Blasting charge structure for blocking draw shaft and blasting method

Abstract

The invention provides a blasting charging structure and a blasting method for blocking a draw shaft, and relates to the technical field of blasting, the blasting charging structure comprises an explosive device and a detonating device, the explosive device comprises an umbrella-shaped explosive assembly and a columnar explosive assembly, and the columnar explosive assembly is located between the umbrella-shaped explosive assembly and the detonating device; the umbrella-shaped explosion assembly comprises a plurality of limiting frameworks and first explosives fixed to the surfaces of the limiting frameworks, a preset angle is formed between every two adjacent limiting frameworks, and the multiple limiting frameworks are located at the lower end of the blocking body to form an umbrella-shaped structure. According to the invention, the blasting construction effect is greatly improved, and the efficiency of underground blasting construction is improved while the blasting safety is ensured; and in addition, site construction is facilitated, long-distance blockage of the main draw shaft can be effectively treated, and the method is well applied to mines.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of blasting, and in particular to a blasting charge structure and a blasting method for chute blockage. Background Art

[0002] The main chute is the throat project for collecting, storing and transporting ore and rock in underground metal mines. Its stability and smoothness directly affect the normal production of the mine. Since the main chute is affected by both the static load stress field and the impact load, its stress state is complex, its stability is poor, and its damage rate is high.

[0003] Part of the main chute spans two middle sections. Due to the complexity of the surrounding rock engineering geological conditions and hydrogeological conditions, there has long been a contradiction between the transportation of large amounts of ore and waste rock and the rhythm control of ore discharge, resulting in excessive storage of ore and waste rock in the chute for a long time and compaction, causing serious blockage.

[0004] When a blockage accident occurs in the main chute, the transportation of ore and waste rock in some sections of the mine will be interrupted, causing great economic losses to the mine or significantly increasing the cost of ore transportation, reducing economic benefits. Therefore, based on the actual production, in-depth research on the anti-blockage mechanism of the main chute, adopting a reasonable and effective charging structure for chute blockage treatment, timely handling (blasting) the blocked chute, and restoring the chute transportation function are of great significance to ensure efficient production.

[0005] The main ore body of a copper mine adopts the method of large-diameter deep holes and subsequent filling of empty areas, the thin to medium-thick and gently inclined ore bodies adopt the method of segmented empty areas and subsequent filling, and the small ore bodies and residual ores adopt the method of shallow hole ore retention. The mine production scale is about 1.35 million tons / year.

[0006] There are many main chutes distributed among four ore bodies. Due to the complex engineering geological conditions and hydrogeological conditions of the surrounding rocks of some chutes, there has long been a contradiction between the transportation of a large amount of ore and waste rock and the rhythm control of ore discharge, resulting in excessive storage of ore and waste rock in the chutes for a long time, resulting in compaction and serious blockage. For example, the 22# and 23# chutes of a certain ore body and the 1# chute of a deep ore body are often blocked, affecting the normal transportation of ore and waste rock, reducing transportation efficiency, increasing transportation costs, and being very unfavorable for efficient production. The traditional single explosive structure blasting method is simple to construct, but limited by the structure of the explosion, it cannot form a combined effect of shock waves and cannot subject the blocked structure to multiple impact vibrations. For severely blocked structures, multiple blastings are often required, affecting the speed and safety of underground construction. Summary of the invention

[0007] In view of the above problems, the present invention provides a blasting charging structure and a blasting method for a chute blockage, which greatly improves the effect of blasting construction, ensures blasting safety and improves the efficiency of underground blasting construction; it is also convenient for on-site construction, can effectively deal with the blockage of the main chute shaft, and is well applied in mines.

[0008] To solve the above problems, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is: A blasting charging structure for chute blockage includes an explosive device and a detonating device, wherein the explosive device includes an umbrella-shaped explosive assembly and a columnar explosive assembly, wherein the columnar explosive assembly is located between the umbrella-shaped explosive assembly and the detonating device; the umbrella-shaped explosive assembly includes a plurality of limiting frames and a first explosive fixed to the surface of the limiting frames, wherein a predetermined angle is provided between two adjacent limiting frames, and a plurality of the limiting frames are located at the lower end of the blockage body to form an umbrella-shaped structure.

[0009] Preferably, the columnar explosive assembly includes a plurality of vertically arranged second explosives, a hole plug is provided on the outside of the second explosive located at the bottom, and the lower end surface of the hole plug is connected to a plurality of the limiting skeletons.

[0010] Preferably, a sand filling structure is provided between the lower end of the second explosive located at the bottom and the upper end of the hole plugging plug, and the thickness of the sand filling structure is not greater than 0.2 m.

[0011] Preferably, the detonating device comprises a thin iron wire and a blasting cap.

[0012] A method for blasting a chute blockage, using the above-mentioned blasting structure for blasting a chute blockage, includes the following steps: S1, a first group of workers are located in a third chamber and make an explosive device as described in any one of claims 1 to 5; S2, a second group of workers are located in the second chamber and construct a vertical deep hole downward toward the blockage body; S3, after the vertical deep hole construction is completed, the second group of workers put a detonating device along the vertical deep hole toward the third chamber until the first group of workers in the third chamber touches the detonating device; S4, the first group of workers fix the explosive device on the lower end surface of the detonating device, and after the explosive device is fixed, the second group of workers are located in the second chamber and pull the detonating device and the explosive device upward until the explosive device is tightly against the lower end of the blockage body; S5, the detonating device is detonated by the detonating device to complete the blasting construction of the blockage body.

[0013] Preferably, the diameter of the vertical deep hole in step S2 is 110 mm, the inclination angle is 90°, and the depth is not less than the length of the plugging body.

[0014] Preferably, in step S1, thick iron wire and geotextile are used to make an umbrella-shaped explosive device, the cross-sectional area of ​​the explosive device is smaller than the cross-sectional area of ​​the chute, and at least two first explosives are tied to the limiting frame of the umbrella-shaped structural surface.

[0015] Preferably, 10 thin emulsion explosives are connected to the main detonating cord pre-bundled with 3 columnar explosives at the bottom of the hole by a detonating cord, and connected to the outside of the hole through a hole drilled in the plugging body.

[0016] Preferably, outside the hole, the main detonating cord is connected to the electronic detonator to prepare for detonation; and the explosive bag at the bottom of the hole is sealed with a water seal bag (total length 1.4m).

[0017] The beneficial effects of the present invention are: Compared with the existing technology, two different structural charges are used to implement multi-directional blasting impact on the blockage, so that the blasting energy collides, dismembers and crushes the blockage in multiple dimensions. Compared with the impact blasting of a single charge, the destructive effect on the blockage is more obvious and the effect is better. Practice has proved that this new charge structure and its treatment method are very effective in treating long blockages in the chute, extending the service life of the chute. The charge structure for treating chute blockage uses a new type of charge that combines an umbrella-shaped charge structure suspended at the bottom of the hole in the blockage with a columnar charge in the hole to perform multi-directional three-dimensional blasting on the blockage. The combined effect of the shock waves formed by blasting and the multiple impact vibrations causes the blockage to disintegrate and loosen, so that smaller gangue falls into the chute funnel multiple times, and this process is repeated, and the longer blockage is slowly broken and falls, thereby unblocking the chute and restoring its normal function. This is a new method for dealing with chute blockages with small blasting volume and convenient handling; it greatly improves the effect of blasting construction, ensures blasting safety, and improves the efficiency of underground blasting construction; it is also convenient for on-site construction, can effectively deal with the blockage of the main chute shaft, and is well applied in mines. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] Figure 1 It is a comparative schematic diagram of different blasting stages of the present invention.

[0019] Figure 2 For the present invention Figure 1 A is an enlarged structural diagram of FIG.

[0020] Figure 3 For the present invention Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the enlarged structure at B.

[0021] Figure 4 It is a schematic structural diagram of the columnar explosion assembly of the present invention.

[0022] In the figure: 100, the first chamber; 200, the mine chute; 300, the second chamber; 400, the detonating device; 500, the third chamber; 600, the explosive device; 610, the umbrella-shaped explosive assembly; 611, the limiting frame; 612, the first explosive; 620, the columnar explosive assembly; 621, the second explosive; 622, the sand filling structure; 623, the plugging plug; 700, the plugging body. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0023] The present invention is further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0024] In order to solve the technical problems mentioned in the background technology, Figure 1 -Attached Figure 4 A blasting charge structure for chute blockage includes an explosive device 600 and a detonating device 400. The explosive device 600 includes an umbrella-shaped explosive component 610 and a columnar explosive component 620. The columnar explosive component 620 is located between the umbrella-shaped explosive component 610 and the detonating device 400. The umbrella-shaped explosive component 610 includes a plurality of limiting frames 611 and a first explosive 612 fixed on the surface of the limiting frames 611. There is a predetermined angle between two adjacent limiting frames 611. The plurality of limiting frames 611 are located at the lower end of the blocking body 700 to form an umbrella-shaped structure.

[0025] It should be noted here that the multiple limiting skeletons 611 here can be selected as abandoned umbrella structures, which can disperse multiple first explosives 612 at different positions when they are opened to form a multi-point umbrella-shaped blasting structure, which is handmade using thick iron wire, geotextile, tape and related tools.

[0026] It should also be noted that the angle between two adjacent limiting frames 611 is 60°, which can relatively evenly distribute multiple first explosives 612 at different angles. The angle here can be adjusted according to the structure of the blocking body 700, and it is only necessary to disperse the multiple first explosives 612.

[0027] Two different structural explosive packs are used to carry out multi-directional blasting impacts on the blockage, so that the blasting energy can collide, dismember and crush the blockage in multiple dimensions. Compared with the impact blasting of a single explosive pack, the destructive effect on the blockage is more obvious and the effect is better. Practice has proved that this new charging structure and its treatment method are very effective in dealing with long blockages in chutes.

[0028] The columnar explosive assembly 620 includes a plurality of vertically arranged second explosives 621, and a hole plug 623 is provided on the outside of the second explosive 621 located at the bottom. The lower end surface of the hole plug 623 is connected to a plurality of limiting skeletons 611. The umbrella-shaped explosive assembly 610 and the columnar explosive assembly 620 are interconnected, and the plurality of limiting skeletons 611 intersect with each other to form a blasting intersection. The bottom of the columnar explosive assembly 620 is located at the upper end of the blasting intersection.

[0029] During the blasting process, the columnar explosive assembly 620 is controlled to explode first, which can generate the first vibration to the surrounding blockage body 700. After the columnar explosive assembly 620 explodes, it can drive multiple first explosives 612 distributed in an umbrella shape around it to explode synchronously. The multiple first explosives 612 can be located at different positions to form a compound explosion impact on the blockage body 700, thereby accelerating the loosening of the blockage body 700.

[0030] A sand filling structure 622 is provided between the lower end of the second explosive 621 at the bottom and the upper end of the hole plug 623. The thickness of the sand filling structure 622 is not greater than 0.2 m. The sand filling structure 622 can enhance the overall blasting effect and prevent the explosives from piling up and reducing the blasting effect.

[0031] The detonating device 400 here includes a thin iron wire and a detonating cap. The explosive device 600 can be fixed by the thin iron wire. At the same time, the thin iron wire can pass through the deep hole constructed and formed in the blocking body 700, which is convenient for the workers to carry out construction in the mine; the detonating cap is also arranged with the thin iron wire to control the detonation of the explosive device 600.

[0032] A blasting method for a chute blockage, using the above-mentioned blasting structure for a chute blockage, comprises the following steps: S1. The first group of workers are located in the third chamber 500 to make the above-mentioned explosive device 600; the umbrella-shaped explosive assembly 610 here can be located at the top to find a master who makes umbrellas, and is made by hand using thick iron wire, geotextile, adhesive tape and related tools. After the production is completed, it is brought to the third chamber 500 for installation; it can also be made on-site in the third chamber 500; the production method of the columnar explosive assembly 620 here is similar to that of the umbrella-shaped explosive assembly 610, and the whole can be manufactured in the umbrella-shaped explosive assembly 610.

[0033] S2. The second group of workers are located in the second chamber 300 and construct vertical deep holes downward toward the blocking body 700; the aperture of the vertical deep holes is 110 mm, the inclination angle is 90°, and the depth is not less than the length of the blocking body 700; by constructing the vertical deep holes, the thin iron wire and the detonating cap in the detonating device 400 can pass through, so that the workers in the second chamber 300 can lift the explosive device 600 in the third chamber 500 to the predetermined position at the lower end of the blocking body 700.

[0034] S3. After the vertical deep hole construction is completed, the second group of workers drops the detonating device 400 along the vertical deep hole toward the third chamber 500 until the first group of workers in the third chamber 500 touches the detonating device 400; a counterweight object can be tied to the lower end of the detonating device 400 to accelerate the descent process of the detonating device 400, so that the detonating device 400 can be quickly and accurately moved into the third chamber 500 under the action of gravity. The counterweight object here can be selected as an iron ball to avoid greater friction during the descent process and to avoid jamming.

[0035] S4. The first group of workers fix the explosive device 600 on the lower surface of the detonating device 400. After the explosive device 600 is fixed, the second group of workers in the second chamber 300 pulls the detonating device 400 and the explosive device 600 upwards until the explosive device 600 is tightly against the lower end of the blocking body.

[0036] The lower end of the explosive device 600 needs to be tied and fixed to the detonating device 400 to ensure its stability during lifting and movement; the upper end of the columnar explosive assembly 620 is fixed to the lower end of the detonating device 400, and the umbrella-shaped explosive assembly 610 is in an umbrella-shaped open state and fixed to the lower end of the columnar explosive assembly 620 as the whole rises.

[0037] Similarly, a locking structure can be installed in the umbrella-shaped explosive assembly 610. During the lifting process of the umbrella-shaped explosive assembly 610, the umbrella-shaped explosive assembly 610 can be controlled to be in a closed state to reduce the volume of the umbrella-shaped explosive assembly 610 during the lifting process and avoid the umbrella-shaped explosive assembly 610 from getting stuck during the lifting process. After the umbrella-shaped explosive assembly 610 is lifted to a predetermined position, the locking structure is controlled to open. An elastic reset structure is installed inside the umbrella-shaped explosive assembly 610, which can control the umbrella-shaped explosive assembly 610 to return to its initial umbrella-shaped state as a whole, thereby facilitating subsequent blasting.

[0038] S5. Detonating the explosive device 600 through the detonating device 400 to complete the blasting construction on the blocking body 700.

[0039] In step S1, thick iron wire and geotextile are used to make an umbrella-shaped explosive device 600, the cross-sectional area of ​​which is smaller than the cross-sectional area of ​​the chute, and at least two first explosives 612 are tied to the limiting frame 611 of the umbrella-shaped structural surface.

[0040] It should be noted that what is meant here is that the cross-sectional area of ​​the columnar explosive assembly 620 is smaller than the cross-sectional area of ​​the chute, so as to ensure that the columnar explosive assembly 620 can penetrate into the cross-sectional area of ​​the chute, and allow the umbrella-shaped explosive assembly 610 to be located at the lower end of the blocking body 700 and tightly against the blocking body 700.

[0041] 10 fine emulsion explosives are connected to the bottom of the hole with detonating cords, 10 fine emulsion explosives are installed on the surface of umbrella-shaped explosive assembly 610, pre-bundled with the main detonating cords of 3 columnar explosives, and connected to the outside of the hole by plugging the drilled holes inside the body; a total of 13 explosives are used to achieve multi-angle combined blasting effects.

[0042] Outside the hole, the main detonating cord is connected to the electronic detonator in preparation for detonation; the explosive bag at the bottom of the hole is sealed with a water seal bag (total length 1.4m), and the water seal bag seals the explosive column on all sides through a plastic bag filled with water, thereby slowing down the scattering speed of the detonation products; in this way, the detonation products can act on the rock for a longer time, increasing the crushing effect on the rock and improving the blasting effect; at the same time, the above structure can also protect vertical deep holes and blastholes to facilitate subsequent continuous multiple blastings.

[0043] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A blasting charging structure for a chute blockage, comprising an explosive device (600) and a detonating device (400), characterized in that: The explosive device (600) comprises an umbrella-shaped explosive assembly (610) and a columnar explosive assembly (620), wherein the columnar explosive assembly (620) is located between the umbrella-shaped explosive assembly (610) and the detonating device (400); The umbrella-shaped explosive assembly (610) comprises a plurality of limiting frames (611) and a first explosive (612) fixed to the surface of the limiting frames (611), a predetermined angle being formed between two adjacent limiting frames (611), and a plurality of the limiting frames (611) being located at the lower end of the blocking body (700) to form an umbrella-shaped structure.

2. The blasting structure for chute blockage according to claim 1, characterized in that: The columnar explosive assembly (620) comprises a plurality of second explosives (621) arranged vertically, a hole plug (623) being arranged outside the second explosive (621) at the bottom, and a lower end surface of the hole plug (623) being connected to a plurality of the limiting skeletons (611).

3. The blasting structure for chute blockage according to claim 2, characterized in that: A sand filling structure (622) is provided between the lower end of the second explosive (621) located at the bottom and the upper end of the hole plug (623), and the thickness of the sand filling structure (622) is not greater than 0.2 m.

4. The blasting structure for chute blockage according to claim 1, characterized in that: The detonating device (400) comprises a thin iron wire and a blasting cap.

5. A method for blasting a chute blockage, characterized in that: The blasting structure for blocking a chute according to any one of claims 1 to 3 comprises the following steps: S1. A first group of workers is located in a third chamber (500) and manufactures an explosive device (600) according to any one of claims 1 to 3; S2, a second group of workers are located in the second chamber (300) and construct a vertical deep hole downward toward the plugging body (700); S3. After the vertical deep hole construction is completed, the second group of workers puts the detonating device (400) along the vertical deep hole toward the third chamber (500) until the first group of workers in the third chamber (500) touch the detonating device (400); S4, the first group of workers fix the explosive device (600) on the lower surface of the detonating device (400), and after the explosive device (600) is fixed, the second group of workers in the second chamber (300) pull the detonating device (400) and the explosive device (600) upward until the explosive device (600) is tightly abutted against the lower end of the blocking body; S5. Detonating the explosive device (600) through the detonating device (400) to complete the blasting operation on the blocking body (700).

6. The blasting method for chute blockage according to claim 5, characterized in that: In step S2, the diameter of the vertical deep hole is 110 mm, the inclination angle is 90°, and the depth is not less than the length of the plugging body (700).

7. The blasting method for chute blockage according to claim 5, characterized in that: In step S1, a thick iron wire and geotextile are used to make an umbrella-shaped explosive device (600), the cross-sectional area of ​​the explosive device (600) being smaller than the cross-sectional area of ​​the chute, and at least two first explosives (612) are tied to a limiting frame (611) of the umbrella-shaped structural surface.

8. The blasting method for chute blockage according to claim 5, characterized in that: Outside the vertical deep hole, a water seal bag is used to seal the explosives at the bottom of the vertical deep hole, and the total length of the water seal bag is 1.4m.

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