Method for accurately constructing artificial oyster reef and improving habitat function

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for accurately constructing an artificial oyster reef and improving a habitat function, and relates to the field of artificial ecosystems, and the method comprises the following steps: S1, 3D scanning of a natural oyster reef; s2, integrating natural textures to increase surface complexity and enhance a flow field; s3, 3D technology and design optimization model conversion and concrete forming are carried out; and S4, testing the flow field and the biological adaptability. According to the method, the 3D scanning technology is utilized, natural texture surfaces of the oyster reef in different development stages are copied, scanning is carried out in the whole process from initial attachment of oysters to final reef body forming, optimization and improvement are carried out according to a scanning model to obtain the artificial reef body, natural textures are reserved on the surface of the obtained artificial reef body to the maximum extent, and the artificial reef body is more attractive. The surface roughness of the reef body is remarkably improved, more attachment opportunities are provided for oysters, algae and other attachment organisms, the accelerated attachment process is beneficial to forming oyster reefs more quickly, and therefore recovery of the oyster habitat is accelerated.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a method for constructing an artificial ecosystem, and in particular to a method for accurately constructing an artificial oyster reef and improving habitat functions. Background Art

[0002] Oyster reef is a natural habitat formed by the growth, reproduction and clustering of individual oysters. Oysters are bivalve molluscs with hard shells. They attach to hard substrates such as rocks and seabeds through their shells, overlapping each other and gradually forming a complex three-dimensional structure. Artificial oyster reef is an artificial ecosystem built by humans that imitates the structure of natural oyster reefs. It usually promotes the aggregation and reproduction of oysters by placing substrates suitable for oyster attachment and growth (such as concrete blocks, shell piles, cages, etc.), gradually forming new oyster reefs.

[0003] In the context of global overexploitation of marine resources, reduction of fishery resources and degradation of marine ecosystems, artificial reefs, as an important means of marine ecological restoration, have received more and more attention. Artificial reefs can provide habitats and breeding grounds, increase the diversity and quantity of marine organisms, and thus promote the proliferation of fishery resources and the stability of the ecosystem. In the existing technology, the surface roughness design of traditional artificial reefs generally adopts the following methods:

[0004] Method 1: Add rough materials or texture coatings: By adding rough materials (such as sand, gravel, shell fragments) to the concrete surface or adding texture molds during pouring, a certain degree of roughness is formed so that organisms can attach more easily;

[0005] Method 2: Adding complex structures to the design: Some artificial reef structures introduce hollow and uneven structures to form rough flow fields and attachment surfaces locally.

[0006] However, although method one is simple to operate, its roughness is low and uneven, and its adhesion effect is limited. Method two has limited control over surface roughness, and it is difficult to achieve fine textures at the microscopic scale, which affects the effect of improving biodiversity. Moreover, the reef plates produced by the above two methods have little impact on the nearby flow field, and turbulence and separation phenomena are not obvious, making it difficult to have a significant improvement effect on the water body. Summary of the invention

[0007] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for accurately constructing artificial oyster reefs and improving habitat functions, so as to solve the problems raised in the above background technology.

[0008] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a method for accurately constructing an artificial oyster reef and improving habitat functions, comprising the following steps:

[0009] S1. 3D scanning of natural oyster reefs: First, 3D scanning technology is used to accurately collect the surface structure and natural texture of oyster reefs at different development stages, including surface features from the early attachment stage of oysters to the mature reef formation stage. The original data of the rough surface of natural reefs is obtained through high-precision 3D scanners. The obtained natural texture information is processed through 3D modeling software to finally obtain a digital model;

[0010] S2. Integration of natural textures and optimization of flow field effects: Integrate the processed digital model of natural textures into the design of artificial reefs. Use modeling software such as SolidWorks to superimpose and integrate natural textures onto the surface of traditional concrete reefs to form a 3D model with complex surface roughness. At the same time, numerical simulation is used to study the impact of surface roughness on the hydrodynamic environment (flow field structure, turbulence characteristics, etc.) around artificial reefs to provide guidance for optimized design.

[0011] S3. 3D model conversion and concrete forming: After completing the 3D digital model design, the digital model is converted into a surface template for the reef through customized molds or 3D printing technology. The surface template with complex texture is embedded in the concrete pouring process to ensure that the surface of the artificial reef truly restores the complex natural texture features designed, thereby obtaining an artificial reef with high-precision natural roughness.

[0012] S4. Flow field and biological adaptability test: After the artificial reef is prepared, it is comprehensively verified through biological attachment experiments and physical model tank flow field tests. By observing the biological attachment and measuring the flow field parameters, the actual improvement effect of the complex rough surface on the ecological effect and hydrodynamic characteristics is tested, and the design is further evaluated and optimized based on the test results.

[0013] As a preferred technical implementation scheme of the present invention, when integrating the natural texture model scanned and obtained in step S1 in step S2, the following process is included:

[0014] a1. Texture enhancement: appropriately enhance the scanned surface texture to ensure that the microscopic features of the natural texture can be truly reproduced during the concrete forming process;

[0015] a2. Structural adjustment: According to the molding requirements of concrete materials, the surface results are adaptively adjusted to ensure that the artificial fish reef has sufficient strength and durability after molding;

[0016] a3. Hydrodynamic optimization: analyze the potential impact of rough surfaces on the surrounding water flow field, and optimize the model to increase the complexity and turbulence characteristics of the hydrodynamic flow field around the reef, thereby providing a more suitable microenvironment for the biological community.

[0017] As a preferred technical implementation scheme of the present invention, the designed artificial reef is tested in step S4, including: biological attachment experiment and flow field test. The rough surface design is evaluated and optimized according to the test results, with the focus on: appropriately adjusting the surface roughness to optimize the reef structure and enhance the habitat function of the artificial reef.

[0018] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0019] The present invention uses 3D scanning technology to scan the natural texture surface of oyster reefs at different development stages, and the entire process from the initial attachment of oysters to the final reef formation is recorded. Based on the optimization and improvement of the scanning model, the artificial reef obtained can retain the natural texture characteristics to the maximum extent, significantly improve the surface roughness of the reef, and provide more attachment points for oysters, algae and other attached organisms, thereby accelerating the formation of oyster reefs and the restoration of habitats. In addition, the complex surface texture and porous structure of the artificial reef obtained by this method also have the function of effectively dissipating wave energy, which can reduce the risk of storm surges and coastal erosion, and provide multiple functions that integrate ecological restoration and protection.

[0020] At the same time, the reef obtained by the present invention can optimize the surrounding hydrodynamics and form a microenvironment suitable for marine life. Its complex surface affects the flow field environment in a large range, produces significant turbulence and backflow areas, and helps to strengthen the mixing process in the water body and the redistribution of local nutrients and particulate organic matter (POM). Strong turbulence and backflow can enhance the suspension capacity of particles, reduce sedimentation, and keep nutrients and particles in the water body in a high active state, which is conducive to maintaining and promoting the sustainability of the ecosystem. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0021] Figure 1 The natural texture acquisition and structure design flow chart of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 2 This is a comparison diagram of the placement effects of a traditional concrete structure and a structure with natural textures of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 3 It is a flow field comparison diagram of a traditional concrete structure and a natural texture structure of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0024] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0025] See also Figure 1-3 The present invention provides a technical solution for a method for accurately constructing an artificial oyster reef and improving habitat functions, comprising the following steps:

[0026] S1. 3D scanning of natural oyster reefs: First, 3D scanning technology is used to accurately capture the surface structure and natural texture of oyster reefs at different development stages, including the early attachment stage of oysters and the mature reef morphology. The scanning process makes it possible to conduct a detailed analysis of the dynamic changes in the structure during the attachment and growth of oysters. The 3D scanning technology is used to perform high-precision scanning of natural reefs or rough seabed surfaces to obtain surface data with complex textures and structures, and the collected surface texture data is processed by 3D modeling software to obtain a digital model;

[0027] These natural surfaces contain subtle convex and concave structures, micropores and gaps that can simulate real natural habitats. These natural textures provide key benefits for biological attachment and habitat complexity. Artificial reef design can effectively simulate these features. By integrating the complex textures of natural oyster reefs into artificial structures, digital models that can be used for artificial reef structure design are generated, thereby promoting the attachment and growth of oysters and other marine organisms. 3D scanning can capture sufficiently subtle surface details to maximize the complexity and ecological adaptability of natural textures during the imitation process. By combining 3D modeling and bionic design, the complexity of artificial design and manufacturing is reduced, costs are reduced, and effective simulation of the functions of natural oyster reefs is achieved, promoting sustainable marine habitat restoration and protection.

[0028] S2. Integration of natural textures to increase surface complexity and enhance flow field: Digital models of natural textures obtained through scanning are integrated into the design of artificial reefs. SolidWorks software is used to apply these textures to the surface of traditional concrete reefs to obtain 3D models.

[0029] Compared to traditional artificial reef designs, the addition of these textures significantly increases surface roughness, providing more attachment opportunities for oysters, algae, and other attached organisms. This accelerated attachment process helps to form oyster reefs more quickly, thereby accelerating the recovery of oyster habitats.

[0030] The process of integrating the natural texture model includes:

[0031] Texture enhancement: The scanned surface texture is appropriately enhanced to ensure that its microscopic features can be restored during the concrete forming process, so that the artificial oyster reef can accurately simulate the natural texture of the natural oyster reef, making the surface microstructure close to the natural environment, greatly improving the efficiency of biological attachment;

[0032] Structural adjustment: The surface structure is adjusted to adapt to the molding characteristics of the concrete material to ensure that it has sufficient strength and durability during construction. The porous material mixed with concrete and oyster shell powder is used to ensure the durability of the structure and improve its compatibility with the surrounding environment;

[0033] Hydrodynamic optimization: Analyze the impact of rough surfaces on the surrounding water flow field and make appropriate adjustments to the model to enhance the complexity and turbulence of the hydrodynamics around the reefs, and provide a suitable microenvironment for the biological community. Through fine surface structure optimization, artificial oyster reefs can form a more complex and favorable flow field environment, form local fluid turbulence, improve the distribution of nutrients, and promote the rapid colonization and growth of organisms;

[0034] Finally, a 3D model suitable for concrete molding is formed. The optimized digital model not only maintains the unique surface structure of the natural rough surface, but also can effectively adapt to the material and engineering requirements of artificial reefs.

[0035] S3. 3D technology and design optimization model conversion and concrete forming: After completing the 3D model design, the digital model is converted into a surface template of the fish reef through mold making or 3D printing technology. The rough surface template is generated by 3D printing, and then these rough textures are embedded during concrete pouring to achieve a high-precision natural texture surface and obtain an artificial fish reef with a natural rough surface;

[0036] The complex surface features of artificial oyster reefs, including bumps and depressions designed with natural textures, have a significant wave energy dissipation effect. When deployed offshore, artificial reefs not only support habitat restoration, but also contribute to coastal protection. The artificial reef structure is made of concrete mixed with oyster shell powder. The porous structure of the mixture of concrete and oyster shell powder further increases the surface complexity and helps dissipate wave energy. This energy dissipation reduces the impact of storm surges and coastal erosion, making these structures particularly useful in responding to sea level rise caused by climate change. The porosity of the concrete-oyster shell powder mixture is essential for creating micro-habitats, reducing hydrodynamic forces, and promoting oyster attachment and growth. This helps to effectively restore oyster habitats while enhancing the long-term resilience of the coast.

[0037] S4. Flow field and biological adaptability test: After the artificial reef is completed, the obtained artificial reef is subjected to biological attachment experiment and flow field test to verify the ecological effect of the rough surface in the actual water environment. The test contents include:

[0038] Biological attachment experiment: Conduct long-term biological attachment tests on hanging boards or reef bodies under actual sea conditions to observe the attachment of different types of marine organisms (such as algae, shellfish, etc.) on rough surfaces and evaluate the attractiveness of rough surface textures to biological communities;

[0039] Flow field test: Use physical model flume tests or flow field numerical simulation tests to analyze the turbulence level and velocity distribution of water flow around fish reefs to verify the optimization effect of rough surfaces on hydrodynamics. By creating a complex flow field around the reef, a microenvironment suitable for marine life is formed to ensure that the fish reef has a sustainable ecological support function. The optimized reef structure design forms a more complex and more suitable flow field environment around the reef. This enhanced flow field improves the distribution of nutrients and helps the colonization of marine organisms, thereby enhancing the functionality of the reef as a habitat;

[0040] Based on the results of biological attachment experiments and flow field tests, the rough surface design was evaluated and optimized. Through iterative optimization, the attachment effect of the rough surface and the flow field optimization effect were further improved to ensure that the artificial reefs can achieve the best ecological function in actual applications. The specific improvement directions include:

[0041] Adjust surface roughness: Adjust the microscopic features of the rough surface, such as protrusion height, pore size, etc., based on experimental results to enhance biodiversity and attachment rate;

[0042] Optimize the flow field structure: Based on the flow field analysis results of artificial oyster reefs with different surface roughness constructed by computational fluid dynamics, adjust the reef surface structure parameters (such as roughness height, porosity, and concave-convex characteristics) to enhance local turbulence and improve the suspension and mixing of nutrients and organic particles; by changing the pores and opening methods, create a microenvironment that is conducive to organisms avoiding strong currents or excessive shear forces.

[0043] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations may be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, and that the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A method for accurately constructing artificial oyster reefs and improving habitat functions, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1, 3D scanning of natural oyster reefs; S2, natural texture integration to increase surface complexity and enhance flow field; S3, 3D technology and design optimization model conversion and concrete forming; S4. Flow field and biocompatibility test.

2. A method for accurately constructing artificial oyster reefs and improving habitat functions according to claim 1, characterized in that: When the natural texture model obtained by scanning in step S1 is integrated in step S2, the following process is included: a1. Texture enhancement; a2. Structural adjustment; a3. Hydrodynamic optimization.

3. The method for accurately constructing artificial oyster reefs and improving habitat functions according to claim 1, characterized in that: The test in step S4 includes: biological attachment experiment and flow field test, and after the test, the rough surface design is evaluated and optimized according to the test results, wherein the specific optimization directions include: adjusting the surface roughness and optimizing the flow field structure.

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