Forest landscape afforestation full life cycle carbon emission accounting method

Abstract

The invention belongs to the field of forestry carbon neutralization, and relates to a forest landscape afforestation full-life-cycle carbon emission accounting method, which comprises the following steps of: firstly, dividing forest landscape afforestation activities into two major categories of new afforestation and landscape transformation; further dividing into specific types such as a national reserve forest, a forest park, a forest rehabilitation base, a low-efficiency man-made forest and a low-efficiency ecological public welfare forest, then determining a life cycle sub-stage, and determining a purpose, a system boundary and a functional unit of the life cycle; determining an input and output list according to the production information; constructing a carbon emission accounting model covering a calculation method, an emission factor and a distribution rule; finally, carbon footprint analysis and sensitivity analysis are carried out to evaluate the emission ratio and data quality, the diversity and complexity of forest landscape afforestation are comprehensively considered, the system boundary of landscape afforestation is accurately defined, and a more scientific, more comprehensive, finer and more accurate accounting method is provided for the accounting of forestry carbon emission.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the field of forestry carbon neutrality, and specifically relates to a method for calculating carbon emissions during the entire life cycle of forest landscape afforestation. Background Art

[0002] Carbon emissions refer to the emissions of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases produced by human activities, which have a huge impact on the global climate. Reducing carbon emissions is a key measure to address the climate crisis and a necessary condition for achieving sustainable development.

[0003] Forestry development not only plays a role in mitigating climate change, but also has comprehensive ecological value and social benefits. Forest landscape refers to the natural landscape composed of forest ecosystems, which includes the distribution, structure, function and dynamic characteristics of forests. The purpose of forest landscape afforestation is to improve the structure and function of forest landscapes, improve the productivity and ecological benefits of forest resources, protect biodiversity and water and soil resources through artificial intervention, so as to increase forest coverage, protect biodiversity, regulate climate change, and provide ecological services. It is divided into new afforestation and low-efficiency forest transformation, including the construction of national reserve forests, urban or suburban forest parks and forest health care base landscape afforestation, low-efficiency artificial forest transformation and low-efficiency ecological public welfare forest transformation.

[0004] Inefficient forests include inefficient artificial forests and inefficient ecological public welfare forests. The transformation of inefficient forests refers to the general term for forestry measures such as changing forest stand structure, adjusting or replacing tree species in order to fully tap the production potential of inefficient forest land and improve forest stand quality, stability and efficiency.

[0005] Application No. CN116303799A is a blockchain-based forestry carbon emission accounting method, which divides the life cycle of trees into different carbon emission unit modules and provides a method for calculating carbon emissions at each stage. However, it has deficiencies in technical details, data accuracy, determination of carbon emission factors, and application of blockchain technology, and further research and improvement are needed to ensure its practicality and effectiveness; Application No. CN115187142A discloses a method and device for estimating the carbon footprint of garden green space, which takes garden green space vegetation, terrain and water bodies, hardened surfaces, building structures and supporting facilities as carbon emission accounting objects, and the accounting content includes the production, transportation, construction, operation and demolition stages of materials, but does not consider carbon emissions in the seedling breeding stage of vegetation, nor does it consider material categories and artificial carbon emissions; Application No. CN118014393A is a carbon footprint accounting method for the breeding stage of economic forest varieties The method and system proposed a carbon emission accounting method for the breeding stage of economic forest varieties, but it only considered the accounting of the breeding stage, and did not consider the carbon emissions of forest construction and infrastructure; the application number CN115186519A disclosed an agricultural carbon footprint measurement method and device based on a variable system boundary scenario, which provided the agricultural system with carbon emission accounting for the four stages of agricultural product production, processing, transportation and waste treatment, but did not mention the carbon emissions in the seedling breeding stage; the application number CN114781135A disclosed a comprehensive estimation method and system for net greenhouse gas emissions of regional agricultural planting systems, which provided a carbon emission accounting method for the four stages of crop sowing, management, harvesting and returning to the field, including CO2 emissions from fuel, consumables, chemicals, fertilizers and straw burning, but this patent did not take into account the seedling breeding stage, and lacked the accounting of the carbon footprint of the entire life cycle of forestry;

[0006] The existing technology is relatively lacking in the carbon emission accounting of forestry systems, lacking accurate accounting of carbon emissions in forestry systems, and it is urgent to fill the gap. Forest landscape is an important part of the forestry system, and it is of great significance for the carbon emission accounting of landscape afforestation. Therefore, this patent proposes a carbon emission accounting method for landscape afforestation, which fills the gap in traditional forestry carbon emission accounting. Summary of the invention

[0007] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides a method for calculating carbon emissions during the entire life cycle of forest landscape afforestation to solve the problems in the prior art. The technical solution adopted by the present invention is:

[0008] The carbon emission accounting method for the whole life cycle of forest landscape afforestation includes the following steps:

[0009] (a) Forest landscape afforestation is divided into new afforestation and landscape transformation. Landscape transformation includes national reserve forest landscape afforestation, forest park landscape afforestation, forest health care base landscape afforestation, low-efficiency artificial forest landscape transformation and low-efficiency ecological public welfare forest landscape transformation;

[0010] (b) Divide the life cycle sub-stages of forest landscape afforestation and identify the process units of the life cycle;

[0011] (c) Determine the objectives, system boundaries and functional units of the forest landscape afforestation life cycle;

[0012] (d) Determine the input and output lists of the life cycle of forest landscape afforestation based on the production information of forest landscape afforestation;

[0013] (e) Construct a carbon emission accounting model for the entire life cycle of forest landscape afforestation, determine the calculation method, emission factor and allocation rule for each life cycle of carbon emissions, and construct the carbon footprint of forest landscape afforestation life cycle;

[0014] (f) Conduct carbon footprint analysis and sensitivity analysis of the forest landscape afforestation life cycle, and analyze emission proportions and data quality.

[0015] The present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0016] (1) Filling the gap in traditional forestry carbon emissions, a method for calculating carbon emissions over the entire life cycle of forest landscape afforestation is proposed, which can accurately calculate and analyze the carbon emissions of forest landscape afforestation, making up for the lack of carbon emission accounting in landscape afforestation and providing a new idea for forestry carbon emission accounting;

[0017] (2) The present invention proposes a classification of forest landscape afforestation, which is in line with national strategies and has high adaptability. It is helpful to evaluate the carbon emissions of different types of forest landscape afforestation, adapt to different types of landscape afforestation, and provide a scientific basis for relevant decision-making;

[0018] (3) Covering a more comprehensive life cycle stage, the forest landscape afforestation full life cycle carbon emission accounting method and system of the present invention includes the life cycle carbon emission accounting of forest landscape afforestation and forestry facility construction, ensuring the comprehensiveness of the assessment;

[0019] (4) The present invention divides forest landscape afforestation into life cycle sub-stages and process units, and proposes a process allocation rule, which can more comprehensively cover the entire process and has a clearer system boundary, making the accounting of carbon emissions more detailed and accurate, and helping to gain a deeper understanding of carbon emissions at different stages;

[0020] (5) The present invention constructs a carbon emission accounting model based on material allocation, utilizes a more scientific calculation method, allocation rule and a more localized emission factor, and improves the accuracy and reliability of carbon emission accounting;

[0021] (6) The method and system for calculating carbon emissions during the entire life cycle of forest landscape afforestation of the present invention evaluates a more detailed and comprehensive carbon footprint through carbon footprint analysis, providing practitioners with a reliable analysis method to help formulate emission reduction strategies and effectively achieve emission reduction at key nodes;

[0022] (7) The method and system for calculating carbon emissions during the entire life cycle of forest landscape afforestation of the present invention evaluates the impact of changes in key parameters on carbon footprint through sensitivity analysis, helps to identify which parameters have the greatest impact on the final carbon emissions, and enhances the understanding of carbon emission changes under different scenarios;

[0023] (8) The method and system for calculating carbon emissions throughout the life cycle of forest landscape afforestation proposed and promoted the innovation of forestry carbon emission accounting technology, improved the sustainability of forest landscapes, and provided new tools for forestry carbon sink management and carbon trading;

[0024] (9) Other features and advantages of the present invention will be set forth in the following description, and in part will become apparent from the description, or may be understood by practicing the present invention. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0025] Figure 1 It is the overall flow chart of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 2 It is a flow chart of forest landscape afforestation of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 3 It is a system boundary diagram of the forest landscape afforestation and reforestation sub-stage of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 4 It is a system boundary diagram of the forest landscape afforestation and forestry facilities construction sub-stage of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 5 It is a boundary map of the national reserve forest landscape afforestation system of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 6 It is a boundary map of the forest park landscape afforestation system of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 7 It is a boundary map of the landscape afforestation system of the forest health care base of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 8 It is a boundary map of the low-efficiency artificial forest landscape transformation system of the present invention;

[0033] Fig. 9 It is a boundary map of the low-efficiency ecological public welfare forest landscape transformation system of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0034] The following will be combined with the embodiments of the present invention Figure 1-Figure 9, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are described clearly and completely. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. Unless otherwise specified, the technical means used in the embodiments are conventional means well known to those skilled in the art.

[0035] The present invention relates to a method for calculating carbon emissions during the entire life cycle of forest landscape afforestation, aiming to provide accurate calculation and analysis for forestry carbon emissions. The method first divides forest landscape afforestation activities into two categories: new afforestation and landscape transformation, and further divides them into specific types such as national reserve forests, forest parks, forest health care bases, inefficient artificial forests, and inefficient ecological public welfare forests. Then determine the life cycle sub-stages, clarify the purpose, system boundaries, and functional units of the life cycle; then determine the input and output lists based on production information; construct a carbon emission accounting model, covering calculation methods, emission factors, and allocation rules; finally, perform carbon footprint analysis and sensitivity analysis to evaluate emission proportions and data quality. This method comprehensively considers the diversity and complexity of forest landscape afforestation, accurately defines the system boundaries of landscape afforestation, and provides a more scientific, comprehensive, detailed, and accurate accounting method for the accounting of forestry carbon emissions.

[0036] like Figure 1 The method for calculating carbon emissions throughout the life cycle of forest landscape afforestation of the present invention includes:

[0037] (a) Forest landscape afforestation is divided into new afforestation and landscape transformation. Landscape transformation includes: (i) national reserve forest landscape afforestation, (ii) forest park landscape afforestation, (iii) forest health base landscape afforestation, (iv) low-efficiency artificial forest landscape transformation, and (v) low-efficiency ecological public welfare forest landscape transformation;

[0038] (b) Divide the life cycle sub-stages of forest landscape afforestation and identify the process units of the life cycle;

[0039] (c) Determine the objectives, system boundaries and functional units of the forest landscape afforestation life cycle;

[0040] (d) Determine the input and output lists of the life cycle of forest landscape afforestation based on the production information of forest landscape afforestation;

[0041] (e) Construct a carbon emission accounting model for the entire life cycle of forest landscape afforestation, determine the calculation method, emission factor and allocation rule for each life cycle of carbon emissions, and construct the carbon footprint of forest landscape afforestation life cycle;

[0042] (f) Conduct carbon footprint analysis and sensitivity analysis of the forest landscape afforestation life cycle, and analyze emission proportions and data quality.

[0043] Specifically: Figure 2Forest landscape afforestation refers to the new afforestation or landscape transformation of selected forest land and / or forest stands to construct the expected forest landscape: (i) Forest landscape refers to a complex forest ecosystem composed of several heterogeneous forest communities or forest types in a specific area, such as national reserve forests, forest parks, forest health care bases, artificial forests, ecological public welfare forests and other forest landscapes; (ii) New afforestation refers to the process of building or restoring forests on sparse woodlands, shrub forests, traces of land, and other land planned for afforestation and greening; (iii) Landscape transformation refers to the integration and landscape improvement of existing forest resources based on different forest types and with ecological landscape as the core, so that it has a higher quality landscape and meets human needs for forest ecosystems.

[0044] Landscape afforestation of national reserve forests refers to the creation of multifunctional forests in areas with suitable natural conditions through intensive cultivation of artificial forests, improvement of existing forests, tending, and replanting and reforestation, in order to meet the needs of economic and social development and people's better lives for high-quality timber, and to focus on forest landscape construction;

[0045] Forest park landscape afforestation refers to forests that have been repaired for short-term free vacations, or forests that have been gradually transformed to form a certain landscape system, providing a good environment for people to relax, recuperate, escape the summer heat, cultural entertainment and scientific research.

[0046] Landscape afforestation in forest health care bases refers to the use of forest ecological environment as the basis, with the purpose of promoting public health, utilizing forest ecological resources, landscape resources, food and medicine resources and cultural resources, and organically integrating them with medicine and health sciences to carry out health care, rehabilitation and convalescence, and healthy elderly care service activities.

[0047] Landscape transformation of inefficient artificial forests refers to improving the landscape quality and ecological benefits of inefficient forests through landscape transformation of forests that are affected by human or natural factors, have disordered stand structure and stability, sluggish tree growth and development, and degraded or lost system functions, resulting in forest ecological functions, forest product output or biomass significantly lower than the average level of the same stand under similar site conditions, and do not meet cultivation goals.

[0048] The landscape transformation of inefficient ecological public welfare forests refers to the use of landscape transformation and other means to increase the vegetation of ecological public welfare forests and improve their ecological functions in forests that are affected by human or natural factors, have declining growth, and degraded functions, and whose main management purposes are ecological protection and landscape recreation.

[0049] The carbon emissions of forest landscape afforestation in the present invention refer to the total environmental cost of the entire life cycle stage of the landscape to achieve the expected effect, from the configuration of landscape elements and plant planting design, through a series of forest construction activities such as land preparation, afforestation, tending, management and infrastructure construction, including the carbon emissions of all processes:

[0050] The full life cycle of forest landscape afforestation includes (i) afforestation sub-stage and (ii) forestry facility construction sub-stage:

[0051] (I) The afforestation sub-stage refers to the process of establishing or restoring forests on sparse woodlands, shrub lands, ruins, or other lands planned for afforestation and greening. It includes three stages: (I) land preparation, (II) afforestation, and (III) tending.

[0052] (I) Land preparation refers to the necessary treatment and preparation of the land starting from the selection of the land before afforestation begins, including full felling, block felling, manual clearing, mechanical clearing, manual digging, mechanized cultivation and other preparation methods;

[0053] (II) The afforestation process refers to the planting of trees in areas where there was no forest or where there was a reduction in forests, in order to establish new forests or restore degraded forests, including mixed afforestation, afforestation on site and reforestation;

[0054] (III) The tending process refers to the general term for various silvicultural measures taken according to the cultivation objectives from the closure of young forests to the maturity of forest stands, including seven types of tending methods: thinning, landscape thinning, selective felling, closure, forest phase transformation, conventional extensive and precision intensive.

[0055] (II) The forestry facilities construction sub-stage refers to the construction of related facilities and infrastructure to support and promote forestry activities, including two processes: (I) infrastructure construction and (II) forest protection facilities construction:

[0056] The infrastructure construction mentioned above refers to the facilities used for forest transportation, production management and protection, and recreation and health care, including five types of facilities: forest road construction, recreation facilities construction, water supply and drainage facilities, lighting facilities, and smart forestry infrastructure;

[0057] The construction of forest protection facilities refers to a series of projects and facilities carried out to protect and maintain the health and sustainable development of forest ecosystems, including eight types of facilities: water storage and moisture conservation facilities, fire prevention and control facilities, pest and disease control facilities, frost damage control facilities, wind disaster prevention and control facilities, flood prevention and control facilities, human and animal interference control facilities, and integrated sky-ground monitoring facilities.

[0058] Furthermore, the process units of landscape afforestation of national reserve forests include comprehensive felling, manual clearing, mechanical clearing, mechanized full reclamation, mixed afforestation, thinning, conventional extensive tending, forest road construction, smart forestry facilities, water storage and moisture conservation facilities, fire prevention and control facilities, pest and disease prevention and control facilities, flood prevention and control facilities, human and animal interference control facilities and integrated sky-ground monitoring facilities;

[0059] Forest park landscape afforestation includes block felling, manual clearing, mechanical clearing, manual digging, replanting, landscape thinning, conventional extensive tending, forest road construction, recreational facilities construction, water supply and drainage facilities, lighting facilities, smart forestry facilities, fire prevention and control facilities, pest and disease prevention and control facilities, frost damage prevention and control facilities, wind disaster prevention and control facilities, flood prevention and control facilities, human and animal interference control facilities and integrated sky-ground monitoring facilities;

[0060] The landscape afforestation of the forest health care base includes block felling, manual clearing, mechanical clearing, manual digging, replanting, landscape thinning, precision intensive cultivation, forest road construction, recreational facilities construction, water supply and drainage facilities, lighting facilities, smart forestry facilities, fire prevention and control facilities, pest and disease prevention and control facilities, frost damage prevention and control facilities, wind disaster prevention and control facilities, flood prevention and control facilities, and human and animal interference control facilities;

[0061] The transformation of low-efficiency artificial forest landscapes includes block felling, manual clearing, mechanical clearing, manual digging, afforestation on the spot, replanting, selective felling, forest phase transformation, precision intensive tending, forest road construction, smart forestry facilities, water storage and moisture conservation facilities, fire prevention and control facilities, pest and disease prevention and control facilities, frost damage prevention and control facilities, wind disaster prevention and control facilities, flood prevention and control facilities, human and animal interference control facilities and integrated sky-ground monitoring facilities;

[0062] The transformation of low-efficiency ecological public welfare forest landscape includes block felling, manual clearing, mechanical clearing, manual digging, afforestation on the spot, replanting, selective felling, forest phase transformation, closure and cultivation, precision intensive cultivation, forest road construction, smart forestry facilities, water storage and moisture conservation facilities, fire prevention and control facilities, pest and disease prevention and control facilities, frost damage prevention and control facilities, wind disaster prevention and control facilities, flood prevention and control facilities, human and animal interference control facilities and integrated sky-ground monitoring facilities;

[0063] Furthermore, the accounting methods for all material inputs, energy consumption, GHG emissions, etc. in all production stages and process unit activities in the landscape afforestation and landscape transformation of national reserve forests, forest parks, forest health care bases, low-efficiency plantations and ecological public welfare forests include purpose and scope, system boundaries and functional units: each system boundary is as follows: Figure 3-Figure 9 shown.

[0064] The life cycle goal and scope (Goal and Scope) refers to: (I) the goal is to generate a detailed greenhouse gas inventory for the landscape afforestation and landscape transformation plan of national reserve forests, forest parks, forest health care bases, low-efficiency plantations and ecological public welfare forests; (II) the scope includes the inputs and outputs of the two life cycle sub-stages of afforestation and infrastructure construction;

[0065] The life cycle system boundary (SB) includes all fuel, electricity, chemicals, fertilizers, consumables, labor, and material production inputs and transportation from afforestation to infrastructure construction;

[0066] The functional unit (FU) of the life cycle refers to: (I) the functional unit of the afforestation sub-stage is 1 hectare of landscape afforestation area; (II) the functional unit of the infrastructure construction sub-stage is 1 square meter of building area.

[0067] Furthermore, determine the input list and output list of the life cycle, including:

[0068] (a) The production information is obtained from suppliers, production records, financial statements, field interviews and surveys, etc.;

[0069] (b) The life cycle input inventory includes obtaining data on afforestation area, infrastructure construction area, and use of fuel, electricity, chemicals, fertilizers, consumables, labor and material transportation:

[0070] (c) The output inventory of each life cycle sub-stage includes all wastes generated from the afforestation to infrastructure construction sub-stages.

[0071] Furthermore, the calculation method, emission factor and allocation rule of each life cycle carbon emission are determined, and the carbon footprint of forest landscape afforestation life cycle is constructed using the accounting model, including:

[0072] (a) The construction of the carbon emission accounting model includes carbon emission accounting modeling for fuel use, electricity use, chemical use, fertilizer use, consumables use, labor use and material transportation, where:

[0073] (I) The carbon emission accounting model for electricity use has the following formula:

[0074] E 电力 =G 电力 ×EF 电力

[0075] Among them, E 电力 CO2 emissions corresponding to the electricity used by the functional unit (kgCO2 / FU);

[0076] G 电力 The power used by the functional unit (KWh); EF 电力 Emission factors for electricity production

[0077] (kgCO2 / KWh);

[0078] (II) The formula for calculating carbon emissions from fuel use is:

[0079]

[0080] Among them, E 燃料 CO2 emissions corresponding to the fuel used by the functional unit (kgCO2 / FU);

[0081] U ma is the fuel a consumption per unit time of machine m, in liters per hour (L / h); efm is the energy conversion efficiency of machine m; Tm is the working time of machine m, in hours (h); EFa is the greenhouse gas emission factor of fuel a, in kilograms of carbon dioxide equivalent per kilojoule (kgCO2e / KJ); Qa is the average lower calorific value of fuel a, in kilojoules per liter (KJ / L);

[0082] (III) The carbon emission accounting model for consumables use has the following formula:

[0083]

[0084] Among them, E 耗材 is the CO2 emission corresponding to the use of consumables by the functional unit (kgCO2 / FU); ADx is the use activity data of material x, in kg; f is the recovery factor of material x; EFx is the greenhouse gas emission factor generated by consumable x, in kgCO2e / kg; (IV) The carbon emission accounting model for fertilizer use has the formula:

[0085]

[0086] Among them, E 肥料 is the CO2 emission corresponding to the use of fertilizer in the functional unit (kgCO2 / FU); Ax is the application area of ​​fertilizer x, in hectares (hm 2 ); Mx is the amount of fertilizer x applied per unit area at a time, in kg / ha / time; fx is the average number of fertilization times of fertilizer x, in times; EFx is the greenhouse gas emission factor produced by fertilizer x, in (kgCO2e / kg);

[0087] (V) The formula for modeling carbon emissions from chemical use is:

[0088]

[0089] Among them, E 化学品 is the CO2 emission corresponding to the use of chemicals in the functional unit (kgCO2 / FU); ADx is the use activity data of chemical x, in kg; EFx is the greenhouse gas emission factor generated by chemical x, in kgCO2e / kg;

[0090] (VI) The formula for calculating carbon emissions from artificial use is:

[0091]

[0092] Among them, E 人工 CO2 emissions corresponding to the use of labor in the functional unit (kgCO2 / FU);

[0093] E 人工 It refers to the emission factor of manpower input; P1 is the number of people involved in a certain activity per unit area; T1 refers to the number of days that the number of people involved in a certain activity needs to work per unit time (the daily working hours are 8 hours);

[0094] (VII) The modeling formula for calculating carbon emissions from material transportation is as follows:

[0095] E 运输 =MT×GT×ETT

[0096] Among them, E 运输 CO2 emissions corresponding to the electricity used by the functional unit (kgCO2 / FU);

[0097] G T is the weight of the transport functional unit (t); G T is the functional unit transportation distance (km); EF T is the transport production emission factor (kgCO2e / (t·km);

[0098] (b) The calculation method for carbon emissions during each life cycle of forest landscape afforestation is as follows:

[0099] Etotle=E1+E2

[0100] Among them, E totle is the total carbon footprint of landscape afforestation (CO2e / yr or CO2e / FU), E1 is the product carbon footprint of the afforestation sub-stage, and E2 is the product carbon footprint of the forestry facility construction sub-stage, where: (I) The product carbon footprint of the afforestation sub-stage E1 refers to the total amount of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions caused by the environmental resources and energy consumed in all production processes in the afforestation sub-stage, and is modeled using the following formula:

[0101] E1=E 燃料 +E 耗材 +E 肥料 +E 化学品 +E 人工 +E 运输 (II) The product carbon footprint E2 of the forestry facility construction sub-stage refers to the total amount of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions caused by environmental resources and energy consumed in all production processes of the forestry facility sub-stage, which is modeled by the following formula:

[0102] E2=E 电力 +E 燃料 +E 耗材 +E 人工 +E 运输

[0103] (c) The emission factor refers to the emission intensity per unit input, which is obtained through literature, reports, Ecoinvent database, ELCD database, CLCD database, CPCD database, GaBi database, etc.;

[0104] (d) The allocation rule refers to the material allocation and process activity allocation of carbon emissions throughout the life cycle of forest landscape afforestation. Material allocation includes the use of fuel, electricity, fertilizers, chemicals, consumables, labor, and material transportation, which are associated with specific process activity trajectories; process activity allocation includes identifying specific activities in the life cycle stage of landscape afforestation, allocating corresponding environmental loads based on the carbon emission results of the activities, and constructing the carbon footprint of the forest landscape afforestation life cycle;

[0105] Further, life cycle product carbon footprint analysis and sensitivity analysis, including:

[0106] (a) Product carbon footprint analysis refers to the statistical analysis, calculation, composition and comparison of the life cycle carbon emission inventory, including (I) emission proportion and emission source analysis, (II) activity footprint analysis and (III) environmental impact assessment, among which:

[0107] (I) Emission proportion and emission source analysis refers to the comparative evaluation of the emission proportion and emission source of each sub-stage of the life cycle carbon emission inventory to determine the sub-stage with the largest contribution to carbon emissions;

[0108] (II) Activity footprint analysis refers to the comparative assessment of the emissions of each process activity in the life cycle carbon emission inventory, and the analysis of the contribution of the product to the carbon footprint of the relevant specific activities;

[0109] (III) Environmental impact assessment means a comprehensive assessment of the environmental impact of a product from the acquisition of raw materials, production, use to final disposal or recycling, mainly considering the global warming potential (GWP), which is a measure of how much infrared thermal radiation a greenhouse gas absorbs after being released into the atmosphere within a specific time frame, relative to the radiation absorbed by the same mass of carbon dioxide (CO2), which is calculated by multiplying the GWP by the mass of the other gas, which is 25 for CH4 and 298 for N2O; this impact assessment is limited to the three main greenhouse gas emissions: CO2, CH4 and N2O;

[0110] (b) Sensitivity analysis refers to the evaluation of the sensitivity of the model or research results to changes in input parameters, including: (I) Impact of parameter changes: evaluating the impact on the product carbon footprint results when key input parameters (such as energy consumption, raw material usage, transportation distance, etc.) change; (II) Uncertainty assessment: quantifying how the uncertainty of the input data affects the calculated carbon footprint results by determining the confidence interval of the input parameters; (III) Scenario analysis: evaluating the potential changes in the product carbon footprint under different scenarios by changing one or more parameters to understand which factors have a significant impact on the results.

[0111] The embodiments described above are only descriptions of the preferred modes of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Without departing from the design spirit of the present invention, various deformations, modifications, and substitutions made to the technical solutions of the present invention by ordinary technicians in this field should all fall within the protection scope determined by the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. The method for calculating carbon emissions during the entire life cycle of forest landscape afforestation is characterized by: The following steps are involved: (a) Forest landscape afforestation is divided into new afforestation and landscape transformation. Landscape transformation includes national reserve forest landscape afforestation, forest park landscape afforestation, forest health care base landscape afforestation, low-efficiency artificial forest landscape transformation and low-efficiency ecological public welfare forest landscape transformation; (b) Divide the life cycle sub-stages of forest landscape afforestation and identify the process units of the life cycle; (c) Determine the objectives, system boundaries and functional units of the forest landscape afforestation life cycle; (d) Determine the input and output lists of the life cycle of forest landscape afforestation based on the production information of forest landscape afforestation; (e) Construct a carbon emission accounting model for the entire life cycle of forest landscape afforestation, determine the calculation method, emission factor and allocation rule for each life cycle of carbon emissions, and construct the carbon footprint of forest landscape afforestation life cycle; (f) Conduct carbon footprint analysis and sensitivity analysis of the forest landscape afforestation life cycle, and analyze emission proportions and data quality.

2. The method for calculating carbon emissions during the entire life cycle of forest landscape afforestation according to claim 1 is characterized by: New afforestation refers to the process of establishing or restoring forests on sparse woodlands, shrub lands, ruins, and other lands planned for afforestation and greening. Landscape transformation refers to the integration of original forest resources and landscape improvement based on different forest types and with ecological landscape as the core.

3. The method for calculating carbon emissions during the entire life cycle of forest landscape afforestation according to claim 1 is characterized by: The life cycle stages of forest landscape afforestation include: the afforestation sub-stage and the forestry facility construction sub-stage; The afforestation stage includes the process of building or restoring forests on sparse woodlands, shrub lands, ruins, and other lands planned for afforestation and greening, including the three processes of land preparation, afforestation, and tending; The forestry facilities construction sub-stage includes: infrastructure construction work, including two processes: infrastructure construction and forest protection facilities construction.

4. The method for calculating carbon emissions during the entire life cycle of forest landscape afforestation according to claim 1 is characterized by: Landscape afforestation of national reserve forests includes: comprehensive felling, manual clearing, mechanical clearing, mechanized cultivation, mixed afforestation, thinning, conventional extensive tending, forest road construction, smart forestry facilities, water storage and moisture conservation facilities, fire prevention and control facilities, pest and disease prevention and control facilities, flood prevention and control facilities, human and animal interference control facilities and integrated sky-ground monitoring facilities; Forest park landscape afforestation includes: block felling, manual clearing, mechanical clearing, manual digging, replanting, landscape thinning, conventional extensive tending, forest road construction, recreational facilities construction, water supply and drainage facilities, lighting facilities, smart forestry facilities, fire prevention and control facilities, pest and disease prevention and control facilities, frost damage prevention and control facilities, wind disaster prevention and control facilities, flood prevention and control facilities, human and animal interference control facilities and integrated sky-ground monitoring facilities; The landscape afforestation of the forest health care base includes: block felling, manual clearing, mechanical clearing, manual digging, replanting and reforestation, landscape thinning, precision intensive tending, forest road construction, recreational facilities construction, water supply and drainage facilities, lighting facilities, smart forestry facilities, fire prevention and control facilities, pest and disease prevention and control facilities, frost damage prevention and control facilities, wind disaster prevention and control facilities, flood prevention and control facilities, and human and animal interference control facilities; The transformation of low-efficiency artificial forest landscapes includes: block felling, manual clearing, mechanical clearing, manual digging, afforestation on the spot, replanting, selective felling, forest phase transformation, precision intensive tending, forest road construction, smart forestry facilities, water storage and moisture conservation facilities, fire prevention and control facilities, pest and disease prevention and control facilities, frost damage prevention and control facilities, wind disaster prevention and control facilities, flood prevention and control facilities, human and animal interference control facilities and integrated sky-ground monitoring facilities; The landscape transformation of inefficient ecological public welfare forests includes: block felling, manual clearing, mechanical clearing, manual digging, on-site afforestation, replanting and reforestation, selective felling, forest phase transformation, closure and cultivation, precise intensive cultivation, forest road construction, smart forestry facilities, water storage and moisture conservation facilities, fire prevention and control facilities, pest and disease control facilities, frost damage control facilities, wind disaster prevention and control facilities, flood prevention and control facilities, human and animal interference control facilities and integrated sky-ground monitoring facilities.

5. The method for calculating carbon emissions during the entire life cycle of forest landscape afforestation according to claim 1 is characterized by: The objectives of the forest landscape afforestation life cycle include: generating a detailed greenhouse gas inventory for landscape afforestation and landscape transformation plans for national reserve forests, forest parks, forest health care bases, low-efficiency plantations and ecological public welfare forests; the scope includes inputs and outputs of the two life cycle sub-stages of afforestation and infrastructure construction; The system boundary of the forest landscape afforestation life cycle includes: all fuel, electricity, chemicals, fertilizers, consumables use and labor and material production inputs and transportation from the afforestation sub-stage to infrastructure construction; The functional units of the forest landscape afforestation life cycle include: the functional unit of the afforestation sub-stage is 1 hectare of landscape afforestation area; the functional unit of the infrastructure construction sub-stage is 1 square meter of building area.

6. The method for calculating carbon emissions during the entire life cycle of forest landscape afforestation according to claim 1 is characterized by: Determine the inventory of inputs and outputs of the life cycle of afforestation in forest landscapes, including: Acquisition of production information, including from suppliers, production records, financial statements, field interviews and surveys; Input list: including obtaining data on afforestation area, infrastructure construction area, and use of fuel, electricity, chemicals, fertilizers, consumables, labor and material transportation; The output inventory includes all waste generated during the sub-phases from afforestation to infrastructure construction.

7. The method for calculating carbon emissions during the entire life cycle of forest landscape afforestation according to claim 1 is characterized by: Determine the calculation method, emission factor and allocation rule of each life cycle carbon emission, and use the accounting model to construct the life cycle carbon footprint of forest landscape afforestation, including: The construction of carbon emission accounting model includes carbon emission accounting modeling of fuel use, electricity use, chemical use, fertilizer use, consumables use, labor use and material transportation, among which: Electricity use carbon emission accounting modeling: E 电力 =G 电力 ×EF 电力 Among them, E 电力 G is the CO2 emissions corresponding to the electricity used by the functional unit; 电力 Power used by functional units; EF 电力 is the emission factor for electricity production; Fuel use carbon emission accounting modeling: Among them, E 燃料 The CO2 emissions corresponding to the fuel used by the functional unit; U ma is the fuel a consumption per unit time of machine m; efm is the energy conversion efficiency of machine m; Tm is the working time of machine m; EFa is the greenhouse gas emission factor of fuel a; Qa is the average low calorific value of fuel a; Carbon emission accounting modeling of consumables use: Among them, E 耗材 is the CO2 emission corresponding to the use of consumables by the functional unit; ADx is the usage activity data of material x; f is the recovery factor of material x; EFx is the emission factor of greenhouse gases generated by consumable x; Carbon emission accounting modeling of fertilizer use: Among them, E 肥料 is the CO2 emission corresponding to the use of fertilizers in the functional unit; Ax is the application area of ​​fertilizer x; Mx is the amount of fertilizer x applied per unit area at a time; fx is the average number of fertilization times of fertilizer x; EFx is the emission factor of greenhouse gases produced by fertilizer x; Modeling of carbon emissions from chemical use: AND 化学品 =∑ i (TO x ×EF x ) Among them, E 化学品 is the CO2 emission corresponding to the use of chemicals in the functional unit; ADx is the use activity data of chemical x; EFx is the emission factor of greenhouse gases generated by chemical x; The formula for artificial carbon emission accounting modeling is: Among them, E 人工 E is the CO2 emission corresponding to the use of manpower in the functional unit; 人工 It refers to the emission factor of manpower input; P1 is the number of people involved in a certain activity per unit area; T1 refers to the number of days that the number of people involved in a certain activity needs to work per unit time; Carbon emission accounting modeling for material transportation: HAVE BEEN 运输 =M T ×G T ×EF T Among them, E 运输 G is the CO2 emissions corresponding to the electricity used by the functional unit; T is the weight of the transport functional unit; G T EF is the functional unit transportation distance; T Produce emission factors for transportation; Calculation of carbon emissions during each life cycle of forest landscape afforestation: THE totle =E1+E2 Among them, E totle is the total carbon footprint of landscape afforestation, E1 is the carbon footprint of products in the afforestation sub-stage, and E2 is the carbon footprint of products in the forestry facility construction sub-stage, where: The carbon footprint of products in the afforestation sub-stage, E1, is modeled using the following formula: E1=E 燃料 +E 耗材 +E 肥料 +E 化学品 +E 人工 +E 运输 The product carbon footprint E2 of the forestry facility construction sub-stage is modeled using the following formula: E2=E 电力 +E 燃料 +E 耗材 +E 人工 +E 运输 。 8. The method for calculating carbon emissions during the entire life cycle of forest landscape afforestation according to claim 1 is characterized by: Conduct carbon footprint analysis and sensitivity analysis of forest landscape afforestation life cycle, including: Carbon footprint analysis includes statistics, analysis, calculation, composition and comparison of life cycle carbon emission inventory, including emission proportion and emission source analysis, activity footprint analysis and environmental impact assessment. Sensitivity analysis includes the evaluation of the sensitivity of the model or research results to changes in input parameters, including: the impact of parameter changes, uncertainty assessment, and scenario analysis.

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