moisture storage and warming one-sowing full seedling emergence method. After land preparation, the seeding machine integrating drip irrigation belt, mulch film laying and cotton sowing was directly used for sowing. The sowing time was April 11, 2024, and the first drip time was April 12, with a drip volume of 7-8m 3 / mu; the second dripping was on April 16, with a dripping volume of 7-8 m 3 / mu; the third dripping time is April 20, the dripping amount is 7-8m 3 / mu. The chemical control method and other field management after emergence remain the same as the method of storing moisture and increasing temperature to achieve full emergence of seedlings in one sowing.

[0034] A total of 41.24 acres were treated with the method of storing moisture and increasing temperature to allow all seedlings to emerge in one sowing. This was compared with the traditional dry sowing and wet seedling emergence method, which was divided into 6 plots, marked as control 1 (area 19.86 acres), control 2 (area 20.45 acres), control 3 (area 20.84 acres), control 4 (area 21.28 acres), control 5 (area 18.76 acres) and control 6 (area 23.69 acres).

[0035] The air temperature and the ground temperature 5 cm inside the film (the temperature of the soil at a depth of 5 cm inside the film) were investigated at 15:30 every day. The results are shown in Table 1. The average ground temperature 5 cm inside the film was significantly improved by the soil moisture storage and warming method for one-sowing and all-seedling germination compared with the traditional dry sowing and wet dripping method, and the soil moisture storage and warming effect was good.

[0036] Table 1 Survey results of air temperature and ground temperature within 5cm of membrane

[0037]

[0038] On May 6, the germination of the seedlings of the present example of the method of accumulating moisture and increasing temperature in one sowing and germination of all seedlings and the control method of the germination of the seedlings by traditional dry sowing and wet germination with dripping water were investigated at the 3-4 leaf stage (see Table 2), and the significance analysis of the seedling condition was conducted (see Table 3): Table 2 Comparison of germination conditions

[0039] Note: accurate to 1 decimal place.

[0040] Table 3 Significance analysis of seedling condition

[0041] In this example, the emergence rate of the method of accumulating moisture and increasing temperature in one sowing and germinating all seedlings was ≥92.6%, the seedlings emerged neatly and evenly, and the proportion of small seedlings was 0%. In this example, the emergence rate of control 1 was 84.3%, and the proportion of small seedlings was 10%; the emergence rate of control 2 was 84.9%, and the proportion of small seedlings was 26.2%; the emergence rate of control 3 was 63.2%, and the proportion of small seedlings was 11.4%; the emergence rate of control 4 was 77.1%, and the proportion of small seedlings was 5.5%; the emergence rate of control 5 was 88.5%, and the proportion of small seedlings was 29.5%; the emergence rate of control 6 was 87.3%, and the proportion of small seedlings was 17.2%. The variance analysis of the emergence rate and the proportion of small seedlings in Example 1 was compared with the emergence rate and the proportion of small seedlings in the 6 controls. The emergence rate showed extremely significant differences, and the proportion of small seedlings showed significant differences.

[0042] Compared with the conventional dry sowing and wet germination method, the method for germinating all seedlings by storing moisture and increasing temperature in one sowing has the following advantages: 1. The emergence rate of cotton was improved by more than 10%.

[0043] 2. Improved the uniformity of cotton, which is manifested as uniformity, and weak seedlings are reduced by more than 15% compared with the control. The number of main stem leaves of weak seedlings in the seedling stage is about 1 leaf different from that of normal cotton, and the plant height is 3-5cm different. The number of main stem leaves in the bud stage is about 1.5 leaves different, and the plant height is 5-8cm different. With the rapid growth and development of the group in the later period, the normal cotton seedlings block the light of the weak seedlings. In the flowering period, the number of main stem leaves is 2-3 leaves different, and the plant height is 10-15cm different. The higher the proportion of weak seedlings, the greater the impact on cotton yield. Weak seedlings are not conducive to the unified management of chemical regulation and water and fertilizer regulation of cotton fields.

[0044] 3. The moisture storage effect is good, which reduces the field management workload of dripping water in small amounts and multiple times in the "dry sowing and wet emergence" cotton field. The moisture storage and warming one-sowing full seedling emergence method of the present invention drips water once for emergence, while the main promoted technology drips water three times for emergence, reduces the labor by 2 times, and saves about 20 yuan per mu.

[0045] 4. The warming effect is good. The average temperature from dripping to seedling emergence is 20.3℃, which is 1.7℃ higher than the control. From irrigation to seedling emergence, the cumulative temperature increases by 22.1 degrees.

[0046] 5. The emergence time is short. The sowing-emergence time of the method for accumulating moisture and increasing temperature in one sowing and emerging all seedlings is 5-7 days, and the control time is 8-12 days.

[0047] 6. It is beneficial to the cotton seedling and promotes the development of cotton root system. After water is irrigated and stored on April 8, water is dripped until the cotton bud stage in late May. The cotton root system is well developed, the main root is long and thick, and the lateral roots are widely and evenly distributed. In contrast, water is dripped five times from April 12 to the bud stage, and the main root is thin and short, and the lateral roots are shallowly distributed.

[0048] 7. Cotton sowing technology applicable to the inland cotton-growing areas of Northwest China.

[0049] In summary, the method for germination of all seedlings by storing moisture and increasing temperature during one sowing of the present invention can effectively improve the emergence rate of cotton seedlings, improve the uniformity of cotton seedling emergence and the overall seedling condition, thereby improving the yield and quality of cotton.

[0050] The present invention has been described in detail above. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the present invention may be implemented in a wide range under equivalent parameters, concentrations and conditions without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention and without the need for unnecessary experimentation. Although the present invention provides specific embodiments, it should be understood that further improvements may be made to the present invention. In short, according to the principles of the present invention, this application intends to include any changes, uses or improvements to the present invention, including changes made by conventional techniques known in the art that depart from the scope disclosed in this application. Applications of some of the basic features may be made within the scope of the following appended claims.

Claims

1. A method for germination of all seedlings by accumulating moisture and increasing temperature in one sowing, characterized in that: The method comprises the steps of performing a one-time dripping water storage treatment when the average temperature reaches above 5°C for 3-5 consecutive days after laying the ground film before sowing, keeping the soil moist for 5-7 days, and performing a one-time sowing and covering the soil when the temperature under the film is stable at above 12°C.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The thickness of the ground film is ≥0.015mm.

3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that: When laying the ground film, a drip irrigation tape is laid at the same time.

4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The dripping amount of the dripping water storage treatment is 25-30m 3 / mu.

5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The soil moisture refers to 70%-80% of the soil water holding capacity.

6. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sowing is carried out according to the principle of one seed per hole, and the seeds are covered with soil and film after sowing.

7. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The method also includes the steps of irrigating and plowing the land after the previous crop is harvested in the autumn of the previous year, and preparing the land in late March of the cotton planting year.

8. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The method further comprises the step of chemically regulating with mepiquat after uniform emergence of seedlings.

9. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: The specific steps of the method are as follows: S1. Irrigate and plow the land after the previous crop is harvested in the autumn of the previous year, and prepare the land in late March of the cotton planting year; S2. Select high-quality cotton varieties that are strong in stress resistance, insect and disease resistance, high germination ability, strong growth potential, concentrated boll formation, easy to manage, early maturity without premature aging, and suitable for local planting; S3. In late March to early April of the same year, the soil that has been prepared is treated by laying film to increase temperature, and drip irrigation belts are laid; S4. When the average temperature is stable above 5℃ within 3-5 days, a one-time drip water storage treatment is carried out; S5. After the moisture storage treatment, let it stand for 5-7 days. When the soil water holding capacity is 70%-80% and the temperature under the film is stable above 12℃, sow one seed per hole at a time. After sowing, cover the soil evenly with the same depth and press the film tightly. S6. After the seedlings emerge neatly, use cypermethrin for chemical regulation and carry out field management.

10. Application of the method according to any one of claims 1 to 9 in cotton planting in the northwest inland cotton region.

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