Octadecyl ether alkyl aryl sulfonate surfactant and preparation method thereof
By designing the molecular structure of octadecanoether alkylarylsulfonate surfactant and combining octadecanool and alkoxy groups, the harm problems of traditional surfactants to the environment and ecology are solved, and high surfactant and low cost are achieved and environmentally friendly effects.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202411520019.9
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-10-29
- Publication Date
- 2025-02-14
AI Technical Summary
Traditional alkylaryl sulfonate surfactants are toxic to aquatic organisms and fish after biological decomposition in water bodies, and cause damage to the environment and ecology, making it difficult to meet the requirements of safety, environmental protection and low cost.
The octadecanoether alkylarylsulfonate surfactant is used, and its molecular structure is both non-ionic and anionic. By using octadecano to extend the length of the hydrophobic chain and introduce alkoxy groups, the molecules are changed on the surface adsorption layer. the conformation of the reduction of interfacial tension and critical micelle concentration.
The surfactant has high surfactivity, low usage, low harm to the environment and ecology, simple preparation process, easy raw materials, and low preparation cost.
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Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The invention relates to an octadecene alkyl aryl sulfonate surfactant and a preparation method thereof, belonging to the technical field of surfactant preparation. Background Art
[0002] Surfactants are known as "industrial MSG". They refer to substances that can significantly reduce the surface tension of solvents at very low concentrations. They are currently widely used in the fields of textiles, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, food, shipbuilding, civil engineering, etc. Surfactants can be divided into four categories: anionic, cationic, zwitterionic and non-ionic. Among them, anionic surfactants are the type of surfactants with the longest development history, the largest output and the most varieties, while sulfonates are the type of anionic surfactants with the largest output and the widest application field.
[0003] Commonly used alkyl aryl sulfonates (ABS) will be biodegraded in water bodies, but when the concentration exceeds 4 mg / L, it will be toxic to aquatic organisms and fish, and will also cause eutrophication of water bodies. At the same time, sodium alkylbenzene sulfonate (ABS) has a teratogenic effect on animals. When the concentration in water is 10 mg / L, fish can hardly survive; at 45 mg / L, rice growth is seriously harmed. With the continuous improvement of people's living standards and environmental awareness, traditional commercial alkyl aryl sulfonate surfactants can no longer meet people's requirements for surfactant safety, environmental protection and low cost, so they are gradually being eliminated. Summary of the invention
[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a octadecene alkyl aryl sulfonate surfactant having a molecular structure with the characteristics of both nonionic and anionic surfactants and a preparation method thereof. The surfactant has high surface activity, a small amount of sodium alkyl aryl sulfonate is used, and the ecological harm is small. The preparation process is simple, the raw materials are easily available, and the preparation cost is low.
[0005] The technical solution of the present invention is as follows: The surface octadecyl ether alkyl aryl sulfonate surfactant comprises, by weight, 2 to 8 parts of sodium alkyl aryl sulfonate (A), 0 to 4 parts of sodium dodecyl sulfate (B), 0.1 to 0.5 parts of ethylene glycol (C), 0.1 to 0.5 parts of isopropanol (D), and 2 to 8 parts of octadecyl alcohol (E).
[0006] A method for preparing an octadecene alkyl aryl sulfonate surfactant, the specific preparation steps being: (1) Alkylation: The prepared sodium alkyl aryl sulfonate (A) is placed in a reactor, and octadecyl alcohol (E) and a small amount of dilute hydrochloric acid are added under continuous stirring to accelerate the alkylation reaction. The alkylation reaction obtains a viscous reaction product; (2) Sulfonation: Take the viscous reaction product, control the sulfonation temperature, stir and add concentrated sulfuric acid to react at a constant temperature, and then stand at room temperature until the reaction solution separates into layers, with the lower layer being the sulfonation solution; (3) Neutralization: dilute the lower layer of sulfonated liquid with water, slowly add NaOH solution for neutralization, and detect the pH value of the solution in real time. When the solution becomes alkaline, stop neutralization and separate and remove sodium sulfate by low temperature crystallization; (4) Drying: vacuum drying the neutralized liquid separated from the sodium sulfate to obtain octadecene alkyl aryl sulfonate; (5) Mixing: Stir and mix the octadecyl alkyl aryl sulfonate, sodium dodecyl sulfate (B), ethylene glycol (C) and isopropyl alcohol (D) to obtain an octadecyl alkyl aryl sulfonate surfactant.
[0007] The small amount of dilute hydrochloric acid in step (1) is dilute hydrochloric acid with a concentration of less than or equal to 3at%, and the amount added does not exceed 3.5 mL; In step (1), the alkylation temperature is 15 to 25° C. and the stirring time is 4 to 5 h; In step (2), the sulfonation temperature is 170-200° C. and the reaction time is 2-4 h; The concentration of NaOH solution in step (3) is 20 mol·L -1 , the neutralization temperature is 70~90℃; The drying temperature in step (4) is 70-90°C.
[0008] The present invention uses octadecyl alcohol to extend the length of the hydrophobic chain and thus reduce the interfacial tension. At the same time, the introduction of alkoxy groups changes the conformation of the surfactant molecules in the surface adsorption layer, making the molecular conformation more likely to take a curled form, and reducing the critical micelle concentration of the formed surfactant. Beneficial Effects
[0009] (1) Reducing interfacial tension: The surfactant prepared by the present invention reduces interfacial tension by extending the length of the hydrophobic chain by using octadecyl alcohol.
[0010] (2) The critical micelle concentration of the surfactant is reduced. The surfactant prepared by the present invention has a smaller critical micelle concentration, so the concentration required to change the surface properties (such as wetting, emulsification, solubilization, foaming, etc.) is also lower.
[0011] (3) Reduced damage to the environment and ecology. The surfactant prepared by the present invention contains less sodium alkylbenzene sulfonate, which reduces the impact on the environment and ecology.
[0012] (4) The surfactant preparation process is simple, the raw materials are widely available, it is easy to industrially produce, and it is more practical. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0013] The present invention is further described below in conjunction with the embodiments, but is not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Example 1
[0014] A octadecyl alkyl aryl sulfonate surfactant, the raw material composition and weight parts are: 6 parts of sodium alkyl aryl sulfonate (A), 1.7 parts of sodium dodecyl sulfate (B), 0.2 parts of ethylene glycol (C), 0.1 parts of isopropanol (D), and 4.7 parts of octadecyl alcohol (E).
[0015] The specific preparation method and conditions of the octadecene alkyl aryl sulfonate surfactant are as follows: (1) Alkylation: 6 parts of prepared sodium alkyl aryl sulfonate (A) were placed in a reactor, and 4.7 parts of octadecyl alcohol (E) and 3 mL of 3 at% dilute hydrochloric acid were added under constant stirring. The alkylation temperature was set at 20°C and stirred for 4.5 h to obtain a viscous reaction product. (2) Sulfonation: Take the viscous reaction product, add 1 ml of concentrated sulfuric acid at a sulfonation temperature of 180°C with stirring, react at constant temperature and stirring for 3 hours, and then stand at room temperature to allow the reaction solution to separate into layers, and the lower layer is the sulfonated solution; (3) Neutralization: dilute the lower sulfonated liquid with water and slowly add mol·L -1 The solution was neutralized with NaOH solution, the neutralization temperature was controlled at 90°C, and the pH value of the solution was detected in real time. When the solution was alkaline, the neutralization was stopped and the sodium sulfate was separated and removed by low temperature crystallization method. (4) Drying: The neutralized liquid separated from the sodium sulfate is vacuum dried at a drying temperature of 90° C. to obtain octadecene alkyl aryl sulfonate.
[0016] (5) Mixing: Stir the mixture of stearyl ether alkyl aryl sulfonate, 1.7 parts of sodium dodecyl sulfate (B), 0.2 parts of ethylene glycol (C), and 0.1 parts of isopropanol (D) for about 300 seconds until the mixture is uniformly mixed, thereby obtaining a stearyl ether alkyl aryl sulfonate surfactant that can be used.
[0017] Example 2
[0018] A octadecyl alkyl aryl sulfonate surfactant, the raw material composition and weight parts are: 4 parts of sodium alkyl aryl sulfonate (A), 3.7 parts of sodium dodecyl sulfate (B), 0.2 parts of ethylene glycol (C), 0.1 parts of isopropanol (D), and 3.1 parts of octadecyl alcohol (E).
[0019] A octadecene alkyl aryl sulfonate surfactant, the specific preparation method and conditions are: (1) Alkylation: 4 parts of prepared sodium alkyl aryl sulfonate (A) were placed in a reactor, and 3.1 parts of octadecyl alcohol (E) and 1.5 mL of 3 at% dilute hydrochloric acid were added under constant stirring. The alkylation temperature was set at 20°C and stirred for 3.5 h to obtain a viscous reaction product. (2) Sulfonation: Take the viscous reaction product, add 0.6 ml of concentrated sulfuric acid at a sulfonation temperature of 180°C with stirring, react at constant temperature and stirring for 2 hours, and then stand at room temperature to allow the reaction solution to separate into layers, and the lower layer is the sulfonated solution; (3) Neutralization: dilute the lower sulfonated liquid with water and slowly add mol·L -1 The solution is neutralized with NaOH solution at a temperature of 90°C. The pH value of the solution is detected in real time. When the solution is alkaline, the neutralization is stopped and the sodium sulfate is separated and removed by low-temperature crystallization. (4) Drying: The neutralized liquid separated from the sodium sulfate is vacuum dried at a drying temperature of 90° C. to obtain octadecene alkyl aryl sulfonate.
[0020] (5) Mixing: Stir octadecyl alkyl aryl sulfonate, 3.7 parts of sodium lauryl sulfate (B), 0.2 parts of ethylene glycol (C), and 0.1 parts of isopropanol (D) for about 300 seconds to obtain a usable octadecyl alkyl aryl sulfonate surfactant.
[0021] Note: The purpose of adding a small amount of organic acid in step (1) is to increase the reaction rate.
[0022] .
Claims
1. An octadecene alkyl aryl sulfonate surfactant, characterized in that: Calculated by weight, it includes 2 to 8 parts of sodium alkyl aryl sulfonate (A), 0 to 4 parts of sodium dodecyl sulfate (B), 0.1 to 0.5 parts of ethylene glycol (C), 0.1 to 0.5 parts of isopropanol (D), and 2 to 8 parts of octadecyl alcohol (E).
2. A method for preparing the octadecyl ether alkyl aryl sulfonate surfactant according to claim 1, characterized in that: The specific preparation steps are: (1) Alkylation: Place the prepared sodium alkyl aryl sulfonate (A) in a reactor, add octadecyl alcohol (E) and a small amount of dilute hydrochloric acid under constant stirring, and perform an alkylation reaction to obtain a viscous reaction product; (2) Sulfonation: Take the viscous reaction product, control the sulfonation temperature, stir and add concentrated sulfuric acid to react at a constant temperature, and then let it stand at room temperature until the reaction solution separates; (3) Neutralization: dilute the product with water, slowly add NaOH solution for neutralization, and detect the pH value of the solution in real time. When the solution becomes alkaline, stop neutralization and separate and remove sodium sulfate by low-temperature crystallization; (4) Drying: vacuum drying the neutralized liquid separated from the sodium sulfate to obtain octadecene alkyl aryl sulfonate; (5) Mixing: Stir and mix the octadecyl alkyl aryl sulfonate, sodium dodecyl sulfate (B), ethylene glycol (C) and isopropyl alcohol (D) to obtain an octadecyl alkyl aryl sulfonate surfactant.
3. The method for preparing the octadecene alkyl aryl sulfonate surfactant according to claim 2, characterized in that: The small amount of dilute hydrochloric acid in step (1) is dilute hydrochloric acid with a concentration of less than or equal to 3at%, and the amount added does not exceed 3.5 mL.
4. The method for preparing the octadecyl ether alkyl aryl sulfonate surfactant according to claim 2, characterized in that: In step (1), the alkylation temperature is 15-25° C. and the stirring time is 4-5 h.
5. The method for preparing the octadecyl ether alkyl aryl sulfonate surfactant according to claim 2, characterized in that: In step (2), the sulfonation temperature is 170-200° C. and the reaction time is 2-4 hours.
6. The method for preparing the octadecyl ether alkyl aryl sulfonate surfactant according to claim 2, characterized in that: The concentration of NaOH solution in step (3) is 20 mol·L -1 , the neutralization temperature is 70-90℃.
7. The method for preparing the octadecyl ether alkyl aryl sulfonate surfactant according to claim 2, characterized in that: The drying temperature in step (4) is 70-90°C.