Heat recovery type hydrogen supply system and control method

Abstract

According to the heat recovery type hydrogen supply system and the control method, a helium loop is arranged in the hydrogen supply system, engine exhaust heat is recovered through the helium loop, high-temperature exhaust heat of an aircraft engine is effectively recovered, and a hydrogen source is provided for the engine under the temperature and pressure control condition; the variable frequency pump and the regulating valve are combined to control the helium flow of the main path and the bypass, the temperature and pressure of the hydrogen supply pipeline can be controlled simultaneously, and the system compactness is improved; helium serves as an intermediate loop working medium, the heat exchange efficiency is higher, and the safety of the system can be guaranteed when exhaust heat of the engine is recycled.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of hydrogen supply, and in particular to a heat recovery type hydrogen supply system and a control method. Background Art

[0002] ICAO requires that aircraft fuel efficiency achieve an annual growth rate of 2%. The optimization of fuel efficiency has reduced the carbon emissions of a single aircraft to a certain extent, but the increasing air traffic volume has made the pressure of emission reduction still severe. At present, breakthrough technologies are needed to reduce the impact of aviation operations on the environment, and the aviation industry needs to develop technologies as soon as possible to reduce its dependence on fossil fuels.

[0003] According to information, the aviation industry is currently exploring the possibility of new power sources, such as batteries, hybrid power, sustainable aviation fuels (SAFs) and hydrogen power. Compared with other types of power, liquid hydrogen has significant advantages in the key ratio of range / load. Compared with the high-pressure gas hydrogen technology widely used in the transportation field, liquid hydrogen has high hydrogen storage density and low storage pressure, and has advantages in storage capacity and safety. The liquid hydrogen storage and supply system on the aircraft requires the system to have the ability to supply gas at a stable temperature and pressure, and also requires the overall system to be compact and respond quickly. Therefore, it is necessary to propose a new hydrogen supply system solution suitable for aircraft.

[0004] Chinese patent document CN115427346B discloses a "hydrogen supply system". The hydrogen supply system comprises: a dehydrogenation reaction unit, which obtains hydrogen-containing gas by dehydrogenating a raw material containing a hydride; a heating mechanism, which uses electricity to heat the dehydrogenation reaction unit; and a power supply unit, which supplies at least one of electricity based on renewable energy and electricity based on thermal power generation with carbon dioxide recovery and carbon dioxide storage to the heating mechanism. The above technical solution cannot simply and efficiently supply hydrogen at a stable temperature and pressure. Summary of the invention

[0005] The present invention mainly solves the technical problem that the original technical solution cannot simply and efficiently supply hydrogen at a stable temperature and pressure, and provides a heat recovery type hydrogen supply system and a control method. A helium loop is arranged in the hydrogen supply system, and the engine exhaust heat is recovered by using the helium loop, so that the high-temperature exhaust heat of the aircraft engine is effectively recovered, and a hydrogen source is provided for the engine under temperature and pressure control conditions. The system adopts a helium loop to recover the exhaust heat, and controls the main and bypass helium flow rates through a combination of a variable frequency pump and a regulating valve, so that the temperature and pressure of the hydrogen supply pipeline can be controlled at the same time, thereby improving the compactness of the system; using helium as the intermediate loop working fluid, not only the heat exchange efficiency is higher, but also the system safety can be guaranteed when recovering the engine exhaust heat.

[0006] The above technical problems of the present invention are mainly solved by the following technical solutions: a heat recovery type hydrogen supply system, comprising a hydrogen supply component and a helium component, wherein the hydrogen supply component comprises a liquid hydrogen storage tank, a hydrogen heater and an engine connected in sequence, and a control component is provided between the liquid hydrogen storage tank and the hydrogen heater; the helium component comprises a helium circuit, a variable frequency pump and a helium heat recovery heat exchanger connected in sequence, and a helium booster component and a helium heating component are provided in parallel between the helium heat recovery heat exchanger and the helium circuit.

[0007] Preferably, the control assembly comprises a regulating valve and a stop valve connected in sequence.

[0008] Preferably, a signal component is provided between the hydrogen heater and the engine, and the signal component includes a pressure sensor and a temperature sensor.

[0009] Preferably, the helium boosting assembly comprises a helium boosting pipeline and a regulating valve and a boosting heat exchanger arranged in sequence, the regulating valve input end passes through a temperature sensor and a buffer tank in sequence, and the regulating valve output end is connected to a helium circuit.

[0010] Preferably, the helium heating assembly comprises a helium heating pipeline, the helium heating pipeline passes through a hydrogen heater, an input end of the helium heating pipeline passes through a temperature sensor and a buffer tank in sequence, and an output end of the helium heating pipeline is connected to a helium circuit.

[0011] A control method for a heat recovery type hydrogen supply system comprises the following steps: S1 sets the hydrogen supply control threshold and collects hydrogen supply information of the hydrogen supply pipeline; S2 sets the regulating valve opening and target hydrogen supply information according to the hydrogen supply information; If the target hydrogen supply information is reached, S3 stops the control, otherwise it synchronously adjusts the variable frequency pump; S4 repeats step S3 until the target hydrogen supply information is reached.

[0012] Preferably, the step S1 specifically includes setting a hydrogen supply control threshold and collecting the hydrogen supply temperature and hydrogen supply pressure of the hydrogen supply pipeline.

[0013] Preferably, the step S2 of setting the regulating valve opening specifically includes adjusting the opening of the regulating valve in the helium boosting pipeline, adjusting the helium flow entering the hydrogen heater, and changing the heating power of the hydrogen heater; adjusting the opening of the regulating valve in the hydrogen supply pipeline, and adjusting the hydrogen supply pressure of the hydrogen supply pipeline.

[0014] Preferably, the heat exchange performance of the hydrogen heater is quantified and calculated: Q=m1(h′1-h1)=m1c p1 (T1′-T1) Q=m2(h′2-h2)=m2c p2 (T2′-T2) m2=m(1-x) Q=hAΔT m Wherein, Q is the heat transfer power of the hydrogen heater, A is the heat transfer area of ​​the hydrogen heater, h is the heat transfer coefficient of the hydrogen heater; m1 is the hydrogen flow rate of the hydrogen supply pipeline, h1 is the inlet liquid hydrogen enthalpy, h′1 is the outlet hydrogen enthalpy, c p1 is the specific heat capacity of hydrogen, T1 is the inlet liquid hydrogen temperature, T1′ is the outlet hydrogen temperature; m2 is the helium flow rate of the helium heating pipeline, h2 is the inlet helium enthalpy, h′2 is the outlet helium enthalpy, c p2 is the specific heat capacity of helium, T2 is the inlet helium temperature, T2′ is the outlet helium temperature; x is the opening of the regulating valve, m is the helium flow rate of the helium circuit; ΔT m is the logarithmic mean temperature difference of the hydrogen heater.

[0015] Preferably, the step S3 specifically includes adjusting the opening of the regulating valve in the helium boosting pipeline and the opening of the regulating valve in the hydrogen supply pipeline, while synchronously adjusting the variable frequency pump to adjust the total helium flow rate of the helium circuit.

[0016] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: 1. A helium loop is added to the hydrogen supply system for heat recovery. Helium has good heat exchange performance and high heat recovery efficiency. Helium is an inert gas and is safer when used as an intermediate medium to recover exhaust heat.

[0017] 2. The combination of variable frequency pump and regulating valve is used to adjust the helium flow ratio of the boosting pipeline and the heating pipeline, which can simultaneously achieve precise control of hydrogen supply pressure and temperature, and the system structure and control logic are simple. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] Figure 1 It is a principle connection structure diagram of the present invention.

[0019] Figure 2 It is a flow chart of the present invention.

[0020] In the figure, 1 is a liquid hydrogen storage tank, 2 is a hydrogen supply pipeline, 3 is a regulating valve, 4 is a stop valve, 5 is a hydrogen heater, 6 is a pressure sensor, 7 is a temperature sensor, 8 is an engine, 9 is an engine exhaust pipe, 10 is a variable frequency pump, 11 is a helium heat recovery heat exchanger, 12 is a temperature sensor, 13 is a buffer tank, 14 is a regulating valve, 15 is a helium boosting pipeline, 16 is a helium heating pipeline, 17 is a boosting heat exchanger, and 18 is a helium circuit. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0021] In order to make the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the technical solutions of the present application are further described in detail below through embodiments and in combination with the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the specific implementation method described here is only an optimal embodiment of the present application, which is only used to explain the present application and does not limit the protection scope of the present application. All other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0022] The aviation industry is currently exploring the possibility of new power sources, such as batteries, hybrid power, sustainable aviation fuel and hydrogen power. Compared with other power types, liquid hydrogen has significant advantages in the key ratio of range / load. Compared with the high-pressure gas hydrogen technology widely used in the transportation field, liquid hydrogen has high hydrogen storage density and low storage pressure, and has advantages in storage capacity and safety. The liquid hydrogen storage and supply system on the aircraft requires the system to have the ability to supply gas at a stable temperature and pressure, and also requires the overall system to be compact and respond quickly. Therefore, it is necessary to propose a new hydrogen supply system solution suitable for aircraft.

[0023] The main drawbacks are: 1. The storage capacity of high-pressure gaseous hydrogen is low and cannot meet the long-distance transportation of future aircraft. The higher hydrogen storage pressure puts higher requirements on navigation safety; 2. The existing hydrogen supply solution lacks thermal coupling with the engine system and fails to realize the heat recovery potential of the whole system; 3. The existing hydrogen supply scheme does not propose a simple and efficient control method that can supply hydrogen at a stable temperature and pressure.

[0024] The present invention proposes a hydrogen supply system and control method for hydrogen-powered aircraft, which can effectively recover the heat of high-temperature exhaust gas from aircraft engines and provide a hydrogen source for the engine under temperature and pressure control conditions. The system uses a helium loop to recover exhaust heat, and controls the main and bypass helium flow rates through a combination of a variable frequency pump and a regulating valve, which can simultaneously control the temperature and pressure of the hydrogen supply pipeline, thereby improving the compactness of the system; using helium as the working fluid in the intermediate loop not only increases the heat exchange efficiency, but also ensures system safety when recovering engine exhaust heat.

[0025] Before discussing the exemplary embodiments in more detail, it should be mentioned that some exemplary embodiments are described as processes or methods depicted as flow charts. Although the flow charts describe the operations (or steps) as sequential processes, many of the operations (or steps) therein can be implemented in parallel, concurrently, or simultaneously. In addition, the order of the operations can be rearranged. The process can be terminated when its operation is completed, but can also have additional steps not included in the drawings; the process can correspond to a method, function, procedure, subroutine, subprogram, etc.

[0026] The technical solution of the present invention is further specifically described below through embodiments and in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0027] Embodiment: A heat recovery type hydrogen supply system, such as Figure 1 As shown, it includes a hydrogen supply component and a helium component, the hydrogen supply component includes a liquid hydrogen storage tank 1, a hydrogen heater 5 and an engine 8 connected in sequence, a control component is provided between the liquid hydrogen storage tank 1 and the hydrogen heater 5, and the control component includes a regulating valve 3 and a stop valve 4 connected in sequence. A signal component is provided between the hydrogen heater 5 and the engine 8, and the signal component includes a pressure sensor 6 and a temperature sensor 7.

[0028] The helium component includes a helium circuit 18, a variable frequency pump 10 and a helium heat recovery heat exchanger 11 connected in sequence, and a helium booster component and a helium heating component are arranged in parallel between the helium heat recovery heat exchanger 11 and the helium circuit 18. The helium booster component includes a helium booster pipeline 15 and a regulating valve 14 and a booster heat exchanger 17 arranged in sequence. The input end of the regulating valve 14 passes through the temperature sensor 12 and the buffer tank 13 in sequence, and the output end of the regulating valve 14 is connected to the helium circuit 18. The helium heating component includes a helium heating pipeline 16, which passes through the hydrogen heater 5. The input end of the helium heating pipeline 16 passes through the temperature sensor 12 and the buffer tank 13 in sequence, and the output end of the helium heating pipeline 16 is connected to the helium circuit 18.

[0029] The hydrogen supply system includes a hydrogen supply pipeline 2 and a helium loop 18. The hydrogen supply pipeline 2 mainly provides hydrogen with stable temperature and pressure for the engine, including a liquid hydrogen storage tank 1, a regulating valve 3, a shut-off valve 4, a hydrogen heater 5, a pressure sensor 6, a temperature sensor 7, an engine 8, and an engine exhaust pipe 9. In the hydrogen supply pipeline 2, after the liquid hydrogen flows out of the liquid hydrogen storage tank 1, it is gasified and heated to a suitable temperature by the hydrogen heater 5. Finally, the hydrogen enters the engine 8 to burn and provide power. After the combustion is completed, the high-temperature exhaust gas is discharged from the engine exhaust pipe 9. The regulating valve 3 is used to adjust the pressure of the hydrogen supply pipeline to ensure that the hydrogen pressure meets the gas supply demand of the engine 8. The shut-off valve 4 is used to open or close the hydrogen supply process. The pressure sensor 6 and the temperature sensor 7 respectively monitor the pressure and temperature of the hydrogen entering the engine.

[0030] The helium circuit 18 is mainly used to recover the heat of the engine exhaust. The main pipeline includes a variable frequency pump 10, a helium heat recovery heat exchanger 11, a temperature sensor 12, and a buffer tank 13. The variable frequency pump 10 is used for helium boosting and provides helium circulation power. The helium heat recovery heat exchanger 11 is arranged in the engine exhaust pipe. When the helium passes through the helium heat recovery heat exchanger 11, it exchanges heat with the high-temperature exhaust gas of the engine to recover the exhaust heat. Subsequently, the high-temperature helium enters the buffer tank 13, and after the pressure is stabilized, it enters the helium boosting pipeline 15 and the helium heating pipeline 16 in two ways.

[0031] The helium boosting pipeline 15 includes a regulating valve 14 and a boosting heat exchanger 17. The boosting heat exchanger 17 is arranged in the liquid hydrogen storage tank 1. After the helium enters the boosting heat exchanger 17, the liquid hydrogen in the liquid hydrogen storage tank 1 is gasified by heat exchange, the storage tank is pressurized, and the pressure of the hydrogen supply pipeline 2 is adjusted.

[0032] The main component of the helium heating pipeline 16 is the hydrogen heater 5. The helium enters the hydrogen heater 5, gasifies and heats the liquid hydrogen flowing out of the liquid hydrogen storage tank 1.

[0033] In the system of the present invention, the hydrogen supply pressure and temperature are regulated by the combination of the variable frequency pump 10 and the regulating valve 14. The variable frequency pump 10 adjusts the total helium flow of the helium circuit 18 by changing the pump frequency; the regulating valve 14 adjusts the helium flow distribution of the helium boosting pipeline 15 and the helium heating pipeline 16 by adjusting the valve opening. The combined regulation of the variable frequency pump 10 and the regulating valve 14 can respectively adjust the helium flow of the helium boosting pipeline 15 and the helium heating pipeline 16, change the heating power of the booster heat exchanger 17 and the hydrogen heater 5, and finally quantitatively regulate the pressure and temperature of the hydrogen supply pipeline.

[0034] A control method for a heat recovery type hydrogen supply system comprises the following steps: S1 sets the hydrogen supply control threshold and collects hydrogen supply information of the hydrogen supply pipeline, specifically including setting the hydrogen supply control threshold and collecting the hydrogen supply temperature and hydrogen supply pressure of the hydrogen supply pipeline.

[0035] S2 sets the regulating valve opening and the target hydrogen supply information according to the hydrogen supply information. Setting the regulating valve opening specifically includes adjusting the opening of the regulating valve in the helium booster pipeline, adjusting the helium flow entering the hydrogen heater, and changing the heating power of the hydrogen heater; adjusting the opening of the regulating valve in the hydrogen supply pipeline and adjusting the hydrogen supply pressure of the hydrogen supply pipeline.

[0036] Quantification and calculation of heat transfer performance of hydrogen heater: Q=m1(h′1-h1)=m1c p1 (T1′-T1) Q=m2(h′2-h2)=m2c p2 (T2′-T2) m2=m(1-x) Q=hAΔT m Wherein, Q is the heat transfer power of the hydrogen heater, A is the heat transfer area of ​​the hydrogen heater, h is the heat transfer coefficient of the hydrogen heater; m1 is the hydrogen flow rate of the hydrogen supply pipeline, h1 is the inlet liquid hydrogen enthalpy, h′1 is the outlet hydrogen enthalpy, c p1is the specific heat capacity of hydrogen, T1 is the inlet liquid hydrogen temperature, T1′ is the outlet hydrogen temperature; m2 is the helium flow rate of the helium heating pipeline, h2 is the inlet helium enthalpy, h′2 is the outlet helium enthalpy, c p2 is the specific heat capacity of helium, T2 is the inlet helium temperature, T2′ is the outlet helium temperature; x is the opening of the regulating valve, m is the helium flow rate of the helium circuit; ΔT m is the logarithmic mean temperature difference of the hydrogen heater.

[0037] If the target hydrogen supply information is reached in S3, the control is stopped, otherwise the variable frequency pump 10 is synchronously adjusted. Specifically, the variable frequency pump 10 is synchronously adjusted to adjust the opening of the regulating valve in the helium boosting pipeline and the opening of the regulating valve in the hydrogen supply pipeline, and the total helium flow rate of the helium circuit 18 is adjusted.

[0038] S4 repeats step S3 until the target hydrogen supply information is reached.

[0039] Example 1 like Figure 1 As shown, a flow chart of a heat recovery type hydrogen supply system, the hydrogen supply system includes a hydrogen supply pipeline 2 and a helium loop 18.

[0040] The hydrogen supply pipeline 2 mainly provides hydrogen with stable temperature and pressure for the engine, including a liquid hydrogen storage tank 1, a regulating valve 3, a shut-off valve 4, a hydrogen heater 5, a pressure sensor 6, a temperature sensor 7, an engine 8, and an engine exhaust pipe 9. In the hydrogen supply pipeline 2, after the liquid hydrogen flows out of the liquid hydrogen storage tank 1, it is gasified and heated to a suitable temperature by the hydrogen heater 5, and finally the hydrogen enters the engine 8 to burn and provide power, and the high-temperature exhaust after the combustion is completed is discharged from the engine exhaust pipe 9. The regulating valve 3 is used to adjust the pressure of the hydrogen supply pipeline to ensure that the hydrogen pressure meets the gas supply demand of the engine 8. The shut-off valve 4 is used to open or close the hydrogen supply process. The pressure sensor 6 and the temperature sensor 7 respectively monitor the pressure and temperature of the hydrogen entering the engine.

[0041] The helium circuit 18 is mainly used to recover the heat of the engine exhaust. The main pipeline includes a variable frequency pump 10, a helium heat recovery heat exchanger 11, a temperature sensor 12, and a buffer tank 13. The variable frequency pump 10 is used for helium boosting and provides helium circulation power. The helium heat recovery heat exchanger 11 is arranged in the engine exhaust pipe. When the helium passes through the helium heat recovery heat exchanger 11, it exchanges heat with the high-temperature exhaust gas of the engine to recover the exhaust heat. Subsequently, the high-temperature helium enters the buffer tank 13, and after the pressure is stabilized, it enters the helium boosting pipeline 15 and the helium heating pipeline 16 in two ways.

[0042] The helium boosting pipeline 15 includes a regulating valve 14 and a boosting heat exchanger 17. The boosting heat exchanger 17 is arranged in the liquid hydrogen storage tank 1. After the helium enters the boosting heat exchanger 17, the liquid hydrogen in the liquid hydrogen storage tank 1 is gasified by heat exchange, the storage tank is pressurized, and the pressure of the hydrogen supply pipeline 2 is adjusted.

[0043] The main component of the helium heating pipeline 16 is the hydrogen heater 5. The helium enters the hydrogen heater 5, gasifies and heats the liquid hydrogen flowing out of the liquid hydrogen storage tank 1.

[0044] In the system of the present invention, the hydrogen supply pressure and temperature are regulated by the combination of the variable frequency pump 10 and the regulating valve 14. The variable frequency pump 10 adjusts the total helium flow of the helium circuit 18 by changing the pump frequency; the regulating valve 14 adjusts the helium flow distribution of the helium boosting pipeline 15 and the helium heating pipeline 16 by adjusting the valve opening. The combined regulation of the variable frequency pump 10 and the regulating valve 14 can respectively adjust the helium flow of the helium boosting pipeline 15 and the helium heating pipeline 16, change the heating power of the booster heat exchanger 17 and the hydrogen heater 5, and finally quantitatively regulate the pressure and temperature of the hydrogen supply pipeline.

[0045] The hydrogen heater 5 is an important device for the hydrogen supply circuit 2 to recover the engine exhaust heat, and the following embodiment is used to illustrate the heat exchange performance of the hydrogen heater 5. The following formula can be used to quantify and calculate the heat exchange performance of the hydrogen heater 5: Q=m1(h′1-h1)=m1c p1 (T1′-T1) Q=m2(h′2-h2)=m2c p2 (T2′-T2) m2=m(1-x) Q=hAΔT m Wherein, Q is the heat transfer power of the hydrogen heater 5, A is the heat transfer area of ​​the hydrogen heater 5, and h is the heat transfer coefficient of the hydrogen heater 5. m1 is the hydrogen flow rate of the hydrogen supply pipeline 2, h1 is the inlet liquid hydrogen enthalpy, h′1 is the outlet hydrogen enthalpy, c p1 is the specific heat capacity of hydrogen, T1 is the inlet liquid hydrogen temperature, T1′ is the outlet hydrogen temperature. m2 is the helium flow rate of the helium heating pipeline 16, h2 is the inlet helium enthalpy value, h′2 is the outlet helium enthalpy value, c p2 is the specific heat capacity of helium, T2 is the inlet helium temperature, T2′ is the outlet helium temperature. x is the opening of the regulating valve 14, and m is the helium flow rate of the helium circuit 18. ΔT m is the logarithmic mean temperature difference of the hydrogen heater 5.

[0046] In this embodiment, under normal operating conditions, the hydrogen flow rate m1 is 1 g / s, the inlet liquid hydrogen temperature T1 is 27 K, and the outlet hydrogen temperature is 280 K. The helium flow rate m2 is 3.5 g / s, the inlet helium temperature is 550 K, and the outlet helium temperature is 350 K. According to calculations, the heat exchange power of the hydrogen heat exchanger 5 is 3.6 kW.

[0047] like Figure 2 As shown, based on the above Figure 1 The heat recovery type hydrogen supply system shown provides a heat recovery type hydrogen supply system control method. The control method of the hydrogen supply system includes hydrogen supply pipeline temperature control and hydrogen supply pipeline pressure control.

[0048] The temperature control of the hydrogen supply pipeline includes the following steps: S1, the temperature sensor 7 detects that the hydrogen supply temperature deviates from the set temperature range; S2, adjusting the opening of the regulating valve 14 in the helium boosting pipeline 15, adjusting the flow of helium entering the hydrogen heater 5, and changing the heating power of the hydrogen heater 5; S3, monitor the temperature change of the temperature sensor 7. If the hydrogen supply temperature can be adjusted to the set temperature range, the temperature control process enters S11 and the control ends; if the hydrogen supply temperature cannot be adjusted to the set temperature range within the normal opening range of the regulating valve, enter the next level control scheme S7; S7, adjusting the variable frequency pump 10 to adjust the total helium flow rate of the helium circuit 18; S8, adjusting the opening of the regulating valve 14 in the helium boosting pipeline 15, allocating a portion of the new total helium flow to the hydrogen heater 5, and changing the heating power of the hydrogen heater 5; S9, monitoring the temperature change of the temperature sensor 7. If the hydrogen supply temperature can be adjusted to the set temperature range, the temperature control process enters S11 and the control ends; if the hydrogen supply temperature does not reach the set temperature range, the control process returns to S7 to continue adjusting; S11, the temperature sensor 7 detects that the hydrogen supply temperature reaches the set temperature range, and the hydrogen supply temperature control process ends.

[0049] The hydrogen supply pipeline pressure control includes the following steps: S4, the pressure sensor 6 detects that the hydrogen supply pressure deviates from the set pressure; S5, adjusting the opening of the regulating valve 3 in the hydrogen supply pipeline 2 to adjust the hydrogen supply pressure of the hydrogen supply pipeline 2; S6, monitor the pressure change of the pressure sensor 6. If the hydrogen supply pressure can be adjusted to the set pressure, the pressure control process enters S12 and the control ends; if the hydrogen supply pressure cannot be adjusted to the set pressure within the normal opening range of the regulating valve, enter the next level control scheme S7; S7, adjusting the variable frequency pump 10 to adjust the total helium flow rate of the helium circuit 18; S8, adjusting the opening of the regulating valve 14 in the helium boosting pipeline 15, allocating a portion of the new total helium flow to the boosting heat exchanger 17, and changing the heating power of the boosting heat exchanger 17; S9, monitoring the pressure change of the pressure sensor 6. If the hydrogen supply pressure can be adjusted to the set pressure, the pressure control process enters S12 and the control ends; if the hydrogen supply pressure does not reach the set pressure, the control process returns to S7 to continue adjusting; S12, the pressure sensor 6 detects that the hydrogen supply pressure reaches the set pressure, and the hydrogen supply pressure control process ends.

[0050] In this example, the temperature of liquid hydrogen at the outlet of the liquid hydrogen storage tank 1 in the hydrogen supply pipeline 2 is 27K, the supply pressure of the hydrogen fuel received by the engine 8 is greater than or equal to 0.5MPa, the supply temperature is greater than or equal to 280K, and the opening range of the regulating valve 3 is 10% to 80%. After the hydrogen is burned in the engine 8, the engine exhaust pipe 9 discharges high-temperature exhaust gas of about 600K, and the heat is recovered by the helium heat recovery heat exchanger 11. In the helium circuit 18, the temperature of the helium after the heat is recovered in the helium heat recovery heat exchanger 11 is about 550K, the opening range of the regulating valve 14 is 10% to 80%, and the high-temperature helium is distributed through the regulating valve 14 to enter the helium boosting pipeline 15 and the helium heating pipeline 16.

[0051] like Figure 2 Based on the above parameters, the complete temperature and pressure regulation process of the hydrogen supply system is illustrated.

[0052] Example 2 The hydrogen supply temperature and pressure deviate slightly from the set supply parameters: Step 1: The temperature sensor 7 shows that the temperature is 260K, the pressure sensor 6 shows that the pressure is 0.7MPa, and the hydrogen supply temperature is lower than the set 280K; Step 2: The regulating valve 14 adjusts the opening from 50% to 30%, the helium flow rate of the helium heating pipeline 16 increases, and the helium flow rate of the helium boosting pipeline 15 decreases. The temperature sensor 7 shows that the temperature is 280K, and the pressure sensor 6 shows that the pressure is 0.45MPa. The hydrogen supply pressure is lower than the set 0.5MPa; Step 3: The regulating valve 3 adjusts the opening from 50% to 40%, and the pressure of the hydrogen supply pipeline increases. The temperature sensor 7 shows that the temperature is 285K, and the pressure sensor 6 shows that the pressure is 0.5MPa, which meets the set hydrogen supply temperature and pressure, and the adjustment is completed.

[0053] Example 3 The hydrogen supply temperature and pressure deviate greatly from the set supply parameters: Step 1: The temperature sensor 7 shows that the temperature is 200K, the pressure sensor 6 shows that the pressure is 0.3MPa, the hydrogen supply temperature is lower than the set 280K, and the hydrogen supply pressure is lower than the set 0.5MPa; Step 2: The regulating valve 14 adjusts the opening from 30% to 10%, the helium flow rate of the helium heating pipeline 16 increases, and the helium flow rate of the helium boosting pipeline 15 decreases. The temperature sensor 7 shows that the temperature is 250K, and the pressure sensor 6 shows that the pressure is 0.2MPa. The hydrogen supply temperature and hydrogen supply pressure are still lower than the set supply parameters; Step 3: Increase the speed of the variable frequency pump 10, and increase the helium flow rate of the helium heating pipeline 16 and the helium boosting pipeline 15. The temperature sensor 7 shows that the temperature is 290K, and the pressure sensor 6 shows that the pressure is 0.4MPa. The hydrogen supply pressure is lower than the set hydrogen supply pressure of 0.5MPa; Step 4: The regulating valve 14 adjusts the opening from 10% to 20%, the helium flow rate of the helium heating pipeline 16 decreases, and the helium flow rate of the helium boosting pipeline 15 increases. The temperature sensor 7 shows that the temperature is 280K, and the pressure sensor 6 shows that the pressure is 0.5MPa, and the adjustment is completed.

[0054] A helium loop is set in the hydrogen supply system, and the exhaust heat of the engine is recovered by the helium loop. The main and bypass helium flows are adjusted by the frequency conversion pump and the regulating valve respectively, so as to realize the function of controlling the temperature and pressure of the hydrogen supply pipeline. After passing through the frequency conversion pump 10, the helium enters the helium heat recovery heat exchanger 11 in the engine exhaust pipe 9 at a certain flow rate to absorb the exhaust heat, and then the helium enters the helium booster pipeline 15 and the helium heating pipeline 16 respectively. In the helium booster pipeline 15, the helium enters the liquid hydrogen in the liquid hydrogen storage tank 1 gasification tank, and the pressure of the hydrogen supply pipeline is adjusted by adjusting the pressure of the air pillow area in the storage tank. In the helium heating pipeline 16, the helium is gasified by the hydrogen heater 5 and the liquid hydrogen flowing out of the liquid hydrogen storage tank is heated, and the supplied hydrogen is adjusted to a suitable temperature. Through the combination of the frequency conversion pump 10 and the regulating valve 14, the helium pipeline flow distribution is realized, and the hydrogen supply temperature and pressure are regulated. The whole hydrogen supply system has a compact structure and a simple and clear control method.

[0055] The specific embodiments described herein are merely examples of the spirit of the present invention. The above embodiments only express several implementation methods of the present application, and the descriptions thereof are relatively specific and detailed, but they cannot be construed as limiting the scope of the present application. It should be noted that a technician in the technical field to which the present application belongs may make various modifications or supplements to the described specific embodiments or replace them in a similar manner, but will not deviate from the spirit of the present application or exceed the scope defined in the attached claims. For a person of ordinary skill in the art, multiple variations and improvements may also be made without departing from the concept of the present application. Therefore, the scope of protection of this patent shall be subject to the attached claims.

Claims

1. A heat recovery type hydrogen supply system, characterized in that: The invention comprises a hydrogen supply component and a helium component, wherein the hydrogen supply component comprises a liquid hydrogen storage tank (1) and a hydrogen heater (5) and an engine (8) connected in sequence, and a control component is arranged between the liquid hydrogen storage tank (1) and the hydrogen heater (5); the helium component comprises a helium circuit (18) and a variable frequency pump (10) and a helium heat recovery heat exchanger (11) connected in sequence, and a helium booster component and a helium heating component connected in parallel are arranged between the helium heat recovery heat exchanger (11) and the helium circuit (18).

2. A heat recovery type hydrogen supply system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The control component comprises a regulating valve (3) and a stop valve (4) which are connected in sequence.

3. A heat recovery type hydrogen supply system according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: A signal component is provided between the hydrogen heater (5) and the engine (8), and the signal component comprises a pressure sensor (6) and a temperature sensor (7).

4. A heat recovery type hydrogen supply system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The helium boosting assembly comprises a helium boosting pipeline (15), a regulating valve (14) and a boosting heat exchanger (17) which are arranged in sequence, wherein the input end of the regulating valve (14) passes through a temperature sensor (12) and a buffer tank (13) in sequence, and the output end of the regulating valve (14) is connected to a helium circuit (18).

5. A heat recovery type hydrogen supply system according to claim 1 or 4, characterized in that: The helium heating assembly comprises a helium heating pipeline (16), the helium heating pipeline (16) passes through a hydrogen heater (5), an input end of the helium heating pipeline (16) passes through a temperature sensor (12) and a buffer tank (13) in sequence, and an output end of the helium heating pipeline (16) is connected to a helium circuit (18).

6. A control method for a heat recovery type hydrogen supply system, applicable to the heat recovery type hydrogen supply system as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1 sets the hydrogen supply control threshold and collects hydrogen supply information of the hydrogen supply pipeline; S2 sets the regulating valve opening and target hydrogen supply information according to the hydrogen supply information; S3 If the target hydrogen supply information is reached, the control is stopped, otherwise the variable frequency pump (10) is synchronously adjusted; S4 repeats step S3 until the target hydrogen supply information is reached.

7. A control method for a heat recovery type hydrogen supply system according to claim 6, characterized in that: The step S1 specifically includes setting a hydrogen supply control threshold and collecting the hydrogen supply temperature and hydrogen supply pressure of the hydrogen supply pipeline.

8. A control method for a heat recovery type hydrogen supply system according to claim 6 or 7, characterized in that: The step S2 of setting the regulating valve opening specifically includes adjusting the opening of the regulating valve in the helium boosting pipeline, adjusting the helium flow entering the hydrogen heater, and changing the heating power of the hydrogen heater; adjusting the opening of the regulating valve in the hydrogen supply pipeline, and adjusting the hydrogen supply pressure of the hydrogen supply pipeline.

9. A control method for a heat recovery type hydrogen supply system according to claim 8, characterized in that: The heat transfer performance of the hydrogen heater is quantified and calculated: Q=m1(h′1-h1)=m1c p1 (T1′-T1) Q=m2(h′2-h2)=m2c p2 (T2′-T2) m2=m(1-x) Q=hAΔT m Wherein, Q is the heat transfer power of the hydrogen heater, A is the heat transfer area of ​​the hydrogen heater, h is the heat transfer coefficient of the hydrogen heater; m1 is the hydrogen flow rate of the hydrogen supply pipeline, h1 is the inlet liquid hydrogen enthalpy, h′1 is the outlet hydrogen enthalpy, c p1 is the specific heat capacity of hydrogen, T1 is the inlet liquid hydrogen temperature, T1′ is the outlet hydrogen temperature; m2 is the helium flow rate of the helium heating pipeline, h2 is the inlet helium enthalpy, h′2 is the outlet helium enthalpy, c p2 is the specific heat capacity of helium, T2 is the inlet helium temperature, T′2 is the outlet helium temperature; x is the opening of the regulating valve, m is the helium flow rate of the helium circuit; ΔT m is the logarithmic mean temperature difference of the hydrogen heater.

10. A control method for a heat recovery type hydrogen supply system according to claim 8 or 9, characterized in that: The step S3 specifically includes adjusting the opening of the regulating valve in the helium boosting pipeline and the opening of the regulating valve in the hydrogen supply pipeline, and synchronously adjusting the variable frequency pump (10) to adjust the total helium flow rate of the helium circuit (18).

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