Fishway and regulation and control method thereof

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of water conservancy and hydropower engineering, in particular to a fishway and a regulation and control method thereof. The fishway comprises an overflowing channel composed of fishway side walls and a fishway bottom plate, and a sliding rod is installed in a straight section of the overflowing channel and is parallel to the overflowing channel. A plurality of partition plates are arranged on the sliding rod in series and are in sliding fit with the sliding rod, and the two end faces and the bottom faces of the partition plates are in sliding fit with the inner wall face of the overflowing channel. The sliding rod is provided with a plurality of pin holes, the pin holes are evenly distributed in the axial direction of the sliding rod at intervals, and stop pins are inserted into the pin holes. A plurality of water and fish passing holes are formed in the partition plate, and an opening and closing structure is arranged on each water and fish passing hole and used for closing or opening the water and fish passing hole. According to the fishway provided by the invention, the problems that the number of fishway pond chambers and the flow state of the fishway pond chambers cannot be adjusted in the prior art are solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of water conservancy and hydropower engineering, and in particular to a fishway and a control method thereof. Background Art

[0002] The fishway is a connecting passage consisting of stepped chambers connecting the upstream and downstream water bodies of the fish obstacle, mainly including the flow passage and the fishway partition that divides the flow passage into several chambers. The partition is an important water retaining and energy dissipating device of the fishway, which plays the function of controlling the water depth, flow rate and flow velocity.

[0003] In the prior art, there are many relevant patent applications in the field of fishways.

[0004] For example, the patent application with publication number CN118854862A discloses a multi-vertical slit fishway with V-shaped baffles and short baffles. By rationally arranging the V-shaped baffles and short baffles, the water flow is divided and converged after entering the fishway, so that the water flow is fully mixed, effectively dispersing the water flow energy, reducing the flow velocity and turbulent kinetic energy in the pool room, etc. Two symmetrically distributed vertical slit channels are provided in the pool room, which can adapt to the changes in different water levels, meet the migration needs of different fish, and improve the efficiency of the fishway.

[0005] Another example is a patent application with announcement number CN204940222U that discloses a double-sided vertical slit fishway structure, including a fishway side wall and a pool chamber, wherein the pool chamber is divided by an upper partition and a lower partition arranged on the inner side of the fishway side wall, a middle guide plate is arranged between the upper partition and the lower partition, and the middle guide plate is arranged in a staggered manner with the upper partition and the lower partition, and the two ends of the middle guide plate form vertical slits with the upper partition and the lower partition respectively. The utility model adopts a double vertical slit fishway to fully mix the water flow, and no swirling water flow is formed downstream of the guide plate or the partition, which can fully dissipate the energy of the water flow. At the same time, the double-sided vertical slits are set, which can greatly increase the probability of fish passing through. Fish can effectively pass through the vertical slits and migrate to the upstream, thereby achieving the expected effect of the fishway setting and reducing the impact of hydropower and water conservancy projects on fish migration.

[0006] For another example, a patent application with publication number CN102747716A discloses a vertical-slit fishway structure, comprising a fishway side wall and a partition structure, wherein the partition structure is arranged on the side wall, and the partition structure divides the fishway into a plurality of chambers, and the partition structure comprises a long partition and a short partition, wherein the long partition is arranged opposite to the short partition, and a vertical chamber slit is reserved between the long partition and the short partition, and the chambers are interconnected via the vertical chamber slit; a hook-shaped pier is arranged at one end of the long partition forming the vertical chamber slit.

[0007] However, in the fishway structure of the above-mentioned prior art, once the partition in the flow channel is fixed, the number of fishway chambers and the length of a single fishway chamber will remain fixed. Therefore, in the existing fishway structure, the number of fishway chambers and the length of a single fishway chamber cannot be adjusted, which makes it inconvenient to adjust the flow rate of the water flow in the fishway. Summary of the invention

[0008] The main purpose of the present invention is to provide a fishway and a control method thereof, aiming to solve the above technical problems.

[0009] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, on the one hand, the present invention proposes a fishway, including a flow channel formed by fishway side walls and a fishway bottom plate, a sliding rod is installed in the straight section of the flow channel, and the sliding rod is parallel to the flow channel; a plurality of partitions are strung on the sliding rod, the partitions are slidably matched with the sliding rod, and the two end surfaces and the bottom surface of the partitions are slidably matched with the inner wall surface of the flow channel; a plurality of pin holes are provided on the sliding rod, and the plurality of pin holes are evenly spaced along the axial direction of the sliding rod, and a stop pin is inserted in the pin hole; a plurality of water and fish passing holes are provided on the partition, and an opening and closing structure is provided on each water and fish passing hole, which is used to close or open the water and fish passing hole.

[0010] Preferably, the upstream end and the downstream end of the sliding rod are respectively fixed to the side walls of the fishway at the right-angle turning position of the flow channel.

[0011] Preferably, three slide rod holes are provided on the partition, two of which are located at the lower part of the partition, and the other slide rod hole is located at the middle position of the upper part of the partition, and the three slide rod holes are located at the three vertices of an isosceles triangle; the number of slide rods arranged in the straight section of the flow channel is three, and they are slidably inserted in the three slide rod holes respectively.

[0012] Preferably, the water-passing and fish-passing holes are vertically arranged rectangular holes, and the number of the water-passing and fish-passing holes arranged on each of the partitions is three, and the three water-passing and fish-passing holes are evenly spaced along the long direction of the partition.

[0013] Preferably, the opening and closing structure includes an upper card slot, a lower card slot and a plurality of door panels; the upper card slot and the lower card slot are respectively passed through the downstream side surface of the partition by screws; and the upper card slot and the lower card slot are respectively located above and below the water and fish holes; the upper and lower ends of the door panels are respectively slidably installed in the upper card slot and the lower card slot; the number of the door panels is equal to the number of the water and fish holes or one less than the number of the water and fish holes; the width of the door panel is greater than the width of the water and fish holes; and a handle is provided on the door panel.

[0014] Optionally, the opening and closing structure includes a cloth base belt and a cloth curtain; the cloth base belt is installed at the outer position of the water and fish hole through a pressure strip; cloth base belt chain teeth are arranged on the inner edge of the cloth base belt; cloth curtain chain teeth are arranged on the outer edge of the cloth curtain; the cloth base belt chain teeth and the cloth curtain chain teeth are engaged or disengaged with each other to achieve the merging or separation of the cloth curtain and the cloth base belt.

[0015] On the other hand, the present invention also provides a fishway control method, which is applicable to the above-mentioned fishway and includes the following process:

[0016] S1, changing the number of fishway chambers by adjusting the spacing of the partitions, and changing the length of a single fishway chamber;

[0017] S2. Regulate the opening and closing of the water and fish holes to control the flow velocity, water depth, flow rate and mainstream streamline in the flow channel.

[0018] Preferably, in the process S1, when it is necessary to reduce the number of fishway chambers and increase the length of a single fishway chamber, the operation method is as follows: slide the partition on the slide bar, bring two or more partitions together to form a partition assembly, adjust the position of the partition assembly on the slide bar, so that two adjacent partition assemblies are arranged at intervals to form a fishway chamber; when the partition assembly is adjusted into place, insert a stop pin on the slide bar, so that the stop pin abuts against the downstream side surface of the partition assembly;

[0019] When it is necessary to increase the number of fishway chambers or reduce the length of a single fishway chamber, the operation method is as follows: separate the partitions on the partition assembly from each other, adjust the positions of the partitions on the slide rod so that two adjacent partitions are spaced apart to form a fishway chamber; when the partitions are adjusted into place, insert a stop pin on the slide rod so that the stop pin rests on the downstream side surface of the partition.

[0020] Preferably, in the process S2, when adjusting the opening and closing of the water-passing and fish-passing holes, the water-passing and fish-passing holes are closed or opened by the opening and closing structure, so that one or more water-passing and fish-passing holes on the same partition are in a flow state.

[0021] Preferably, in the process S2, the water and fish passing holes opened on the upstream and downstream baffles of the fishway chamber are selected, and the mainstream streamline of the flow channel is changed by changing the angle between the center line of the opened water and fish passing holes and the cross-section of the flow channel.

[0022] Due to the adoption of the above technical solution, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0023] (1) In the fishway provided by the present invention, the partition is slidably matched with the slide rod, and the two end faces and the bottom face of the partition are slidably matched with the inner wall surface of the flow channel, so that the position of the partition on the slide rod can be adjusted. In actual use, when it is necessary to reduce the number of fishway pools or increase the length of a single fishway pool, two or more partitions can be brought together to form a partition assembly, and the position of the partition assembly on the slide rod is adjusted so that two adjacent partition assemblies are spaced apart to form a fishway pool. When it is necessary to increase the number of fishway pools or reduce the length of a single fishway pool, the partitions on the partition assembly are separated from each other, and the position of the partition on the slide rod is adjusted so that two adjacent partitions are spaced apart to form a fishway pool. Therefore, the fishway provided by the present invention overcomes the problem in the prior art that the number of fishway pools and the length of a single fishway pool cannot be adjusted.

[0024] (2) In the fishway provided by the present invention, since the length of the fishway chamber can be adjusted, the water level difference between the upstream and downstream ends of the fishway chamber can be adjusted, thereby changing the maximum flow rate of the water and fish holes in the fishway chamber, thereby providing a suitable flow rate for different types of fish and fish of different sizes.

[0025] (3) In the fishway provided by the present invention, since a plurality of water and fish passing holes are provided on the baffle, and an opening and closing structure is provided on each water and fish passing hole for closing or opening the water and fish passing hole, the flow area of ​​the baffle can be adjusted by adjusting the number of water and fish passing holes on the baffle, thereby changing the flow rate and water depth of the flow channel, thereby providing a guarantee for the adaptive management of the water flow conditions in the fishway and improving the fish passing effect of the fishway.

[0026] (4) In the fishway provided by the present invention, the main flow line of the flow channel can be changed by flexibly changing the angle between the center line of the water and fish holes opened on the upstream and downstream baffles of the fishway chamber and the cross-section of the flow channel, thereby providing the most suitable flow state of the flow channel for fish. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0027] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on the structures shown in these drawings without paying creative work.

[0028] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the fishway provided by the present invention;

[0029] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the partition in the present invention;

[0030] Figure 3A top view of the fishway provided by the present invention;

[0031] Figure 4 It is a structural schematic diagram of the slide bar and the partition plate in the present invention when they cooperate with each other;

[0032] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the structural decomposition of the door panel in the present invention;

[0033] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the structure after the partition plate of the present invention is installed and matched with the upper clamping groove and the lower clamping groove;

[0034] Figure 7 It is a structural schematic diagram of the present invention when a water and fish hole is closed by using a door plate;

[0035] Figure 8 It is a schematic diagram of the structure when the door plate is used to close the two water and fish holes in the present invention;

[0036] Fig. 9 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of using a cloth curtain to close two water and fish holes in the present invention;

[0037] Fig.10 It is a schematic diagram of adjusting the number of fishway chambers and adjusting the length of a single fishway chamber in the present invention;

[0038] Fig.11 It is a schematic diagram of a typical flow state of a flow channel that can be created by regulating the water and fish holes in the present invention.

[0039] Explanation of the accompanying drawings: 11. Fishway side wall; 12. Fishway bottom plate; 2. Partition; 2a. Partition assembly; 21. Water and fish passing hole; 22. Slide rod hole; 231. Upper card slot; 232. Lower card slot; 24. Fabric base belt; 241. Pressure strip; 242. Fabric base belt chain tooth; 3. Slide rod; 4. Door panel; 4a. Handle; 5. Cloth curtain; 51. Cloth curtain chain tooth; 6. Stop pin. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0040] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0041] It should be noted that all directional indications in the embodiments of the present invention (such as up, down, left, right, front, back, etc.) are only used to explain the relative position relationship, movement status, etc. between the components under a certain specific posture (as shown in the accompanying drawings). If the specific posture changes, the directional indication will also change accordingly.

[0042] In addition, the technical solutions between the various embodiments can be combined with each other, but it must be based on the fact that ordinary technicians in the field can implement it. When the combination of technical solutions is contradictory or cannot be implemented, it should be deemed that such combination of technical solutions does not exist and is not within the scope of protection required by the present invention.

[0043] Embodiment 1:

[0044] As shown in the accompanying drawings, a fishway includes a flow passage formed by a fishway side wall 11 and a fishway bottom plate 12, a slide bar 3 is installed in the straight section of the flow passage, and the slide bar 3 is parallel to the flow passage; a plurality of partitions 2 are arranged in series on the slide bar 3, the partitions 2 are slidably matched with the slide bar 3, and the two end faces and the bottom face of the partition 2 are slidably matched with the inner wall face of the flow passage; a plurality of pin holes 3a are arranged on the slide bar 3, and the plurality of pin holes 3a are evenly spaced along the axial direction of the slide bar 3, and a stop pin 6 is inserted in the pin hole 3a; a plurality of water-passing and fish-passing holes 21 are arranged on the partition 2, and an opening and closing structure is arranged on each water-passing and fish-passing hole 21, which is used to close or open the water-passing and fish-passing hole 21. In this embodiment, the water-passing and fish-passing hole 21 is a vertically arranged rectangular hole, and the number of the water-passing and fish-passing holes 21 arranged on each of the partitions 2 is three, and the three water-passing and fish-passing holes 21 are evenly spaced along the long direction of the partition 2. The partition 2 is a plate with a thickness not exceeding 5 cm.

[0045] Combination Figure 1 As shown, in this embodiment, the upstream end and the downstream end of the sliding rod 3 are respectively fixed on the fishway side wall 11 at the right-angle turning position of the flow channel.

[0046] Combination Figure 1 , Figure 2 As shown, three slide rod holes 22 are provided on the partition 2, two of which are located at the lower part of the partition 2, and the other slide rod hole 22 is located at the middle position of the upper part of the partition 2, and the three slide rod holes 22 are located at the three vertices of an isosceles triangle; three slide rods 3 are provided in the straight section of the flow passage, and are respectively slidably inserted in the three slide rod holes 22. The partition 2 can ensure stable sliding of the partition 2 on the slide rod 3 by using the three slide rod holes 22 to slide with the three slide rods 3 respectively.

[0047] Combination Figures 5 to 8As shown, in this embodiment, the opening and closing structure includes an upper card slot 231, a lower card slot 232 and a plurality of door panels 4; the upper card slot 231 and the lower card slot 232 are respectively passed through the downstream side surface of the partition 2 by screws; and the upper card slot 231 and the lower card slot 232 are respectively located above and below the water-passing and fish-passing holes 21; the upper and lower ends of the door panels 4 are respectively slidably installed in the upper card slot 231 and the lower card slot 232; the number of the door panels 4 is equal to the number of the water-passing and fish-passing holes 21 or one less than the number of the water-passing and fish-passing holes 21; the width of the door panels 4 is greater than the width of the water-passing and fish-passing holes 21; and a handle 4a is provided on the door panels 4. The upper card slot 231 and the lower card slot 232 act as sliding slots, so that the door panels 4 can slide left and right, thereby achieving the purpose of closing or opening the water-passing and fish-passing holes 21. When it is necessary to close a water-passing and fish-passing hole 21, the door panel 4 can be pushed to block the water-passing and fish-passing hole 21; when it is necessary to open a water-passing and fish-passing hole 21, the door panel 4 can be pushed to move to a position between adjacent water-passing and fish-passing holes 21 on the same partition 2 to avoid blocking the water flow out of the water-passing and fish-passing hole 21, or the door panel 4 can also be pulled out.

[0048] Based on the above fishway structure, this embodiment also provides a fishway control method, including the following process:

[0049] S1, changing the number of fishway chambers and the length of a single fishway chamber by adjusting the spacing of the partitions 2;

[0050] S2. Regulate the opening and closing of the water and fish holes 21 to control the flow velocity, water depth, flow rate and mainstream streamline in the flow channel.

[0051] Combination Fig.10 As shown, in the process S1, when it is necessary to reduce the number of fishway chambers and increase the length of a single fishway chamber, the operation method is as follows: slide the partition 2 on the slide bar 3, bring two or more partitions 2 together to form a partition assembly 2a, adjust the position of the partition assembly 2a on the slide bar 3, so that two adjacent partition assemblies 2a are arranged at intervals to form a fishway chamber; when the partition assembly 2a is adjusted to the right position, insert the stop pin 6 on the slide bar 3, so that the stop pin 6 abuts against the downstream side surface of the partition assembly 2a. Specifically, the partition assembly 2a is formed by bringing two partitions 2 together.

[0052] When it is necessary to increase the number of fishway chambers or reduce the length of a single fishway chamber, the operation method is as follows: separate the partitions 2 on the partition assembly 2a from each other, adjust the position of the partition 2 on the slide bar 3, so that two adjacent partitions 2 are spaced apart to form a fishway chamber; when the partition 2 is adjusted into place, insert a stop pin 6 on the slide bar 3, so that the stop pin 6 rests on the downstream side surface of the partition 2.

[0053] Combination Fig.10As shown, when adjacent partition assemblies 2a are used to form a fishway chamber, the distance between adjacent partition assemblies 2a is L1, that is, the length of a single chamber is L1 at this time; after the partitions 2 on the partition assembly 2a are separated from each other, when the fishway chamber is formed by spacing two adjacent partitions 2, the number of fishway chambers is increased, but the length of a single fishway chamber is shortened to L2, that is, the distance between adjacent partitions 2 is L2, that is, the length of a single chamber is L2 at this time.

[0054] Therefore, in this embodiment, when two or more partitions 2 are brought together to form a partition assembly 2a, the number of fishway pools can be reduced and the length of a single fishway pool can be increased. When the partitions 2 on the partition assembly 2a are separated, the number of fishway pools can be increased, but the length of a single fishway pool can be reduced. max Calculation formula:

[0055]

[0056] Where g is the acceleration due to gravity, L i is the length of a single pool chamber, I is the slope of the flow channel, Δh = L i I, Δh is the water level difference between the upstream and downstream of the fishway chamber. It can be seen that changing the length of a single chamber can change the maximum flow rate of the fishway chamber.

[0057] In the fishway, the partition 2 has a water-blocking effect. When the flow area on the partition 2 is small, even if the incoming flow rate is small, deeper water will be formed in the fishway; when the flow area on the partition 2 is large, the incoming flow rate will flow smoothly from the water-passing and flow-through holes 21, and the water-blocking effect will be reduced. Based on this principle, in the process S2, when adjusting the opening and closing of the water-passing and fish-passing holes 21, the water-passing and fish-passing holes 21 are closed or opened by the opening and closing structure, so that one or more water-passing and fish-passing holes 21 on the same partition 2 are in a flow state.

[0058] Specifically, in this embodiment, the opening and closing states of each water and fish passing hole 21 are determined by moving the door panel 4 located between the upper clamping groove 231 and the lower clamping groove 232 .

[0059] like Figure 6 As shown, the three water and fish holes 21 are all in a flow state;

[0060] like Figure 7 As shown, two water-passing and fish-passing holes 21 are both in a flow-through state, and the other water-passing and fish-passing hole 21 is blocked by the door panel 4;

[0061] like Figure 8 As shown, one of the water and fish holes 21 is in a flow state, and the other two water and fish holes 21 are blocked by two door panels 4;

[0062] By adjusting the number of water and fish holes 21 flowing through, the flow area of ​​the partition 2 is changed, thereby changing the flow rate and water depth in the flow channel.

[0063] Combination Fig.11 As shown, in the process S2, when the mainstream streamline is regulated, the opened water and fish holes 21 on the upstream and downstream partitions 2 of the fishway chamber are selected, and the mainstream streamline of the flow channel is changed by changing the angle between the center line of the opened water and fish holes 21 and the cross-section of the flow channel.

[0064] Each partition 2 has three water and fish holes 21. By opening and closing the water and fish holes 21, at least Fig.11 The 6 typical mainstream streamlines shown;

[0065] The first type of mainstream streamline: the water and fish holes 21 opened on the partition 2 are distributed in a straight line;

[0066] Type II mainstream streamline: the water and fish holes 21 opened on the adjacent partitions 2 are distributed at a large diagonal angle;

[0067] The third type of mainstream streamline: the water and fish holes 21 opened on the adjacent partitions 2 are distributed at a small diagonal angle;

[0068] Type IV mainstream streamline: the water-passing and fish-passing holes 21 on both sides of one partition 2 are opened, and the water-passing and fish-passing holes 21 in the middle of the adjacent partition 2 are opened;

[0069] The fifth mainstream streamline: the three water-passing and fish-passing holes 21 on one of the partitions 2 are all opened, and the water-passing and fish-passing hole 21 in the middle of the adjacent partition 2 is opened.

[0070] Type VI mainstream streamline: the three water and fish holes 21 on each partition 2 are all opened.

[0071] Fig.10 The fishway shown in the figure is formed by two adjacent partitions 2 arranged at intervals to form a fishway pool. When the adjacent partition components 2a are used to form a fishway pool, the partition components 2a are simply taken as a whole, and the change in the main flow line is achieved by adjusting the opening and closing of the water and fish holes 21 on the partition components 2a. The adjustment principle is similar to Fig.10 The same is not repeated here.

[0072] Embodiment 2:

[0073] Based on the above-mentioned embodiment 1, the difference between the present embodiment 2 and embodiment 1 is that the opening and closing structure on the water and fish passing hole 21 is different.

[0074] Combination Fig. 9As shown, in the second embodiment, the opening and closing structure includes a cloth base belt 24 and a cloth curtain 5; the cloth base belt 24 is installed at the outer position of the water-passing and fish-passing hole 21 through a pressure strip 241. Specifically, the pressure strip 241 is fixedly installed on the partition 2 by bolts and presses the cloth base belt 24. The cloth curtain 5 is a waterproof cloth. A cloth base belt chain tooth 242 is arranged on the inner side of the cloth base belt 24; a cloth curtain chain tooth 51 is arranged on the outer side of the cloth curtain 5; the cloth base belt chain tooth 242 and the cloth curtain chain tooth 51 are mutually engaged or disengaged by pulling the zipper buckle, so as to realize the merging or separation of the cloth curtain 5 and the cloth base belt 24, thereby realizing the closing and opening of the water-passing and fish-passing hole 21.

[0075] The difference between the second embodiment and the first embodiment is that the first embodiment prevents water from flowing through the water and fish holes 21 by blocking with the door panel 4, while the second embodiment closes the water and fish holes 21 by engaging the cloth curtain 5 with the cloth base belt 24 with a zipper connection.

[0076] In the second embodiment, a fishway control method is also provided, which is different from the control method of the first embodiment in that the cloth curtain 5 and the cloth base belt 24 are used to close and open the water and fish holes 21. The rest of the control methods are the same and will not be described in detail.

[0077] In the second embodiment, the material of the cloth curtain 5 is cloth, and the cloth is used to achieve the water flow control in the fishway, which has the advantages of low cost, high efficiency and speed.

[0078] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and does not limit the patent scope of the present invention. All equivalent structural changes made by using the contents of the present invention specification and drawings under the inventive concept of the present invention, or directly / indirectly applied in other related technical fields are included in the patent protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A fishway, comprising a flow passage formed by a fishway side wall (11) and a fishway bottom plate (12), characterized in that: A slide bar (3) is installed in the straight section of the flow passage, and the slide bar (3) is parallel to the flow passage; A plurality of partitions (2) are arranged in series on the slide bar (3), the partitions (2) and the slide bar (3) are slidably matched, and the two end surfaces and the bottom surface of the partitions (2) are slidably matched with the inner wall surface of the flow passage; The slide rod (3) is provided with a plurality of pin holes (3a), and the plurality of pin holes (3a) are evenly spaced and distributed along the axial direction of the slide rod (3), and a stop pin (6) is inserted into the pin hole (3a); A plurality of water-passing and fish-passing holes (21) are arranged on the partition plate (2), and an opening and closing structure is arranged on each water-passing and fish-passing hole (21) for closing or opening the water-passing and fish-passing hole (21).

2. A fishway according to claim 1, characterized in that: The upstream end and the downstream end of the sliding rod (3) are respectively fixed on the fishway side wall (11) at the right-angle turning position of the flow passage.

3. A fishway according to claim 1, characterized in that: Three slide rod holes (22) are arranged on the partition (2), two of which are located at the lower part of the partition (2), and the other slide rod hole (22) is located at the middle position of the upper part of the partition (2), and the three slide rod holes (22) are located at the three vertices of an isosceles triangle; the number of slide rods (3) arranged in the straight section of the flow passage is three, and they are slidably inserted in the three slide rod holes (22) respectively.

4. A fishway according to claim 1, characterized in that: The water-passing and fish-passing holes (21) are vertically arranged rectangular holes, and the number of water-passing and fish-passing holes (21) arranged on each of the partitions (2) is three, and the three water-passing and fish-passing holes (21) are evenly spaced along the long direction of the partition (2).

5. A fishway as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The opening and closing structure comprises an upper clamping groove (231), a lower clamping groove (232) and a plurality of door panels (4); the upper clamping groove (231) and the lower clamping groove (232) are respectively passed through the downstream side surface of the partition plate (2) by screws; and the upper clamping groove (231) and the lower clamping groove (232) are respectively located above and below the water and fish passing hole (21); The upper and lower ends of the door panel (4) are slidably mounted in an upper clamping groove (231) and a lower clamping groove (232) respectively; the number of the door panels (4) is equal to the number of the water-passing and fish-passing holes (21) or one less than the number of the water-passing and fish-passing holes (21); the width of the door panel (4) is greater than the width of the water-passing and fish-passing holes (21); and a handle (4a) is provided on the door panel (4).

6. A fishway as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The opening and closing structure comprises a cloth base belt (24) and a cloth curtain (5); the cloth base belt (24) is installed at the outer position of the water and fish hole (21) through a pressure strip (241); A fabric base belt chain tooth (242) is arranged on the inner side of the fabric base belt (24); a fabric curtain chain tooth (51) is arranged on the outer side of the fabric curtain (5); the fabric base belt chain tooth (242) and the fabric curtain chain tooth (51) are meshed or disengaged with each other to realize the merging or separation of the fabric curtain (5) and the fabric base belt (24).

7. A fishway control method, applicable to the fishway according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: The process includes the following: S1, changing the number of fishway chambers and the length of a single fishway chamber by adjusting the spacing of the partitions (2); S2, regulating the opening and closing of the water and fish holes (21) to control the flow velocity, water depth, flow rate and main flow line in the flow channel.

8. A fishway control method as claimed in claim 7, characterized in that: In the process S1, when it is necessary to reduce the number of fishway chambers or increase the length of a single fishway chamber, the operation method is as follows: slide the partition (2) on the slide bar (3), bring two or more partitions (2) together to form a partition assembly (2a), adjust the position of the partition assembly (2a) on the slide bar (3), so that two adjacent partition assemblies (2a) are arranged at intervals to form a fishway chamber; when the partition assembly (2a) is adjusted in place, insert a stop pin (6) on the slide bar (3), so that the stop pin (6) abuts against the downstream side surface of the partition assembly (2a); When it is necessary to increase the number of fishway chambers or reduce the length of a single fishway chamber, the operation method is as follows: separate the partitions (2) on the partition assembly (2a) from each other, and adjust the position of the partitions (2) on the slide bar (3) so that two adjacent partitions (2) are arranged at intervals to form a fishway chamber; when the partitions (2) are adjusted into place, insert a stop pin (6) on the slide bar (3) so that the stop pin (6) abuts against the downstream side surface of the partition (2).

9. A fishway control method as claimed in claim 7, characterized in that: In the process S2, when adjusting the opening and closing of the water-passing and fish-passing holes (21), the water-passing and fish-passing holes (21) are closed or opened by the opening and closing structure, so that one or more water-passing and fish-passing holes (21) on the same partition (2) are in a flow state.

10. A fishway control method as claimed in claim 7, characterized in that: In the process S2, when the main flow line is regulated, the water and fish holes (21) opened on the upstream and downstream baffles (2) of the fishway chamber are selected, and the main flow line of the flow channel is changed by changing the angle between the center line of the opened water and fish holes (21) and the cross section of the flow channel.

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