Additive manufacturing powder metallographic analysis method and application

Abstract

The invention provides an additive manufacturing powder metallographic analysis method and application, and belongs to the technical field of additive manufacturing. According to the to-be-detected powder material, a to-be-detected powder material sample is obtained in a random extraction mode; carrying out various characterization means on the randomly selected to-be-detected powder material sample to respectively obtain results of the corresponding characterization means; and performing metallographic analysis on the to-be-detected powder material sample by integrating the results of the plurality of characterization means to obtain a metallographic analysis result of the to-be-detected powder material sample. According to the method, multiple characterization technologies are adopted, metallographic analysis can be comprehensively and accurately carried out on the powder material, the quality and performance of products can be improved, the production cost is reduced, meanwhile, the method has the advantages of being simple, convenient, efficient and wide in application range, and good popularization value and application prospects are achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of additive manufacturing, and in particular to a metallographic analysis method and application of additive manufacturing powder. Background Art

[0002] Additive manufacturing technology, also known as 3D printing, has been widely used in a variety of industries in recent years, including aerospace, medical, and automotive. Its core lies in the ability to build complex structures directly from digital models without the need for traditional molds or cutting processes. However, the quality of the finished product of additive manufacturing is highly dependent on the characteristics of the powder material used. Therefore, metallographic analysis has become a key step to ensure that the material microstructure meets the design requirements.

[0003] Existing powder metallographic analysis methods usually require a lot of manpower and time, and there is a situation where destructive testing of powder materials is performed, which not only increases production costs but also has a destructive impact on product quality. Summary of the invention

[0004] In order to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art, the purpose of the present invention is to provide an additive manufacturing powder metallographic analysis method and application, which adopts a variety of characterization techniques to comprehensively and accurately perform metallographic analysis on powder materials, which is conducive to improving product quality and performance and reducing production costs.

[0005] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following solutions:

[0006] A metallographic analysis method for additive manufacturing powders comprises the following steps:

[0007] Collect the powder material to be tested;

[0008] According to the powder material to be tested, a sample of the powder material to be tested is obtained by random sampling;

[0009] Performing multiple characterization methods on the randomly selected powder material samples to be tested, and obtaining the results of the corresponding characterization methods respectively;

[0010] Based on the results of various characterization methods, a metallographic analysis is performed on the powder material sample to obtain a metallographic analysis result of the powder material sample to be tested.

[0011] Preferably, the collecting of the powder material to be tested specifically includes:

[0012] Determine the powder material that needs to be analyzed based on the type and source of the powder material;

[0013] By randomly acquiring different parts of the acquired powder material, a plurality of groups of powder material samples are collected;

[0014] The multiple groups of powder material samples are cleaned, classified, stored and labeled with sample names to obtain multiple groups of powder materials to be tested.

[0015] Preferably, the randomly selected powder material sample to be tested is subjected to multiple characterization methods to obtain the results of the corresponding characterization methods, specifically including:

[0016] Observing the surface morphology of the powder material sample to be tested by scanning electron microscope to obtain the morphological result of the powder material sample to be tested;

[0017] Performing crystallographic characterization on the powder material sample to be tested by an X-ray diffractometer to obtain a crystal structure result of the powder material sample to be tested;

[0018] The powder material sample to be tested is subjected to component analysis by an energy spectrometer to obtain a chemical composition result of the powder material sample to be tested.

[0019] Preferably, before observing the surface morphology of the powder material sample to be tested by scanning electron microscopy, the method further comprises: preparing a sample for scanning electron microscopy observation by embedding and grinding the randomly selected powder material sample to be tested.

[0020] Preferably, the method of performing multiple characterization methods on the randomly selected powder material samples to obtain the results of the corresponding characterization methods also includes: analyzing the powder material samples to be tested by Raman spectroscopy technology to obtain the stress state and defect type of the powder material samples to be tested.

[0021] The present invention also provides an application of the above-mentioned additive manufacturing powder metallographic analysis method in metallographic analysis of various powder materials.

[0022] According to the specific embodiments provided by the present invention, the present invention discloses the following technical effects:

[0023] The present invention provides a powder metallographic analysis method for additive manufacturing and its application, including: collecting powder materials to be tested; obtaining samples of the powder materials to be tested by random sampling according to the powder materials to be tested; performing multiple characterization methods on the randomly selected samples of the powder materials to be tested, and obtaining the results of the corresponding characterization methods respectively; and performing metallographic analysis on the samples of the powder materials to be tested based on the results of the multiple characterization methods to obtain the metallographic analysis results of the samples of the powder materials to be tested. The present invention has multiple characterization methods, and can perform metallographic analysis on powder materials comprehensively and accurately, which is beneficial to improving the quality and performance of products. At the same time, the method has the advantages of being simple, efficient, and having a wide range of applications, and has good promotion value and application prospects. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0024] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0025] Figure 1 This is a flow chart of a metallographic analysis method for additive manufacturing powders according to the present invention;

[0026] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the AlSi10Mg aluminum alloy powder provided in Example 1 of the present invention at a magnification of 100X, wherein: Figure 2 (a) is a schematic diagram of the lateral structure of AlSi10Mg aluminum alloy powder at 100X magnification. Figure 2 (b) is a schematic diagram of the longitudinal structure of AlSi10Mg aluminum alloy powder at 100X magnification;

[0027] Figure 3 A scanning diagram of the microcrack positions of the AlSi10Mg aluminum alloy powder provided in Example 1 of the present invention under an electron microscope at a magnification of 200X;

[0028] Figure 4 This is a scanning diagram of pore positions of the AlSi10Mg aluminum alloy powder provided in Example 1 of the present invention under an electron microscope at a magnification of 100X;

[0029] Figure 5 This is a scanning diagram of the inclusion positions of the AlSi10Mg aluminum alloy powder provided in Example 1 of the present invention under an electron microscope at a magnification of 200X. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0030] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0031] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a metallographic analysis method and application of additive manufacturing powder, which adopts a variety of characterization techniques to comprehensively and accurately perform metallographic analysis on powder materials, which is beneficial to improving product quality and performance and reducing production costs. At the same time, this method has the advantages of being simple, efficient, and widely applicable, and has good promotion value and application prospects.

[0032] In order to make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more obvious and easy to understand, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0033] Embodiment 1

[0034] like Figure 1 As shown, the present invention provides a metallographic analysis method for additive manufacturing powder, comprising the following steps:

[0035] Step 100: Collect the powder material to be tested;

[0036] Step 200: obtaining a sample of the powder material to be tested by random sampling according to the powder material to be tested;

[0037] Step 300: performing multiple characterization methods on the randomly selected powder material samples to be tested, and obtaining results of the corresponding characterization methods respectively;

[0038] Step 400: Based on the results of various characterization methods, metallographic analysis is performed on the powder material sample to obtain the metallographic analysis result of the powder material sample to be tested.

[0039] In step 100, the powder material to be tested is collected, specifically including: determining the powder material to be analyzed according to the type and source of the powder material; then selecting appropriate tools according to the properties of the powder material, such as a clean spoon, tweezers or a special sampler, to avoid introducing impurities into the powder material. In addition, for batch-produced powders, it is also necessary to randomly obtain different parts of the obtained powder material to ensure that the sample is representative. If a specific production batch or failed sample needs to be analyzed, the corresponding sampling position should also be accurately selected to collect multiple groups of powder material samples; then, the powder material is gently scraped or dug to avoid excessive compression or change in its original form, and the uniformity and consistency of the sample should be maintained during collection, and then the multiple groups of powder material samples are cleaned to ensure that there is no attachment in the powder material sample, and the obtained samples are classified and stored and the sample names are marked for subsequent analysis and tracking to obtain multiple groups of powder materials to be tested.

[0040] In step 300, the randomly selected powder material sample to be tested is subjected to multiple characterization methods to obtain the results of the corresponding characterization methods, specifically including:

[0041] First, the surface morphology of the powder material sample to be tested is observed by scanning electron microscope to obtain the morphological results of the powder material sample to be tested; the randomly selected powder material sample to be tested is prepared by inlaying, grinding and polishing to obtain a sample for scanning electron microscope observation. It includes the following processes: Prepare the powder sample to be tested: Place the powder material sample to be tested on the SEM sample stage to ensure that the sample surface is smooth and clean. Metal coating can be used to improve conductivity when necessary. Adjust SEM parameters: Connect the sample to be tested to the SEM, adjust the acceleration voltage, working distance (WD), probe current and other parameters of the SEM to obtain an image suitable for observation. Observe the sample: Use SEM to observe the surface morphology of the powder sample to be tested, adjust the focal length and magnification to obtain a clear image. Acquire an image: Collect an electronic image of the sample surface, and scan different angles and areas as needed. Analyze the results: Observe and analyze the SEM image to obtain the morphological characteristics of the powder material sample to be tested, such as particle shape, size distribution, surface structure, etc. Obtain the morphological results: According to the results obtained by SEM observation, determine the morphological characteristics of the powder material sample to be tested, and record relevant data and images.

[0042] Secondly, the powder material sample to be tested is crystallographically characterized by an X-ray diffractometer to obtain the crystal structure result of the powder material sample to be tested, including the following processes: Prepare the powder sample to be tested: First, the powder material sample to be tested needs to be prepared and crushed into powder for X-ray diffraction analysis. Adjust the parameters of the X-ray diffractometer: Connect the sample to be tested to the X-ray diffractometer, and adjust the parameters such as the voltage, current and scanning angle range of the X-ray tube according to the characteristics and requirements of the sample. Scan: Start the X-ray diffractometer, perform a scanning operation, and obtain data by irradiating the sample and measuring the diffraction signal. Analyze the data: Process and analyze the collected data, and determine the crystal structure information of the powder material to be tested by comparing the diffraction spectrum of the sample with the standard crystal structure database or performing a paired comparison. Obtain the crystal structure result: According to the data and results obtained by the analysis, determine the crystal structure of the powder material to be tested, including unit cell parameters, crystallographic groups, crystal face indices and other information.

[0043] Again, the powder material sample to be tested is subjected to component analysis by an energy spectrometer to obtain the chemical composition results of the powder material sample to be tested, including the following processes: Prepare the powder material sample to be tested: First, it is necessary to prepare the powder material sample to be tested, and ensure that the sample surface is clean to avoid interference with the signal. Connect the energy spectrometer: Place the powder sample to be tested on the sample stage of the energy spectrometer, and adjust the equipment parameters, such as acceleration voltage, exposure time, etc. Obtain a spectrum: Start the energy spectrometer and start collecting energy spectrum. The energy spectrometer bombards the sample to be tested with electrons, thereby exciting the sample to produce specific X-rays. Analyze the energy spectrum: After collection, the energy spectrometer can generate an energy spectrum of the sample. By analyzing the characteristic peaks in the spectrum and comparing them with the energy characteristics of known elements, the chemical composition results of the powder material sample to be tested can be determined.

[0044] Finally, the powder material sample to be tested is analyzed by Raman spectroscopy to obtain the stress state and defect type of the powder material sample to be tested. 1) Stress state analysis: Raman spectroscopy can be used to analyze the strain state of the material by observing the changes in peak position. The stress state will affect the vibration frequency of the molecules of the material, so specific displacements will appear in the Raman spectrum. By studying these displacements, the stress state of the powder material sample to be tested can be inferred. 2) Defect analysis: Raman spectroscopy can also be used to analyze the defect structure of the material. Defects will affect the lattice vibration of the material, thereby presenting specific peaks and intensity changes in the Raman spectrum. By observing the characteristics of these Raman spectra, the types and distribution of defects that may exist in the powder material sample to be tested can be inferred.

[0045] Combining the results of the above-mentioned characterization methods, a comprehensive analysis can be made through the powder morphology of electron microscope observation results, the crystallographic characterization results of X-ray diffractometer, the component analysis results of energy dispersive spectrometer, and the stress state and defect type of Raman spectrum. The crystal structure, component composition and morphological characteristics of the powder material sample to be tested are comprehensively considered, and the metallographic analysis of the sample is carried out in combination with the knowledge and methods of metallography to understand the metallographic properties and microstructural characteristics of the powder material.

[0046] In addition, the additive manufacturing powder metallographic analysis method provided above is applied to the metallographic analysis of various powder materials to obtain the metallographic information of the powder materials. By adopting a variety of characterization methods, the powder materials can be comprehensively and accurately metallographically analyzed, which is beneficial to improving the quality and performance of the products. At the same time, this method has the advantages of being simple, efficient, and widely applicable, and has good promotion value and application prospects.

[0047] Taking AlSi10Mg aluminum alloy powder as an example, the above method is used to perform metallographic analysis. Figure 2 (a) Schematic diagram of the horizontal structure provided Figure 2(b) provides a schematic diagram of the longitudinal structure, which shows that the AlSi10Mg aluminum alloy powder has uniform particle size, regular shape, and a dense internal structure. The AlSi10Mg aluminum alloy powder is observed using a scanning electron microscope. Figure 3 , the micro crack length in the AlSi10Mg aluminum alloy powder structure is ≤1mm, and according to Figure 4 and Figure 5 It can be found that in the structural magnification images at 100X and 200X magnifications, the AlSi10Mg aluminum alloy powder has no obvious pores and inclusions. The above characteristics indicate that the AlSi10Mg aluminum alloy powder has good machinability and performance stability and is suitable for additive manufacturing.

[0048] The principles and implementation methods of the present invention are described in this article using specific examples. The description of the above embodiments is only used to help understand the method and core idea of ​​the present invention. At the same time, for those skilled in the art, according to the idea of ​​the present invention, there will be changes in the specific implementation methods and application scope. In summary, the content of this specification should not be understood as limiting the present invention.

Claims

1. A metallographic analysis method for additive manufacturing powder, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Collect the powder material to be tested; According to the powder material to be tested, a sample of the powder material to be tested is obtained by random sampling; Performing multiple characterization methods on the randomly selected powder material samples to be tested, and obtaining the results of the corresponding characterization methods respectively; Based on the results of various characterization methods, a metallographic analysis is performed on the powder material sample to obtain a metallographic analysis result of the powder material sample to be tested.

2. The metallographic analysis method of additive manufacturing powder according to claim 1, characterized in that: The collecting of the powder material to be tested specifically comprises: Determine the powder material that needs to be analyzed based on the type and source of the powder material; By randomly acquiring different parts of the acquired powder material, a plurality of groups of powder material samples are collected; The multiple groups of powder material samples are cleaned, classified, stored and labeled with sample names to obtain multiple groups of powder materials to be tested.

3. The metallographic analysis method of additive manufacturing powder according to claim 1, characterized in that: The randomly selected powder material samples to be tested are subjected to a variety of characterization methods to obtain the results of the corresponding characterization methods, specifically including: Observing the surface morphology of the powder material sample to be tested by scanning electron microscope to obtain the morphological result of the powder material sample to be tested; Performing crystallographic characterization on the powder material sample to be tested by an X-ray diffractometer to obtain a crystal structure result of the powder material sample to be tested; The powder material sample to be tested is subjected to component analysis by an energy spectrometer to obtain a chemical composition result of the powder material sample to be tested.

4. The metallographic analysis method of additive manufacturing powder according to claim 3, characterized in that: Before observing the surface morphology of the powder material sample to be tested by scanning electron microscopy, the method further includes: preparing a sample for scanning electron microscopy observation by embedding and grinding the randomly selected powder material sample to be tested.

5. The metallographic analysis method of additive manufacturing powder according to claim 3, characterized in that: The method further comprises: performing multiple characterization methods on the randomly selected powder material samples to obtain the results of the corresponding characterization methods, and analyzing the powder material samples to be tested by Raman spectroscopy technology to obtain the stress state and defect type of the powder material samples to be tested.

6. Application of the additive manufacturing powder metallographic analysis method according to any one of claims 1 to 5 in metallographic analysis of various powder materials.

Images