Surrounding rock excavation response multi-sensor monitoring method

Abstract

The invention discloses a surrounding rock excavation response multi-sensor monitoring method, and relates to the field of high-level radioactive waste dispose.The method comprises the steps that firstly, the positions of a TBM test roadway, a monitoring roadway and a drilling and blasting test roadway are determined based on an underground laboratory main body structure; a hole is drilled in the direction from a monitoring roadway to a TBM test roadway / drilling and blasting test roadway, and a TBM section / drilling and blasting section micro-seismic and / or acoustic emission monitoring system, a surrounding rock internal displacement monitoring system and a stress monitoring system are arranged in the hole. A TBM section / drilling and blasting section micro-seismic and / or acoustic emission monitoring system, a surrounding rock internal displacement monitoring system and a stress monitoring system are adopted to monitor the surrounding rock response of a TBM test roadway / drilling and blasting test roadway, and accurate and real-time monitoring of the surrounding rock excavation process of the TBM method and the drilling and blasting method is achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of high-level radioactive waste disposal, and in particular to a multi-sensor monitoring method for surrounding rock excavation response. Background Art

[0002] High-level radioactive waste (abbreviated as HLW) is characterized by strong radioactivity, high toxicity and long half-life, making it extremely difficult to dispose of it safely and facing a series of scientific, technological and engineering challenges. Whether high-level radioactive waste can be safely disposed of is a strategic issue related to the sustainable development of the nuclear industry and environmental protection. The geological disposal repository for high-level radioactive waste has the characteristics of complex construction conditions, high safety level and long service life (tens of thousands of years), which makes research and development very difficult. To this end, based on previous research experience, it is necessary to first build an underground laboratory for high-level radioactive waste disposal at the depth of the repository, conduct site characteristic evaluation, and conduct on-site testing and verification of disposal technology, so as to provide the necessary scientific research foundation and practical experience for the construction of the repository.

[0003] TBM (Tunnel Boring Machine) method and drilling and blasting method are two commonly used methods in underground engineering construction. TBM method is widely used in deep and long tunnel construction due to its high speed, high efficiency and safety. However, due to the constraints of factors such as construction progress, construction personnel level, technical equipment level, etc., it is difficult to accurately obtain surrounding rock conditions, resulting in low TBM excavation speed and increased construction costs. Although the drilling and blasting method has good geological adaptability, in some special geological conditions, such as karst caves and water gushing, it is necessary to deal with them in advance or supplement them with drilling and blasting excavation. After passing through the bad tunnel section, the TBM method is used for excavation. This shows that no matter which method is used, it is necessary to accurately monitor and evaluate the excavation response of the surrounding rock. Summary of the invention

[0004] The purpose of this application is to provide a multi-sensor monitoring method for surrounding rock excavation response, so as to achieve accurate and real-time monitoring of the surrounding rock excavation process using the TBM method and the drilling and blasting method.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, this application provides the following solutions.

[0006] The present application provides a method for monitoring surrounding rock excavation response using a multi-sensor, comprising:

[0007] Determine the locations of TBM test tunnels, monitoring tunnels, and drilling and blasting test tunnels based on the main structure of the underground laboratory;

[0008] Drill holes from the monitoring tunnel toward the TBM test tunnel, and install TBM segment microseismic and / or acoustic emission monitoring systems, surrounding rock internal displacement monitoring systems, and stress monitoring systems in the boreholes;

[0009] Drill a hole from the monitoring tunnel toward the drilling and blasting test tunnel, and install a microseismic and / or acoustic emission monitoring system for the drilling and blasting section, a surrounding rock internal displacement monitoring system, and a stress monitoring system in the hole;

[0010] During the TBM excavation process, the TBM segment microseismic and / or acoustic emission monitoring system, the surrounding rock internal displacement monitoring system, and the stress monitoring system are used to monitor the surrounding rock response of the TBM test tunnel;

[0011] During the drilling and blasting excavation process, the microseismic and / or acoustic emission monitoring system of the drilling and blasting section, the surrounding rock internal displacement monitoring system and the stress monitoring system are used to monitor the surrounding rock response of the drilling and blasting test tunnel.

[0012] Optionally, drilling a hole from the monitoring tunnel toward the TBM test tunnel, and arranging a TBM segment microseismic and / or acoustic emission monitoring system, a surrounding rock internal displacement monitoring system, and a stress monitoring system in the borehole specifically includes:

[0013] Drill holes from the monitoring tunnel toward the TBM test tunnel, and install microseismic sensors and / or acoustic emission sensors in the holes to form a TBM section microseismic and / or acoustic emission monitoring system;

[0014] One or more of a multi-point displacement meter, a fiber Bragg grating (FRP) intelligent reinforcement and a sliding micrometer are buried in the borehole to form an internal displacement monitoring system of the surrounding rock of the TBM section;

[0015] One or more strain gauge type multi-point stress gauges and optical fiber type multi-point stress gauges are installed in the borehole to form a TBM section stress monitoring system.

[0016] Optionally, drilling a hole from the monitoring tunnel toward the TBM test tunnel specifically includes:

[0017] Drill holes from the monitoring tunnel in a direction perpendicular to the excavation direction of the TBM test tunnel. The drilling directions include up-inclined, nearly horizontal, and down-inclined.

[0018] Optionally, before drilling from the monitoring tunnel toward the TBM test tunnel, the method further includes:

[0019] The inclination of the up-dip / down-dip borehole is calculated based on the distance between the monitoring tunnel and the TBM test tunnel and the distance between the end of the borehole and above / below the TBM test tunnel.

[0020] Optionally, drilling a hole from the monitoring tunnel toward the TBM test tunnel further includes:

[0021] In all the boreholes drilled from the monitoring tunnel to the TBM test tunnel, the last sensor in each borehole is greater than 0.1m away from the bottom of the borehole.

[0022] Optionally, drilling a hole from the monitoring tunnel toward the TBM test tunnel further includes:

[0023] For all the boreholes that do not penetrate the TBM test tunnel, the hole wall of the up-inclined / down-inclined borehole or the hole bottom of the nearly horizontal borehole is more than 0.1m away from the wall of the TBM test tunnel.

[0024] Optionally, drilling a hole from the monitoring tunnel toward the drilling and blasting test tunnel, and arranging a drilling and blasting section microseismic and / or acoustic emission monitoring system, a surrounding rock internal displacement monitoring system, and a stress monitoring system in the hole specifically include:

[0025] Drill holes from the monitoring tunnel toward the drilling and blasting test tunnel, and install microseismic sensors and / or acoustic emission sensors in the holes to form a microseismic and / or acoustic emission monitoring system for the drilling and blasting section;

[0026] One or more of a multi-point displacement meter, a fiber Bragg grating (FRP) intelligent reinforcement and a sliding micrometer are buried in the borehole to form an internal displacement monitoring system for the surrounding rock in the drilling and blasting section;

[0027] Multi-point stress gauges are installed in the borehole to form a stress monitoring system for the drilling and blasting section.

[0028] Optionally, drilling a hole from the monitoring tunnel toward the drilling and blasting test tunnel specifically includes:

[0029] Drill holes from the monitoring tunnel in a direction perpendicular to the excavation direction of the drilling and blasting test tunnel. The drilling holes include three directions: up-dipping, nearly horizontal, and down-dipping, and include n1 open holes;

[0030] Drill holes are drilled in a direction parallel to the excavation direction of the drilling and blasting test tunnel. The drill holes are all in a nearly horizontal direction and include n2 open holes; where n1 and n2 are both greater than or equal to 2.

[0031] Optionally, drilling a hole from the monitoring tunnel in a direction perpendicular to the excavation direction of the drilling and blasting test tunnel specifically includes:

[0032] The distance D between the last drill hole along the excavation direction of the drilling and blasting test tunnel and the termination excavation surface of the drilling and blasting test tunnel reserve =L tunnel -(L blast +kL gap );where L tunnel is the total length of the drilling and blasting test tunnel; L blast Reserve distance for the starting segment; L gap is the distance between the drilling and blasting test tunnel and the monitoring tunnel; k is the distance adjustment coefficient.

[0033] Optionally, the multi-sensor monitoring method for surrounding rock excavation response further includes:

[0034] The microseismic and / or acoustic emission monitoring systems, the surrounding rock internal displacement monitoring system, and the stress monitoring system of the TBM section and the drilling and blasting section are deployed in the intact rock mass area and the rock mass fracture area, respectively. The monitoring results are compared to analyze the differences between different rock masses.

[0035] According to the specific embodiments provided in this application, this application discloses the following technical effects:

[0036] The present application provides a method for multi-sensor monitoring of surrounding rock excavation response, by drilling a hole from a monitoring tunnel toward a TBM test tunnel / drilling and blasting test tunnel, and arranging a TBM section / drilling and blasting section microseismic and / or acoustic emission monitoring system, a surrounding rock internal displacement monitoring system, and a stress monitoring system in the borehole. During TBM / drilling and blasting excavation, the TBM section / drilling and blasting section microseismic and / or acoustic emission monitoring system, the surrounding rock internal displacement monitoring system, and the stress monitoring system can be used to monitor the surrounding rock response of the TBM test tunnel / drilling and blasting test tunnel in real time, thereby achieving accurate and real-time monitoring of the entire cycle of the TBM and drilling and blasting surrounding rock excavation process. By providing real-time surrounding rock response data, construction personnel can be helped to adjust construction parameters in a timely manner to ensure construction safety, while optimizing construction plans and reducing unnecessary costs and time consumption. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0037] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present application or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present application. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0038] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a flow chart of a method for monitoring surrounding rock excavation response using multiple sensors in this application;

[0039] Figure 2 It is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the drilling and sensor layout positions in the TBM section and the drilling and blasting section;

[0040] Figure 3 A top-down view of the drilling and sensor placement locations in the TBM section and the drilling and blasting section;

[0041] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the overall layout of drilling holes and sensors in the drilling and blasting section along the cross section of the excavation direction;

[0042] Figure 5 Schematic diagram of the drilling and sensor layout plan in the cross section of the drilling and blasting test tunnel. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0043] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present application to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present application, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0044] TBM method and drilling and blasting method are two commonly used methods in underground engineering construction. They have their own characteristics and are suitable for different geological conditions and engineering requirements. In the excavation process of underground laboratories and disposal repositories, TBM method and drilling and blasting method are often used in combination. However, the field lacks real-time monitoring means for the excavation process of the two methods, making it difficult to provide engineers and decision makers with more specific and practical information. In this regard, the present application provides a multi-sensor monitoring method for surrounding rock excavation response to achieve accurate and real-time monitoring of the surrounding rock excavation process of TBM method and drilling and blasting method. By providing real-time surrounding rock excavation response information, it helps construction personnel make more accurate decisions and optimize construction parameters, thereby improving construction safety, reducing construction costs, and improving construction efficiency.

[0045] In order to make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present application more obvious and easy to understand, the present application is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific implementation methods.

[0046] See also Figure 1 The present application provides a method for monitoring surrounding rock excavation response using multiple sensors, including steps 1 to 5.

[0047] Step 1: Determine the locations of the TBM test tunnel, monitoring tunnel, and drilling and blasting test tunnel based on the main structure of the underground laboratory.

[0048] This application method is mainly used in the excavation process of underground laboratories. The main structure of underground laboratories adopts the scheme of ramp + shaft + horizontal tunnel. Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown in the figure, during the excavation process, the drilling and blasting test tunnel and the TBM test tunnel are arranged symmetrically with respect to the monitoring tunnel. The cross section of the drilling and blasting test tunnel is designed as a rectangular + three-center arch structure, as shown in the figure. Figure 5 As shown, the overall section width is 6m, height is 6.5m, the straight wall height is 4.5m, and the three-center arch part is 2m high.

[0049] Step 2: Drill a hole from the monitoring tunnel toward the TBM test tunnel, and deploy the TBM segment microseismic and / or acoustic emission monitoring system, the surrounding rock internal displacement monitoring system, and the stress monitoring system in the borehole.

[0050] like Figure 2 and Figure 3As shown in the figure, a hole is drilled from the monitoring tunnel in a direction perpendicular to the excavation direction of the TBM test tunnel (the direction of the arrow in the figure). The drilling includes three directions: up-tilt, nearly horizontal, and down-tilt, which are represented by straight lines in the figure. Different types of sensors installed in the borehole are represented by dots of different colors. In all the boreholes drilled from the monitoring tunnel to the TBM test tunnel, in order to prevent the existence of empty areas at the bottom of the hole during grouting, the last sensor in each borehole is greater than 0.1m away from the bottom of the borehole, and the preferred distance is 0.15m.

[0051] The inclination angle α of the up-dip / down-dip borehole is based on the horizontal distance L between the monitoring tunnel and the TBM test tunnel. Horizontal and the vertical distance L between the end of the borehole and the top / bottom vertex of the TBM test tunnel Vertical The end of the borehole here refers to the intersection of the extended borehole line and the longitudinal centerline of the cross section of the TBM test tunnel. The symbol " / " means "or". The calculation formula for α is as follows:

[0052]

[0053] where r TBM is the radius of the cross section of the TBM test tunnel.

[0054] like Figure 2 As shown in the figure, among all the holes drilled from the monitoring tunnel to the TBM test tunnel, some holes penetrate the TBM test tunnel, while some holes do not. For all the holes that do not penetrate the TBM test tunnel, the hole wall of the up-inclined / down-inclined hole or the bottom of the nearly horizontal hole is required to be more than 0.1m away from the wall of the TBM test tunnel, preferably 0.15-0.3m, to ensure that the sensor is installed as close as possible to the maximum stress point obtained by numerical simulation, and to avoid damage by excavation.

[0055] Microseismic sensors and / or acoustic emission sensors are installed in the boreholes of the TBM section to form a microseismic and / or acoustic emission monitoring system for the TBM section. One or more of multi-point displacement meters, fiber Bragg grating FRP smart tendons and sliding micrometers are buried in the boreholes to form an internal displacement monitoring system for the surrounding rock of the TBM section. One or more of strain gauge multi-point stress gauges and fiber optic multi-point stress gauges are installed in the boreholes to form a TBM section stress monitoring system. In the embodiment shown in the figure, the TBM section has a total of 25 boreholes, all of which are perpendicular to the excavation direction and have no open holes. Among them, there are 16 acoustic emission sensors distributed in 8 different boreholes; 22 microseismic sensors distributed in 8 different boreholes; 54 multi-point displacement meters distributed in 9 different boreholes; 18 measuring points of fiber grating FRP smart tendons are all distributed in the same borehole; 21 sensing anchor heads of sliding micrometers are all distributed in the same borehole; 2 hollow inclusion strain gauges are distributed in 1 borehole; 8 strain gauge multi-point stress gauges are distributed in 3 different boreholes; and 9 fiber optic multi-point stress gauges are distributed in 3 different boreholes.

[0056] The specific drilling distribution is directly related to the cross-section distribution of the excavation area. By arranging drilling holes around the cross-section, the surrounding rock damage around the cross-section during the excavation process is monitored. In the embodiment of the present application, there are 17 cross-sections around the TBM test tunnel, which are numbered 1-1 to 17-17 along the excavation direction of the TBM section. The locations of some drilling holes and sensor layouts in the TBM section are shown in Table 1 below.

[0057] Table 1 Some drilling holes and sensor layout locations in the TBM section

[0058]

[0059]

[0060]

[0061]

[0062] In Table 1, ZKD is the coupled drilling of hollow body strain gauge (numbered by letter C), strain gauge multi-point stress gauge (numbered by letter S) or optical fiber multi-point stress gauge (numbered by letter G); ZKC is the coupled drilling of microseismic sensor (numbered by letter M) / acoustic emission sensor (numbered by letter A); ZKB is the drilling of multi-point displacement meter (numbered by letter D); ZKF is the drilling of sliding micrometer (numbered by letter H); ZKE is the drilling of optical fiber multi-point stress gauge; ZKA is the drilling of fiber Bragg grating FRP smart reinforcement (numbered by letter F).

[0063] Step 3: Drill a hole from the monitoring tunnel toward the drilling and blasting test tunnel, and install a microseismic and / or acoustic emission monitoring system for the drilling and blasting section, a surrounding rock internal displacement monitoring system, and a stress monitoring system in the borehole.

[0064] like Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown in the figure, the drilling method of the drilling and blasting section is different from that of the TBM section. It includes not only drilling holes perpendicular to the excavation direction, but also drilling holes parallel to the excavation direction, and the holes in any direction include open holes. This is because the chamber next to the TBM test tunnel is not connected, and the conditions for drilling parallel holes are not met. In addition, the excavation process of the drilling and blasting test tunnel requires drilling television, single-hole wave velocity test, cross-hole wave velocity test, inter-well CT, cross-hole permeability test, etc. through open holes to study the damage to the surrounding rock caused by each blasting cycle. The TBM test tunnel is mechanically excavated, and the surrounding rock damage caused by excavation is relatively small, so there is no need to drill open holes.

[0065] Specifically, on the one hand, a hole is drilled from the monitoring tunnel in a direction perpendicular to the excavation direction of the drilling and blasting test tunnel. The holes include three directions: up-inclined, nearly horizontal, and down-inclined. The calculation method of the inclination angle of the up-inclined / down-inclined holes is similar to that of the TBM section. The direction perpendicular to the excavation direction of the drilling and blasting test tunnel includes n1 open holes. On the other hand, holes are drilled in a direction parallel to the excavation direction of the drilling and blasting test tunnel. The holes are all nearly horizontal inclinations, including n2 open holes. Both n1 and n2 are greater than or equal to 2. Microseismic sensors and / or acoustic emission sensors are installed in the boreholes to form a microseismic and / or acoustic emission monitoring system for the drilling and blasting section; multi-point displacement meters and fiber grating FRP smart bars are buried in the boreholes to form an internal displacement monitoring system for the surrounding rock of the drilling and blasting section; fiber-optic multi-point stress meters are installed in the boreholes to form a stress monitoring system for the drilling and blasting section. The specific distribution of boreholes is directly related to the cross-sectional distribution of the excavation area. By arranging boreholes around the cross-section, the surrounding rock damage around the cross-section during the excavation process is focused on monitoring.

[0066] In the embodiment of the present application, there are 19 sections around the drilling and blasting test tunnel, which are numbered 1-1 to 19-19 along the excavation direction of the drilling and blasting section. There are 29 boreholes in the drilling and blasting section, of which 25 boreholes are perpendicular to the excavation direction (including 4 open holes) and 4 boreholes are parallel to the excavation direction (including 3 open holes). The positions of some boreholes and sensors in the drilling and blasting section are shown in Table 2 below.

[0067] Table 2 Some drilling holes and sensor layout locations in the drilling and blasting section

[0068]

[0069]

[0070]

[0071] In Table 2, ZBA represents a bare hole; ZBD represents a hole drilled with a fiber optic strain gauge; ZBC represents a hole drilled with microseismic, acoustic emission, or microseismic acoustic emission coupling; ZBF represents a hole drilled with a water pressure sensor; ZBB represents a hole drilled with a multi-point displacement gauge; ZBE represents a hole drilled with a fiber optic Bragg grating (FRP) smart reinforcement; and ZBD represents a hole drilled with a fiber optic multi-point strain gauge (abbreviated as a fiber optic strain gauge).

[0072] like Figure 3 As shown in the figure, among all the boreholes perpendicular to the excavation direction of the drilling and blasting test tunnel, the last borehole along the excavation direction of the drilling and blasting test tunnel (the direction indicated by the arrow, downward in the figure) needs to be at a preset distance from the termination excavation surface of the drilling and blasting test tunnel, and the calculation formula is as follows:

[0073] D reserve =L tunnel -(L blast +kL gap )(2)

[0074] Where D reserve It represents the horizontal distance between the last borehole along the excavation direction of the drilling and blasting test tunnel and the termination excavation surface of the drilling and blasting test tunnel; L tunnel is the total length of the drilling and blasting test tunnel; L blast Reserve distance for the starting segment; L gap is the distance between the drilling and blasting test tunnel and the monitoring tunnel; k is the distance adjustment coefficient, ranging from 0.6 to 1.3. When calculating, ensure that the units of all parameters are consistent, and adjust the k value according to specific project requirements. reserve The purpose of setting is to ensure that the entire process of drilling and blasting test tunnel excavation can be monitored while avoiding the waste of drilling and sensor resources. In other words, the boreholes perpendicular to the excavation direction of the drilling and blasting test tunnel only need to be arranged to a distance D from the termination excavation surface of the drilling and blasting test tunnel. reserve Of course, a similar arrangement can be made for the TBM section, that is, along the excavation direction of the TBM test tunnel (the direction indicated by the arrow, Figure 3 The last drill hole (upward in the middle) is also at a preset distance from the terminal excavation surface of the TBM test tunnel. The calculation method of the preset distance can refer to the drilling and blasting section.

[0075] The overall layout plan of drilling holes and sensors in the drilling and blasting section is as follows Figure 4 and Figure 5 As shown, Figure 4 The sensor layout scheme along the excavation direction of the drilling and blasting test tunnel is shown. Figure 5 The drilling and sensor layout scheme at the cross section of the drilling and blasting test tunnel is shown.

[0076] like Figure 4As shown in the figure, there are 25 boreholes perpendicular to the drilling and blasting test tunnel, including 4 open holes. The original floor was later padded with mud and stone, so the actual floor elevation is 0.8m. The boreholes are distributed in the range of 1.7m to 2.1m, in three rows, with the elevation of the up-inclined boreholes being 2.1m, the elevation of the middle boreholes being 1.9m, and the elevation of the down-inclined boreholes being 1.7m.

[0077] like Figure 5 As shown in the figure, there are 4 boreholes parallel to the drilling and blasting test tunnel, including 3 open holes. Two of the open holes are strictly parallel to the drilling and blasting test tunnel; one open hole deflects horizontally toward the drilling and blasting test tunnel with a deflection angle of 1.9° (expected to intersect with the drilling and blasting test tunnel at 30m). The nearest borehole is 0.3m away from the blasting tunnel horizontally. All 4 boreholes are arranged near the arch line of the tunnel, because this is the most likely place to produce obvious surrounding rock response.

[0078] Step 4: During the TBM excavation process, the TBM segment microseismic and / or acoustic emission monitoring system, the surrounding rock internal displacement monitoring system, and the stress monitoring system are used to monitor the surrounding rock response of the TBM test tunnel.

[0079] Specifically, during the TBM excavation process, the TBM segment microseismic and / or acoustic emission monitoring system is used to monitor the excavation damage of the surrounding rock of the TBM test tunnel. The TBM segment surrounding rock internal displacement monitoring system is used to continuously and dynamically measure the surrounding rock internal displacement parameters during the excavation process to obtain the time history curve of the whole process of surrounding rock internal displacement change and the loss displacement ratio. The TBM segment stress monitoring system is used to monitor the stress change law during the whole process of TBM test tunnel excavation, among which the hollow inclusion strain gauge can be used to monitor the ground stress, and the strain gauge multi-point stress gauge and the optical fiber multi-point stress gauge are used to monitor the disturbance stress.

[0080] Step 5: During the drilling and blasting excavation process, the surrounding rock response of the drilling and blasting test tunnel is monitored using the drilling and blasting section microseismic and / or acoustic emission monitoring system, the surrounding rock internal displacement monitoring system, and the stress monitoring system.

[0081] Specifically, during the drilling and blasting excavation process, the drilling and blasting section microseismic and / or acoustic emission monitoring system is used to monitor the excavation damage of the surrounding rock of the drilling and blasting test tunnel. The drilling and blasting section surrounding rock internal displacement monitoring system is used to continuously and dynamically measure the surrounding rock internal displacement parameters during the excavation process to obtain the time history curve of the surrounding rock internal displacement change during the whole process and the loss displacement ratio. The drilling and blasting section stress monitoring system is used to monitor the stress change law during the whole excavation process of the drilling and blasting test tunnel.

[0082] As an extended application, the microseismic and / or acoustic emission monitoring systems of the TBM section and the drilling and blasting section, the surrounding rock internal displacement monitoring system, and the stress monitoring system can be deployed in the intact rock mass area and the rock mass fracture area respectively, and the monitoring results can be compared to analyze the differences between different rock masses.

[0083] Furthermore, by comparing and analyzing the surrounding rock response characteristics and evolution laws of the TBM test tunnel and the drilling and blasting test tunnel, the TBM and drilling and blasting excavation process can also be guided according to the analysis results. By arranging the TBM segment microseismic and / or acoustic emission monitoring system, the surrounding rock internal displacement monitoring system and the stress monitoring system around the TBM and drilling and blasting excavation construction tunnels, the full-cycle real-time and accurate monitoring of the surrounding rock response before, during and after the TBM and drilling and blasting excavation can be achieved, and the excavation response characteristics and evolution laws of the complete surrounding rock under low stress and cyclic blasting disturbance can be obtained, so as to quantitatively evaluate the chamber excavation characteristics of the TBM method and blasting excavation, which can help construction personnel to adjust the construction parameters in time, ensure construction safety, and optimize the construction plan, reducing unnecessary costs and time consumption. Through the multi-sensor monitoring method for surrounding rock excavation response of this application, real-time monitoring and early warning of surrounding rock response during underground engineering construction can be achieved, thereby effectively avoiding the occurrence of geological disasters and engineering accidents, and ensuring the safety and quality of underground engineering construction.

[0084] This article uses specific examples to illustrate the principles and implementation methods of this application. The description of the above embodiments is only used to help understand the method and core ideas of this application. At the same time, for those skilled in the art, according to the ideas of this application, there will be changes in the specific implementation methods and application scope. In summary, the content of this specification should not be understood as limiting this application.

Claims

1. A multi-sensor monitoring method for surrounding rock excavation response, characterized in that: include: Determine the locations of TBM test tunnels, monitoring tunnels, and drilling and blasting test tunnels based on the main structure of the underground laboratory; Drill holes from the monitoring tunnel toward the TBM test tunnel, and install TBM segment microseismic and / or acoustic emission monitoring systems, surrounding rock internal displacement monitoring systems, and stress monitoring systems in the boreholes; Drill a hole from the monitoring tunnel toward the drilling and blasting test tunnel, and install a microseismic and / or acoustic emission monitoring system for the drilling and blasting section, a surrounding rock internal displacement monitoring system, and a stress monitoring system in the hole; During the TBM excavation process, the TBM segment microseismic and / or acoustic emission monitoring system, the surrounding rock internal displacement monitoring system, and the stress monitoring system are used to monitor the surrounding rock response of the TBM test tunnel; During the drilling and blasting excavation process, the microseismic and / or acoustic emission monitoring system of the drilling and blasting section, the surrounding rock internal displacement monitoring system and the stress monitoring system are used to monitor the surrounding rock response of the drilling and blasting test tunnel.

2. The method for monitoring surrounding rock excavation response by multi-sensor according to claim 1, characterized in that: The method of drilling a hole from the monitoring tunnel toward the TBM test tunnel and installing a TBM segment microseismic and / or acoustic emission monitoring system, a surrounding rock internal displacement monitoring system, and a stress monitoring system in the hole specifically includes: Drill holes from the monitoring tunnel toward the TBM test tunnel, and install microseismic sensors and / or acoustic emission sensors in the holes to form a TBM section microseismic and / or acoustic emission monitoring system; One or more of a multi-point displacement meter, a fiber Bragg grating (FRP) intelligent reinforcement and a sliding micrometer are buried in the borehole to form an internal displacement monitoring system of the surrounding rock of the TBM section; One or more strain gauge type multi-point stress gauges and optical fiber type multi-point stress gauges are installed in the borehole to form a TBM section stress monitoring system.

3. The surrounding rock excavation response multi-sensor monitoring method according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The drilling from the monitoring tunnel toward the TBM test tunnel specifically includes: Drill holes from the monitoring tunnel in a direction perpendicular to the excavation direction of the TBM test tunnel. The drilling directions include up-inclined, nearly horizontal, and down-inclined.

4. The surrounding rock excavation response multi-sensor monitoring method according to claim 3 is characterized in that: Before drilling from the monitoring tunnel toward the TBM test tunnel, the method further includes: The inclination of the up-dip / down-dip borehole is calculated based on the distance between the monitoring tunnel and the TBM test tunnel and the distance between the end of the borehole and above / below the TBM test tunnel.

5. The surrounding rock excavation response multi-sensor monitoring method according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The drilling from the monitoring tunnel toward the TBM test tunnel also includes: In all the boreholes drilled from the monitoring tunnel to the TBM test tunnel, the last sensor in each borehole is greater than 0.1m away from the bottom of the borehole.

6. The surrounding rock excavation response multi-sensor monitoring method according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The drilling from the monitoring tunnel toward the TBM test tunnel also includes: For all the boreholes that do not penetrate the TBM test tunnel, the hole wall of the up-inclined / down-inclined borehole or the hole bottom of the nearly horizontal borehole is more than 0.1m away from the wall of the TBM test tunnel.

7. The surrounding rock excavation response multi-sensor monitoring method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The drilling of a hole from the monitoring tunnel toward the drilling and blasting test tunnel, and the deployment of a drilling and blasting section microseismic and / or acoustic emission monitoring system, a surrounding rock internal displacement monitoring system, and a stress monitoring system in the hole specifically include: Drill holes from the monitoring tunnel toward the drilling and blasting test tunnel, and install microseismic sensors and / or acoustic emission sensors in the holes to form a microseismic and / or acoustic emission monitoring system for the drilling and blasting section; One or more of a multi-point displacement meter, a fiber Bragg grating (FRP) intelligent reinforcement and a sliding micrometer are buried in the borehole to form an internal displacement monitoring system for the surrounding rock in the drilling and blasting section; Multi-point stress gauges are installed in the borehole to form a stress monitoring system for the drilling and blasting section.

8. The surrounding rock excavation response multi-sensor monitoring method according to claim 7, characterized in that: The drilling from the monitoring tunnel toward the drilling and blasting test tunnel specifically includes: Drill holes from the monitoring tunnel in a direction perpendicular to the excavation direction of the drilling and blasting test tunnel. The drilling holes include three directions: up-dipping, nearly horizontal, and down-dipping, and include n1 open holes; Drill holes are drilled in a direction parallel to the excavation direction of the drilling and blasting test tunnel. The drill holes are all in a nearly horizontal direction and include n2 open holes; where n1 and n2 are both greater than or equal to 2.

9. The surrounding rock excavation response multi-sensor monitoring method according to claim 8, characterized in that: The drilling from the monitoring tunnel in a direction perpendicular to the excavation direction of the drilling and blasting test tunnel specifically includes: The distance D between the last drill hole along the excavation direction of the drilling and blasting test tunnel and the termination excavation surface of the drilling and blasting test tunnel reserve =L tunnel -(L blast +kL gap );where L tunnel is the total length of the drilling and blasting test tunnel; L blast Reserve distance for the starting segment; L gap is the distance between the drilling and blasting test tunnel and the monitoring tunnel; k is the distance adjustment coefficient.

10. The method for monitoring surrounding rock excavation response by multi-sensor according to claim 1, characterized in that: Also includes: The microseismic and / or acoustic emission monitoring systems, the surrounding rock internal displacement monitoring system, and the stress monitoring system of the TBM section and the drilling and blasting section are deployed in the intact rock mass area and the rock mass fracture area, respectively. The monitoring results are compared to analyze the differences between different rock masses.

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