Small light low-evaporation-rate horizontal airborne liquid hydrogen storage tank

Abstract

The invention discloses a small light low-evaporation-rate horizontal onboard liquid hydrogen storage tank, and belongs to the technical field of liquid hydrogen storage, the liquid hydrogen storage tank comprises a storage tank outer container, a storage tank inner container and a vacuum interlayer, and a filling coil pipe and an exhaust coil pipe are arranged on the two transverse sides of the storage tank inner container respectively; one end of the filling coil pipe and one end of the exhaust coil pipe penetrate through the storage tank outer container to be communicated with the storage tank inner container, the other end of the filling coil pipe and the other end of the exhaust coil pipe are located outside the storage tank outer container, and spiral sections of the filling coil pipe and the exhaust coil pipe are located in the vacuum interlayer; an anti-shaking baffle, a heater and a temperature sensor are arranged in the storage tank inner container. A gas-liquid separator is arranged on the exhaust coil pipe; the small light low-evaporation-rate horizontal airborne liquid hydrogen storage tank is small in size, light in weight and convenient to install and fix on an airplane, compared with a traditional liquid hydrogen storage tank, the structure is simpler, and the aim of light weight is achieved while the heat insulation effect is guaranteed.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of liquid hydrogen storage, and in particular relates to a small, lightweight, low-evaporation-rate horizontal airborne liquid hydrogen storage tank. Background Art

[0002] As a high-density energy source, liquid hydrogen has a very high energy content per unit mass. Compared with traditional aviation kerosene, liquid hydrogen can provide higher energy output, thereby effectively improving the aircraft's endurance.

[0003] Different from the liquid hydrogen storage devices used in the sea and land, the storage requirements for low-temperature liquid hydrogen in aircraft are more stringent. Not only does it need to overcome the insulation problem between ultra-low temperature and high temperature zones to make it have a better insulation effect, but it also needs to ensure that the fuel tank has sufficient pressure strength. On the basis of reducing its weight as much as possible, thereby reducing the aircraft's fuel consumption rate and increasing its fuel carrying capacity to a certain extent, thereby improving its endurance.

[0004] Existing liquid hydrogen storage tanks, such as vertical storage tanks, are often bulky, heavy, have limited insulation performance, and a high evaporation rate. Such storage tanks are not only difficult to adapt to the strict requirements of space and weight on aircraft, but also during long flights, the evaporation loss of liquid hydrogen will increase significantly, reducing energy efficiency. Secondly, the aviation field has extremely high requirements for lightweight equipment. Aircraft and other aircraft have limited load-bearing capacity, and any increased weight may have an adverse effect on flight performance. Therefore, liquid hydrogen storage tanks must reduce weight as much as possible while ensuring insulation performance. Existing vertical liquid hydrogen storage tanks are difficult to meet this requirement due to their complex structure and heavy materials.

[0005] Not only that, it is also required to have a faster hydrogen supply response rate to ensure the normal operation of the aircraft under various complex working conditions. In summary, the existing liquid hydrogen storage tanks have deficiencies in structure, insulation performance, lightweight and safety, and it is difficult to meet the needs of the aviation field for liquid hydrogen storage and transportation. Therefore, the development of a small, lightweight, low-evaporation-rate horizontal airborne liquid hydrogen storage tank is of great significance for promoting the application of hydrogen energy in the aviation field. Summary of the invention

[0006] In view of the deficiencies in the above-mentioned background technology, the present invention aims to provide a small, lightweight, low-evaporation-rate horizontal airborne liquid hydrogen storage tank, which solves the problem that existing liquid hydrogen storage tanks are difficult to meet the demand for liquid hydrogen storage and transportation in the aviation field.

[0007] In order to achieve the above-mentioned object of the invention, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:

[0008] A small, lightweight, low-evaporation-rate horizontal airborne liquid hydrogen storage tank is provided, which includes a transversely arranged outer tank liner, a transversely arranged inner tank liner inside the outer tank liner, and a vacuum interlayer between the outer tank liner and the inner tank liner. The vacuum interlayer plays multiple roles in the liquid hydrogen storage tank, such as heat insulation, protection of the tank structure, and optimization of liquid hydrogen storage. These roles jointly ensure the safety and efficiency of the liquid hydrogen storage tank in the aircraft.

[0009] A filling coil and an exhaust coil are respectively arranged on the lateral sides of the tank inner liner, one end of the filling coil and the exhaust coil passes through the tank outer liner to be connected with the tank inner liner, the other end of the filling coil and the exhaust coil is located outside the tank outer liner, and the spiral sections of the filling coil and the exhaust coil are located in the vacuum interlayer between the tank outer liner and the tank inner liner; the filling coil and the exhaust coil not only play the role of filling liquid hydrogen and discharging hydrogen, but also can serve as a support between the tank outer liner and the tank inner liner, avoiding the additional setting of support parts and realizing a lightweight design. At the same time, the filling coil and the exhaust coil are arranged in a coil structure to increase the heat transfer path and effectively reduce the passive heat leakage of the tank.

[0010] An anti-sway baffle, a heater and a temperature sensor are arranged inside the storage tank liner; a gas-liquid separator is arranged on the pipe section of the exhaust coil located inside the storage tank liner.

[0011] The anti-sway baffle can effectively reduce the vibration of liquid hydrogen and the impact with the inner wall of the tank, and to a certain extent weaken the thermal stratification of liquid hydrogen in the tank; the gas-liquid separator separates liquid hydrogen and hydrogen, which can effectively prevent the risk of liquid hydrogen clogging the exhaust coil during the shaking process.

[0012] The setting of the heater and temperature sensor, the temperature sensor obtains the spatial temperature at different liquid level heights in the tank liner in real time, and adjusts the heating power of the heater to quickly respond to the aircraft's hydrogen supply demand under different operating conditions, achieving coordinated cooperation between passive insulation and active heating, and ensuring the normal operation of the aircraft under different operating conditions while reducing the ineffective evaporation loss of liquid hydrogen.

[0013] Furthermore, one end of the filling coil and one end of the exhaust coil are respectively located at the inner bottom and inner top of the storage tank liner.

[0014] Furthermore, a tank support frame is provided on the outer wall of the bottom of the tank outer liner, and the provision of the tank support frame facilitates the installation and fixation between the entire liquid hydrogen storage tank and the aircraft.

[0015] Furthermore, the anti-sway baffle is arranged at the middle position inside the tank liner, and the anti-sway baffle is arranged along the width direction of the tank liner. The circumferential outer wall of the anti-sway baffle is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the tank liner, so that the liquid hydrogen level at the center position is relatively stable regardless of whether the aircraft is in the climbing or landing stage.

[0016] A baffle inspection hole is provided in the middle of the anti-sway baffle, and notches are provided at the top and bottom of the anti-sway baffle. The notch at the top of the anti-sway baffle and the inner wall of the tank liner form an upper airflow through hole, and the notch at the bottom of the anti-sway baffle and the inner wall of the tank liner form a bottom liquid hydrogen flow zone hole.

[0017] Furthermore, the heater is an electric heating rod, and the heater is arranged at the middle position of the inner bottom of the storage tank liner.

[0018] Furthermore, the temperature sensor is a platinum resistance low-temperature sensor in the liquid hydrogen temperature zone, and the temperature sensor is fixedly arranged on the anti-sway baffle. Specifically, the platinum resistance temperature sensor is fixed on the anti-sway baffle by binding with low-temperature glue and metal wire. The light weight of the platinum resistance temperature sensor greatly reduces the weight of the liquid hydrogen storage tank, achieving the goal of lightweight.

[0019] Furthermore, the number of the temperature sensors is multiple, and the multiple temperature sensors are arranged at different heights of the anti-sway baffle along the vertical direction according to different filling rates of liquid hydrogen. The above arrangement enables the multiple temperature sensors to have the liquid level monitoring function, avoiding the heat leakage caused by opening holes in the storage tank when installing traditional liquid level gauges, and greatly reducing the weight of the storage tank. Specifically, by obtaining the temperature information collected by multiple temperature sensors in real time and comparing the difference in temperature information, the liquid level height of the liquid hydrogen in the inner liner of the storage tank can be obtained in real time.

[0020] Furthermore, the gas-liquid separator is arranged at the center of the tank liner, and the gas-liquid separator and the exhaust coil are an integrated structure. The exhaust coil located inside the tank liner and close to the central area of ​​the tank liner has multiple rows of exhaust holes, and the outside of the pipe section is covered with a metal mesh, and the length of the metal mesh is the same as the length of the multiple rows of exhaust holes. When the liquid hydrogen in the tank oscillates, the liquid hydrogen is prevented from entering the exhaust coil, blocking the discharge of hydrogen, and causing safety problems due to overpressure inside the tank.

[0021] Furthermore, a heat insulating layer is provided in the vacuum interlayer. Specifically, the heat insulating layer can be a multi-layer structure of aluminum-plated polyester film and heat insulating paper, but is not limited to such materials. These materials can further reduce heat radiation and heat conduction and improve the heat insulating performance of the liquid hydrogen storage tank.

[0022] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: the small, lightweight, low-evaporation-rate horizontal airborne liquid hydrogen storage tank of the present invention has a small size and light weight, is easy to install and fix on an aircraft, and has a more streamlined structure than a traditional liquid hydrogen storage tank, and achieves the goal of lightweight while ensuring the insulation effect. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0023] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of a small, lightweight, low-evaporation-rate horizontal airborne liquid hydrogen storage tank.

[0024] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the structure connecting the filling coil and the exhaust coil to the tank liner.

[0025] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the anti-sway baffle.

[0026] Among them, 1. Storage tank outer shell; 2. Filling coil; 3. Storage tank inner shell; 4. Gas-liquid separator; 5. Anti-sway baffle; 6. Vacuum interlayer; 7. Exhaust coil; 8. Heater; 9. Storage tank support frame; 10. Temperature sensor; 11. Baffle inspection hole. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0027] The specific implementation modes of the present invention are described below so that those skilled in the art can understand the present invention. However, it should be clear that the present invention is not limited to the scope of the specific implementation modes. For those of ordinary skill in the art, as long as various changes are within the spirit and scope of the present invention as defined and determined by the attached claims, these changes are obvious, and all inventions and creations utilizing the concept of the present invention are protected.

[0028] like Figure 1 to Figure 3 As shown, the present invention provides a small, lightweight, low-evaporation-rate horizontal airborne liquid hydrogen storage tank, which includes a transversely arranged storage tank outer liner 1, a storage tank inner liner 3 is transversely arranged inside the storage tank outer liner 1, and the area between the storage tank outer liner 1 and the storage tank inner liner 3 is a vacuum interlayer 6. The vacuum interlayer 6 plays multiple roles in the liquid hydrogen storage tank, such as heat insulation, protection of the storage tank structure, and optimization of liquid hydrogen storage. These functions together ensure the safety and efficiency of the use of liquid hydrogen storage tanks on aircraft. Preferably, but not limited to, an insulating layer is provided in the vacuum interlayer 6. The insulating layer can be a multi-layer structure of aluminum-plated polyester film and insulating paper. These materials can further reduce thermal radiation and heat conduction, and improve the thermal insulation performance of the liquid hydrogen storage tank.

[0029] A filling coil 2 and an exhaust coil 7 are respectively provided on the lateral sides of the tank outer liner 1, one end of the filling coil 2 and the exhaust coil 7 pass through the tank outer liner 1 and are connected with the tank inner liner 3, the other ends of the filling coil 2 and the exhaust coil 7 are located outside the tank outer liner 1, and the spiral sections of the filling coil 2 and the exhaust coil 7 are located between the tank outer liner 1 and the tank inner liner 3 and are fixedly connected to the inner wall of the tank outer liner 1; specifically, one end of the filling coil 2 and one end of the exhaust coil 7 are respectively located at the inner bottom and inner top of the tank inner liner 3.

[0030] The filling coil 2 and the exhaust coil 7 not only play the role of filling liquid hydrogen and exhausting hydrogen, but also can also serve as supports between the tank outer liner 1 and the tank inner liner 3, avoiding the need for additional supports and achieving a lightweight design. At the same time, the filling coil 2 and the exhaust coil 7 are arranged in a coil structure to increase the heat transfer path and effectively reduce the passive heat leakage of the tank.

[0031] The interior of the storage tank liner 3 is provided with an anti-sway baffle 5, a heater 8 and a temperature sensor 10; a gas-liquid separator 4 is provided on the pipe section of the exhaust coil 7 located inside the storage tank liner 3. Specifically, the heater 8 is an electric heating rod, and the heater 8 is provided at the middle position of the inner bottom of the storage tank liner 3.

[0032] The anti-sway baffle 5 can effectively reduce the vibration of liquid hydrogen and the impact with the inner wall of the tank, and reduce the thermal stratification of liquid hydrogen in the tank; the gas-liquid separator 4 separates liquid hydrogen and hydrogen, which can effectively prevent the risk of liquid hydrogen blocking the exhaust coil 7 during the shaking process.

[0033] The heater 8 and the temperature sensor 10 are set up, and the temperature sensor 10 obtains the temperature of the liquid hydrogen in the tank liner 3 in real time. Adjusting the heating power of the heater 8 can quickly respond to the hydrogen supply demand of the aircraft under different working conditions, and achieves the coordination of passive insulation and active heating. On the basis of reducing the ineffective evaporation loss of liquid hydrogen, the normal operation of the aircraft under different working conditions is guaranteed. Specifically, after the liquid hydrogen is filled, the exhaust coil 7 of the liquid hydrogen storage tank is connected to the onboard hydrogen system. When the aircraft is in the take-off and climbing stage, the required hydrogen flow rate is large. At this time, the heater 8 is turned on to electrically heat the liquid hydrogen to evaporate quickly to meet its hydrogen demand; when the aircraft is in the stable operation stage, the electric heating power of the heater 8 is controlled to ensure the stable operation of the aircraft; when the aircraft is in the descent and landing stage, the heater 8 is turned off, and the hydrogen evaporated by the liquid hydrogen storage tank itself can meet its hydrogen demand.

[0034] The gas-liquid separator 4 is arranged at the center of the storage tank liner 3. The gas-liquid separator 4 and the exhaust coil 7 are an integrated structure. The exhaust coil 7 located inside the storage tank liner 3 and close to the central area of ​​the storage tank liner 3 has multiple rows of exhaust holes. The outside of the pipe section is covered with a metal mesh, and the length of the metal mesh is the same as the length of the multiple rows of exhaust holes. During the flight of the aircraft, when the liquid hydrogen inside the liquid hydrogen storage tank vibrates, the liquid hydrogen is prevented from entering the exhaust coil 7, blocking the discharge of hydrogen, and causing safety problems due to overpressure inside the storage tank.

[0035] Preferably, a tank support frame 9 is provided on the outer wall of the bottom of the tank outer liner 1, and the provision of the tank support frame 9 facilitates the installation and fixation between the entire liquid hydrogen tank and the aircraft. Specifically, the structure of the liquid hydrogen tank is adapted to the fuel tank configuration of the aircraft, and the size, shape, insulation structure, and necessary internal parts of the tank are comprehensively optimized to simplify the structure, thereby achieving the purpose of lightweighting on the basis of ensuring the excellent insulation performance of the liquid hydrogen tank, the hydrogen supply response rate and the airborne adaptation, thereby reducing the fuel consumption rate of the aircraft, and increasing its fuel carrying capacity to a certain extent, thereby improving the endurance of the aircraft.

[0036] The anti-sway baffle 5 is arranged in the middle position inside the storage tank liner 3, and the anti-sway baffle 5 is arranged along the width direction of the storage tank liner 3. The circumferential outer wall of the anti-sway baffle 5 is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the storage tank liner 3, so that the liquid hydrogen level at the center position is relatively stable regardless of whether the aircraft is in the climbing or landing stage. A baffle inspection hole 11 is arranged in the middle of the anti-sway baffle 5, and notches are arranged at the top and bottom of the anti-sway baffle 5. The notch at the top of the anti-sway baffle 5 and the inner wall of the storage tank liner 3 form an upper airflow perforation, and the notch at the bottom of the anti-sway baffle 5 and the inner wall of the storage tank liner 3 form a bottom liquid hydrogen flow zone hole.

[0037] Furthermore, the temperature sensor 10 is a platinum resistance low temperature sensor, and the temperature sensor 10 is fixedly arranged on the anti-sway baffle 5. Specifically, the platinum resistance temperature sensor 10 is fixed on the anti-sway baffle 5 by binding with low temperature glue and metal wire. The platinum resistance temperature sensor 10 is light in weight, which greatly reduces the weight of the liquid hydrogen storage tank and achieves the goal of lightweight.

[0038] Furthermore, there are multiple temperature sensors 10, which are arranged at different heights of the anti-sway baffle 5 along the vertical direction according to different liquid hydrogen filling rates. The above arrangement enables multiple temperature sensors 10 to have a liquid level monitoring function, avoiding the need to open holes in the storage tank when installing traditional liquid level gauges, and greatly reducing the weight of the storage tank. Specifically, by obtaining the temperature information collected by multiple temperature sensors 10 and comparing the difference in temperature information, the liquid level height of the liquid hydrogen in the storage tank liner 3 can be obtained in real time.

[0039] In summary, the small, lightweight, low-evaporation-rate horizontal airborne liquid hydrogen storage tank in the present invention has a small size and light weight. Compared with traditional liquid hydrogen storage tanks, it has a more streamlined structure and achieves the goal of lightweight while ensuring the insulation effect. It adapts to the strict requirements of space and weight on aircraft and meets the needs of the aviation field for liquid hydrogen storage and transportation.

Claims

1. A small, lightweight, low-evaporation-rate horizontal airborne liquid hydrogen storage tank, characterized in that: It comprises a transversely arranged storage tank outer liner, a storage tank inner liner is transversely arranged inside the storage tank outer liner, and the area between the storage tank outer liner and the storage tank inner liner is a vacuum interlayer; A filling coil and an exhaust coil are respectively arranged on the lateral sides of the tank inner liner, one end of the filling coil and the exhaust coil pass through the tank outer liner to be connected with the tank inner liner, the other end of the filling coil and the exhaust coil are located outside the tank outer liner, and the spiral sections of the filling coil and the exhaust coil are located in the vacuum interlayer between the tank outer liner and the tank inner liner; an anti-sway baffle, a heater and a temperature sensor are arranged inside the tank inner liner; a gas-liquid separator is arranged on the pipe section of the exhaust coil located inside the tank inner liner.

2. The small, lightweight, low evaporation rate horizontal airborne liquid hydrogen storage tank according to claim 1 is characterized in that: One end of the filling coil and one end of the exhaust coil are respectively located at the inner bottom and inner top of the storage tank liner.

3. The small, lightweight, low evaporation rate horizontal airborne liquid hydrogen storage tank according to claim 1 is characterized in that: A storage tank support frame is arranged on the outer wall of the bottom of the storage tank outer liner.

4. The small, lightweight, low evaporation rate horizontal airborne liquid hydrogen storage tank according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The anti-sway baffle is arranged in the middle position inside the storage tank liner, and the anti-sway baffle is arranged along the width direction of the storage tank liner, and the circumferential outer wall of the anti-sway baffle is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the storage tank liner; a baffle inspection hole is arranged in the middle of the anti-sway baffle, and notches are arranged at the top and bottom of the anti-sway baffle. The notch at the top of the anti-sway baffle and the inner wall of the storage tank liner form an upper airflow through hole, and the notch at the bottom of the anti-sway baffle and the inner wall of the storage tank liner form a bottom liquid hydrogen flow zone hole.

5. The small, lightweight, low evaporation rate horizontal airborne liquid hydrogen storage tank according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The heater is an electric heating rod, and the heater is arranged at the middle position of the inner bottom of the storage tank liner.

6. The small, lightweight, low evaporation rate horizontal airborne liquid hydrogen storage tank according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The temperature sensor is a platinum resistance low-temperature sensor, and the temperature sensor is fixedly arranged on the anti-sway baffle.

7. The small, lightweight, low evaporation rate horizontal airborne liquid hydrogen storage tank according to claim 6 is characterized in that: There are multiple temperature sensors, and the multiple temperature sensors are arranged at different heights of the anti-sway baffle along the vertical direction according to different filling rates of liquid hydrogen.

8. The small, lightweight, low evaporation rate horizontal airborne liquid hydrogen storage tank according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The gas-liquid separator is arranged at the center of the tank liner. The gas-liquid separator and the exhaust coil are an integrated structure. The exhaust coil is located inside the tank liner and is close to the central area of ​​the tank liner. Multiple rows of exhaust holes are opened on the pipe section. The outside of the pipe section is covered with a metal wire mesh, and the length of the metal wire mesh is the same as the length of the multiple rows of exhaust holes.

9. The small, lightweight, low evaporation rate horizontal airborne liquid hydrogen storage tank according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: A heat insulating layer is arranged in the vacuum interlayer.

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